భారత రవాణా వ్యవ్స్థ (Indian Transport System)

Presented by Anusha • Road Transport System( ) రో葍డు రవాణా • Railway Transport ( ) ర ైలు రవాణా వ్యవ్స్థ • Water Transport System ( ) జల రవాణా వ్యవ్స్థ • Air Transport System( ) వాయు రవాణా వ్యవ్స్థ Railway Transport System

( ) ర ైలు రవాణా World : • The first train was opened in 1825 (27-9-1825) between Stockton to Darlington, England. • ఇంగాలం葍 లోꀿ స్ాాక్ టꁍ న ండి డార్లంగ్ టꁍ మధ్య 1825 (27-9-1825) లో తొ젿స్ార్గా ర ైలున ꡍాారంభంచారు. • India: • The first passenger train in India ran between Bombay and Thane on 16 April 1853. • బ ⠂బాయి న ⠂డి థానె వ్రకు ꡍాారంభంచారు. • 34 కి.례 ꡍొ 葍వెైన ఈ .ర ైలు మారగంప ై 롊దటి ర ైలున అప్పటి గవ్రన쁍 జనర졍 葍లహౌసీ ꡍాారంభంచారు Andhrapradesh : • It was opened in 1862 from Puttur to Reni Gunta. • 1862 లో పుత్ూతరు న ⠂డి రేణి గ ⠂ట వరకు ప్రార⠂భ⠂చారు. • MSM . ఈ ర ైలవే ల ైన వేసిన స⠂సథ క⠂పెనీ (మ額ాా సదరꁍ మ రాష్టార కంప ꁀ) భారతదేశంలోꀿ ర ైలవేజోꁍ్ • Number of Railway Zones in India at present ...... 18 • Largest Railway Zone in India… .. • The smallest railway zone in the country ... the northeastern frontier railwayzone • The first established railway zone was the Southern Railway • The newly established 18th Railway Zone ... South Coast Railway భారతదేశంలోꀿ ర ైలవేజోꁍ్

• 8 ప్ాస్ ుతం భారతదేశంలో ర ైలవే జోꁍ్ స్ంఖ్య ...... 1 • ….. భారత దేశంలో అ逿 ప దద ర ైలవే జోꁍ ఉతుర ర ైలవే జోꁍ • దేశంలో 栿నన ర ైలవేజోꁍ ... ఈశానయ స్ర్హద ద ర ైలవేజోꁍ • 롊టా롊దట ఏరాపటు చేసిన ర ైలవే జోꁍ ..... దక్షిణర ైలవే • 8 నూతనంగా ఏరాపటు చేసిన 1 వ్ ర ైలవేజోꁍ... దక్షిణ కోస్ాు రైలవే Railway Zone Zonal Headquarter Division Central Railway 1. Mumbai,2. Nagpur, 3. Bhusawal, 4. , 5. Sholapur Eastern Railway Kolkata 1. -I,2. Howrah-II3. Sealdah,4. Malda,5. ,6. Chitaranjan East Central Railway Hajipur 1. Danapur,2. Mugalsarai,3. Dhanbad ,4. Sonpur,5. Samastipur East Coast Railway Bhubaneshwar 1. Khurda Road,2.Rayagada,3. Sambhalpur

Northern Railway Baroda House, New 1. Delhi-I,2. Delhi-II,3. Ambala,4. Moradabad,5. Lucknow,6. Firozpur North Central Railway 1. Allahabad,2. ,3. North Eastern Railway Gorakhpur 1. Izzatnagar, 2. Lucknow,3. ,4. DLW North Frontier Railway Maligaon, Guwahati 1. Katihar,2. Alipurduar,3. Rangiya,4. Lumding,5. Tinsukhia North Western Railway 1. Jaipur,2. Jodhpur ,3. Bikaner,4. Ajmer Southern Railway Chennai 1. Chennai,2. ,3. Palghat,4. Trichy,5. Trivendrum

South Central Railway Secunderabad 1. Secunderabad,2. Hyderabad,3. Nanded

South Eastern Railway Garden Reach, Kolkata 1. Kharagpur,2. Adra,3. Chakradharpur,4. Ranchi,5. Shalimar South East Central Railway Bilaspur 1. Bilaspur,2. Nagpur,3. Raipur

South Western Railway Hubli 1. Bangalore,2. Mysore,3. Hubli,4. RWF/YNK Western Railway Mumbai CST 1. BCT,2. ,3. ,4. Ratlam,5. Rajkot,6. Bhavnagar

West Central Railway 1. Jabalpur,2. Bhopal,3. Kota

Kolkata Metro Kolkata 1.

South coast Railway Vishkhapatnam 1. Guntakal,2.Guntur, 3. Vijaywada,4Valteru. • ర ైలవేజోꁍ - ప్ాధాన కారాయలయం • ఉత్ూర ర ైలవే ...... నయూఢిల్లీ • మధ్ూ ర ైలవే... మ ⠂బయి (ఛత్ాప逿 �వర灀 టెరమిన졍) • ప�ిమ ర ైలవే...... మ ⠂బయి (చరమిగే籍) • తూరుప ర ైలవే...... కో졍 కతా (ప్శ్చిమబ ంగా졍) • ఆగననయ ర ైలవే ...... కో졍 కతా (ప్శ్చిమబ ంగా졍) • ఈశానయ ర ైలవే ...... గోరఖ్ ప్ూ쁍( ఉతుర ప్ాదేశ్) ఈశానయ స్ర్హద ద ర ైలవే - మా젿గాం-గువ్హ逿 (అస్ ం ) • దక్షిణ ర ైలవే ...... చెనెైన (త렿ళనా葍డ) • దక్షిణ మధ్య ర ైలవే ...... సికిందాాబా額 • నెైరు逿 ర ైలవే ...... హుబ్లల (కరాాటక) • వాయువ్య ర ైలవే ...... జ ైప్ూ쁍 (రాజస్ాథꁍ) • U.P) ఉతుర మధ్య ర ైలవే ...... అలహాబా額( • M.P) ప్శ్చిమ మధ్య ర ైలవే ...... జబ졍 ప్ూ쁍 ( • తూరుప మధ్య ర ైలవే ...... హాజీప్ురా( బీహా쁍) • ( khurdha road,sambalpur,rayagada) తూరుప 遀ర ర ైలవే ...... భువ్నేశే쁍( ఒడిశా) • ఆగననయ మధ్య ర ైలవే ... బ్లలాస్ ప్ూ쁍( ఛ遀ుష్ ఫు葍) • కోలకతా మెటరాꡍా젿టꁍ ర ైలవే ...... కో졍 కతా • ……………….. (Guntakal,Guntur, Vijayawada,Valteru,Vishakha) దక్షిణ కోస్ాు ర ైలవే 퐿శాఖ్ప్టనం • There are three different types of gauges of .

Broad Gauge (1.676 m) Meter Gauge.(1 m) Narrow Gauge.(0.762 m) (Used in hills areas) Lite Narrow Gauge (0.610 m) (used in Industrail areas) Standard Gauge (Used in Metro’s)(1.500 m) • : భారత్額ేశ⠂లో గల 퐿퐿ధ్ ర ైళ్ీల • – Howra- అతయధిక సటాష్టꁍ (స్ మారు 160 సటాష్టనల ) లలో ఆగన ర ైలు Amruthsar • are the special train introduced by the Indian Railways to cater to the budget tourists, especially villagers. • To spread awareness about HIV/AIDS - ( 2007 dec 1st ) • Karmabhoomi Express: కార్ికుల కోస్ం • : scientific exhibition for children mounted on a train which travels across India. • Navayuga Express : It travels More states List of the Railway Production Units in India

Chittaranjan Locomotive Steam locomotives & 1950 Works (CLW, electric locomotives Chittaranjan) Diesel Locomotive Works Diesel Locomotives 1964 (DLW), Varanasi

Wheel Axle Plant (WAP), Wheel Axle Plant 1983 Bangalore Diesel Component Works Diesel Components & 1981 but production (DCW), Patiala Parts started in 1986

Rail Coach Factory (RCF0, Rail Coaches 1988 Kapoorthala, Punjab

Integral Coach Factory Coaching Stick, AC Rail 1955 (ICF), Chennai Coaches

Bharat Earth Movers Ltd., Rail coaches for Delhi 1964 Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation • Fastest Trains in India: ✓ - Train 18 , 180 km/h. (23 February 2019) ✓ Delhi-Kanpur-Allahabad-Varanasi

✓, 160 km/h. {2016 April 5th ) ✓New Delhi - Bhopal , 150 km/h. ✓Mumbai - New Delhi & New Delhi - Kanpur Shatabdi Express , 140 km/hour. ✓ Slowest train in India- Nilgri Express (10kmph),between Chennai and Mettupalayam ✓ First electric train – Deccan Queen, 1931,connects Mumbai with Pune . ✓ First underground railway (Metro Railway) – Kolkata Metro(1984) ✓ First railway station – Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus railway station in Mumbai. ✓ Longest railway platform –Gorakhpur railway station, Uttar Pradesh • Longest rail route in India: 1. : – from Dibrugarh (Assam) To 2.Himsagar Express : passes through – 11 States(Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Tamilnadu, Karnataka and Kerala) • Train runs between India and Pakistan – Samjhauta Express, Thar Express

• India's first private train Lucknow-Delhi • world's highest rail bridge: Chenab Bridge • world’s first hospital train: • The • Current Railway Minister: Piyush Goyal • Maitri Express: • friendly foreign relations between India and Bangladesh • Dhaka in Bangladesh to Kolkata in the Indian state of West Bengal. • UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Indian Railway: • The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway - West Bengal ( 1999) • Chatrapati Shivaji Terminal - Maharashtra (2004) • The Nilgiri Mountain Railway - Tamil Nadu (2005) • The Kalka-Shimla Railway – Assam (2008) • Matheran Railway - Maharashtra (2010) Water Ways ( ) జల రవాణా • water may be divided into two groups: (a) Inland Water Transport or River Transport( ) అంతఃస్థ졀య జల మారాగలు (b) Sea Water Ways.( ) స్ముదా జల మారాగలు Inland Water Transport or River Transport: • National Waterways • Central Inland Water Ways: • Inland Waterways Authority of India: • Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) is the statutory body in charge of the waterways in India. • regulation of Inland waterways for shipping and navigation. • 1986 • Its headquarters is located in Noida, UP. • National Inland Navigation Institute - (2004) • National Waterways: • six inland waterways have been declared as National Waterways: • National Waterway-1: • Allahabad-Haldia stretch of the • Ganga-Bhagirathi-Hooghly river • (Total length-1620 km) in the states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal • National Waterway-2: • Sadiya(Assam)- Dhubri(Bangladesh) stretch of the Brahmaputra river • (Total length-891 km) • National Waterway-3: ➢Kollam-Kottapuram(168 km) (Kerala ) ➢Champakara (14 km) ➢Udyogmandal canals (23 km) National Waterway-4:: states of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu and the Union Territory of Puducherry. National Waterway-5: states of West Bengal and Odisha National Waterways 6: (121 km) • Manipur • National Waterways 6 is a proposed waterway between Lakhipur and Bhanga of the Barak River. Sea Water Ways

• 1958 – Shipping Board Major Ports: ( ) ఓ葍రనవ్ులు India has 13 major Ports • Kolkata Port, • Paradip Port, • New Mangalore Port, • Cochin Port, • Jawaharlal Nehru Port, • Mumbai Port, Kandla Port, • Vishakhapatnam Port, • Chennai Port, • Tuticorin port, • Ennore Port, • Mormugao Port • Port Blair Port.

western coast Mumbai Port : (Maharashtra) ✓ One of the oldest modern ports of India. ✓ Initially the location was used by Navies of Shivaji. ✓ It is natural harbour and largest natural port in India.

Kandla Port: (Gujarat ) • 1955 – Kachh Sindhu shakha • Spring of Partition • Kandla port was built after partition as the Karachi port on western coast had gone to Pakistan. • It comes under the Trade Free Zone. • It is a tidal port Imports: crude oil, Machines Exports : Cotton Textiles, Cotton, Salt etc • First Export Processing Zone in India. • Jawaharlal Nehru Port : • It is also known as Nava Sheva and is the largest container port in India, handling around half of containers of all major port. • largest artificial port of India. • reduce traffic on Mumbai port.

New Mangalore Port: • “Gate way of Karnataka” • Located at a site called Panambur in Karnataka. • It handles the iron ore exports from Kudremukh mines. • Cochin Port : (Kerala) • Queen of Arabian Sea • Japan • located on the Willington island on the South-West coast of India;

• Mormugao Port: • Mormugao port in Goa is leading iron ore exporting port of India. • Estuary of the river Juari. East Coast: Vishakhapatnam Port: • Vizag port is located in Andhra Pradesh • It is natural harbour and protected by a hill, named ‘Dolphin Nose’. • Export of iron ore to Japan. • It is the deepest port of India Paradip Port : • Located at confluence of river Mahanadi in Bay of Bengal in Odisha. Chennai Port : (Tamilanadu) • Chennai Port is the largest port in the Bay of Bengal and second largest port of India after JNPT. • It is largest port at east coast. Tuticorin Port : (Tamilanadu) • This port has been now renamed as V.O.Chidambaranar Port. • The Gulf of Mannar.

Ennore Port : • This port is now named as Kamarajar Port Limited. • It is first corporate port of India and is registered as a public company with 68% stake held by government. • Kolkata Port: • Only riverine major port in India. • established on Hugli river.

• Port Blair Port : • Port Blair is the 13th and youngest major port of India declared so in 2010. Some Important Ports:

Andhrapradesh – Kakinada, Machilipatnam Karnataka – kaarvar , mangulur Kerala – aleppi, kozikod Tamilanadu – Dhanushkoti, Nagapatnam , Kadaluru Gujarath – BhaavNagar , Okla , Surath , Porubandhar,Bharooch , Bedi Maharashtra – Ratnagiri, Redi • Hindustan Shipyard Limited: • The first ship building factory of India was established at Vishakhapattanam in 1941. • It was later, adopted by the Indian Government in 1952

Mazagaon Dockyard (Mumbai): • Builds the naval ships for the Indian Navy. • Cochin Shipyard Ltd : ( Cochin) • Japan – 1972 • Production – 1976 • భారీ నౌకల ꀿరాిణం , మరమితతులు

• Garden Reach Shipyard: (Kolkata) • Hooghly River • Making of Harbour Craft Ships

• Goa Shipyard: • లాం桀ల తయారీ Air Ways ( ) వాయు రవాణా • 1953 – Air transport was nationalised and two Corporations, Air India International and Indian Airlines were formed. Now Indian Airlines is known as ‘Indian’. • 1953 - వాయు రవాణా జా遀యం చేయబడింది • ఎయి쁍 ఇండియా ఇంటరననష్టన졍 మర్యు ఇండియꁍ ఎయిర లలꁍ్ అనే ర ం葍డ కారపపరనష్టన ల ఏరపడాుయి. • ఇప్ుప葍డ ఇండియꁍ ఎయి쁍 ల ైꁍ్ న ‘ఇండియꁍ’ అꀿ పిలుస్ాు రు. • The air transport in India is managed by two corporations, Air India and Indian Airlines after nationalisation. Now many private companies have also started passenger services. AIR INDIA:

• The airline was founded by J. R. D. Tata as Tata Airlines in 1932. • After World War II, it became a public limited company and was renamed as Air India. • New Delhi • 1948 : Mumbai to London Indian Airlines: • Indian Airlines, later Indian. • In 2007, the Government of India announced that Indian would be merged into Air India. As part of the merger process, a new company called the National Aviation Company of India Limited (now called Air India Limited). • the airline – called Air India – would continue to be headquartered in Mumbai • Vayudoot: • Vayudoot began operations on January 26, 1981, India's Republic Day, in the remote north-east of the country, linking towns in states such as Assam, Manipur and Tripura. • 1993 - . ఇండియꁍ ఎయి쁍 ల ైꁍ్ లో 퐿졀నం చేస్ారు • Pawan Hans Limited is a helicopter service company based in New Delhi, India. Pawan Hans is a Mini Ratna-I category PSU. • 1985,October 15th • Heaquarters – New Delhi 1. Rajiv Gandhi International Airport :Hyderabad, Telangana 2. Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport : , Punjab 3. Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport : Guwahati, Assam 4. Biju Patnaik International Airport: Bhubaneswar, Odisha 5. Gaya Airport: Gaya, Bihar 6. Indira Gandhi International Airport : New Delhi, Delhi 7. Veer Savarkar International Airport : Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands 8. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport : Ahmedabad, Gujarat 9. Kempegowda International Airport : Bengaluru, Karnataka 10. Mangalore Airport : Mangalore, Karnataka 11. Cochin International Airport : Kochi, Kerala 12. Calicut International Airport : Kozhikode, Kerala 13. Trivandrum International Airport : , Kerala 14. Raja Bhoj Airport : Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 15. Devi Ahilyabai Holkar Airport: , Madhya Pradesh 16. Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport: Mumbai, Maharashtra 17.Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar International Airport: Nagpur, Maharashtra 18.Pune Airport: Pune, Maharashtra 19.Zaruki International Airport : Shillong, Meghalaya 20. Jaipur International Airport : Jaipur, Rajasthan 21. Chennai International AirportChennai, Tamil Nadu 22. Civil Aerodrome : Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 23. Tiruchirapalli International Airport : Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 24. Chaudhary Charan Singh Airport: Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 25. Lal Bahadur Shastri International Airport :Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 26. Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport : Kolkata, West Bengal 27. Vishakhapatnam Airport - Andhrapradesh • The Busiest airport in the world: 1. Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International ( Airport (ATL) - USA 2 .Beijing Capital International Airport (PEK) -CHINA 3 . Dubai International Airport (DXB) India: • Indira Gandhi International Airport - Delhi • Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport- Mumbai • Kempegowda International Airport- Bengaluru • King Fahd International Airport in Dammam, Saudi Arabia is the biggest airport in the world by surface area.

• Greenfield AirPorts: • Rajiv Gandhi International Airport (opened March 2008) - near Hyderabad, India • Kempegowda International Airport (opened May 2008) - near Bangalore, Karnataka, India • Cochin International Airport (opened June 1999) - near Kochi, India • What is the world ranking of Indian Railway network? A. 1st B. 2nd C. 3rd D. 4th

• ఇండియꁍ ర ైలవే నెట వ్쁍క 뱊కక ప్ాప్ంచ రాయంకింగ్ ఏ렿టి? A. 1st B. 2nd C. 3rd D. 4th Ans: C Explanation: Indian Railway is the 3rd largest rail network in the world after US and China. It is a multi-gauge, multi-traction system. Hence, C is the correct option. 2. Indian Railways are divided into how many zones? A. 17 B. 18 C. 19 D. 20

2. భారత ర ైలవేలన ఎꀿన మం葍లాలుగా 퐿భజంచారు? ఎ. 17 బ్ల. 18 సి. 19 డి. 20 4. When was the first railway in India operated for public traffic? A. 1857 B. 1858 C. 1855 D. 1853 • Ans: D Explanation: The first rail railway line in India was operated for public traffic in 1853 between Bombay (Now Mumbai) to Thane. 5. Which of the following railway is not recognised by UNESCO World heritage Site?

A. Darjeeling Himalayan Railway B. Nilgiri Mountain Railway C. Kalka-Shimla Railway D. North-Eastern Railway There are two UNESCO World Heritage Sites on IR viz. the Chatrapati Shivaji Terminus and the Mountain railways of India. Mountain railways of India is not contiguous, but consists of three separate railway lines located in different parts of the country viz. the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway; the Nilgiri Mountain Railway; and the Kalka-Shimla Railway. Hence, D is the correct option.

Ans: D 7. Match the following Set I a. Railwheel Factory b. Rail Coach Factory c. d. Diesel Loco modernisation works Set II 1. Patiala 2. Chennai 3. Kapurthala 4. Bengaluru Code: a b c d A. 1 2 3 4 B. 4 3 2 1 C. 3 1 2 4 D. 4 1 2 3 • Ans: B The correct match is given below:

Railwheel Factory- Bengaluru Rail Coach Factory- Kapurthala Integral Coach Factory- Chennai Diesel Loco modernisation works- Patiala Hence, B is the correct option. • Which of the following National Highway connects the four metro cities of India (Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai)? A. National Highway 44 B. National Highway 47A C. Golden Quadrilateral (GQ) D. North-South Corridor of NHDP • Ans: C Explanation: Golden Quadrilateral (GQ) stretch which connects the four metro cities of India (Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai). Hence, C is the correct option.