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King Stephen's Reign
KING STEPHEN’S REIGN: A REASSESSMENT OF THE NUMISMATIC EVIDENCE HENRY FAIRBAIRN Introduction IT is well known that the English coinage, unified from the late tenth century under royal con- trol, fractured into a series of official, irregular and baronial coin types during the reign of King Stephen (1135–54). This was caused by the arrival from Normandy in 1139 of Henry I’s daughter Matilda and her half-brother Earl Robert of Gloucester, which precipitated a civil war that lasted until 1153. The last major study of the coinage of Stephen’s reign was under- taken by Mark Blackburn in 1994.1 Despite his masterful survey of the numismatic corpus as it existed in the early 1990s, the increasing popularity of metal-detecting has expanded the volume and variety of the present corpus of these coins significantly. Therefore, an analysis of these new coins and the implications of this upon our existing understanding of the period is needed just two decades on. Stephen inherited a strong, centralised and long-established monetary system. The late Anglo-Saxon kings from Athelstan onwards enshrined in law that only officially-struck royal coins were to circulate within the territories under their control and they ensured that imported foreign coin were converted into English coin at the mints.2 King Edgar’s reform of the coin- age in c. 973 saw a uniform design for all English coins. The obverse showed a standardised portrait of the king with his name around the circumference; the reverse displayed the name of the moneyer and the name of the mint. -
Norman Rule Cumbria 1 0
NORMAN RULE I N C U M B R I A 1 0 9 2 – 1 1 3 6 B y RICHARD SHARPE A lecture delivered to Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society on 9th April 2005 at Carlisle CUMBERLAND AND WESTMORLAND ANTIQUARIAN AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY N O R M A N R U L E I N C U M B R I A 1 0 9 2 – 1 1 3 6 NORMAN RULE I N C U M B R I A 1 0 9 2 – 1 1 3 6 B y RICHARD SHARPE Pr o f essor of Diplomat i c , U n i v e r sity of Oxfo r d President of the Surtees Society A lecture delivered to Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society on 9th April 2005 at Carlisle CUMBERLAND AND WESTMORLAND ANTIQUARIAN AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY Tract Series Vol. XXI C&W TRACT SERIES No. XXI ISBN 1 873124 43 0 Published 2006 Acknowledgements I am grateful to the Council of the Society for inviting me, as president of the Surtees Society, to address the Annual General Meeting in Carlisle on 9 April 2005. Several of those who heard the paper on that occasion have also read the full text and allowed me to benefit from their comments; my thanks to Keith Stringer, John Todd, and Angus Winchester. I am particularly indebted to Hugh Doherty for much discussion during the preparation of this paper and for several references that I should otherwise have missed. In particular he should be credited with rediscovering the writ-charter of Henry I cited in n. -
First Evidence of Farming Appears; Stone Axes, Antler Combs, Pottery in Common Use
BC c.5000 - Neolithic (new stone age) Period begins; first evidence of farming appears; stone axes, antler combs, pottery in common use. c.4000 - Construction of the "Sweet Track" (named for its discoverer, Ray Sweet) begun; many similar raised, wooden walkways were constructed at this time providing a way to traverse the low, boggy, swampy areas in the Somerset Levels, near Glastonbury; earliest-known camps or communities appear (ie. Hembury, Devon). c.3500-3000 - First appearance of long barrows and chambered tombs; at Hambledon Hill (Dorset), the primitive burial rite known as "corpse exposure" was practiced, wherein bodies were left in the open air to decompose or be consumed by animals and birds. c.3000-2500 - Castlerigg Stone Circle (Cumbria), one of Britain's earliest and most beautiful, begun; Pentre Ifan (Dyfed), a classic example of a chambered tomb, constructed; Bryn Celli Ddu (Anglesey), known as the "mound in the dark grove," begun, one of the finest examples of a "passage grave." c.2500 - Bronze Age begins; multi-chambered tombs in use (ie. West Kennet Long Barrow) first appearance of henge "monuments;" construction begun on Silbury Hill, Europe's largest prehistoric, man-made hill (132 ft); "Beaker Folk," identified by the pottery beakers (along with other objects) found in their single burial sites. c.2500-1500 - Most stone circles in British Isles erected during this period; pupose of the circles is uncertain, although most experts speculate that they had either astronomical or ritual uses. c.2300 - Construction begun on Britain's largest stone circle at Avebury. c.2000 - Metal objects are widely manufactured in England about this time, first from copper, then with arsenic and tin added; woven cloth appears in Britain, evidenced by findings of pins and cloth fasteners in graves; construction begun on Stonehenge's inner ring of bluestones. -
The Reign of King Henry II of England, 1170-74: Three Minor Revisions
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1-1-2001 The reign of King Henry II of England, 1170-74: Three minor revisions John Donald Hosler Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Recommended Citation Hosler, John Donald, "The reign of King Henry II of England, 1170-74: Three minor revisions" (2001). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 21277. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/21277 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The reign of King Henry II of England, 1170-74: Three minor revisions by John Donald Hosler A thesis submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS Major: History Major Professor: Kenneth G. Madison Iowa State University Ames~Iowa 2001 11 Graduate College Iowa State University This is to certify that the Master's thesis of John Donald Hosler has met the thesis requirements of Iowa State University Signatures have been redacted for privacy 111 The liberal arts had not disappeared, but the honours which ought to attend them were withheld Gerald ofWales, Topograhpia Cambria! (c.1187) IV TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER ONE. INTRODUCTION 1 Overview: the Reign of Henry II of England 1 Henry's Conflict with Thomas Becket CHAPTER TWO. -
April 2019 Your Bi-Monthly Newsletter
Deanery News April 2019 Your Bi-monthly Newsletter Dear all It is good to hear how people are keeping Lent and preparing for our Easter and Pentecost celebrations in a variety of ways. Do please have a look through the newsletter at the things that have happened and that are going on. We always welcome news and updates, so please keep sending them to Debbie at [email protected] who you can also email to subscribe to this newsletter if you don’t already (or unsubscribe if you want to). Our new Bishop of Derby, Rt Rev Libby Lane, is also preparing to fully take up her post. She will be installed at Derby Cathedral on Saturday 25th at 2.30pm. Everyone is very welcome to attend. Bishop Libby is then planning to visit each of the Deaneries, to meet a wide range of people and to pray with them. She will be visiting Mercia Deanery on Wednesday 5th June, as part of which she will be speaking at our Deanery Thy Kingdom Come service, which will be hosted by St Mark’s Winshill starting at 7:45pm. Again, everyone is very welcome. At our recent Deanery Synod meeting, we thought about the Church of England’s programme of change, Setting God’s People Free. This is designed to “enable the whole people of God to live out the Good News of Jesus confidently in all of life, Sunday to Saturday.” There is more information and some practical tips at https:// www.churchofengland.org/SGPF In the light of this, we examined our Deanery priorities, which we agreed should be: 1. -
The Implementation and Impact of the Reformation in Shropshire, 1545-1575
The Implementation and Impact of the Reformation in Shropshire, 1545-1575 Elizabeth Murray A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts United Faculty of Theology The Melbourne College of Divinity October, 2007 Abstract Most English Reformation studies have been about the far north or the wealthier south-east. The poorer areas of the midlands and west have been largely passed over as less well-documented and thus less interesting. This thesis studying the north of the county of Shropshire demonstrates that the generally accepted model of the change from Roman Catholic to English Reformed worship does not adequately describe the experience of parishioners in that county. Acknowledgements I am grateful to Dr Craig D’Alton for his constant support and guidance as my supervisor. Thanks to Dr Dolly Mackinnon for introducing me to historical soundscapes with enthusiasm. Thanks also to the members of the Medieval Early Modern History Cohort for acting as a sounding board for ideas and for their assistance in transcribing the manuscripts in palaeography workshops. I wish to acknowledge the valuable assistance of various Shropshire and Staffordshire clergy, the staff of the Lichfield Heritage Centre and Lichfield Cathedral for permission to photograph churches and church plate. Thanks also to the Victoria & Albert Museum for access to their textiles collection. The staff at the Shropshire Archives, Shrewsbury were very helpful, as were the staff of the State Library of Victoria who retrieved all the volumes of the Transactions of the Shropshire Archaeological Society. I very much appreciate the ongoing support and love of my family. -
The Archaeology of the Abbeys and Priories of Leicestershire Pp.1-21
The Archaeology of the Abbeys and Priories of Leicestershire by Peter Liddle with Lorna O'Brien The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the present state of knowledge of the archaeology of the greater religious houses of Medieval Leicestershire. Secular colleges, hospitals, the military orders, friaries and alien cells are not included. Neither is the impact of the sites on the landscape through their creation of granges etc. covered (for this, see Courtney 1981). The documentary background is only covered in outline. For a fuller account see R A McKinley's article in the Victoria County History of Leicestershire (McKinley 1954). The earliest known monastic house was founded at Breedon in c.675AD within the ramparts of the Iron Age hill fort (Dornier 1977). Nothing is known of its buildings except for the magnificent carvings built into the later church. It seems certain that there were other similar communities at this time. Bringhurst seems likely, while sites producing a range of Middle/Late Anglo-Saxon objects at, for instance, Wymeswold and Melton Mowbray may well prove to be monastic (Liddle, forthcoming). I • • • WEST ~ y:;1rr~·-·····-~- · ~-----· 2>'()]('.r.lT 1. The plan ofBelvoir Priory (Nichols). Trans. Leicestershire Archaeol. and Hist. Soc., LXIX (1995) 2 r.====::-L __ --- -J\ II 1,-------1 r' II II II N ,,=================:~- --=~ :=----- --- -, II II 11 :: 11 11 11 II II 11 II II :!___________ II =='J -Ii-- I - - ,:==:: r.:==== : I : II .._ ... 1::i........ --~· 1 1 I ,1 I t 11 I 11 I 11 II 11 I 11 I 11 I 11__ JL _____ _ :i---------- ~L11 _________ _ '------------ KEY • Existing mansion Oc:=::i-===--=::::::::::a-===-- 20 40 m ::Postulated reconstruction 2. -
Charters: What Survives?
Banner 4-final.qxp_Layout 1 01/11/2016 09:29 Page 1 Charters: what survives? Charters are our main source for twelh- and thirteenth-century Scotland. Most surviving charters were written for monasteries, which had many properties and privileges and gained considerable expertise in preserving their charters. However, many collections were lost when monasteries declined aer the Reformation (1560) and their lands passed to lay lords. Only 27% of Scottish charters from 1100–1250 survive as original single sheets of parchment; even fewer still have their seal attached. e remaining 73% exist only as later copies. Survival of charter collectionS (relating to 1100–1250) GEOGRAPHICAL SPREAD from inStitutionS founded by 1250 Our picture of documents in this period is geographically distorted. Some regions have no institutions with surviving charter collections, even as copies (like Galloway). Others had few if any monasteries, and so lacked large charter collections in the first place (like Caithness). Others are relatively well represented (like Fife). Survives Lost or unknown number of Surviving charterS CHRONOLOGICAL SPREAD (by earliest possible decade of creation) 400 Despite losses, the surviving documents point to a gradual increase Copies Originals in their use in the twelh century. 300 200 100 0 109 0s 110 0s 111 0s 112 0s 113 0s 114 0s 115 0s 116 0s 1170s 118 0s 119 0s 120 0s 121 0s 122 0s 123 0s 124 0s TYPES OF DONOR typeS of donor – Example of Melrose Abbey’s Charters It was common for monasteries to seek charters from those in Lay Lords Kings positions of authority in the kingdom: lay lords, kings and bishops. -
Collegiate Churches, Ten Priories, and Six Nunneries, Whilst the Massive Remains of Fourteen Military Strongholds Are Still More Or Less Evident
ST.AFFORDSRIR~, Collegiate Churches, ten Priories, and six Nunneries, whilst the massive remains of fourteen military strongholds are still more or less evident. The Benedictines early established themselves at Burton Abbey, in 1002, and at the Priory of Lapley a few years afterwards. 1'hey also had foundations at the Abbey of Calwich, and the Priories ofTutbury, Blythe bury, Can well, and Sand well, together with the Nunneries of Farewell and Blackladies. The Augustinian Canons built the Abbeys of Ronton and Roccster, and had besides the Priories of Trentham, Stone, Stafford and St. Thomas at Lichfield. The Cistercian Order boasted of the three Abbeys of Croxden, Abbey Hulton, and Dieu la Cresse and they also . had a monastery at Radmore, in the forest of Cannock. The Cluniac monks never gained a footing in the county, but the remains of Dudley Priory, founded in 1140, just outside the border line still assert their near presence. Of the various orders of Friars, the Grey Friars were repre sented at Lichfield and Stafford, the Austin Friars at Stafford only. 1'he Knights Templar had a Preceptory at Keele, and also lands at Stoke. In Parish Churches, however, Staffordshire was not so richly endowed as many other counties, the approximate numbers, at the time of "the Domesday Survey, amounting only to about 28 or 30, though during the later Norman period the number increased at a rapid rate. The following were formerly Collegiate Churches, viz., . ·wol verhampton, Tettenhall, Gnosall, Lichfield, Penkridge, Stafford, &c. Tho mcdimval military remains comprise the Castles of Stafford, Wednesbmy, Chartley, Dudley, Alton, 1'utbury, Eccleshall, Caverswall, Heyleigh, Lichfield, Chesterton, N ~w castle, Stourton, and Audley, some of which have absolutely disappeared, whilst others frown formidably even in their ruin. -
The Diocese of Sodor Between N I Ð Aróss and Avignon – Rome, 1266
Theð diocese of Sodor between Ni aróss and Avignon – Rome, 1266-1472 Sarah E. Thomas THE organisation and administration of the diocese of Sodor has been discussed by a number of scholars, either jointly with Argyll or in relation to 1 ð Norway. In 1266 the diocese of Sodor or Su reyjar encompassed the Hebrides and the Isle of Man, but by the end of the fourteenth century, it was divided between the Scottish Hebrides and English Man. The diocese’s origins lay in the Norseð kingdom of the Isles and Man and its inclusion in the province of Ni aróss can be traced back to the actions of Olaf 2 Godredsson in the 1150s.ð After the Treaty of Perth of 2 July 1266, Sodor remained within the Ni aróss church province whilst secular sovereignty 3 and patronage of the see had been transferred to the King of Scots. However, wider developments in the Christian world and the transfer of allegiance of Hebridean secular ðrulers from Norway to Scotland after 1266 would loosen Sodor’s ties to Ni aróss. This article examines the diocese of Sodor’s relationship with its metropolitan and the rather neglected area of its developing links with the papacy. It argues that the growing 1 A.I. Dunlop, ‘Notes on the Church in the Dioceses of Sodor and Argyll’, Records of the Scottish Church History Society 16 (1968) [henceforth RSCHS]; I.B. Cowan, ‘The Medieval Church in Argyll and the Isles’, RSCHS 20 (1978-80); A.D.M. Barrell, ‘The church in the West Highlands in the late middle ages’, Innes Review 54 (2003); A. -
Index to Engravings in the Proceedings of the Society Of
/ r / INDEX SOCIETY. E> OCCASIONAL INDEXES. I. INDEX TO ENGRAVINGS IN THE I PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES. BY EDWARD PEACOCK, F.S.A. V -Λ\’ LONDON: PUBLISHED FOR THE INDEX SOCIETY BY FARRAR & FENTON, 8, JOHN STREET, ADELPHI, W.C. ■·.··* ' i: - ··. \ MDCCCLXXXV. ' Price Half a Crown. 2730130227001326270013022700440227004426 INDEX SOCIETY. T he Council greatly regret that owing to various circum stances the publications have fallen very much behindhand in the order of their publication, but they trust that in the future the Members will have no reason to complain on this score. The Index of Obituary Notices for 1882 is ready and will be in the Members’ hands immediately. The Index for 1883 is nearly ready, and this with the Index to Archaeological Journals and Transactions, upon which Mr. Gomme has been engaged for some time, will complete the publications for 1884. The Index of the Biographical and Obituary Notices in the Gentleman’s Magazine for the first fifty years, upon which Mr. Farrar is engaged, has occupied an amount of time in revision considerably greater than was expected. This is largely owing to the great differences in the various sets, no two being alike. No one who has not been in the habit of consulting the early volumes of this Magazine con stantly can have any idea of the careless manner in which it was printed and the vast amount of irregularity in the pagination. Mr. Farrar has spared no pains in the revision of these points and the Council confidently expect to be able to present Members with the first volume of this im portant work in the course of the present year (1885). -
A Plan of 1545 for the Fortification of Kelso Abbey | 269
Proc Soc Antiq Scot 141 (2011), 269–278 A PLAN OF 1545 FOR THE FORTIFICATION OF KELSO ABBEY | 269 A plan of 1545 for the fortification of Kelso Abbey Richard Fawcett* ABSTRACT It has long been known from surviving correspondence that the Italian gunfounder Archangelo Arcano prepared two drawings illustrating proposals for the fortification of Kelso Abbey, following its capture by the English army under the leadership of the Earl of Hertford in 1545. It had been assumed those drawings had been lost. However, one of them has now been identified and is here published, together with a brief discussion of what it can tell us about the abbey in the mid-16th century. The purpose of this contribution is to bring to in fact, represent that abbey (Atherton 1995– wider attention a pre-Reformation plan that 6), though there was then no basis for offering had for long been thought to represent Burton- an alternative identification. on-Trent Benedictine Abbey, but that has It was Nicholas Cooper who established recently been identified by Nicholas Cooper the connection between the drawing and as a proposal of 1545 for fortifying Kelso’s a hitherto presumed lost proposal for the Tironensian Abbey. The plan in question fortification of Kelso, when he was working (RIBA 69226) was among a small number of on the architectural activities of William Paget papers deposited by the Marquess of Anglesey at Burton-on-Trent for a paper to be delivered with the Royal Institute of British Architects, to the Society of Antiquaries of London.2 whose collections are now absorbed into the Proposals for fortifying Kelso were known Drawings and Archives Collections of the to have been drawn by the Italian gunfounder Victoria and Albert Museum.