American Mineralogist, Volume 104, pages 1062–1063, 2019

Memorial of Paul Brian Moore 1940–2019

Frank C. Hawthorne1,*, Anthony R. Kampf2, and Richard Hervig3

1Geological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada 2Mineral Sciences Department, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90007, U.SA. 3School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-6004, U.S.A.

Paul Moore died on March 2, 2019, in Houston, Texas, and Science lost the greatest mineralogist of the 20th Century. Paul excelled at structural crystallography, crystal chemistry, descriptive mineralogy, and mineral paragenesis, and was the first scientist to combine the results of these approaches into a deeper understanding of minerals sensu late. Paul Brian Moore was born on November 24, 1940, in Stam- ford, Connecticut. At the age of nine, he moved to New Jersey, and three years later he was captured by the world of minerals. He became an enthusiastic field collector of minerals, particularly at Franklin and Sterling Hill in New Jersey. Paul never ceased to stress the significance of field studies and the importance of amateur mineralogists to the advancement of science. At eighteen, he went to Michigan College of Mining and Technology to study mining engineering but soon became more interested in mathematics, physics, and chemistry. After receiving his B.S. in Chemistry in 1962, he moved to the University of Chicago to do graduate work Paul Brian Moore, 1974. (Color online.) and became associated with Joe , who recognized Paul’s brilliance. He flourished in this environment and completed his identified the [[6]MΦ ] chain of corner-sharing octahedra as present Ph.D. in two and a half years. An NSF Fellowship enabled him 5 in many phosphate, sulfate, and silicate minerals, and showed how to go to the Swedish Natural History Museum in Stockholm to decoration by tetrahedrally coordinated oxyanion groups could lead work on minerals from Långban, a setting similar to his favorite to stereoisomerism that gives rise to a plethora of related atomic Franklin and Sterling Hill localities. Following this, Paul returned arrangements. However, instead of just comparing these structures, to the University of Chicago as a faculty member, attaining the Paul derived all the different ways in which tetrahedra can deco- rank of Full Professor at the early age of thirty-two. He was a Life rate this type of chain, producing a scheme that not only included Fellow of the Mineralogical Society of America, and in 1973, he all known structures of this type but also predicted all possible received the MSA Award for outstanding published contributions structures that can occur (subject to some boundary conditions). to mineralogy before the age of thirty-five. Three years later, he Paul also showed how these chains could cross- into sheet and received a Fellowship from the Alexander Humboldt Foundation framework structures and went on to solve the crystal structures of to work in Germany for six months. many minerals containing this chain. Later discoveries by many Paul was a prolific describer of new minerals, particularly from other mineralogical crystallographers attest to the pioneering nature Långban, from the Palermo No.1 pegmatite (New Hampshire), and of this work. Three years later, Paul produced a masterful exegesis from the granitic pegmatites of the Black Hills ( Dakota). For of the calcium orthosilicates and alkali sulfates (Moore 1973a), him, the description of a new mineral had to involve the solution colorfully entitled “Bracelets and Pinwheels: A Topological- of its crystal structure, and his almost incandescent enthusiasm Geometrical Approach...” that again examined isomerism in linked for these new atomic arrangements corruscates from the papers polyhedra as a basis for structural understanding. In 1974, Paul involving their description. His early involvement with both basic considered the question of clusters of nearest-neighbor octahedra minerals of Långban-Franklin and acid late-stage minerals of gra- (Moore 1974): he showed that there are 144 topologically distinct nitic pegmatites gave him a wide appreciation of crystal structures, clusters, derived their stoichiometries, and noted that those that and he rapidly developed penetrating insights into the general occur in crystal structures tend to have maximal point symmetry atomic arrangements of minerals. His paper (Moore 1965) on a and a minimum of [1]-coordinated vertices. structural classification of the basic iron-orthophosphate-hydrate Paul introduced the idea that one may deductively examine minerals broke new ground in quantitatively relating structural the possible ways in which polyhedra may link together from a arrangement to chemical composition and, for the first time, em- purely topological perspective, an approach that introduces links phasized the importance of understanding the different roles of H O 2 between structures that have hitherto been seen only as vaguely in crystal structures. In a paper of true elegance (Moore 1970), he similar, and puts their similarities and differences on a quantita- *E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], and richard.hervig@ tive basis. The work outlined above transformed our approach to asu.edu. dealing with the crystal structures of minerals, for example, how

0003-004X/19/0007–1062$05.00/DOI: https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2019-m690 1062 HAWTHORNE ET AL.: MEMORIAL OF PAUL MOORE 1063 to identify their most important features and how to relate them to each other. Paul then took the next crucial step: he began to relate crystal structure arrangements to paragenesis. His 1973 paper in the Mineralogical Record (Moore 1973b) “Pegmatite phosphates: Descriptive mineralogy and crystal chemistry” assigns phosphate minerals first into “primary” and “secondary” divisions and then into subdivisions according to the mechanisms of formation, devel- ops a detailed paragenetic scheme, and correlates aspects of their structural connectivities with paragenetic sequence. This seminal paper illuminated the way to a more complete understanding of the factors affecting the crystallization of minerals and has significantly influenced work over the last 45 years. In the early 1970s, Paul became associated with Takaharu Araki and their collaboration saw the solution of some of the most spectacular mineral structures known to science, e.g., cacoxenite (Fig. 1), steenstrupine, and mitridatite. It is also worthy of note that Paul solved these structures before the advent of routine structure solution using direct methods. Rather, he commonly used Patterson Figure 1. The crystal structure of cacoxenite. Red = PO4 tetrahedra; maps, which require sophisticated mental gymnastics to apply to = AlO6 octahedra; yellow = FeO6 octahedra. (Color online.) the solution of complex structures. Paul was a gifted communicator who took his job as a profes- was not accepted by a scientific society on the grounds that Paul sor very seriously, and he was awarded the Quantrell Award for was too unstable to be given the to speak in public. excellence in undergraduate teaching by the University of Chicago. Paul retired early from the University of Chicago and moved It was impossible to be bored by him; he would explain both to Warwick, New York, to a property where years before he had simple and complex ideas with the same irrepressible enthusiasm rediscovered the site of the original discovery of warwickite. for their intellectual beauty. He was expert in the use of scientific After several years, diminishing financial resources forced him equipment such as optical goniometers, petrographic microscopes, to sell the property and move in with his younger sister Lauren and Gandolfi, Weissenburg, and precession X-ray cameras, and in Spring, Texas, for several years. Since 2015, he was living he ensured that his students developed this expertise. Paul was in a senior assisted-living establishment in Houston, Texas. In always approachable, whether sharing a drink with graduate his later years, he suffered from various physical conditions, the students at Jimmy’s (just off-campus) or collecting minerals with most serious of which was Parkinsonism. Nevertheless, he never them in the field. stopped working on problems involving crystal structures and Paul was an accomplished organist and had an organ in his would occasionally phone or email colleagues to discuss them. apartment close to the University of Chicago where he played Two of his last publications were on the new Långban mineral music of the Baroque and Romantic periods. He was even known philolithite, including its description (Kampf et al. 1998) and its to give impromptu “recitals” on the wondrous pipe organ at the crystal structure (Moore et al. 2000). The name philolithite is de- University’s Rockefeller Memorial Chapel. He was a fanatical rived from the Greek φίλος (philos), “friend”, and λίθος (lithos), butterfly collector and a member of the Lepidopterists Society, “stone”, in honor of the Friends of Mineralogy; it is extremely and traveled to New Guinea and Peru on extended collecting appropriate that these were two of Paul’s final scientific publica- expeditions. On one occasion, he returned from New Guinea to tions, as he himself was one of Mineralogy’s greatest friends. North America with butterfly larvae taped to his body to keep Paul Moore was a brilliantly successful scientist and a flamboy- them warm, and he hatched them in the facilities of the university. ant, but ultimately tragic figure. We will give him an epitaph that he Paul suffered from bipolar disorder, a condition he shared would have appreciated: Magister Ludi of the Glass Bead Game. with many eccentric geniuses before him (e.g., Isaac , References cited Charles Dickens, Ludwig van Beethoven, Vincent van Gogh). Kampf, A.R., Moore, P.B., Jonsson, E.J., and Swihart, G.H. (1998) Philolithite, a new He took lithium for most of his adult life, often self-medicating mineral from Långban, Värmland, Sweden. Mineralogical Record, 29, 201–206. in attempts to extend the periods of mania and curtail the periods Moore, P.B. (1965) A structural classification of Fe-Mn orthophosphate hydrates. of depression, and it amused him that he needed an element that American Mineralogist, 50, 2052–2062. Moore, P.B. (1970) Structural hierarchies among minerals containing octahedrally is an important constituent of many granitic pegmatites. coordinating oxygens: I. Stereoisomerism among corner-sharing octahedral and In 1977, Paul was involved in a car accident in which he tetrahedral chains. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie Monatshafte, 163–173. Moore, P.B. (1973a) Bracelets and pinwheels: A topological-geometrical approach to the was thrown from an open Jeep and suffered a severe concus- calcium orthosilicate and alkali sulfate structures. American Mineralogist, 58, 32–42. sion. He was unconscious for several weeks and remained in Moore, P.B. (1973b) Pegmatite Phosphates: Descriptive Mineralogy and Crystal Chem- the hospital for an extended period. The road back was slow istry. Mineralogical Record, 4, 103–130. Moore, P.B. (1974) Structural hierarchies among minerals containing octahedrally and difficult for Paul; eventually, he largely recovered physi- coordinating oxygen; II, Systematic retrieval and classification of octahedral edge- cally, but his psyche was indelibly altered. Through the 1980s sharing clusters: an epistemological approach. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie and early 1990s, Paul became more and more troubled by his Abhandlungen, 120, 205–227. Moore, P.B., Kampf, A.R., and Sen Gupta, P.K. (2000) The crystal structure of philo- psychological issues and less and less accepted by the aca- lithite, a trellis-like open framework based on cubic closest-packing of anions. demic establishment. Indeed, a nomination for a major medal American Mineralogist 85, 818–825.

American Mineralogist, vol. 104, 2019 American Mineralogist: Learn More Editors: Don Baker, Hongwu Xu, and Ian Swainson

We invite you to submit for publication(Contents continued fromthe front cover) results of 16

1659 Electronic transitions of iron in almandine-composition 1679 What is the actual structure of samarskite-(Y)? A TEM 7 original scientific researchin theglass to 91 GPa general fieldsinvestigation of metamictof samarskite frommineral the Garnet Codera - Susannah M. Dorfman, Sian E. Dutton, Vasily Potapkin, dike pegmatite (Central Italian Alps) Aleksandr I. Chumakov, Jean-Pascal Rueff, Paul Chow, Yuming Xiao, Gian Carlo Capitani, Enrico Mugnaioli, and Alessandro Guastoni Robert J. Cava, Thomas S. Duffy, Catherine A. McCammon, and 1691 Detection of liquid H2O in vapor bubbles in reheated melt Philippe Gillet inclusions: Implications for magmatic fluid composition and volatile budgets of magmas? 1668 Interstratification of graphene-like carbon layers within ogy, crystallography, geochemistry, and petrology.Rosario Esposito, Hector M. Lamadrid, Specific Daniele , Matthew Steele -MacInnis, black talc from Southeastern China: Implications to Robert J. Bodnar, Craig E. Manning, Benedetto De Vivo, Claudia Cannatelli, and sedimentary talc formation Annamaria Lima Chengxiang Li, Rucheng Wang, Huifang Xu, Xiancai Lu, Hiromi Konishi, 1708 ERRATUM and Kun He 1709 NEW MINERAL NAMES Vol. 101, No. 7 Journal of Earth and Planetary Materials areas of coverage include, but are not restricted to, igneous July 2016 LETTERS CHEMISTRY AND MINERALOGY OF EARTH’S MANTLE 1696 Interface coupled dissolution-reprecipitation in garnet 1560 Incorporation of Fe2+ and Fe3+ in bridgmanite during magma from subducted granulites and ultrahigh-pressure rocks ocean crystallization revealed by phosphorous, sodium, and titanium zonation Asmaa Boujibar, Nathalie Bolfan-Casanova, Denis Andrault, M. Ali Bouhifd, and metamorphic petrology, experimental mineralogy and Jay J. Ague and Jennifer A. Axler and Nicolas Trcera 1700 Discreditation of diomignite and its petrologic implications SPECIAL COLLECTION: MECHANISMS, RATES, AND TIMESCALES OF GEOCHEMICAL TRANSPORT

American Mineralogist Alan J. Anderson 1704 Accurate determination of ferric iron in garnets PROCESSES IN THE CRUST AND MANTLE Ryan J. Quinn, John W. Valley, F. Zeb Page, and John H. Fournelle 1571 Hydrogen diffusion in Ti-doped forsterite and the preservation petrology, crystal chemistry and crystal-structure determi- of metastable point defects HIGHLIGHTS AND BREAKTHROUGHS Michael C. Jollands, José Alberto Padrón-Navarta, Jörg Hermann, and Hugh St.C. O’Neill 1497 New evidence for lunar basalt metasomatism by underlying regolith John F. Pernet-Fisher CROSSROADS IN EARTH AND PLANETARY MATERIALS 1584 Mineralogy of paloverde (Parkinsonia microphylla) tree ash nations, mineral spectroscopy, mineral physics, isotope 1499 Alunite on Kathleen C. Benison from the Sonoran Desert: A combined field and laboratory study Laurence A.J Garvie SPECIAL COLLECTION: MARTIAN ROCKS AND MINERALS: PERSPECTIVES FROM ROVERS, ORBITERS, AND METEORITES mineralogy, planetary materials, clay minerals, mineral 1501 Constraints on iron sulfate and iron oxide mineralogy from ARTICLES ChemCam visible/near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy of 1596 D-poor hydrogen in lunar mare basalts assimilated from lunar Mt. Sharp basal units, Crater, Mars regolith Jeffrey R. Johnson, James F. Bell III, Steve Bender, Diana Blaney, Allan H. Treiman, Jeremy W. Boyce, James P. Greenwood, John M. Eiler, Edward Cloutis, Bethany Ehlmann, Abigail Fraeman, Olivier Gasnault, Juliane Gross, Yunbin Guan, Chi Ma, and Edward M. Stolper Kjartan Kinch, Stéphane Le Mouélicic, Sylvestre Maurice, Elizabeth Rampe, surfaces, environmental mineralogy, biomineralization, David Vaniman, and Roger C. Wiens 1604 Mineral chemistry and petrogenesis of a HFSE(+HREE) occurrence, peripheral to carbonatites of the Bear Lodge 1515 Esperance: Multiple episodes of aqueous alteration involving alkaline complex, Wyoming fracture fills and coatings at Matijevic Hill, Mars Benton C. , Richard V. Morris, Kenneth E. Herkenhoff, Allen K. Andersen, James G. Clark, Peter B. Larson, and Owen K. Neill William H. Farrand, Ralf Gellert, Bradley L. Jolliff, Raymond E. Arvidson, 1624 Formation of the lunar highlands Mg-suite as told by spinel Steven W. Squyres, David W. Mittlefehldt, Douglas W. Ming, and Tabb C. Prissel, Stephen W. Parman, and James W. Head descriptive mineralogy and new mineral descriptions, min- Albert S. Yen 1636 Vaterite: Interpretation in terms of OD theory and its next of kin 1527 Discovery of alunite in Cross crater, Terra Sirenum, Mars: Emil Makovicky Evidence for acidic, sulfurous waters Bethany L. Ehlmann, Gregg A. Swayze, Ralph E. Milliken, 1642 Metastable structural transformations and pressure-induced John F. Mustard, Roger N. Clark, Scott L. Murchie, George N. Breit, amorphization in natural (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 olivine under static eral occurrences and deposits, petrography and petrogene- James J. Wray, Brigitte Gondet, Francois Poulet, John Carter, compression: A Raman spectroscopic study Wendy M. Calvin, William M. Benzel, and Kimberly D. Seelos David Santamaria-Perez, Andrew Thomson, Alfredo Segura, Julio Pellicer-Torres, Francisco J. Manjon, Furio Corà, Kit McColl, SPECIAL COLLECTION: PERSPECTIVES ON ORIGINS AND EVOLUTION OF CRUSTAL Mark Wilson, David Dobson, and Paul F. McMillan MAGMAS 1651 High-pressure compressibility and thermal expansion of sis, and novel applications of mineralogical apparatus and 1543 Granitoid magmas preserved as melt inclusions in high-grade aragonite Vol. metamorphic rocks Sarah E.M. Palaich, Robert A. Heffern, Michael Hanfland, Andrea Lausi, 101 Omar Bartoli, Antonio Acosta-Vigil, Silvio Ferrero, and Bernardo Cesare Abby Kavner, Craig E. Manning, and Marco Merlini

SPONSORING BENEFACTORS Gemological Institute of America CONTRIBUTING BENEFACTORS Pages Cargille Laboratories Vulcan Materials—Corporate Office Bruker AXS Inc. (WI) 1497– technique. Am Min offers many special collectionsW.R. Grace & Co. and Excalibur Mineral Corporation 1716 AMMIAY 101(0007)1497–1716 ISSN 0003-004X (print) ISSN 1945-3027 (Online) (Contents continued on outside back cover) new paper types such as Highlights and Breakthoughs.

Submit your paper: https://aminsubmissions.msubmit.net

Information on manuscript preparation: http://www.minsocam.org/MSA/AmMin/Instructions.html

Am Min website http://www.minsocam.org/msa/AmMin/AmMineral.html

Quick Facts • Average submission-to-acceptance time averages ~3 months • MSA member authors qualify for free online color • Read special collections, Highlights and Breakthroughs, and more • Paper Highlights are noted each issue via the MSA talk list, Facebook, and Am Min web page • Publish with us for high-quality, fast publication, with availability and visiblity worldwide • Full array of the latest publishing options: e.g., Open access options (both Green and ), early publication, reprints, and e-links are all available • Letters papers submission to acceptance time averages ~2 months • Impact Factor 2017: 2.65

Editorial and submission help available at [email protected]