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Colorado Coalition for School IPM Newsletter | November 2019

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Colorado Coalition for School IPM Newsletter | November 2019 Colorado Coalition for School IPM Newsletter | November 2019 Colorado Coalition Colorado Coalition for School IPM Newsletter November 2019 identified the mushrooms as being non-toxic. This Inside this issue: interaction served as a reminder of how little most • Partner Spotlight: The Fungus people know about fungi. There is, however, much to Among Us discover. • School District Spotlight: IPM in Fungi have been around Child Care Centers Webinar for 1.3 billion years, but • Featured Bug of the Month: we are just beginning to discover many of their Kissing Bugs benefits. Aside from • Current Pests being a culinary treat, certain fungi are key elements in restoring ecosystems and allies in Turkey tail fungus (Trametes helping farmers protect versicolor) helping to break down valuable agricultural a fallen tree. crops. Colorado Coalition for School Photo: National Park Service IPM Agency Partner Spotlight: Research indicates that fungi have potential applications in pollution The Fungus Among Us remediation through a process known as mycoremediation. That is the use of fungi to break The Fungus Among Us - Restoring Ecosystems and down or remove a range of contaminants, including Controlling Pests oils and toxic chemicals, from the environment. This By Marcia Anderson, PhD form of biological remediation can filter toxins from stormwater runoff and help clean up industrial oil Remember walking spills. through the forest and seeing mushrooms, the According to research, these fungi may be able to reproductive structure of a remove or detoxify chemicals, such as polycyclic fungus, growing on rotting aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, tree trunks or decaying petroleum compounds, and heavy metals like woodchips? One of the mercury and lead. The fungal mycelium, or main benefits of fungi vegetative part of the fungus, absorbs and converts is that they help break the hydrocarbons in down and recycle organic these contaminants material, making nutrients into carbohydrates. available for new life. Research using oyster mushrooms has I recently received a shown significant call from a Head Start program director in the Pacific pollutant removal Northwest asking about mushrooms growing in the from both soil and A look at a fungus’ mycelial phase. woodchips on their playground. She was concerned water. because toddlers tend to put everything in their Photo: M. Anderson mouths, including mushrooms. They roped off the Similarly, research area until the local cooperative extension service has shown that turkey tail mushrooms are suitable for 1 Colorado Coalition for School IPM Newsletter | November 2019 mercury remediation; garden giant mushrooms can harvest decay. It is also used on ornamental plants, be used for E. coli removal; and mycobooms, straw seeds, and seedlings to protect against soil-borne rafts containing mushroom mycelium, can absorb oil diseases. from water. In tropical countries, manufacturers have combined Fungi are also used as biological pesticides, or the use of entomopathogenic biopesticides and biopesticides, that target specific insect pests and insecticide-treated bed nets to control the mosquitoes plant diseases. Biopesticides are considered less that carry malaria. Sprays of some fungal spores are toxic than their chemical counterparts and are pathogenic to mosquitoes during specific portions comparatively safer environmentally. Termed of their life cycle and affect their metabolic and mycoinsecticides, some fungi act as parasites of reproduction rates. Fungal infection consequently insects and can protect plants from certain infections reduces the mosquito’s ability to transmit diseases. and diseases, thereby enhancing crop production. The World Health Organization has been testing the biopesticide Beauveria bassiana to reduce malarial For example, one transmission, resulting in a high mosquito mortality biological pesticide and rapid reductions in feeding and flight capability. used in agriculture is Trichoderma spp., The growth of the biopesticide market, including a beneficial fungus these fungal-based controls, comes in response to that colonizes plant the increasing demand for more natural pest control roots and outcompetes tools. Biopesticides can complement conventional disease-causing fungi. chemical pesticides and are cost effective and eco- Trichoderma protects friendly. Biopesticides can be incorporated into any Carpenter ants are the target of a plants from soil-borne Integrated Pest Management program, contributing to biological pesticide. pathogens in non-food sustainable pest control and healthy environment. crops, fruiting vegetables, Photo: David Cappaert; cole crops, legumes, For more information on biopesticides, visit the EPA Bugwood.org herbs, cucurbits, berries, biopesticide webpage. In addition, Paul Stamets’ TED and small fruits. A side lecture on mushrooms discusses how mushrooms can benefit is that, over time, it stimulates plant growth save the world. and increases plant defenses. Another commercially used biopesticide, Beauveria Integrated Pest Management bassiana, is a fungus that acts on insects including aphids, whiteflies, thrips, fire ants, and bedbugs. The in Child Care Centers Webinar fungal bodies adhere to the insect’s exoskeleton and slowly dissolve a hole in the insect’s body. The fungus penetrates the body, proliferates, and produces spores that subsequently liquefy the insect’s internal organs. Its slow action allows time for the target insect to pick up the fungal spores and infect the rest of the colony. The best news is that it does not affect non-target organisms. Tuesday, December 10, 2019 | 2 - 3 PM ET Another fungal Followed by a 30-minute Q&A session biopesticide, Pythium Register Now oligandrum, protects crops and turf from This webinar will prepare you to— roughly 20 soil- borne pathogens. • Understand basic integrated pest management Muscodor albus is a (IPM) program implementation strategies; fungal biopesticide • Review the top five pests of concern in this unique that is an alternative A feeding female Anopheles environment; to the fumigant gambiae mosquito can transmit • Utilize various IPM tactics in pest vulnerable methyl bromide. It is malaria-causing parasites. Credit: areas in child care centers; and used to protect food CDC/James Gathany commodities from post- 2 Colorado Coalition for School IPM Newsletter | November 2019 • Determine who is responsible for pest management services for these structures. Featured Bug of the Month: Featured Presenters: Kissing Bugs • Christina Wilkinson, Senior Environmental Scientist, California Department of Pesticide “Kissing Bugs” (Conenose Bugs) and Insects of Regulation Similar Appearance in Colorado • Karina Campos, Environmental Scientist, Whitney Cranshaw California Department of Pesticide Regulation Quick Facts • Marcia Anderson, Ph.D., U.S. Environmental “Kissing bugs”, also known as “conenose bugs” Protection Agency Center for Integrated Pest or “bloodsucking conenose bugs”, are a type of Management insect that feeds on blood of mammals and other vertebrates, including humans. Only one species of kissing bug has ever been found in Colorado, Triatoma protacta (western conenose). Records of this insect in the state are clustered in rural sites in western Colorado where it usually has been found in association with its primary wild animal host, woodrats (packrats). A few historical records exist indicating the western conenose may occur in Miss a webinar? No problem! Many of our webinars some rural areas east are available for on-demand viewing on EPA’s of the Continental website. Divide. Questions? If you have any questions about IPM or Kissing bugs are upcoming webinars, please contact us at ipm@epa. known to transmit gov an organism (Trypanosoma cruzi) that can produce Chagas disease. Recently it was Figure 1. Adult of the western reported that this conenose, Triatoma protracta, the only pathogen was found “kissing bug” that occurs anywhere in Colorado among in Colorado in the western conenose and in wild animal hosts. It has never been found to infect humans in Colorado. There are several insects that are very commonly mistaken for “kissing bugs” that occur in the state including masked hunter, bee assassins, and western conifer-seed bug. “Kissing bugs” (Triatoma species) are insects that feed on the blood of various wild animals, particularly rodents. Mammals are their most common hosts but they will occasionally feed on birds and reptiles. Other names for these insects are “conenose bugs” or “bloodsucking conenose bugs”. Humans are occasionally bitten by these insects, which feed at night, producing a bite that is painless (a “kiss”). There may be no noticeable effect of their bite, although an allergic reaction (itching, swelling, 3 Colorado Coalition for School IPM Newsletter | November 2019 etc.) to the saliva of the bug may occur in in some Interest – and concern – about these insects in people that are bitten more than one time. The Colorado spiked in 2019 following a national greatest concern about these insects is that they can press release that identified, for the first time, that transmit a pathogen (Trypanosoma cruzi) that produces the organism that can produce Chagas disease Chagas Disease. A good source of information on (Trypanosoma cruzi) was present in Colorado. News Chagas Disease is the Centers for Disease Control reporting of this finding appears to have been widely (CDC) at: https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/chagas/ perceived by the general public to suggest that this organism
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