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Beforethe Runway
EDITORIAL Before the runway By Professor Sidney dekker display with fl ight information. My airspeed is leaking out of Editors Note: This time, we decided to invite some the airplane as if the hull has been punctured, slowly defl at- comments on Professor Dekker’s article from subject ing like a pricked balloon. It looks bizarre and scary and the matter experts. Their responses follow the article. split second seems to last for an eternity. Yet I have taught myself to act fi rst and question later in situations like this. e are at 2,000 feet, on approach to the airport. The big So I act. After all, there is not a whole lot of air between me W jet is on autopilot, docile, and responsively follow- and the hard ground. I switch off the autothrottle and shove ing the instructions I have put into the various computer the thrust levers forward. From behind, I hear the engines systems. It follows the heading I gave it, and stays at the screech, shrill and piercing. Airspeed picks up. I switch off altitude I wanted it at. The weather is alright, but not great. the autopilot for good measure (or good riddance) and fl y Cloud base is around 1000 feet, there is mist, a cold driz- the jet down to the runway. It feels solid in my hands and zle. We should be on the ground in the next few minutes. docile again. We land. Then everything comes to a sudden I call for fl aps, and the other pilot selects them for me. -
Inflight Data Collection N75-14745 Fob Ride Quality
NASA CR-127492 INFLIGHT DATA COLLECTION FOR RIDE QUALITY AND ATMOSPHERIC TURBULENCE RESEARCH Paul W. Kadlec and Roger G. Buckman Continental Air Lines, Inc. Los Angeles, California 90009 (NASA-CR-127492) INFLIGHT DATA COLLECTION N75-14745 FOB RIDE QUALITY AND ATMOSPHERIC TURBULENCE RESEARCH Final Report (Continental Airlines, Inc.) 57 p HC $4.25 CSCL 01C Unclas ..- - ___G3/0 5 05079 December 1974 Prepared for NASA FLIGHT RESEARCH CENTER P.O. Box 273 Edwards, California 93523 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Catalog No. NASA CR-127492 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date INFLIGHT DATA COLLECTION FOR RIDE QUALITY AND December 1974 ATMOSPHERIC TURBULENCE RESEARCH 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Paul W. Kadlec and Roger G. Buckman 10. Work Unit No. 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 504-29-21 Continental Air Lines, Inc. 11. Contract or Grant No. Los Angeles, California 90009 NAS 4-1982 13. Type of Report and Period Covered 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address Contractor Report - Final National Aeronautics and Space Administration 14. Sponsoring Agency Code Washington, D. C., 20546 H-876 15. Supplementary Notes NASA Technical Monitor: Shu W. Gee 16. Abstract In 1971 Continental Air Lines and the National Center for Atmospheric Research originated a joint program to study the genesis and nature of clear air turbulence. With the support of the NASA Flight Research Center, the program was expanded to include an investigation of the effects of atmospheric turbu- lence on passenger ride quality in a large wide-body commercial aircraft. -
Avidyne PFD & MFD Study Guide
Eric Gideon Avidyne Study Guide 1 of 7 General overview 1. Because we often rely on the MFD for navigational information, we need to make sure that the database is current with the most up-to- date information. 2. Diferences between glass and ‘steam gauge’ cockpits • OAT probe is now located on the underside of the left wing • Standby instruments • Airspeed • Attitude indicator • Altimeter • System is all electric – no vacuum system 3. Data sources • AHRS – Attitude Heading Ref- erence System • This computer collects and gives information to the Attitude Indicator and HSI. • Replaces the gyroscopic vacuum system • ADC – Air Data Computer • This computer collects and gives information to the Airspeed, VSI, and Altimeter. • Replaces the pitot/static system • These 2 computers are located in the PFD and make up the ADAHRS – Air Data and Attitude Heading Reference System • System must be aligned before flight • MFD uses external GPS to receive information for the flight display and position. • Probes get engine data directly. 4. Limitations • The PFD and MFD are not interchangeable and cannot share atti- tude or air data. • Don’t shut them down in flight, or AHRS won’t come back. Eric Gideon Avidyne Study Guide 2 of 7 Primary Flight Display (PFD) The Primary Flight Display is a 10.4 inch color LCD, with one knob and four bezel keys per side. Brightness is controlled with the rocker switch at top right. Attitude and air data – the PFD’s upper half 1. % power tape or tachometer 2. Autopilot Annunciation Area – Displays the autopilot annunciations 3. Airspeed Tape – Indicated airspeed with a range of 20-300 kts. -
Radar Altimeter True Altitude
RADAR ALTIMETER TRUE ALTITUDE. TRUE SAFETY. ROBUST AND RELIABLE IN RADARDEMANDING ENVIRONMENTS. Building on systems engineering and integration know-how, FreeFlight Systems effectively implements comprehensive, high-integrity avionics solutions. We are focused on the practical application of NextGen technology to real-world operational needs — OEM, retrofit, platform or infrastructure. FreeFlight Systems is a community of respected innovators in technologies of positioning, state-sensing, air traffic management datalinks — including rule-compliant ADS-B systems, data and flight management. An international brand, FreeFlight Systems is a trusted partner as well as a direct-source provider through an established network of relationships. 3 GENERATIONS OF EXPERIENCE BEHIND NEXTGEN AVIONICS NEXTGEN LEADER. INDUSTRY EXPERT. TRUSTED PARTNER. SHAPE THE SKIES. RADAR ALTIMETERS FreeFlight Systems’ certified radar altimeters work consistently in the harshest environments including rotorcraft low altitude hover and terrain transitions. RADAROur radar altimeter systems integrate with popular compatible glass displays. AL RA-4000/4500 & FreeFlight Systems modern radar altimeters are backed by more than 50 years of experience, and FRA-5500 RADAR ALTIMETERS have a proven track record as a reliable solution in Model RA-4000 RA-4500 FRA-5500 the most challenging and critical segments of flight. The TSO and ETSO-approved systems are extensively TSO-C87 l l l deployed worldwide in helicopter fleets, including ETSO-2C87 l l l some of the largest HEMS operations worldwide. DO-160E l l l DO-178 Level B l Designed for helicopter and seaplane operations, our DO-178B Level C l l radar altimeters provide precise AGL information from 2,500 feet to ground level. -
Digital Air Data Computer Type Ac32
DIGITAL AIR DATA COMPUTER TYPE AC32 GENERAL THOMMEN is a leading manufacturer of Air Data Systems It also supports the Air Data for enhanced safety and aircraft instruments used worldwide on a full range infrastructure capabilities for Transponders and an ICAO aircraft types from helicopters to corporate turbine aircraft encoded altitude output is also available as an option. and commercial airliners. The AC32 measures barometric altitude, airspeed and temperature in the atmosphere with Its power supply is designed for 28 VDC. The low power integrated vibrating cylinder pressure sensors with high consumption of less than 7 Watts and its low weight of only accuracy and stability for both static and pitot ports. 2.2 Ibs (1000 grams) have been optimized for applications in state-of-the-art avionics suites. The extensive Built-in-Test The THOMMEN AC32 Digital Air Data Computer exceeds FAA capability guarantees safe operation. Technical Standard Order (TSO) and accuracy requirements. The computed air data parameters are transmitted via the The AC32 is designed to be modular which allows easy configurable ARINC 429 data bus. There are two ARINC 429 maintenance by the operator thanks to the RS232 transmit channels and two receive channels with which baro maintenance interface. The THOMMEN AC32 can be confi correction can be accomplished also. gured for different applications and has excellent hosting capabilities for supplying data to next generation equipment The AC32 meets the requirements for multiple platforms for without altering the system architecture. TAWS, ACAS/TCAS, EGPWS or FMS systems. For customized versions please contact THOMMEN AIRCRAFT EQUIPMENT AG sales department. -
Computer Aided Diagnosis of Technical Condition of the Swpl-1 Helmet Mounted Flight Parameters Display System
Journal of KONBiN 3(31)2014 ISSN 1895-8281 DOI 10.2478/jok-2014-0025 COMPUTER AIDED DIAGNOSIS OF TECHNICAL CONDITION OF THE SWPL-1 HELMET MOUNTED FLIGHT PARAMETERS DISPLAY SYSTEM KOMPUTEROWE DIAGNOZOWANIE STANU TECHNICZNEGO SYSTEMU NAHEŁMOWEGO WYŚWIETLANIA PARAMETRÓW LOTU SWPL-1 Sławomir Michalak, Jerzy Borowski, Andrzej Szelmanowski Air Force Institute of Technology e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract: The paper presents selected results of the work carried out at the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) in the scope of computer diagnostic tests of the SWPL-1 Cyklop helmet mounted flight parameters display system. This system has been designed in such a way that it warns the pilot of dangerous situations occurring on board the helicopter and threatening the flight safety (WARN) or faults (FAIL), which inform about a failure in given on-board equipment. The SWPL-1 system has been awarded the Prize of the President of the Republic of Poland during the 17. International Defense Industry Exhibition in Kielce. Keywords: flight parameters display systems, test methods Streszczenie: W artykule przedstawiono wybrane wyniki prac realizowanych w Instytucie Technicznym Wojsk Lotniczych (ITWL) w zakresie komputerowych badań diagnostycznych nahełmowego systemu wyświetlania parametrów lotu SWPL-1 Cyklop. System ten został zaprojektowany w taki sposób, aby alarmować pilota o wystąpieniu na pokładzie śmigłowca sytuacji niebezpiecznych, zagrażających bezpieczeństwu lotu (WARN) lub stanów awaryjnych (FAIL), informujących o niesprawności wybranych urządzeń pokładowych. Zbudowany system SWPL-1 otrzymał Nagrodę Prezydenta RP na XVII Międzynarodowym Salonie Przemysłu Obronnego MSPO’2009 w Kielcach. Słowa kluczowe: systemy wyświetlania parametrów lotu, metody badań 73 Computer aided diagnosis of technical condition of the SWPL-1 helmet mounted.. -
Airbus Erroneous Radio Altitudes Date Model Phase of Altitude Display / Messages/ Warning Flight 1
Airbus Erroneous Radio Altitudes Date Model Phase of Altitude Display / Messages/ Warning Flight 1. 18.8.2010 A320-232 During 3000 ft low read out & approach Too Low Gear Alert 2. 22.8.2010 A320-232 During 2500 ft Both RAs RA’s fluctuating down to approach 1500 ft + TAWS alerts 3. 23.8.2010 A320-232 RWY 30 200 ft "Retard” + Nav RA degraded 4. 059.2010 . A320-232 RWY 30 200 ft "Retard” + Nav RA degraded 5. 069.2010 . A320-232 After landing Nav RA degraded 6. 13.92010 . A320-232 After landing Nav RA degraded 7. 7.10.2010 A320-232 During Final 170 ft “Retard” RWY 30 8. 24.10.2010 A320-232 During 2500 ft “NAV RA2 fault" approach Date Model Phase of Flight Altitude Display / Messages/ Warning 9. 2610.2010 . A320-232 Right of RWY 30 4000 ft terrain + Pull Up 10. 2401.2011 . A340-300 Visual RWY 30, RA2 showed 50ft, RA1 diduring base turn shdhowed 2400ft, & “LDG no t down” 11. 2601.2011 . A320-232 Right of RWY 30 5000 ft “LDG not down” 12. 13.2.2011 A320-232 After landing Nav RA degraded 13. 15.2.2011 A330-200 PURLA 1C, 800 ft “too low terrain” RWY12 14..2 22 2011 . A320-232 RWY 30 4000 ft 3000ft & low gear and pull takeoff up 15. 23.2.2011 A330-200 SID RWY 30, 500 ft “LDG not down” during climb 11 14 15 9 3, 4, 7 13 1 2,8 10 • All the fa u lty readouts w ere receiv ed from pilots of Airbu s aeroplanes equipped with Thales ERT 530/540 radar altimeter . -
Aviation Glossary
AVIATION GLOSSARY 100-hour inspection – A complete inspection of an aircraft operated for hire required after every 100 hours of operation. It is identical to an annual inspection but may be performed by any certified Airframe and Powerplant mechanic. Absolute altitude – The vertical distance of an aircraft above the terrain. AD - See Airworthiness Directive. ADC – See Air Data Computer. ADF - See Automatic Direction Finder. Adverse yaw - A flight condition in which the nose of an aircraft tends to turn away from the intended direction of turn. Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) – A primary FAA publication whose purpose is to instruct airmen about operating in the National Airspace System of the U.S. A/FD – See Airport/Facility Directory. AHRS – See Attitude Heading Reference System. Ailerons – A primary flight control surface mounted on the trailing edge of an airplane wing, near the tip. AIM – See Aeronautical Information Manual. Air data computer (ADC) – The system that receives and processes pitot pressure, static pressure, and temperature to present precise information in the cockpit such as altitude, indicated airspeed, true airspeed, vertical speed, wind direction and velocity, and air temperature. Airfoil – Any surface designed to obtain a useful reaction, or lift, from air passing over it. Airmen’s Meteorological Information (AIRMET) - Issued to advise pilots of significant weather, but describes conditions with lower intensities than SIGMETs. AIRMET – See Airmen’s Meteorological Information. Airport/Facility Directory (A/FD) – An FAA publication containing information on all airports, seaplane bases and heliports open to the public as well as communications data, navigational facilities and some procedures and special notices. -
Introduction 1 Features
ASX-1 Encoding aviation altimeter with serial output and airspeed Indicator (ASI) Operating Manual – English 1.06 Introduction The ASX-1 altimeter/airspeed combo is a 2 1/4” instrument based on a precision altimeter and a wide range, sensitive airspeed indicator. The altimeter conforms to ANSI standard atmosphere rules from –1000 ft up to a maximum of 30 000 ft.The altimeter includes an encoding serial output that, when used in combination with MGL Avionics CNV-AT, provides a parallel Gillham code interface for transponders. The altimeter can display altitude in feet or meters. Local pressure can be set in millibars or inches of Mercury. The airspeed indicator can show air speeds from 16 to 250 mph and is well suited for use in slow aircraft due to very good sensitivity and linearity at low air speeds. The airspeed indicator as well as altimeter can interface to a static port and the airspeed indicator is based on a standard aviation pitot tube. The airspeed indicator can be set to indicate speeds in statute miles per hour (mph), kilometers per hour (km/h) or nautical miles per hour (knots) with the air-distance being displayed in corresponding units. The airspeed sensitivity can be calibrated by the user to cater for errors caused by pitot tube placement. The ASX-1 also outputs airspeed information via the airtalk protocol for interfacing to the Infinity FF-1 / Velocity FF-3 (fuel flow computer for single or dual fuel tanks) and the SP-X (AHRS) instruments. In addition the ASX-1 provides a 24 entry automatic flight log that stores the duration of each of the last 24 flights, an air- distance trip counter and a current flight timer. -
EASA Safety Information Bulletin
EASA SIB No: 2009 - 12 EASA Safety Information Bulletin SIB No.: 2009 - 12 Issued: 30 April 2009 Subject: Erroneous Low Range Radio Altimeter (LRRA) indications on Boeing 737 aircraft Ref. Publications: Boeing Flight Operations Technical Bulletin 737-09-2 Description: An erroneous Low Range Radio Altimeter (LRRA) indication has been identified in connection with a recent 737-800 accident and there are reports of further incidents attributed to the same cause. Two LRRA systems provide height above ground data to Boeing 737 aircraft systems which include the displays, autothrottle (A/T), autopilots and configuration/ground proximity warning. Data from the left LRRA are used on some Boeing 737 aircraft for the autothrottle logic, regardless of the autopilot selected. When the autothrottle logic senses that the airplane is in landing flare, the thrust levers are retarded to the idle stop. If one LRRA provides erroneous altitude readings, the associated flight deck effects may typically include: • Inappropriate Flight Mode Annunciation (FMA) indication of autothrottle RETARD mode during approach phase with the airplane above 27 feet Above Ground Level (AGL). There will also be corresponding thrust lever movement towards the idle stop. The FMA will continue to indicate RETARD after the thrust levers have reached the idle stop rather than change to ARM. • Large differences between displayed radio altitude. • Inability to engage both autopilots in dual channel approach (APP) mode. • Unexpected removal of the Flight Director Command Bars during approach on the pilot’s side with the erroneous radio altimeter display. • Unexpected Configuration Warnings after takeoff, during approach, or during go-around. This is information only. -
1 Altimeter and Compass Watch Instruction Manual Overview Features • Hour, Minute, Second, Year, Month, Day, Day of Week •
Altimeter and Compass Watch Instruction Manual Overview Figure 1 LCD display description Features • Hour, minute, second, year, • Auto calendar • 12/24 hour format display month, day, day of week • Daily alarm • Dual time • Stopwatch • Difference measurement of • Countdown timer • Altimeter – Barometer Use Altimeter and Barometer • 24 hour memory in • Logbook and logbook • 4 day memory in Barometer Altimeter history • Current absolute • Sea level pressure • Temperature display atmospheric • Electro – luminescent back • Compass • Low battery indicator lighted LCD • Diagnostics (System Reset) Care and Maintenance • Protect your watch from shocks, extreme heat and directly exposure to sunlight. • Don’t try to remove the housing or button of the watch. • Don’t insert any object into the watch. • Always put the watch in a clear, dry and room temperature environment when the watch is not used. • Follow the procedure discussed in the manual only. • Make sure the area around the sensors is free of dust or strong chemical. 1 Quick Reference Guide Figure 2 Quick Reference Guide 2 Time Time Main Mode Path Press (S1) until the mode indicator points to the “TIME” Field 1 Day of week, barometer trend indicator Field 2 Hour, Minute, Second Field 3 Month, day Second animation Outer Circumference Adjust o Hold (S2) for 1 second, the second digit will begin to flash o Press (S2) to select second minute hour 12/24hour year month day o Press (S3) or (S4) to set the function o Press (S1) to accept the setting Daily Alarm Path Press (S2) ×1 from Time Main Mode Field 1 “ON” or “OFF” Field 2 Time of a particular alarm Current time Field 3 Adjust o Press (S3) or (S4) to select the alarm number o Hold (S2) for 1 second, the “ON” or “OFF” will begin to flash o Press (S2) to select “ON” or “OFF” hour minute o Press (S3) or (S4) to set the function o Press (S1) to accept the setting Note “ ” will be displayed when any alarm is enabled. -
G5 Electronic Flight Instrument Pilot's Guide for Certified Aircraft Blank Page SYSTEM OVERVIEW
G5 Electronic Flight Instrument Pilot's Guide for Certified Aircraft Blank Page SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS AFCS ADDITIONAL FEATURES INDEX Blank Page © 2017 Garmin Ltd. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved. This manual reflects the operation of System Software version 5.00 or later. Some differences in operation may be observed when comparing the information in this manual to earlier or later software versions. Garmin International, Inc., 1200 East 151st Street, Olathe, Kansas 66062, U.S.A. Garmin AT, Inc.,2345 Turner Road SE, Salem, OR 97302, U.S.A. Garmin (Europe) Ltd., Liberty House, Hounsdown Business Park, Southampton, Hampshire SO40 9LR U.K. Garmin Corporation, No. 68, Zhangshu 2nd Road, Xizhi District, New Taipei City, Taiwan Web Site Address: www.garmin.com Except as expressly provided herein, no part of this manual may be reproduced, copied, transmitted, disseminated, downloaded or stored in any storage medium, for any purpose without the express written permission of Garmin. Garmin hereby grants permission to download a single copy of this manual and of any revision to this manual onto a hard drive or other electronic storage medium to be viewed for personal use, provided that such electronic or printed copy of this manual or revision must contain the complete text of this copyright notice and provided further that any unauthorized commercial distribution of this manual or any revision hereto is strictly prohibited. Garmin® is a registered trademark of Garmin Ltd. or its subsidiaries. This trademark may not be used without the express permission of Garmin. December, 2017 190-01112-12 Rev. A Printed in the U.S.A.