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Sow with Her Cub This Past Summer Two Bears Were Seen Regularly

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Sow with Her Cub This Past Summer Two Bears Were Seen Regularly VOLUMEVOLUME 6 6 WINTERWINTERWINTER 2013/2013/ 2016/2017 20142014 This past summer two bears were seen regularly along the Chilkoot River during the day and up to thirteen different bears foraged there in the evenings. The bear nicknamed Speedy was back again with her cubs from 2015 as well as a new sow and cub not previously seen. Once again the human visitors enjoyed countless hours watching and photographing the bear families gain important weight on the Chilkoot's abundant grasses, roots, salmon and berries. Along with the Alaska State Parks, we held guide training in early May. The Foundation again worked with the Alaska State Parks to have volunteers along the Chilkoot River to help monitor and control human/bear activity. We contributed money to help pay the salaries of two Park bear monitors. We focused on education and public outreach at our booth during the Southeast Alaska State Fair. The weekly summer Farmer's Market was a new place we had a presence to disseminate information about bears and sell merchandise that helps us pay for projects we support. In November and Page 1: December we had tables at the Alaska Bald Eagle Festival as well as local Christmas Winter Solstice bazaars. In December, Pam Randles was on the KHNS program Lynn Canal Voice. Page 2: The program discussed management issues along the Chilkoot River Corridor. Foundation Activities Pick/Click Give The Alaska State Parks hired two monitors for the corridor this summer. The Alaska Page 3: Department of Natural Resources installed a gate along the road in early November (see Tourist’s Corner article on page 3). Chilkoot Road Gate Page 4: Bears of SuMMer BMJ Not Seen In 2016 The Bear Facts Page 5: Bear Research Loaner Fence ReMinder Speedy With One of Her Cubs Sow With Her Cub Page 6: Merchandise for Sale Shaking Off Water Chilkoot Lake Bear Tracts Winter 2016/2017, Page 2 Foundation Activities Annual Guide Training with State Parks We believe that the best way to preserve the gifts of the Chilkoot and to resolve issues is to work cooperatively with the diverse interests that have a stake in the Chilkoot. Pam Randles at the Tom McGuire at a Farmer’s Market Christmas Bazaar Julie Folta during the Children's Hour at the Haines Public Help me by joining the Alaska Chilkoot Bear Foundation PFD Charitable Contributions Program Giving has never been so easy! When you apply for your Permanent Fund Dividend, you will have an opportunity to give to your favorite Alaska nonprofit organizations. The PFD Charitable Contributions Program began with the 2009 dividend. It provides a safe, secure and easy way to make a donation, and is available to all Alaskans who file on-line. When you go online to apply for your dividend, you will see the option called “The Gift of Giving.” Chose the amount you would like to donate. You can find more information about the program, including frequently asked questions at http://www .pickclickgive.org. Bear Tracts Winter 2016/2017, Page 3 Tourist’s Corner Mark Tolcher, SouthaMpton, England: We specifically arranged to visit Haines on our Alaska / Yukon road trip as we had heard about the possibility to see bears fishing in the river. The experience surpassed our expectations and it was one of the highlights of the trip to be able to get a glimpse of the lives of these magnificent creatures. It was great to see the local community so involved in protecting their way of life while supporting the tourism in the area to allow people to remain safe. Mark Bunday, SouthaMpton, England: Never thought we’d get that close to bears during our trip to Alaska. And glad to see volunteers to protect us and more importantly the bears. As I’m sure they love to visit this spot and eat themselves silly on the fish. A magical experience and one I will never forget. The Alaska DepartMent of Natural Resources Installs Gate On The Chilkoot Lake Road In early November, the Alaska Department of Natural Resources (DNR) installed a gate along the Chilkoot Lake Road. The installation is separate from the infrastructure they propose to install in the future. Haines State Park Ranger Travis Russell said, since the DNR took over management of the road from the Department of Transportation, this is the first step in managing it. At a December Haines Planning Commission meeting Travis, via phone, said, “The reason the gate went in is so that if there is an emergency out there, where we would need to restrict access, we have the ability to close it. So it is simply a management tool.” At that same meeting, the Southeast Alaska State Parks Superintendent Mike Eberhardt, via phone, said now that the DNR is managing the road, they have a responsibility to make sure it is safe. He said this is not a unique situation. Installation of the gate would have happened regardless of whether they were making more improvements. He went on to say, “As we take over management of the Chilkoot road, it is no longer an open general public road, it is now a park road, we put a gate on it. This is a safety measure that we do on all of our controlled facilities.” Bear Tracts Winter 2016/2017, Page 4 The Bears of Summer Speedy(Bear 235) Speedy’s Cubs Bear from Last Summer New Sow and Cub BMJ Not Seen In 2016 This was the first year that BMJ (Bear 443) was not seen along the Chilkoot River. She was seldom seen along the river in 2014 and 2015. She was born in 1989 and had about 16 cubs. In 2016, she would have been 27 years old. Grizzly bears usually live between 20 to 25 years so BMJ was two years older than this age range. It is not known if she is alive or not. The Winter 2011/2012 Bear Tracts had a resolution honoring BMJ. 2011 2013 2015 The Bear Facts Many visitors ask about the white collar on some of the bear cubs along the river. It is a natal (birth) collar. Not all grizzly cubs have them. They usually disappear after the first year. Occasionally, the collar may be faint the second year. Bear Tracts Winter 2016/2017, Page 5 Bear Research Anthony Crupi and his staff, with the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, began a study in 2008 to examine brown bear habitat use patterns along the lower Chilkoot River. We captured 3 female brown bears and affixed GPS equipped radio collars to collect locations at 30 minute intervals. We monitored activity from 2008–2014 and collected over 51,000 animal locations. Brown bears selected habitats that provided cover and seasonal food resources, 42 locations occurred in a closed forest, 14in a graminoid habitat (i.e., grasses, sedges, rushes), and 12in water where bears fish for salmon. Conservation of riparian stream habitats has been shown to be important to bears which depend upon salmon to store energy resources needed to meet the demands of hibernation and cub production. We found that the majority bear activity during late summer (68) and autumn (60) occurred within 500 meters of the lower Chilkoot River. When including Chilkoot Lake, Ferebee River, and their tributaries, more than 80 of all bear locations were within 500 meters of anadromous waters; a clear indication of the importance of salmon. In contrast, more than 90of spring and early summer bear activity occurred away from the lower Chilkoot River. During spring and early summer, bears concentrated their foraging activities in open habitats (i.e, graminoid, beach, open forest, and shrub habitats) that produce abundant herbaceous vegetation, roots, and berries which are consumed by bears to meet energetic requirements. We compared nocturnal and diurnal foraging patterns of various cohorts to help inform management planning efforts along the lower Chilkoot River. Subadult females, bear 233, at 2–3 years old, and bear 235, at 4 years old, accessed the river during the daytime and mostly avoided the river after dark, presumably to minimize antagonistic interactions with more dominant bears. Adult single females tended to avoid human activity, as 235 in 2009, 2012, and 2014, and 443 in 2012 and 2013, primarily foraged at night along the west bank of the river, on the east river bank below Chilkoot Lake, and at the mouth of the river in the estuary. At times they were active in the daytime, and their activity was distributed on both sides of the river, but most often they used daybed resting sites in the forest. These same female bears utilized the river differently in the years they reared cubs. When these bears raised cubs they foraged in many of these same locations, however, they shifted their activity to a more diurnal pattern and retreated to the cover of the forest at night. Daytime activity of these family groups was fairly pronounced along all stretches of the river. Brown bear home range size was evaluated to assess resource needs. We found that bear 235 had the largest home range at 100 kilometers, followed by bear 233 with a 91 kilometer home range, compared to bear 443 who maintained a relatively small home range of 37 kilometers (see photo below). The size of these female home ranges was considerably smaller than recent estimates in nearby study areas in Yakutat and Berner’s Bay, though sample size was also smaller. Adult female home range size was dependent upon reproductive status. Bear 235’s home range size was only 14 kilometers when she reared 2 cubs their first year, a result of reduced cub mobility.
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