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ABSTRACT Savannah Dehart. BRACTEATES AS INDICATORS OF
ABSTRACT Savannah DeHart. BRACTEATES AS INDICATORS OF NORTHERN PAGAN RELIGIOSITY IN THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES. (Under the direction of Michael J. Enright) Department of History, May 2012. This thesis investigates the religiosity of some Germanic peoples of the Migration period (approximately AD 300-800) and seeks to overcome some difficulties in the related source material. The written sources which describe pagan elements of this period - such as Tacitus’ Germania, Bede’s Ecclesiastical History of the English People, and Paul the Deacon’s History of the Lombards - are problematic because they were composed by Roman or Christian authors whose primary goals were not to preserve the traditions of pagans. Literary sources of the High Middle Ages (approximately AD 1000-1400) - such as The Poetic Edda, Snorri Sturluson’s Prose Edda , and Icelandic Family Sagas - can only offer a clearer picture of Old Norse religiosity alone. The problem is that the beliefs described by these late sources cannot accurately reflect religious conditions of the Early Middle Ages. Too much time has elapsed and too many changes have occurred. If literary sources are unavailing, however, archaeology can offer a way out of the dilemma. Rightly interpreted, archaeological evidence can be used in conjunction with literary sources to demonstrate considerable continuity in precisely this area of religiosity. Some of the most relevant material objects (often overlooked by scholars) are bracteates. These coin-like amulets are stamped with designs that appear to reflect motifs from Old Norse myths, yet their find contexts, including the inhumation graves of women and hoards, demonstrate that they were used during the Migration period of half a millennium earlier. -
Undercurrents of German Influence in Maryland,” a Word of Explanation Is Necessary
UNDERCURRENTS OF 1 GERMAN INFLUENCE IN MARYLAND he Society for the History of the Germans in Maryland celebrates tonight the twenty fifth anniversary of its foundation. It is but nat Tural to pause a moment and reflect upon what has been done before passing on to renewed endeavor. What has the Society been able to accomplish in the first quarter century of its existence? The answer can readily be given. The Society has rescued from oblivion the names and records of noble pioneers in American history, it has searched for and discovered the traces, south of Mason and Dixon’s line, of that sturdy Teutonic stock, which has contributed to the people of the United States more than one quarter of their blood and no less to their economic and cultural develop ment. To speak more specifically, the Society has shown that the eco nomic foundation and commercial prosperity of the city of Baltimore was dependent, vastly and indispensably, upon German settlers, many of whom trekked from Pennsylvania, others came from over the sea, and were founders of families prominent in the annals of the city. The Society has called attention to the German pioneers of Western Maryland, in the Counties Frederick, Allegany, and Washington. Hagerstown, once the westernmost settlement, perpetuates the name of the original settler, Jonathan Hager, who held a seat in the Colonial Assembly of provincial Maryland. As in Pennsylvania so in Western Maryland the German stock before the Revolutionary War founded the agricultural prosperity of the Commonwealth of Maryland. The Society has searched archives and church records, made available historical materials, and its reports and publications are to be found in every library that makes any pretensions to storing adequately the sources of American history. -
American Political Thought: Readings and Materials Keith E. Whittington
American Political Thought: Readings and Materials Keith E. Whittington Index of Materials for Companion Website 2. The Colonial Era, Before 1776 II. Democracy and Liberty John Adams, Letter to James Sullivan (1776) John Cotton, The Bloudy Tenent Washed and Made White (1647) John Cotton, Letter to Lord Say and Seal (1636) Jacob Duche, The Duty of Standing Fast in Our Spiritual and Temporal Liberties (1775) Massachusetts Body of Liberties (1641) James Otis, Rights of the British Colony Asserted and Proved (1764) Elisha Williams, The Essential Rights and Liberties of Protestants (1744) Roger Williams, The Bloudy Tenent Yet More Bloudy (1652) John Winthrop, Arbitrary Government Described (1644) John Winthrop, A Defense of an Order of Court (1637) John Winthrop, Defense of the Negative Vote (1643) III. Citizenship and Community Agreement among the Settlers of Exeter, New Hampshire (1639) Combination of the Inhabitants of the Piscataqua River for Government (1641) Robert Cushman, The Sin and Danger of Self-Love (1621) Fundamental Agreement, or Original Constitution of the Colony of New Haven (1639) Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639) Patrick Henry, Give Me Liberty Speech (1775) William Livingston, “The Vanity of Birth and Titles” (1753) Oath of a Freeman in Massachusetts Bay (1632) Thomas Tryon, The Planter’s Speech to His Neighbors and Countrymen (1684) IV. Equality and Status Address of the Mechanics of New York City (1776) Jonathan Boucher, Sermon on the Peace (1763) Charles Inglis, The True Interest of America (1776) William Knox, Three Tracts Respecting the Conversion (1768) William Byrd, Letter to Lord Egmont (1736) Samuel Sewall, The Selling of Joseph (1700) John Saffin, A Brief and Candid Answer (1701) John Woolman Some Considerations on Keeping Negroes (1762) V. -
Indiana Magazine of History
INDIANA MAGAZINE OF HISTORY ’Volume XLV SEPTEMBER,1949 Number 3 The Heroic Age of the Social Sciences Robert S. Fletcher* History, political theory, and economics were not wholly neglected even in the colonial colleges. But history was chiefly treated as the handmaiden of theology and the Greek and Latin classics, while economic and political matters were dealt with in the courses in moral philosophy and ethics. The American Revolution and the experience of constitu- tion-making gave a great impetus to the study of politics. In 1779, Thomas Jefferson was instrumental in bringing about a notable revision of the curriculum of William and Mary College whereby more emphasis was placed upon political studies; by 1792 a knowIedge of “NationaI Law, Law of Nations, and the general principles of politics” was required for graduation. Other colleges followed this example. In the two succeeding generations the Federalist was listed as a text in many catalogs, and Locke, Rousseau, Montesquieu, and the Declaration of Independence were often included in required reading. New books on moral philosophy appeared with an ex- panded political emphasis. In 1795 a professor at Columbia published a Systematic Treatise on Moral Philosophy: Com- prehending the Law of Nature-Ethics-Natural Jurispru- dence-General Economy-Politics-and the Lnw of Nations which he optimistically hoped would “inflame the American youth with a true love for their country.”’ The first rumblings of the industrial revolution produced a greater emphasis on economics (or political economy, as it wag called). Adam Smith’s famous but wordy and difficult *Robert S. Fletcher is .a member of the history department at Oberlin College, Oberlin Oho. -
Albert Bernhardt Faust
Albert Bernhardt Faust April 20, 1870 — February 8, 1951 Albert Bernhardt Faust, Emeritus Professor of German, died on February 8, 1951, after more than 45 years of association with Cornell University. He was born on April 20, 1870 in Baltimore, Md., where he attended the German Zions School, and where he graduated from Johns Hopkins University in 1889. There, too, he received his Ph. D. degree with a dissertation on Charles Sealsfield. This was his earliest contribution to the study of German- American relations, a field in which he was later to attain a place of great distinction. After a few years’ work at German Universities he became Instructor in German at his alma mater in 1894. Two years later he was appointed Associate Professor at Wesleyan University and, in 1903 Assistant Professor at the University of Wisconsin. He was called to Cornell University in 1904, where he remained until his retirement in 1938 as Assistant Professor and, later, Professor of German. Under his energetic leadership the Department became one of the prominent centers of Germanic studies in America. His life-long membership in several learned societies—the American Historical Association, the Modern Language Association of America, the German Goethe Society, the Steuben Society, the American Dialect Society—suggests the range of his interests: they were historical, literary, and philological. It was as the author of The German Element in the United States that Albert Faust established his solid reputation as a cultural historian: when that work appeared in 1909 it was almost at once recognized as the first comprehensive survey of a subject which, until then, had been regarded as little more than a matter of local, though sometimes zealous, investigation. -
PROFESSIONALIZING ECONOMICS: the 'Marginalist Revolution' in Historical Context Michael A. Bernstein Department of History 0
PROFESSIONALIZING ECONOMICS: The ‘Marginalist Revolution’ in Historical Context Michael A. Bernstein Department of History 0104 University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, California 92093-0104 [USA] [Phone: 858-534-1070] [Fax: 858-534-7283] [[email protected]] 2 Economic analysis, serving for two centuries to win an understanding of the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, has been fobbed off with another bride -- a Theory of Value. There were no doubt deep-seated political reasons for the substitution but there was also a purely technical, intellectual reason. -- Joan Robinson [1956]i If the last years of the nineteenth century witnessed the first, genuine articulation of a professional self-consciousness among American economists, then they also demarcated the establishment of an altogether novel protocol for those experts. This new agenda, developed with increasing rigor and authority as the twentieth century beckoned, began a significant reorientation of the field's object of study while at the same time it reconfigured long-standing perceptions of the history of economic thought as a whole. Scientific sophistication necessarily involved a revision of practice, yet it also encouraged the articulation of new perceptions of its pedigree.ii Linking the object of study with particular and venerable authorities from the ages was of singular importance to the successful construction of a distinctly professional knowledge. Framing that understanding in a particular way was the result of both a social and an intellectual process. With their most apparent and seemingly immediate intellectual roots in the moral philosophy of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, modern economists were (and are) eager to invoke validation by impressive forebears and traditions. -
Microfilmed 1996 Information to Users
UMI MICROFILMED 1996 INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note wilt indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Bach original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zed> Road, Ann Aibor MI 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/321-0600 LESSONS FOR THE DESIGN OF INTERCONNECTION PRICING POLICY IN THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY: A POLICY LEARNING APPROACH DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Hyon Kun Kwok, B.A., M.P.A. -
Walton Hamilton, Amherst, and the Brookings
WALTON HAMILTON, AMHERST, AND THE BROOKINGS GRADUATE SCHOOL: INSTITUTIONAL ECONOMICS AND EDUCATION. Malcolm Rutherford University of Victoria (This Draft September 2001) The research for this paper made extensive use of the Brookings Institution Archives, and the Walton Hamilton papers at the Tarlton Law Library at the University of Texas. I also benefited from access to the Archives of the War Labor Policies Board at the National Archives, College Park, Maryland; the Morris A Copeland and Carter Goodrich papers at the Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Columbia University; the Clarence Ayres papers at the Center for American History at the University of Texas; the H. C. Adams and I. Leo Sharfman papers at the Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan; the Isador Lubin, Rexford Tugwell, and Mordecai Ezekiel papers at the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, New York, and the Archives of the Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial at the Rockefeller Archive Center, Sleepy Hollow, New York. My thanks also to the Amherst College Archives and Special Collections for information on course offerings, to my research assistant, Cristobal Young, for biographical research, and to Mark Perlman, Robert Whaples, Sherry Kasper, Roger Backhouse, and Julian Reiss for useful information and comments. Any errors are my responsibility. This research has been supported by a Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada Research Grant (project # 410-99-0465). 1 1. Introduction This paper is a small part of a larger project concerning the -
Transatlantic Migration and the Politics of Belonging, 1919-1939
W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects Summer 2016 Between Third Reich and American Way: Transatlantic Migration and the Politics of Belonging, 1919-1939 Christian Wilbers College of William and Mary - Arts & Sciences, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the American Studies Commons Recommended Citation Wilbers, Christian, "Between Third Reich and American Way: Transatlantic Migration and the Politics of Belonging, 1919-1939" (2016). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1499449834. http://doi.org/10.21220/S2JD4P This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Between Third Reich and American Way: Transatlantic Migration and the Politics of Belonging, 1919-1939 Christian Arne Wilbers Leer, Germany M.A. University of Münster, Germany, 2006 A Dissertation presented to the Graduate Faculty of the College of William and Mary in Candidacy for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy American Studies Program The College of William and Mary August 2016 © Copyright by Christian A. Wilbers 2016 ABSTRACT Historians consider the years between World War I and World War II to be a period of decline for German America. This dissertation complicates that argument by applying a transnational framework to the history of German immigration to the United States, particularly the period between 1919 and 1939. The author argues that contrary to previous accounts of that period, German migrants continued to be invested in the homeland through a variety of public and private relationships that changed the ways in which they thought about themselves as Germans and Americans. -
Religion and Evolution in Progressive Era Political Economy: Adversaries Or Allies? Thomas C
Religion and Evolution in Progressive Era Political Economy: Adversaries or Allies? Thomas C. Leonard Of the several influences on early Progressive Era American political economy, two stand out, evangelical Protestantism and evolutionary sci- ence.1 Scholarly and popular accounts alike have tended to make sci- ence and religion antagonists, no more so than with the conflict they find between evangelical Protestantism and evolutionary science, as exem- plified by accounts of the 1925 Scopes trial.2 But evangelical Protestant- ism and evolutionary science comfortably coexisted in Progressive Era American political economy. Leading progressive3 economists, not least Correspondence may be addressed to Thomas C. Leonard, Department of Economics, Fisher Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544; e-mail: [email protected]. This essay benefited from the constructive criticism of several distinguished scholars. I especially wish to acknowledge the comments of Marie Griffith and Wallace Best, as well as those of the participants in the American Religious History seminar at Princeton University. 1. The term evangelical can be elusive. In the nineteenth-century American context it refers less to a specific group or church than to a set of widely held Protestant commitments: (1) the need for conversion (being “born again”), (2) the authority of the Bible, (3) an empha- sis on the sacrifice and resurrection of Jesus Christ, and (4) activism, in the form of mission- ary or social work (Bebbington 1989, 2–3). 2. The concept of religion and science in conflict can be found in late-Victorian-era books such as John William Draper’s History of the Conflict between Science and Religion (1875) and Andrew Dickson White’s A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christen- dom (1896). -
Progressive-Eva Economists and the Intellectual
ENVISIONING THE MODERN AMERICAN FISCAL STATE: PROGRESSIVE-ERA ECONOMISTS AND THE INTELLECTUAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE U.S. INCOME TAX Ajay K. Mehrotra* At the turn of the twentieth century, the U.S. system of public finance underwent a dramatic, structural transformation. The late nineteenth-century system of indirect taxes, associated mainly with the tariff, was eclipsed in the early decades of the twentieth century by a progressive income tax. This shift in U.S. tax policy marked the emergence of a new fiscal polity-one that was guided not simply by the functional and structural need for government revenue but by concerns for equity and economic and socialjustice. This Article explores the paradigm shift in legal and economic theories that undergirded this dramatic shift in U.S. tax policy. More specifically, this Article contends that a particular group of academic economists played a pivotal role in supplanting the "benefits theory" of taxation, and its concomitant vision of the state as a passive protector of private property, with a more equitable principle of taxation based on one's "ability to pay"--a principle that promoted a more active role for the state in the dis- tribution of fiscal burdens. In facilitating this structural transformation, these theorists were able to use the growing concentration of wealth and the ascendancy of new economic ideas as justifications for using a progressive income tax to reallocate the burdens of financing the burgeoning American regulatory, administrative, and welfare state. INTRO D UC TION ........................................................................................................... 1794 I. THE OLD FISCAL ORDER AND ITS GRADUAL DEMISE ........................................... 1803 II. THE PROGRESSIVE PUBLIC FINANCE ECONOMISTS .............................................. -
The Rise of the Modern Phd 241
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342438531 Rise of the Modern PhD Book · July 2020 CITATIONS READS 0 21 1 author: Daniel Hardegger Zurich University of Applied Sciences 39 PUBLICATIONS 0 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE All content following this page was uploaded by Daniel Hardegger on 25 June 2020. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Kopfzeile 1 1 Horst Carl und Joachim Eibach Te Rise of the Modern PhD Vorwort 2 Te Formation of Europe Historische Formationen Europas Band 10 Begründet von Günther Lottes (†) Herausgegeben von Joachim Eibach (Bern, CH), Steven Ellis (Galway, IR), Raingard Esser (Groningen, NL), Agnieszka Pufelska (Lüneburg / Potsdam, D) und Inken Schmidt-Voges (Marburg, D) 3 Horst Carl und Joachim Eibach Daniel Hardegger Te Rise of the Modern PhD PhD Candidates at the University of Berlin and at Columbia University, New York, from 1871 to 1913 Wehrhahn Verlag Vorwort 4 Bibliographical information of the German National Library Te German National Library lists this publication in the German National Bibliography; detailed bibliographical information is available via https://portal.dnb.de. 1st Edition 2020 Wehrhahn Publishing House www.wehrhahn-verlag.de Typesetting and design by the publisher Cover illustration: Te Low Library, Columbia University, New York, 1905; Detroit Publishing Co., Library of Congress Printing and binding: Sowa, Piaseczno Tis OpenAccess publication was supported by the University Library of the Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW) Printed in Europe © by Wehrhahn Verlag, Hannover Tis is an open access publication under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license ISSN 1864-1814 ISBN 978-3-86525-776-5 5 Horst Carl und Joachim Eibach Abstract Tis book describes and analyses the PhD candidates in the Humanities at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Berlin and at Columbia University, New York, from 1871 to 1913 as well as the reforms related to the PhD programs at said institutions.