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ANATOMY and DEVELOPMENTAL MORPHOLOGY of ALLIONIA L. (NYCTAGINACEAE) by Barbara Goodrich Phillips \ a Dissertation Submitted to T

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ANATOMY and DEVELOPMENTAL MORPHOLOGY of ALLIONIA L. (NYCTAGINACEAE) by Barbara Goodrich Phillips \ a Dissertation Submitted to T Anatomy and developmental morphology of Allionia L. (Nyctaginaceae) Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Phillips, Barbara Ann Goodrich, 1945- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 29/09/2021 09:36:16 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/565347 ANATOMY AND DEVELOPMENTAL MORPHOLOGY OF ALLIONIA L. (NYCTAGINACEAE) by Barbara Goodrich Phillips \ J ■ . • A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY WITH A MAJOR IN BOTANY- In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1 9 7 6 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE I hereby recommend that this dissertation prepared under my ^^rection by Barbara Goodrich Phillips entitled Anatomy and Developmental Morphology________________ _____of Allionia L. (Nyctaginaceae)___________________ be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy_______________________________ Dissertation Director Date After inspection of the final copy of the dissertation, the following members of the Final Examination Committee concur in its approval and recommend its acceptance:* I )i( x, AV —'_ yi, A - — C? ^ / 0 _7 C, r This approval and acceptance is contingent on the candidate's adequate performance and defense of this dissertation at the final oral examination. The inclusion of this sheet bound into the library copy of the dissertation is evidence of satisfactory performance at the final examination. STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to bor­ rowers under rules of the Library, Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or re­ production of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his judgment the proposed use of the material is in the in­ terests of scholarship• In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author„ SIGNED x P O a M a A, Jj- DEDICATION I would like to dedicate this dissertation to Dr* Walter S. Phillipss former Professor of Botany and Plant Anatomy at The University of Arizona, As an original member of my committee and warm personal -friend, his encouragement and help during the initial phase of the project provided inspiration for this research, I know he would have been extremely interested in the results and deeply regret that he did not live to see this work to completion. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to extend my appreciation to Drs» Charles To Mason3 Jr., Robert Hoshaw, Willard Van Asdall, Everett Lindsay and Professor Terah Smiley who provided many helpful suggestions during the research3 and read and edited this manuscript« This dissertation has been accomplished with the help of many people. Dr. Thomas R. Van Devenders Mr. W. Geoffrey Spaulding5 Mr. Steven McLaughlin, and Ms. Deborah Goldberg at The University of Arizona, and Mr. Richard Halse, Oregon State University at Corvallis, helped in various aspects in the field. Appreciation is expressed to Mr. Paul Fugate and Mr. Roger McManus, The University of Arizona, who assisted with the scanning electron microphotos and ultraviolet photos, respectively. I would like to thank Dr. Robert Gilbertson for the use of the photomicrograph ap­ paratus of the Mycological Herbarium. Mr. Richard Raise kindly identified the rust, and the Entomology Department identified the insects. Especial thanks are given to Ms. Alison Habel, who assisted with the photos, and Ms. Caryl Busman, who cheerfully and carefully typed this manuscript. My deepest appreciation goes to my husband, Arthur,, whose un­ bounded encouragement, willing assistance, and cheerful patience made this accomplishment possible. iv Plants were collected in Grand Canyon National Park and Lake Head National Recreation Area under permits issued to Arthur Mo Phillips, III. Plants were collected in Big Bend National Park under my own permit o Trips to the Rampart Cave area were partially supported by National Science Foundation Grant GB-27406 awarded to Dr» Paul S, Martin, The University of Arizona» A Graduate Teaching Assistantship from the Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Arizona, provided support for the 1969-70 academic year* A Graduate Research Associateship from the College of Agriculture, The University of Arizona, provided support for the years 1970-1975* TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES ..................... LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. ........ ......... ABSTRACT ....... .............................................. INTRODUCTION ............... .......... MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUE. ................ ..... 5 Germination Procedure. ............. Paraffin Material. ............... ..... 6 Clearing .................... ...... 7 Maceration . ... .... Decortication — Maceration. .......... Illustrations............................................................. 8 DISTRIBUTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL RELATIONSHIPS .... Collection Localities......................................... 0 6 O O 6 1 1 Northwestern Arizona. .......... ..... 11 Southwestern Arizona..................... 13 Tucson Vicinity .............. Southeastern Arizona................ ..................... 14 Northeastern Arizona. ........... New Mexico................. ..... 16 Trans-Pecos Texas .................................................................... 16 Mexico. ..... .............................................................. Utilization of Allionia. .............................................. REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY .................................................................. ..... 20 Floral Plan......... ..... 20 Inflorescence ............... ..... 22 Floral Behavior................... .... 24 Anthesis........... ..... 26 Pollination .............................................................. .... 27 Ripening and Dispersal of the Disseminule . ..... 28 Discussion . 29 vi vii TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Page VEGETATIVE MORPHOLOGY e . ... ............ 31 The Seedling « o ® ■ e * « « « © © «. * ■ © « © © « © © © © © © 31 Discussion. © . © .. ...©«© © © • © © © © . © © 35 The Adult Plant© © © © © © © © . © © © © © © © © © © © © © 37 Q?tie Leaf © © © © © © © © © © © ©. © © © © © © © © © © © 38 The Stem© © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 40 The Root© © © © » © © © © © c © © . © » • ... © © © © © 40 Discussion.........© . © © © © © « © © © © © © © © .41 FLORAL MORPHOLOGY© © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 43 The Bract. .. © © © © © . © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 43 The Perianth . © © © © © . © © © © © © © © © 43 The Androecium © ...©©©» © © ..©©©.©©©© © © © 45 The Gynoecium............ 46 The Fruit and S e e d ......... .......... © © © © © © © © © 47 Discussion© © ............... © © .......... 47 VEGETATIVE ONTOGENY AND ANATOMY© © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 49 The Seedling . © © © © © © ©. © © © © © © . © © © © © © © © 49 Cotyledon .©..©©©©©©« © © © © © © © © © © © 49 Epicotyl© . © © © © . ©.© ............© . © 50 Root© © © . © © © © © . © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 51. Hypocotyl © ......... © © © © »' • © © © © © © © © 53 Discussion.....................© © . © © © © . © © © © 56 The Adult Plant. © . © © ............© © © © © © © © © © 58 The Vegetative Shoot Apex .©.©©.©©©© ©r © © © 58 The Leaf© © ......... © . © © © © © © © . ©. 61 The Stem. © © . © © © © © © © © © © © © © © ©. © © © 71 The Root© © . © © © © © © © © « © © © © © © © © © 80 Discussion© © © © © © © . © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 83 FLORAL ONTOGENY AND ANATOMY© . © © © © © . © © © © © © © © © © © 88 The Bracts .. © © « © © © © © © © © © © © . © © « © © © © © 88 Floral Apex. © © © . © « © © . © © © © © © © © © © * © © © 91 The Perianth . © © © © © © . © © © © © « © © © © 92 Sepaloid Perianth ©.©©©©©©.©©©e©©©©© 92 Petaloid Perianth »©».©..©©» © ©»»»»« © 93 Anthocarp © © © © © © © © © © © » » © . « « © © © © © 95 Discussion. © © ........ © © © . © ©. © © © © © « © 96 The Androecium © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 98 Mature Stamen © © © .......... © © © . © © © © © . © 103 viii TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) . Page The Gynoecium......... .. .. * * * • » « . * * o » o 111 Mature Pistil . • . »■ > o 115 Fertilization and Embryology . „ . = . * . ; 119 , Embryo ......... 119 Endosperm o , » . e «> o « e o e o » « . « e e » « • , 122 Perisperm . .« . „ . \ 123 Fruit and Seed* * * ........ * * * « * * * . * * * * 123 Discussion . * . * . ........ 125 The Peduncle and Pedicel „ * * * e * * * * * . » o » * * * 129 Peduncle * « * * * * * * * * © @ * * « * * © o © * © * 129 Pedicel * * * * * © * * * * * * « * , * * * * * * * * 131 Discussion* , * * * . * , * * « * . * * * . * * * * * 132 Floral Vasculature .*****©.«** * * ***** * * 132 Anthocarp» ********** ************* * 136 Receptacle. ****** ********.***** * 136 Anthocarp............. * . .............. * * * * 137 Discussion ************.............* * * * * 140 TAXONOMY ****** * *********************
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