A A.B. Melwani Pte. Ltd., 39 Abbasbhai Nakhoda, 44

INdex

A Ancient Indian history, 3 A.B. Melwani Pte. Ltd., 39 Anglo-Dutch Treaty, 28 Abbasbhai Nakhoda, 44 Angullia, 44 Abdullahbhai, Sheikh, 44 Angullia and Isabhai and Abraham, George, 172, 180, 218, Company, 44 219, 220, 238 Ani Mani Porchalai, 104 Acharya, Amitav, 141 Anjapaar, 106 Adani Exports Ltd., 166 Annamalai Avenue, 62 Adani Global, 166 anthropological narratives, 2 Adani Group, 291 A.P. Moller-Maersk A/S, 287 Aditya Birla Group, 156 Approved International Trader administrative system, efficient, (AIT), 157, 183 150 Arab merchants, elected AEC Education, 179 committee, Singapore Agarwal, Mahendra, 169 Chamber, 204 agency houses, 201, 202, 203 Arab Street, 32, 34 Agrocorp International Pte. Ltd., Armenian merchants, elected 183 committee, Singapore Air India, 170 Chamber, 204 Al-Abrar Mosque, 34 Arnasalam Chetty Road, 62 Allomal Hassomal, 260 Arulmigu Sri Thandayuthapani American planter, 204 Temple, 63 Amoy, 24 Ascot serviced apartments, 111 Anacaona Pvt. Ltd., 124 ASEAN, trade agreements, 143 Ananda Bhavan Restaurant, 232 ASEAN plus, 143

09 Beyond_Index.indd 347 6/3/11 10:36:02 AM 348 Index

ASEAN-Chamber of Commerce bazaar language, 74 and Industry (ASEAN-CCI), Bazaar Malay, language of 218 market interactions, 306 initiatives, 314 Behn, Meyer & Co., 202 meetings with Australia-Peru Bencoolen Street, 26 Chamber of Commerce, Bengal Native Infantry, 25 222–23 Bengalis, 30 ASEAN-India Joint Sectoral Bentinck, William, 200 Cooperation Committee, Berger International Limited 221 (BIL), 154, 155 Asia-Pacific Indian Chambers of Bhandari, Kiran, 187, 193 Commerce and Industry Bhojwani, Rupchand, 220 (APICCI), 220 B.H.T. Daulatram Jubilee Silk Asian Paints (India) Ltd., 154 Store, 49 Augustus (Emperor), 3 Big Bollywood 96.3 FM, 175 Axis Bank, 168 bills of exchange, indigenous, 9 Azad Hind Fauj, 67 Birlasoft Limited, 168 Azad Hind Government, 66 Blood Transfusion Service, 216–17 board of companies, B representations on, 186 Bajaj Brothers, 52 Boer War, 259 Balakrishnan, Vivian, 237 Bohra mercantile community, 43 Banana Leaf, 106 Bohra Muslims, 34 Bandung Conference (1955), 146 Bohras, 43 Bandy, Clyde Michael, 290 Bombay Life Assurance Bangalore, Information Company Limited, 46 Technology Park, 164 Bombay Trading Company, 44 banias, 177 Bose, Subhas Chandra role of, 9 assimilating of Indian Bank of Baroda, 168 manpower, 67 banks, limited use of, 43 emergence of, 66 Bataks, 26 further discussions, 88 Batu Pahat, 104 Bose, Sugata, 2 Bazaar Contingent, 25 Botswana, 223

09 Beyond_Index.indd 348 6/3/11 10:36:03 AM Index 349

Boustead, Edward, 201 business pattern, 41 Boustead & Co., 202 business process outsourcing Bridge Singapore, 237 (BPOs), 181 British, good relations with, 26 businesses British armed forces, withdrawal traditional methods of from Singapore, 67 operations, 76 British Chamber of Commerce, 201 C British rule, defeat of Japan, 68 California Software Co. Ltd., British Straits Dollar, 204 288 British trade, communities Canton, 24, 200, 260 collaborating on, 37 Cantonment Road, 62 Brown, Rajeswary Ampalayanar, Capital Trust Group, 155 6, 18, 73, 132, 206, 306 capitalism, encouragement, 148 Buddhism, spread of, 4 carpet business, 34 Buffalo Road, 57 Carr-Saunders University bullock owners, 50 Commission, 214 Burhani mosque, 207 case studies, entrepreneurs, business associations, see also 255–301 business organizations caste structure, goldsmiths in business communities, see also India, 133 Indian business groups CECA Agreement, 154, 157–60, demographic structure of 168, 176 Southeast Asia, 2 see also Comprehensive Indian, see Indian business Economic Cooperation communities Agreement (CECA) North Indian, 31 changes beyond, 160–72 South Indian, 31 FTA-plus arrangement, 157 business community, European, multinational enterprises, 162 207 new Indian entrepreneurs, 161 business migrants, Indian, 11 opening of Indian banks in business organizations, 200–54 Singapore, 192 ethnic Indian, 207–36 Cecil Street, 32 Singapore, 200–7 centres of business activities, 33

09 Beyond_Index.indd 349 6/3/11 10:36:03 AM 350 Index

Centurion Bank, 136 construction of GPS Terminal, CEPT Scheme, 143 Middle East, 291 Chairmanship of SICC, 221 customers, 287 emphasis on right manpower, efficient sourcing, 288, 292 273 expansion into newer markets, involvement in Kewalram 289 Chanrai Group, 261 growth and progress, 283–87 Chamber de Commerce of growth of, 284, 292 Marseilles, 244 joint venture with Adani Champion Sports, 118 Group, 291 Chan Poh Meng, 173 partnership with Itochu Chandran, Robert, 257, 281 Corporation, 283 becoming U.S. citizen, 283 profit figures, 289 death, 290 Chemoil Helios Terminal, 284 Philippines, coconut products Jurong Island, 285 business, 287 Chettiar Chamber of Commerce, Chandran, Vivian, 287 211 Chandroo, Dr T., 180 Chettiar moneylenders, Chandulal Co., 40 repatriation to India, 66 Change Alley, 52, 60 Chettiar Varthega, 62 Changi Air Bases, 56 Chettiars, 10, 29, 31, 37, 51, 54, Chanrai, J.T., 49, 261 55, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, Chanrai, Murli Kewalram, 258 65, 66, 73, 103, 107, 125, Chanrai Group of Companies, 256 131, 206, 207, 208, 211, Chaudhuri, K.N., 24 212, 246, 321 Chellarams, 49 business community, 60–64 Chemoil, 15, 256, 257, 281–92 displacement from kittingis, 102 advantages provided by repatriation, 66 Singapore, 285 temples dedicated to Lord Asian Institute of Management Muruga, 63 (AIM), 282 as venture capitalists, 62 background, 281–83 well-organized, 73 brand value, 290 Chettiars’ Temple, see also Sri business model, 288–90 Thendayuthapani Temple

09 Beyond_Index.indd 350 6/3/11 10:36:04 AM Index 351

Chettinadu, 60 Cold War, 146 Chetty Theruvu, 62 end of, 14 Chew Hua Seng, 165 Collyer Quay, 32 Chhotirmal, 110 colonial capitalism, impact of, Child’s Dream, 271 304 China colonial industrialization, 310 influence of Kushanas, 4 colonial intervention, 1 opening up of, 140 colonial phase, 36 Chinatown, 59, 233 India, supply of labour, 27 Chinese businesses, advantages colonialism, advent of, 24–32 in raising capital and colonization, onset of, 4 finance, 309 Comcraft Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd., Chinese communities 153 accumulation of wealth, 305 commercial migrants, 31 Southeast Asia, 303 Commercial Square, 28 Chinese family businesses, community groupings, language patterns of, 308 factor, 34 Chitty Melakas, 87 Comprehensive Economic Chitty Road, 26, 87 Cooperation Agreement Cholas, 4 (CECA) Chopra Sports Pte. Ltd., 118 negotiations, 158 Chulia Street, 40, 54, 59, 60 political goodwill, 160 South Indian business post-investment opportunities, community, 54 159 Chulias, 32, 34, 54, 59 relaxed restrictions over Chutney Café, 183 temporary entrants, 159 CII-India Business Forum, 237 see also CECA Agreement circulating credit facilities, 9 Confederation of Indian citizenship, 76 Industries (CII), 237 Clemenceau Avenue, 62 Confrontasi, Indonesia, 101, 216 C.M. Mohammed Co., 44 Contact Singapore, 237 coconut oil, exports, 69 Control of Rent Act, 95 coexistence, 36 conventional paradigms, 2 Cohen, Robin, 8 conventional sectors, 148

09 Beyond_Index.indd 351 6/3/11 10:36:04 AM 352 Index

coolies, 5 Distinguished Technopreneurs copra, trade in, 68 Forum, 180 Coromandel Coast, 34, 54, 59 diversification of businesses, corporatization of business, 302 109–25 Cosmetic Medical Specialist Draft Companies Bill (1966), 215 Centre, 165 Drake, P.J., 202, 203 country ships, 24 Drug Houses of Australia, acquisition of, 163 D Dutch East Indies, demand for dairy farmers, Punjabis, 50 Indian cotton, 65 Dalhousie Lane, 26 Damodaran, Harish, 177 E Dani, Ashwin, 154 East & Asia Pacific Trade & Das, Sanchita Basu, 190, 192–93 Industry Publications Pte. Dawoodi Bohra Ltd., 180 community, 44 East India Company, 24 strict allegiance to mosque, 45 administration from Calcutta, traders, 43 25 de-industrialization, 30 sepoys and soldiers, 28 decolonization, effect on Eastcom Systems Pte. Ltd., 179 business communities, 109 Economic Development Board definitions (EDB), 142 Indian, 13 Regional Headquarters Award, transnationalism, 8 170 Delhi Public School (DPS), 194 economic liberalization, 140 Delta Exports, 152 economy, interdependence with demographic minorities, 36 political interests, 150 Dhanabalan, S., 141 EcoOils processors Sdn Bhd., Dhoby Ghaut, 29 267 Dhoraisingam, Samuel S., 26 EcoOils Sdn Bhd., 267 diaspora Eco Water Management, 267 bonding of, 41 EDC@SICCI, 215, 241, 314 fleeting and flexible, 172–76 Educomp Solutions Ltd., 165 new demographic profile, 175 Emerio Corporation, 182

09 Beyond_Index.indd 352 6/3/11 10:36:05 AM Index 353

enclave structure, 32–64 comparative, 171 English language, proficiency in, retail sector, 130 25, 94 Framroz, P.M., 53 English-educated middle class, 178 Framroz and Company, 53 Enterprise Development Centre, Franklin Baker, 287 215, 225 free market economy, 92 Enterprise One, 142 Free Trade Agreements, 143 entrepot trade, textiles, 99 “free-port” doctrine, 201 entrepreneurial fluidity, 9 entrepreneurs G case studies, 255–301 Gati Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd., 169 professionals turned, 177–84 Gati International, 169 progressive, 148 Gayatri Restaurant, 133, 232, entrepreneurship 251 change in emphasis, 129 General Chinese Trade Affairs legacies of caste, 310 Association, 205 ethnic network, links to General Insurance Corporation homeland, 311 of India, 155 European business community, Gian Singh Co., 52 207 Gill, M.S., founding of Royal Everygreen Marine Corp, 287 Sporting House, 117 Girishchandra Kothari, 39 F global capitalism, rise of, 147 family firms, corporatization of, Global Entrepolis@Singapore, 238 312 Global Indian Business Network Federation of Indian Chambers Pte. Ltd., 180, 238 of Malaya, 213–14 Global Indian Business Summit financing networks, centred on (GIBS), 180, 238 community-based lines, 73 Global Indian Entrepreneurs food and restaurant business, 34 Conference, 221 Food Festival, 232 Global Indian International foreign capital investments, 92 School (GIIS), 194 foreign direct investments (FDI), globalization 149 benefits of, 1

09 Beyond_Index.indd 353 6/3/11 10:36:05 AM 354 Index

effect of, 7 Guoco Land Ltd., 120 new age, 148 Gurgaon Technology Park, 114, Globe Detective Agency, joint 167 venture with Mainguard Guthrie, Alexander, 201 International, 166 Guthrie & Co., 202 Goh Chok Tong, 147 Jawaharlal Nehru Award, 188 H Gokhale, Gopal Krishna, early Haidar Sithwalla, 179 nationalist leader, 18 Haji Mohamed Mustafa, 275 goldsmiths, India, 133 Hakimji Rajabhai, 44 Gopinath Pillai, 179, 194, 195 Hamashita, Takeshi, 6 Government of India, ban on Hanifa Shariff, 121 export of unskilled labour, Haniffa, O.K. Mohamed, 121 65 Haniffa Textiles, 121 Government Recorder, Haniffa Textiles Sdn. Bhd., appointment, 201 Malaysia, 137 Government-Linked Companies Haw Par Healthcare Ltd., 163 (GLCs), 95, 101, 128, 147, HCL Technologies Singapore, 311 168 competition for private HDFC Bank, 119, 167 enterprises, 128 hegemony, contempt for Graham, G.S., 25 British hegemonic Great Depression, 64–71 assertion, 146 effect on Chettiars, 65–66 heritage sites, 107, 108 fluctuating rubber prices, 203 Hexaware Technologies Asia onset of, 65 Pacific Pte. Ltd., 168 Great Singapore Sale, 232 High Street, 32, 34, 38, 49, 56, guanxi, 305 76, 98, 99, 100, 101, 108, Guilds of Ancient India, 199, 244 113, 115, 124, 210, 235 Gujarati Association, 34 description by Jumabhoy, 38 Gujarati community, 208 Hindi speaking people, 35 division of, 43 Hindu Endowments Board, 233 Gujaratis, 10, 31, 35, 36, 37, 38, Hindu Paropkari Fund, 42, 208 99, 235 Hinduism, spread of, 4 business community, 40–47 Hindus, merchant caste of, 9

09 Beyond_Index.indd 354 6/3/11 10:36:06 AM Index 355

Housing Development Board, Indian Chamber of Commerce, difussion of enclave 53, 58, 171, 209, 210, 211, mentality, 127 212 hua qiao, 304, 315 Hardial Singh, 52 hundi, system of, bills of Indian Chamber Scholarship exchange, 9 Fund, 216 Hyderabadis, 47 Indian Commerce Minister, 158 Indian community, diversity, 36 I Indian cotton, demand in Dutch I-Flex Solutions Pte. Ltd., 168 East Indies, 65 indentured system, labour Indian enclaves, co-existence, recruitment, 29 19 India Indian entrepreneurship, legacies benefits from Malaya, 27 of caste, 310 economic liberalization, 140 Indian guilds, 19, 200, 244 Look East policy, 139, 221 Indian history, 3 national movement, 66, 72 Indian Immigration Committee, rise of national movement, 30 39 Indian influence, readings on, 17 India Heritage Board, 174 Indian Institute of Management India International Insurance (IIM) Alumni Association, Pte. Ltd., 155 239 India Se, 175 Indian Institute of Technology India-Singapore JVs, 155 (IIT) Alumni Association, Indian Airlines, 170 239 Indian Association, 110 Indian labour, parallel system of Indian business communities, recruiting, 30 challenges of restructuring, Indian Merchant Association 7 (IMA), 210 Indian business groups, 98–108 leadership, 210 transition and transformation, Indian merchant banking group, 139–96 61 Indian businessmen, Indian migrants diversification of early, 23–90 businesses, 305 new, 312

09 Beyond_Index.indd 355 6/3/11 10:36:06 AM 356 Index

Indian migration, advent of, intra-ethnic networks, 13, 41, 24–32 73, 208, 246 Indian Muslims, descendants intra-firm networks, 42 of, 26 INTRACO, 95, 194 Indian National Army, 66 Isabhai and Company, 44 British supremacy, 3 Ismail, B.K.M., 213 Indian Penal Code, 25 Ithna-Asharis, 43 Indian Restaurants Association, Iyenger, Vijay, 183, 224, 312 231 Iyer, Mahesh, 156 Indians Izzuddin, Mustafa, 81 average household incomes, 176 Indo-Malay relations, J embittered, 66 J.A. Russell & Co., 203 Indonesia jagas, Sikh security guards, 29 encouragement to indigenous Jaggi’s, 106 industries, 128 Jains, merchant caste of, 9 Industrial Training Board, 216 Jamae Masjid, 207 industrialization process, 93 Japan, defeat of, 68 information and communication Japanese firms, relations with technology (ICT), 144, 178 Sindhi merchants, 49 Information Technology Park, Japanese occupation Bangalore, 164 effect on Indian migration, Infosys Technologies Limited, 66 168 Singapore, 67 INSEAD, 173 Jashanmals, 49 inter-Asian trade, 36 Jaslok Hospital and Research inter-ethnic business Centre, 271 relationships, 303 Javanese, 26 inter-ethnic relations, 186 Jawaharlal Nehru Award, 188 interactions, intra-diaspora, 16 Jawi-Pekan, 26 International Enterprise (IE), 142 Jawi-Peranakan, 26 internet age, knowledge and Jayawardena, Chandra, 6 information, 148 Jet Airways, 170 intra-community differences, 1 Jewel Palace, 122

09 Beyond_Index.indd 356 6/3/11 10:36:06 AM Index 357

jewellery shops, Serangoon kapalas, 74 Road, 104 relations with merchant, 90 Jewels of Palace, 105 Kashmiri Muslims, 34 Jhamatmal Gurbamall, 48 Kassim, 45 joint naval exercise, 188 Katong Gurdwara, 71 Joint Study Group, economic Kewalram Chanrai Foundation, links between Singapore Nigeria, 271 and India, 157 Kewalram Chanrai Group, 15, joint ventures 50, 110, 221, 256, 258–68 CECA Agreement, 154 Afcott, 263 by Olam International, 265 Afprint, 262 Jothi Holdings Pte. Ltd., 123 background, 258–61 Jothi Stores, 104 business model, 272–74 Jothi Stores & Flower Shop, 122 corporate chart, 269 J.T. Chanrai brothers, corporate philosophy, 268 commission agents, 259 diversified businesses, 262 Jumabhoy, Ameerali, 111 EcoProcessors International Jumabhoy, Rajabali, 38, 45, 46, Limited, 267 74, 81, 110, 212 expansion into Indonesia, Bombay Life Assurance 262 Company Limited, 46 family constitution, 270 legal action against son, 111 growth and progress, 261–68 property development, 46 Olam International Limited, Jumabhoys, 46, 68, 110, 111, 256 263 Jurong Town Corporation (JTC), Olam Nigeria Plc., 263 95 philanthropy, 271 professionally managed K concern, 271 Kadayanullar Muslims, 59 Kewalram Oils, 262 Kalaimangal Provision Store, 230 Kewalram Philippines, 262 Kalyan Ashram Trust, London, 271 Kewalram Realty Limited, 267 Kalyani Group, 164 Khattar, Arvind, 120 Kampong Kapor, 26 Khattar, Satpal, 116, 165, 177 kangany system, 30, 65 Guoco Land Ltd., 120

09 Beyond_Index.indd 357 6/3/11 10:36:07 AM 358 Index

Network India, 120, 237 lateral networks, 2 Savant Infocomm, 120 Lee Hsien Loong, 225, 238 Khattar Holdings, 116, 119, 120 Lee Kuan Yew, 141, 238 Khattar Wong and Partners, 118, commitment to 195 multiracialism, 97 Khemchand Sons, 49 Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Khoja Muslim merchants, 45 Policy, 271 Khosla, Vinod, 178 Leifer, Michael, 141 Kimatrai, J., 49 liberal institutionalism, 141 Kinta Road, 26 license-raj, 311 kittingis, 53, 60, 102, 103, 209 Lieutenant Jackson, 55 acquisition for urban renewal, Lim Hng Kiang, 162 100 linguistic area, identification of location, 61 Indians, 32 Klang, 43 Linn In Hua, 242 knowledge-based economy Lion City Holding Company, (KBE), 141, 144 97 Komala Vilas, 105, 106 Little India, 55 Komalas, 106 growth of, 55 kongsi, 305 Little India Arcade, 233 Koochoo Pally, 79 Little India Restaurant Kothari, Girischandra, 99–100 Association (LIRA), 232, Krishan Temple, 58 233 K.S. Mohamed Haniffa & Co., 230 Little India Shopkeepers and KSP Group of Companies, 179 Heritage Association Kumar, Sachit, 166 (LISHA), 231, 233 Kushanas, influence in China, 4 logistic support, export-import Kutch, 45, 82 firms, 74 Look East policy, 139 L Look India policy, 228 labour, indentured system of Lucky Plaza, 60 recruitment, 29 Lamb, Helen B., 310 M Lancashire products, 206 Mackenzie, John, 48

09 Beyond_Index.indd 358 6/3/11 10:36:07 AM Index 359

macroeconomic performances, Market Street, 32, 34, 40, 44, 46, improved, 148 59, 60, 61, 62, 102 Mahbubani, Kishore, 11 South Indian business Mainguard International, community, 54 joint venture with Globe Markovits, Claude, 6, 9 Detective Agency, 166 Marks & Spencer, 280 Malabar Muslims, 31, 34 Marwari businessmen, 61 Malacca Straits, 24 Marwari Mitra Mandal, 235 Malay, adoption as bazaar Medan, 48 language, 74 Mediacorp, Hindi radio channel, Malay Archipelago, maritime 175 trade, 4 Mehta, Bhujangilal, 210 Malay Chamber of Commerce Melaka, presence of early (MCC), 241 Indians, 26 Malay language, use of, 89 Melwani, Bhagwan H., 39, 209 Malay Mail, 97 Melwani, Jhamatmal Gurbamal, Malaya Tribune, 212 48 Malayalee, workers, 54 Memons, 43 Malayan Peninsula, 26, 30, 31, Mercator Lines (Singapore) 54, 64, 65, 66 Limited, 168 Malays, 26, 106, 211 listing on Singapore Exchange, Malaysia, ecouragement to 169 indigenous industries, 128 Mercer, Worldwide Quality of Living Mallal Das and Company, 44 Index, Singapore, 173 manpower, recruitment based merchant guilds, South Indian, on community-based lines, 199 73 merchant-banking group, MARDEC, 152 Chettiars, 211 Marine Hull Insurance, 155 merchants’ bodies, 199 maritime trade merger and acquisitions, 154 connectivity, 24 middle class, English educated, Roman Empire, 3 11, 178 market liberalization, emerging migrants scenario, 148 control, 70

09 Beyond_Index.indd 359 6/3/11 10:36:08 AM 360 Index

intra-Asian, 146 moneychangers, Tamil Muslim new, 55, 140, 313 community, 59, 60 patterns in 1940s and 1950s, moneylenders 71 Punjabis, 50 restrictive ordinances, 72 Sikhs, 51 Tamil speaking, 35 moneylending activities migration patterns, 1 effect of Great Depression, 64 military withdrawal, 95 legislative regulation of, 64 Miller, Michael B., 315 monopolistic market, 35 Ministry of Overseas Indian monsoon winds, knowledge of, 17 Affairs (MOIA), India, 314 Moplahs, 31, 34 Mishra, P.P., 36 see also Malabar Muslims Mistri, N.R., 53 Motabhi, Essabhai, 44 Mistri Wing, 53 Motiwala, Esufallubhai Jafferbai, MMTC Transnational Pte. Ltd. 44 (MTPL), 157 MRP K. Vandayar & Sons, 102 MNCs, 311 M/s Chandulal Co., 40, 67 MNEs, 311 Mudaliars, 54 Modern Montessori International multinational enterprises (MMI) Group, 180, 181 (MNEs), 94 Modern Silk Store, 49 Mungkali Kwai, 51 Mohamed Mustafa & Mustafa, 15, 105 Samssuddin Co. Pte. Ltd., brand loyalty of customers, 281 274–81 retail sector, 257 background, 275 see also Mohamed Mustafa & business model, 279–81 Samssuddin Co. Pte. Ltd. expansion outside Singapore, Mustafa Air Travel, 277, 278 277 Mustafa Centre, 275 growth and progress, 275–79 24-hour store, 278 household name, 279 building of, 276 looking forward, 280–81 employment of Chinese- Mohan BPO Services Pte. Ltd., speaking staff, 297 181 increase in number of Chinese Mohan HR Pte. Ltd., 182 customers, 297

09 Beyond_Index.indd 360 6/3/11 10:36:08 AM Index 361

popularity among migrant Chinese communities of workers, 279 Southeast Asia, 303 Mustafa Goldmart, Chennai, Narayanan Chetty Road, 62 277 narratives, anthropological, 2 Mustaq Ahmed, 274 Natarajan & Swaminathan, 181 favourite store, Marks & Nath, Kamal, 158, 224 Spencer, 280 nation building, 92 policy of owning premises effect of challenges, 127 rather than renting, 279 National Institute of Fashion remittances business, 277 Technology (NIFT), India, shop space along Serangoon 221 Road, 275 national movement, rise of, 39 sourcing and purchasing, 280 National University of Tourism Entrepreneur of the Singapore, South Asian Year Award, 277 Studies Programme, 222 warehouse in Kallang Pudding Natsteel, 114, 154 Road, 277 Nattukottai Chamber of Muthu’s Curry, 106 Commerce, 63, 103 Mutual Recognition Agreements, Nattukottai Chettiars, 61, 211 176 Naval Base, 56 Myanmar Nehru, 146 Chettiar community, 31 Neo-colonialism, 128 trade mission, 223 Network India, 120, 237 Myrdal, Gunnar, 314 Network Inter Business Services, 167 N networking organizations, 240 N. Ramasamy, 57 informal, 236 Nadar, Ramasamy, 57 new age developments, 302 Nagara Koottam, 63 New India Assurance Co. Ltd., 155 Nair, Deven, 97 Nigeria, Kewalram Chanrai Nakhoda, Abbasbhai, 44 Foundation, 271 Namibia, 223 Nigerian Stock Exchange, listing Nanking, 24 of Afprint, 262 Nanyang, 303, 315 NIIT Technologies Pte. Ltd., 168

09 Beyond_Index.indd 361 6/3/11 10:36:09 AM 362 Index

Nirmalla and Sons, 44 Oriental University, Langfang, Nizaris, 43 Hebei, China, 165 Nomanbhoys, 44 outsourcing Non-Aligned Movement (NAM), growing market, 167 146 outsourcing firms, acquisition of Non-Resident Indians (NRIs), 160 companies, 163 non-technical jobs, affinity for, outward-bound trading groups, 96 241 Nonyas, 26 Norrdin Mustafa, 278 P North Indian business Pacific Healthcare Holdings, 164 community, wholesale and Pan-Asianism, resurgence, 146 retail businesses, 107 Parameswara Holdings, 98, 221 North Indians, 38–40 Pars Ram Brothers, 110, 116, 153 Nowrosjee Wadia & Sons Private Parsi Association, 53 Limited, 165 Parsi Lodge Charity, 53 NPS International School, 194 Parsis, 41, 52, 53 Nucleus Software Solutions Pte. Partition of 1947, 51, 70, 292 Ltd., 168 effect on Chanrai’s business, NUS Business School, 173, 239 260 Patel, Rajul, 183 O Penang Chamber of Commerce, Oberoi Group of Hotels, 170 201 Occidental naval suitors, 23 People of Indian Origins (PIOs), offshore software, 168 160 Olam International, 50, 263 Peranakan Chinese, 26 acquisitions and joint Peranakan Indians, 26, 87 ventures, 264, 265 permanent residents, 145 opium trade, 206 permission to travel, trade Orchard Road, 60 related activities, 49 organizational groups, informal, Perumal Temple, 58 239 philanthropic activities, 36, 77, Orient Express Lines, 155, 156 124 Oriental Insurance Co. Ltd., 155 India, 37

09 Beyond_Index.indd 362 6/3/11 10:36:09 AM Index 363

Phoenix Aerated Water Works, Professional Network of Young 53 Indians (PNYI), 240 Pillai, Govindasamy, 57, 85, 213, professionals, new migrants, 140 219, 230, 242, 308 property development, Rajabali succeeded by son, 58, 102 Jumabhoy, 46 Pillai, Narayana, 5, 27 protectionist economic policies, Pillai, Pakirisamy, 130 reversal of, 311 Pillai, V. Damodaran, 124 P.S. Jamnadas and Co., 39 Pillay, J.Y.M., 97 Punj Llyod Limited (PLL), 162 Polaris Software Lab Pte. Ltd., Punjabis, 10, 30, 31, 70, 76, 99 168 business community, 50–52 political interests, Purushottam, Nirmala, 217 interdependence with economy, 150 Q population Qualifying Banking Status (QFB), circulation, 3 168 effects of, 5 ethnic Indian, 96 R post-independence period, R. Jumabhoy and Sons Ltd., 68 91–138 R. Shanmugam, 231 diversification of business R1 International Pte. Ltd., 152 interests, 109–25 Race Course Road, 87, 106, 232 effect on Chettiar community, Rae, Ian, 305 102, 103 Raffles, Stamford greater global outreach, 125 arrival, 5, 24 Indian business groups, Raffles Education Corporation, 165 98–108 Raffles Junior College (RJC), 173 Pravasi Bharitiya Divas, 160 Rajakumar, Chandra, 123, 231, Conference, 226, 314 234 Premchand & Sons, 153 Rajaratnam, S., 97, 142 professional class Ramachandra, Murugaia, 122, international mobilization, 123, 231 193 Ramachandran, G., 58, 219, 230, rise of, 185 242, 308

09 Beyond_Index.indd 363 6/3/11 10:36:10 AM 364 Index

taking over father’s business, Saigon, imports from, 65 102 Salaries Commission, 215 Ranchoddas Purushottamdas Sandhu, K.S., 55, 127 Limited, 42 Sanskritization, 177 Rao, Narasimha, 147 Saravana Vilas, 105 Ray, Rajat Kanta, 5 Satyam Computers, 162, 163, Red Sea, 3 168 Redington, 266, 267 Savant Infocomm, 120, 167, 179 Regional Headquarters Award, 170 Savour, 232 religious and social practices, Scindhia Steam Navigation Co. conservatism, 30 Ltd., 68 Report of the High Level Scott Holdings, 111 Committee on the Indian Scotts Shopping Centre, 111 diaspora, 72 Second World War, outbreak, Report of the Straits Settlements 214 Trade Commission, 31 security guards Restaurant Association of Punjabis, 50 Singapore, 232 Sikh, 29 restaurants, Race Course Road, Selegie Road, 26, 87 106 Sembawang Engineers and Rise of Asia, 9, 314 Constructors Limited, 162 Robinson Road, 32 sepoys, East India Company, 28 Roman Empire, maritime trade, 3 Serangoon Merchant’s Rose & Co., 118 Association, 231, 233 Rowell Road, 26 Serangoon Road, 26, 32, 34, 55, Royal Brothers Building, 111, 56, 57, 58, 76, 86, 87, 100, 134 101, 102, 103, 105, 106, Royal Brothers Group, 110, 111 108, 121, 122, 124, 184, Royal Sporting House, 117 230, 231, 257, 275 R.P. & Sons Pte. Ltd., 81 business structure, 56 Rupee Room, 175 commercial viability, 108 heart of South Indian business S community, 105 Sabeer Bhatia, 178 jewellery, 104 sago flour, sago seeds, 40 Little India, 55

09 Beyond_Index.indd 364 6/3/11 10:36:10 AM Index 365

Shababul-Eidiz-Zahabi, 45, 82 38, 51, 69, 70, 76, 99, 208, Shah, Devji Gopaldas, 39, 42 209, 210 Shameen, Assif, article on Olam business community, 47–50 International, 266 Sindhu, 209 Shankar’s Emporium, 120 Sindworkies, 47 Shanmugam, G., 232, 251 Singapore shared imagination, concept, 8 average household income of Shebab, 45, 82 Indians, 176 Sheffield knives, 202 entrepot, 23, 27, 31, 49, 65, 99, Sheo Prasad Sharma, 206 110, 121, 200, 216, 285, Shikarpuris, 47 306, 312 Siam, imports from, 65 government policies, Siam Railway, 68 encouragement for SICCI Youth Enterprise Award, outward-looking Indians, 225 172 Sikh Association, 34 Indian business entities, 229, Sikh Moneylenders and 261, 308 Businessmen Association, Indian companies operating 212 from, 229 Sikh moneylending class, 51 Mercer Worldwide Quality of Sikhs, 30, 36, 50, 51, 52, 69, 70, Living Index, 173 73, 116, 118, 235 post-independent period, 14 effect of Partition, 71 post-independent phase, 7 moneylending community, 51 resident Indians, population Silicon Valley, 161 numbers, 176 Simons & Co., 202 separate political entity, 68 Sindhi Association, 34 strategic location, 24, 93, 159, Sindhi merchant community, 6 257 connections with Japanese vulnerability, 141, 142 firms, 49 Singapore Bengali Association, 236 Sindhi Merchants Association, Singapore Business Federation 80, 132, 208, 209, 210 (SBF), 120, 142, 223 Sindhi migrants, exodus post- Singapore Chamber of Partition, 70 Commerce Sindhis, 10, 31, 34, 35, 36, 37, establishment, 201

09 Beyond_Index.indd 365 6/3/11 10:36:11 AM 366 Index

Singapore Chamber of composition of members, 227, Commerce Rubber 228 Association, 204 importance, 313 Singapore Chinese Chamber, increase in membership, 228 Liaison Committee, 215 Mandarin classes, 307 Singapore Chinese Chamber of Trade Match, 243 Commerce and Industry Trade Match Information (SCCCI), 205, 223 Network Services, 225 Singapore Exhibition and Youth Enterprise Award, 225 Convention Bureau (SECB), Singapore Indian Development 143 Association (SINDA), 222, Singapore Federation of Chambers 272 of Commerce and Industry Singapore Indian Entrepreneur (SFCCI), 218, 219, 242 Awards (SIEA), 225 inclusion of SICC, 218 Singapore Investment Singapore government, Corporation, 166 integrative approach, 7 Singapore Kerala Association, Singapore Gujarati Society, 235 235 website, 41 Singapore Khalsa Association, Singapore Gujarati Yuvak 235 Mandal, 235 Singapore Management Singapore Indian Business University, 271 Association (SIBA), 237 Singapore Manufacturers’ Singapore Indian Chamber of Association (SMA), 242 Commerce, 97, 110, 217 Singapore Port Commission, 215 memorandum to Singapore Singapore Silk Store, 49 Port Commission, 248 Singapore Sindhi Association, 210 submission of paper to Singapore Stock Exchange, 263 National Productivity listing on, 169 Board, 219 Singapore Tamil Youth’s Club, Singapore Indian Chamber of 236 Commerce and Industry Singapore Technologies (SICCI), 15, 107, 180, 222, Telemedia, joint venture 313 with Mediacorp, 164

09 Beyond_Index.indd 366 6/3/11 10:36:11 AM Index 367

Singapore Telegu Association, South Asian Studies Programme, 235 National University of Singapore Tourism Board, 63, Singapore, 222 173, 233 South Bridge Road, 28, 34 Singapore-India Joint Study South Indian business Group (JSG), 147 community, retail sector, Singapore-India Partnership 107 Foundation, 160 South Indian merchant guilds, 199 Singapore-India trade, figures, South Indian settlements, 55, 58 161 South Indians Singh, Amrik, 115 business community, 54–59 Singh, Anant Bir, interview, Chettiars, 53 136 Mudaliars, 54 Singh, Hardial, 52 Thirupathur Vellalars, 54 Singh, Inderjit, 126, 151, 313 Southeast Asia, business business ventures, 152 communties, demographic Singh, Kartar, 113, 114 structure, 2 Singtel, joint venture with Bharti Southeast Asia, Chinese Telecom, 164 communities, 303 Sino-Malay Investment Holdings Southern Steel Berhard, 154 Company, 242 S.P. Jain Centre of Management, Sithawala, Tyebalibhai, 44 171, 173 Sithi Vinayagar Store, 101 spice traders, 34, 40 Sithi Vinayagar Temple, 63 sports goods business, Punjabi Sivaswamy, R., 156 Sikhs, 116, 117 Small Enterprises Bureau (SEB), SPRING Singapore, 142, 143, 314 219 Sreyas World Navigation Pte. socio-cultural organizations, Ltd., 156 235 Sri Lanka, trade mission to, 223 Sofeene Enterprises, 121 Sri Mariamman Temple, 28 software outsourcing, offshore, Sri Thendayuthapani Temple, 168 246, 247 Somappa, H., 58, 86 St. Andrews Cathedral, 29 Sony Entertainment, 170 ST Kinetics, 164

09 Beyond_Index.indd 367 6/3/11 10:36:12 AM 368 Index

Standard Times Press, 122 Task Force on Small and Medium Star Gold, 170 Enterprises (SME), 219 Star Plus, 170 Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), state surveillance, 8 162, 168 statistical information, Tata Group of Companies, 154 inadequate, 12 Tata Steel, 154 Straits Settlements, 29, 31, 49, Tech Mahindra, 162 110, 208, 211, 213 Techcom Solutions Pte. Ltd., 183 Straits Settlements Trade Ten Degree Channel, 3 Commission, 31 Tenkasi Muslims, 59 Strides Arcolab, 163 textile, networks, 206 Subramaniam Temple of textile business, Chanrai family Chettiars, 207 business, 258 Sultan Kader, 55 textile companies, 40 Sun Microsystems, 178 Chandulal Co., 40 Suntec Singapore Joint Jhamatmal Gurbamall, 48 Marketing Alliance (JMA), Ranchoddas Purushottamdas 143 Limited, 42 Suppiah, Rethnavelu, 104 Textile Quota System, 64 Suvarnabhumi, 3 textiles Swiss Singapore Overseas competition from Japanese Enterprise Pte. Ltd., 156 supplies, 68 lucrative business, 99 T Thakral, Sohan Singh, 113 Tabla, 175 Thakral Brothers, 113, 115 Taj Mahal Silk Store, 49 Thakral Group, 113 tambis, 51, 100 collaboration with Marzotto, Tamil labour, 10, 56 114 Tamil Muslims manufacturing in China, 114 business community, 59–60 Thakrals, 110, 113, 153 intra-community network, 60 Thanaletchimi, R., 123 Tamil speaking migrants, 35 The Verge, shopping mall in Tamralipti, 3 Serangoon, 108 Tanuichi, Junji, 283 Thirupathur Vellalars, 54

09 Beyond_Index.indd 368 6/3/11 10:36:12 AM Index 369

tin and rubber investments, unemployment, rate of, 95 Chettiars, 62 Union of International tobralco, 99, 131 Associations (UIA), 143 Tolani, Rohet, 155, 156 University of Singapore, 217 Tolani Shipping, 155 Urban Land (Ceiling and Tolaram Group, 112 Regulation) Act, 95 Tolarams, 110, 153 urban renewal, acquisition of Tolarams, textile manufacturing, kittingis, 102 Indonesia, 112, 153 Tong Eng Building, 214 V Tong, Goh Chok, 147 vaishya, 177 Top International Meeting City, Vajpayee, Atal Bihari, 145, 147, 143 223 towkay, 305 Vaswani, Chhatru, 132, 247 trade and finance, Chinese Vaswani, Roop, 97, 217 participation, 5 Verghese, Sunny, 264, 266, 273, Trade Commission, 110 294, 295 Trade Development Board (TDB), Vertovec, Steven, 8 142, 183 Vesak Day, 234 trade routes, well established, 4 Victoria Junior College (VJC), 173 traders, Dawoodi Bohra, 43 visa, introduction of, 70 trading companies, 170 V.K. Kalyanasundaram Store, trading, main business activity, 126 101, 276 trading networks, 38, 49, 93 V.K. Lal Co., 67 transnational ventures, 305 transnationalism, definition, 8 W Transworld Shipping Services, 156 Wadia, Jeh, 165 travel permission, for trade Wadia Group, 164, 165 related activities, 49 Walling, R.N., 61 Tyebally, Abdulkader, 44 War Risk Insurance, 69 Wassiamall Assomull, first U known Sindhi firm, 48 UBS Global Wealth Management Waterloo Street, 26 & Business Banking, 17 Webster, Anthony, 205, 206

09 Beyond_Index.indd 369 6/3/11 10:36:13 AM 370 Index

Wellershoff, Klaus W., 17 X Western hegemony, impact of, 6 Xavier Labour Relations Institute Weston Corporation, 117 (XLRI), 171 white-collared workers, 37 Whiteway Laidlaw, 52 Y wholesale business, textiles, 99 Yang Ming Marine Transport Wilmar Group, 152 Corp., 287 Wilmar Trading Pte. Ltd., 166 Yap Pheng Geck, 241 Windmill International Pte. Ltd., Young Business Leaders Forum, 179, 194 120 Wisma Kewalram Project, 268 Witzel, Morgen, 305 Z Women’s India Network (WIN), Zanzibar, 42, 47 224 Zee Network, 170 work permits, 187 Zensar Technologies (Singapore) World of Sports, 117 Pte. Ltd., 168

09 Beyond_Index.indd 370 6/3/11 10:36:13 AM