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Soil Survey of Sunset Crater Volcano National Monument, Arizona

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Soil Survey of Sunset Crater Volcano National Monument, Arizona United States United States Department of Department Agriculture of the Interior Soil Survey of Natural National Park Sunset Crater Resources Service Conservation Service Volcano National Monument, Arizona How To Use This Soil Survey General Soil Map The general soil map, which is a color map, shows the survey area divided into groups of associated soils called general soil map units. This map is useful in planning the use and management of large areas. Detailed Soil Map The detailed soil map can be useful in planning the use and management of small areas. Locate your area of interest on the map sheet. Note the map unit symbols that are in that area. Go to the Contents, which lists the map units by symbol and name and shows the page where each map unit is described. The Contents shows which table has data on a specific land use for each detailed soil map unit. Also see the Contents for sections of this publication that may address your specific needs. i National Cooperative Soil Survey This soil survey is a publication of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources Conservation Service has leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey. Major fieldwork for this soil survey was completed on August 31, 2011. Soil names and descriptions were approved on August 31, 2011. Unless otherwise indicated, statements in this publication refer to conditions in the survey area in 2011. This survey was made cooperatively by the Natural Resources Conservation Service and the National Park Service. The soil map in this survey may be copied without permission. Enlargement of this map, however, could cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping. If enlarged, the map does not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a larger scale. Literature Citation The correct citation for this survey is as follows: United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, and United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service. 2014. Soil survey of Sunset Crater Volcano National Monument, Arizona. (Accessible online at: http://soils.usda.gov/survey/printed_surveys/) Cover Caption Sunset Crater as seen from the northwest at the top of an unnamed cinder cone inside Sunset Crater Volcano National Monument, Arizona. Map unit 26 (Kana`a- Cinder land complex, 15 to 60 percent slopes) is on the low-lying older cone in the foreground. This older cone has been buried with cinders and ash from the more recent Sunset Crater explosion. Wind has driven ash along the inside surface of the cone in a covering of ripples. Ripples occur where sand size grains form small heaps when winds flow predominantly from one direction. Some of the moving sands will infiltrate into the first few centimeters of the soil profile during summer monsoons.The nonvegetated areas are Cinder land. Where trees and bushes have gained a foothold, the influx of organic material has converted the Cinder land to soils classified in the Kana`a series. In the background, on the side slopes of Sunset Crater, is map unit 20 (Cinderhill-Blackash complex, 15 to 60 percent slopes). Cinderhill and Blackash soils have incorporated a larger amount of ash into their profiles than Kana`a soils and also support more dense vegetation. Additional information about the Nation’s natural resources is available online from the Natural Resources Conservation Service at http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/. ii Nondiscrimination Statement The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination against its customers, employees, and applicants for employment on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, sex, gender identity, religion, reprisal, and where applicable, political beliefs, marital status, familial or parental status, sexual orientation, whether all or part of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program, or protected genetic information. The Department prohibits discrimination in employment or in any program or activity conducted or funded by the Department. (Not all prohibited bases will apply to all programs and/or employment activities.) If you wish to file an employment complaint, you must contact your agency’s EEO Counselor (http://directives.sc.egov.usda.gov/33081.wba) within 45 days of the date of the alleged discriminatory act, event, or personnel action. Additional information can be found online at http://www.ascr.usda.gov/complaint_filing_file.html. If you wish to file a Civil Rights program complaint of discrimination, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form, found online at http://www.ascr.usda. gov/complaint_filing_cust.html or at any USDA office, or call (866) 632-9992 to request the form. You may also write a letter containing all of the information requested in the form. Send your completed complaint form or letter by email to program.intake@usda. gov or by mail to: USDA Office of the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W. Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 If you are deaf, are hard of hearing, or have speech disabilities and you wish to file either an EEO or program complaint, please contact USDA through the Federal Relay Service at (800) 877-8339 or (800) 845-6136 (in Spanish). If you have other disabilities and wish to file a program complaint, please see the contact information above. If you require alternative means of communication for program information (e.g., Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.), please contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). iii Contents How To Use This Soil Survey ......................................................................................i Preface.......................................................................................................................... ix Introduction ...................................................................................................................1 General Nature of the Park ........................................................................................2 How This Survey Was Made ......................................................................................3 General Soil Map Units ................................................................................................5 1—Cinderhill-Kana`a-Sunsetcrater association .........................................................5 2—Kana`a-Cinderhill association ...............................................................................6 3—Lava flows-Lithic Ustorthents-Blackash association .............................................7 4—Cumulic Haplustolls consociation .........................................................................7 Detailed Soil Map Units ................................................................................................9 20—Cinderhill-Blackash complex, 15 to 60 percent slopes .....................................10 21—Cinderhill-Kana`a complex, 3 to 15 percent slopes ..........................................17 22—Cinderhill-Lava flows complex, 2 to 15 percent slopes .....................................24 23—Cumulic Haplustolls extremely gravelly sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes .....28 24—Kana`a extremely gravelly sand, 1 to 3 percent slopes ....................................33 25—Kana`a-Cinder land complex, 1 to 15 percent slopes .......................................36 26—Kana`a-Cinder land complex, 15 to 60 percent slopes .....................................41 27—Lava flows-Lithic Haplofibrists complex, 2 to 15 percent slopes ......................45 28—Lithic Ustorthents-Blackash-Lava flows complex, 2 to 15 percent slopes ........49 29—Sunsetcrater extremely gravelly loamy sand, 1 to 15 percent slopes ..............57 30—Sunsetcrater extremely gravelly loamy sand, 15 to 35 percent slopes ............61 Ecological Sites ..........................................................................................................67 Definition of ableT Headers and Discussion of Data ................................................68 Descriptions of Rangeland Ecological Sites .............................................................69 Summary and Conclusions ......................................................................................80 Use and Management of the Soils ............................................................................83 Interpretive Ratings ..................................................................................................83 Land Capability Classification ..................................................................................84 Prime Farmland ........................................................................................................85 Hydric Soils ..............................................................................................................85 Land Management ...................................................................................................86 Recreation ................................................................................................................88 Engineering ..............................................................................................................89 Dwellings and Small Commercial Buildings .........................................................90 Roads and Streets,
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