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Presence of Big Size Ammonites in the Jurassic Olistoliths of Transylvanian Nappe(S) from Rarău Syncline (Eastern Carpathians, Romania)

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Presence of Big Size Ammonites in the Jurassic Olistoliths of Transylvanian Nappe(S) from Rarău Syncline (Eastern Carpathians, Romania) ACTA PALAEONTOLOGICA ROMANIAE V. 6 (2008), P 365-374. PRESENCE OF BIG SIZE AMMONITES IN THE JURASSIC OLISTOLITHS OF TRANSYLVANIAN NAPPE(S) FROM RARĂU SYNCLINE (EASTERN CARPATHIANS, ROMANIA) Paul ŢIBULEAC1 Abstract: Rarău Syncline is known through various ammonite faunas, from Triassic to Early Cretaceous, but only two specimen of large ammonites were quoted until now, respectively from Sinemurian (Bodia Hill) and Aalenian (Moldova slope). The paper added a new fossiliferous point with big size ammonites (Praşca Peak, Sinemurian: Zetoceras bonarelli, Coroniceras (Coroniceras) cf. lyra, C. (Paracoroniceras) sp. etc) and remembered the first two records. Key-words: Big size ammonites, Sinemurian, Aalenian, Rarău Syncline, Transylvanian nappes. 1. General data on big size ammonites raricostatum Taxon-range Zone (Late Three empirical size categories of Sinemurian) and they were always small; other ammonites have been proposed (Stevens, families (e. g. Arititidae) has both large and 1985, 1988): small (with diameter up to 170 normal size exemplaires; mm), medium/big (with diameter between 170 - several taxa could be usually encountered mm and 435 mm) and large (with diameter by large adult specimens in some beyond 435 mm and very rarely greater than 1 biozones/subbiozones; Paracoroniceras or meter. Medium (more frequently) and large Coroniceras (Paracoroniceras) is often ammonites (more rarely) have been collected recorded through big size shells in in many parts of the world from the Late Coroniceras (Coroniceras) lyra Subzone; Devonian to Late Cretaceous, but the reasons - in the same biozones and of their presence in certain beds and biozones paleonvironments there are prevalent large are not obvious. The general rarity of large shells of several taxa and only small ones for ammonites may be due to preservational another; e.g. in the C.(C.) lyra Subzone, with factors (the ammonite shells are very thick), large specimens of C. (Paracoroniceras), the life cycle characteristics, environmental Arnioceras were only small individuals. features etc. Stevens (1988) also showed In conclusion, the relevance of large relationships between the presence of large ammonites for the global and local events isn’t ammonites and eustatic see level fluctuations: yet clearly deduced. the main stratigraphical intervals with such The Paleontology-Stratigraphy collection of ammonites have coincided with sea-level the Geology Department, University changes: Hettangian-Early Sinemurian, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” of Iaşi holds several Bajocian, Kimmeridgian-Tithonian, Late specimens of large ammonites: from the Aptian, Cenomanian-Turonian and Early Triassic, Hagighiol-Dobrogea - Trachyceras Campanian, less frecquent being in Late (Trachyceras) curionii MOJSISOVICS, Pliensbachian, Early and Middle Oxfordian Gymnites bosniensis (HAUER) – Simionescu and Late Campanian. The author accepts the (1913); from the Jurassic: Subsaynella suesii hypothesis that transgressions favor the (SIMIONESCU) - Dâmbovicioara Basin, appearance of large ammonites through Simionescu 1898; Procerites moorei (OPPEL) relatively low reproduction rate, late - Bucegi Mountains, Simionescu, 1905; maturation, greater longevity, large body and Perisphinctes (Arisphinctes) cotovui trophic specialization (Calder, 1984 – fide SIMIONESCU, P. (A.) pseudobreviceps Stevens, 1988). SIMIONESCU, P. (Orthosphinctes) suevicus The presence of large ammonites also planus SIMIONESCU, P. emphasizes as much on local fossilization (Dichotomosphinctes) dobrogensis conditions and paleoenvironment. Big versus SIMONESCU, P. (Kranaosphinctes) small ammonites might be controlled by post- promiscuus BUKOWSKI, P. (Perisphinctes) mortem sorting and transport or several multifidus (SIMIONESCU), P. (Discosphinctes) specimens could be only nuclei of originally gerontoides SIEMIRADZI, Decipia ernesti bigger ammonites. On the other hand, they paucicosta (SIMIONESCU) – Hârşova, might be immature individuals which died by Dobrogea Simionescu, 1907; and from the different causes before reaching full size. Cretaceous - Pachydiscus sp. (P. cf. levyi The biological reasons are not still clearly GROSS = Nowakites macoveii SZASZ) – explained: Macovei, 1906, and a few fragments of large - there are families of ammonites which ammonites from the Dâmbovicioara Basin - preserved only small specimens; echioceratids Crioceratites kilianii, Crioceratites (? were the most widespread in the Echioceras =Hoplocrioceras) sp., Simionescu (1898). 1 “Al. I. Cuza” University of Iaşi, Department of Geology, Bd. Carol I, no. 20A, 700505, Iasi, Romania, e-mail: [email protected] P. ŢIBULEAC There are also undocumented ammonites with (Valea Pojorâtei stream), Bathonian (Valea large dimensions in other Romanian Seacă) - Turculeţ, 2004; and Early Callovian collections. deposits (Izvorul Malului, Izvorul Alb, Moldova valley) – Turculeţ, 1979. 2. Setting of the Jurassic olistoliths The affiliation of olistoliths and, especially, (Transylvanian Nappes) exotic blocks to one of the three Transylvanian Field researches made in the last years in Nappes is difficult and needs comparative the Jurassic deposits of the Rarău Syncline studies between their presence in Rarău, has provided new information concerning the Hăghimaş and Perşani mountains. presence of large ammonites in the The rocks of the Transylvanian Nappes are Transylvanian Nappes rocks (the first being the most fossiliferous in the Rarău Syncline, reported by Turculeţ, 1966). the fauna including algae, foraminifers The Transylvanian Nappes occur only as ammonites, bivalves, gastropods, belemnites, olistoliths and hieratic blocks in the brachiopods, crinoids, echinoids etc. Cretaceous wildflish. It was outlined by Uhlig (1907), who distinguished and named in the 3. Large Jurassic ammonites in Rarău Rarău Syncline two kinds of nappes: the Syncline autochthonous Bucovinian Nappe and the Two specimens of large sized ammonites allochthounousTransylvanian Nappe; the last have so far been collected from the Rarău name suggests the original area of its Syncline deposits: the first was found in deposits. Uhlig identified Triassic and Jurassic Aalenian deposits – Moldova river slope sedimentary rocks mixed with oceanic igneous (Turculeţ, 1966) and the second from a rock in the Transylvanian Nappe. hieratic Sinemurian block – Bodia hill Until the middle of the eightieth decade, (Ţibuleac, 2002). A few other fragments of subsequent researchers accepted the large ammonites testify to their presence in Transylvanian Nappe (although with different another fossiliferous outcrop (Praşca Peak). interpretations) and its presence was also highlighted in Hăghimaş and the Perşani 3.1 Sinemurian olistolith from Praşca Peak mountains (Popescu-Voiteşti, 1936; Preda, The most important olistolith of Liassic age 1940; Patrulius, Popescu, 1964; Mutihac, from the Eastern Carpathians occurs in the 1968; Săndulescu, 1973, 1976; Patrulius et al., Praşca Peak, almost in the middle of the 1971, 1979; Rădulescu et al., 1976; syncline, several kilometers south-west of Săndulescu et Visarion, 1978; Rădulescu et Câmpulung Moldovenesc, Suceava County Săndulescu, 1973; after Săndulescu, 1984). (Fig. 1). It was discovered by Uhlig (1900), and The deposits of the Transylvanian Nappes has subsequently been studied and reported were formed on an oceanic spreading floor, by Trauth (1906), Popescu & Patrulius (1964), and represent different ages on a different Turculeţ (1965, 1968, 1971), Popa and ophiolitic basement. Using this evolutionary Patrulius (1996), Turculeţ and Ţibuleac (2001) model, Săndulescu (1984) proposed three and Ţibuleac (2005). Uhlig considered the heterochronous Transylvanian Nappes: olistolith to be a development of the “Adnet - the oldest one – Perşani Nappe – sensu facies” because of the similarity of lithology stricto with Triassic deposits and without (red nodular limestones and marls) and the ofiolitic rocks; similarity of the ages of ammonites - the Olt Nappe, separated in the Perşani represented. Mountains by Patrulius et al., 1979 A rich fauna of ammonites and a few taxa including ultrabasic rocks, pillow-lava and of algae, foraminifera, bivalves, gastropods, Traissic – Middle Jurassic deposits; crinoids and brachiopods have been - and the last one, Hăghimaş Nappe, recorded. Specimens have been collected in delimited in the mountains with the same recent years both in situ and from the soil name by Săndulescu (1976), this which buried the olistolith. representing the Tithonian – Early An upside-down inclination of the olistolith Cretaceous time interval. in the Cretaceous wildflish can be In the Rarău Syncline, the Jurassic of the demonstrated by the relative position of in situ Transylvanian Nappes is marked until now by fossiliferous beds. For example, beds yielding Sinemurian (Praşca Peak, Bodia Hill, Izvorul ammonites from the Arnioceras semicostatum Malului), Pliensbachian (Valea Pojorâtei T.-r. Zone occur up-slope from beds yielding stream), Toarcian, Toarcian - Aalenian (Izvorul ammonites of the Echioceras raricostatum T.- Malului stream, Măgura hill – Moldova valley r. Zone. The presence of other ammonites between Sadova and Pojorâta), Bajocian Zones between these and of earlier and later 366 PRESENCE OF BIG SIZE AMMONITES IN THE JURASSIC OLISTOLITHS OF TRANSYLVANIAN NAPPE(S) FROM RARĂU SYNCLINE (EASTERN CARPATHIANS, ROMANIA) has also been proved by recent diggings made 1901), (Coroniceras (Coroniceras) cf. lyra in the area of Praşca Peak. HYATT, 1867, Coroniceras (Paracoroniceras) These field researches
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