Appendix: Chronology of Irish History 1590–2006

1595–1603 Rebellion of Hugh O’Neill, Earl of Tyrone. September 1601 Spanish army lands at Kinsale. December 1601 Tyrone and ‘Red Hugh’ O’Donnell defeated at the Battle of Kinsale. March 1603 Surrender of Tyrone at Mellifont. September 1607 Flight of the Earls (including Tyrone and Tyrconnell) from Lough Swilly. January 1621 Patents granted from plantations in Leitrim, King’s County (Offaly), Queen’s County (Laois) and Westmeath. August 1632 Compilation of the Annals of the Four Masters completed. October 1641 Outbreak of rebellion in Ulster. 1642–9 Confederation of Kilkenny: government of Catholic Confederates. August 1649 Oliver Cromwell arrives in Dublin as civil and military Governor of Ireland. September 1649 Massacre at Drogheda. October 1649 Massacre at Waterford. May 1650 Cromwell returns to England. August 1652 Act for the settlement of Ireland. 1652–3 Cromwellian land confiscations. 1660–5 Restoration land settlement. March 1669 James II lands in Ireland. April 1689 Siege of Derry begins. July 1690 Battle of the Boyne. The forces of James II defeated by those of William of Orange. October 1691 Treaty of Limerick. 1691–1703 Williamite land confiscations. September 1695 Beginning of the Penal Laws; acts restricting the rights of Catholics to religious freedom, to education, to bear arms etc.

269 270 Appendix

April 1720 Declaratory Act defines right of English parliament to legislate for Ireland. Winter 1740–Spring 1741 ‘Bliadhain an Áir’ (‘The year of the Slaughter’): large-scale famine, with a mortality estimated at over 200,000 in a population of 2 million. 1745 Foundation of the Rotunda Hospital, the first ‘lying-in’ maternity hospital in Europe. October 1761 Beginnings of the Whiteboy movement in Munster. 1766 First Magdalen Asylum in Dublin, founded by Lady Arabella Denny. March 1778 Beginning of Volunteer Movement, first company enrolled in Belfast. April 1783 British Renunciation Act acknowledges exclusive right of the Irish parliament to legislate for Ireland (inaugurates ‘Grattan’s Parliament). October 1791 Foundation of the Society of United Irishmen in Belfast. April 1792 and April 1793 Catholic Relief Acts allow Catholics to practise law and give parliamentary franchise. September 1795 Foundation of the Orange Order. 1798 Rebellion of the United Irishmen which begins in Leinster (May); outbreaks in Ulster ( June), French Forces land in Killaha (August) and surrender (September). August 1800 Act of Union dissolves Irish parliament and declares legislative union. January 1801 Act of Union takes effect. July 1803 Robert Emmett’s rebellion in Dublin; Emmett is executed in September. Autumn 1816 Failure of the potato crop leads to a major famine, the first since 1742. May 1823 The Foundation of the Catholic Association by Daniel O’ Connell. 1825 William Thompson and Anna Doyle Wheeler publish ‘Appeal of One Half of the Human Race, Women, Against the Pretensions of the Other, Men’. July 1828 Daniel O’Connell elected MP for Clare. Appendix 271

April 1829 Catholic Emancipation Act enables Catholics to enter parliament and to hold civil and military offices. September 1831 State system of National education introduced. June 1837 Accession of Victoria. April 1840 Repeal association founded. June 1841 Census of Ireland: population of island 8,175,124. 1842 ‘The Nation’ newspaper founded by Thomas Davis. 1844 Queen’s University founded, with colleges in Belfast, Dublin, Cork and Galway. September 1845 Arrival of the potato blight is first noted. June 1846 Repeal of the Corn Laws. August 1846 Recurrence of the potato blight, large mortality in the winter of 1846–7. May 1847 Death of Daniel O’Connell. July 1848 Abortive rising by William Smith O’Brien in Ballingarry, Co. Tipperary. Beginning of the short-lived Young Ireland rebellion. March 1851 Census of Ireland: population is 6,552,385. March 1858 James Stephens founds Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB) in Dublin. April 1859 Fenian Brotherhood established in America. 1867 Fenian Rising in Ireland. Execution of the Fenian ‘Manchester Martyrs’ in November. July 1869 Irish church Act disestablished the Church of Ireland. May 1870 Issac Butt founds the Home Government association; beginning of the Home Rule Movement. August 1870 Gladstone’s first Land Act. 1871 Isabella Tod founds the Northern Society for Women’s Suffrage. 1872 Anna and Thomas Haslam found the Dublin Women’s Suffrage Association. 1876 Society for the Preservation of the Irish Language founded. August 1876 Charles Stuart Parnell elected President of the Home Rule Confederation of Great Britain. 272 Appendix

1877 National Library of Ireland established. 1879 Royal University Act allows women into Higher Education. August 1879 Foundation of the National Land League of Mayo by Michael Davitt. October 1879 Foundation of Irish National Land League by Davitt and Parnell. May 1880 Parnell elected chairman of Irish Parliamentary Party (IPP). October 1880 Foundation of the Ladies’ Land League in New York. August 1881 Gladstone’s second Land Act. May 1882 ‘Phoenix Park’ murders of Lord Frederick Cavendish and Thomas Burke. November 1884 Foundation of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA). June 1886 Gladstone’s Home Rule Bill defeated. October 1886 Announcement of ‘Plan of Campaign’ to withhold rents on certain estates. October 1891 Death of Parnell. July 1893 Foundation of the Gaelic League (Conradh na Gaeilge). September 1893 Second Home Rule Bill passed by the House of Commons but defeated in the House of Lords. 1896 Women can be elected as Poor Law Guardians. August 1899 Irish Local Government Act. May 1899 First production by Irish Literary Theatre. 1900 Visit of Queen Victoria to Ireland. Foundation of Inghínidhe na hÉireann led by Maud Gonne. September 1900 Foundation of Cumann na nGaedheal led by Arthur Griffith. March 1901 Census of Ireland: population 4,458,775. August 1903 Wyndham Land Act. 1904 Trinity College, Dublin opens all its degrees to women. December 1904 Opening of the Abbey Theatre. April 1907 Cumann na nGaedheal and Dungannon Clubs become Sinn Féin League. December 1908 Foundation of the Irish Transport Workers Union (later ITGWU). Appendix 273

1908 Bean na hÉireann, Ireland’s first women’s newspaper, published by Inghínidhe na hÉireann. May 1908 Foundation of the Irishwomen’s Franchise League. 1911 Founding of Women Workers Union. April 1911 Census of Ireland: population 4, 381,951. April 1912 Third Home Rule Bill passed by House of Commons; twice defeated in the Lords ( January and July 1913). September 1912 Solemn League and Covenant signed in Ulster. January 1913 Foundation of Ulster Volunteer Force. August 1913 Beginning of ITGWU strike in Dublin, becomes a general lockout. November 1913 Formation of Irish Citizen Army and Irish Volunteers. March 1914 ‘Curragh mutiny’: resignation by 60 cavalry officers in British army at Kildare. April 1914 Ulster Volunteer Force gunrunning. April 1914 Foundation of Cumann na mBan. May 1914 Home Rule Bill passes again in the Commons. July 1914 Howth gunrunning by Irish Volunteers. August 1914 Outbreak of World War I. September 1914 Home Rule Bill suspended; John Redmond calls on Irish Volunteer to support British war effort; movement splits into National (pro-Redmond) and Irish (anti-Redmond) Volunteers. April 1916 Easter Rising. May 1916 Execution of rebel leaders. December 1918 General election called; women over 30 have the vote. Sinn Féin victory in election. Countess Markievicz is first woman elected to the British Parliament but she does not take her seat. January 1919 First meeting of Dáil Éireann at Mansion House with Eamon De Valera elected president. 1919 Irish Volunteer organisation increasingly known as Irish republican Army (IRA). 1919–21 Irish War of Independence/Anglo-Irish War. January 1920 First recruits of British ex-soldiers (‘Black and Tans’) join the Royal; Irish Constabulary. 274 Appendix

December 1920 Government of Ireland Act provides for creation of separate parliaments in Dublin and Belfast. June 1921 George V opens Northern Irish parliament. July 1921 Truce between IRA and British Army. December 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty signed. January 1922 Treaty approval by Dáil Éireann (64 to 57); Cumann na mBan among the groups which reject the Treaty. Establishment of Irish Free State. June 1922 Beginning of Irish Civil War between pro- Treaty (Free State) and anti-Treaty (Republican) forces. April 1923 Cumann na nGaedheal (political party) founded as first new post-independent party. April 1923 Suspension of Republican campaign. July 1923 Censorship of Films Act. September 1923 Irish free State enters League of Nations 1923 W. B. Yeats is awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. 1925 George Bernard Shaw awarded Nobel Prize for Literature. November 1925 Findings of Boundary commission leaked. April 1926 Census of Ireland: population of Irish Free State: 2,971,992; population of Northern Ireland: 1,256,561. May 1926 Foundation of Fianna Fáil. 1928 Irish Manuscripts Commission founded. July 1929 Censorship of Publications Act. 1930 Ireland elected to the Council of the league of Nations. February 1932 Fianna Fáil win general election. June 1932 Thirty-first International Eucharistic Congress held in Dublin. September 1933 Foundation of Fine Gael (replaces Cumann na Ngaedheal). June 1936 IRA declared illegal. June 1937 De Valer’s new constitution (Bunreacht na hÉire- ann) approved; Éire declared official name of state. June 1938 Douglas Hyde becomes first president of Ireland. September 1939 Éire’s policy of neutrality announced. Appendix 275

1939–45 ‘Emergency’ years. April and May Air raids on Belfast. 1941 1947 Beginning of the Rural Electrification Scheme. February 1948 Fianna Fáil losses overall majority; replaced by Coalition government under John A. Costello. December 1948 Republic of Ireland Act under which Éire becomes Republic of Ireland and leaves Commonwealth. April 1951 Catholic hierarchy condemns ‘Mother and Child’ Scheme; resignation of Dr. Noël Browne as Minster of Health. December 1955 Republic of Ireland joins United Nations. December 1956 IRA begins campaign on Northern Border. 1957 Ban on married women national teachers lifted. June 1959 De Valera elected president. December 1961 RTÉ (Radio Telefís Éireann) begins television service. March 1963 Terence O’Neill becomes prime minister of Northern Ireland. 1965 Succession Act – widows entitled to the family home and one half of the estate where there are no children, otherwise entitled to one third of the estate. 1966 Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF), loyalist paramilitary group founded. January 1967 Foundation of Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association. August–October Civil rights marches in Northern Ireland; clashes 1968 between marchers and police in Derry mark beginning of ‘the Troubles’. 1969 Samuel Beckett awarded Nobel Prize for Literature. January 1970 IRA Splits into Official IRA and Provisional IRA. 1970 First Commission on the Status of Women set up; Women’s Liberation Movement founded. August 1970 Foundation of the Social democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) in Northern Ireland. August 1971 Internment introduced in Northern Ireland. October 1971 Ian Paisley founds Democratic Unionist Party (DUP). 276 Appendix

30 January 1972 ‘Bloody Sunday’: 14 civilians killed and 12 wounded in Derry by British army March 1972 Stormont parliament in Belfast suspended; direct rule from London introduced. 21 July 1972 ‘Bloody Friday’: 22 bombs set off in Belfast by IRA; nine people killed and about 130 wounded. January 1973 Republic of Ireland joins European Economic Community (EEC). 1973 Marriage Bar lifted; married women in Public service no longer lose their jobs. May 1974 Ulster Worker’s Council declares general strike. 1974 Anti-discrimination Pay Act. December 1975 Suspension of internment without trial in Northern Ireland. 1977 Employment Equality Act passed; Employment Equality Agency is set up. September 1979 Pope John Paul II visits Ireland. October– Hunger strikes in Maze and Armagh jails. December 1980 May–August 1981 Ten IRA and Irish National Liberation Army (INLA) hunger-strikers die, including Bobby Sands (elected MP, April 1980). 1982 First Minister of State for Women’s Affairs. September 1983 Amendment to constitution passed by referen- dum, seeking to prevent any possible legalisation of abortion. May 1884 Report of New Ireland Forum is published. November 1985 Anglo-Irish Agreement signed by Garret Fitzgerald and Margaret Thatcher. June 1986 Referendum upholds constitutional ban on divorce. May 1987 Referendum approves Single European Act. November 1990 Mary Robinson elected president of Ireland. November 1992 Referendum held on three abortion related issues; the right to travel and the right to information supported. December 1993 Downing Street Declaration signed by Albert Reynolds and John Major. August and IRA and Loyalist paramilitaries declare ceasefires October 1994 (later suspended and restored). Appendix 277

October 1995 Seamus Heaney awarded Nobel Prize for Literature. November 1995 Referendum allowing divorce is carried. October 1997 Mary McAleese is elected president of Ireland. April 1998 Good Friday agreement is negotiated and endorsed in referendums in Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland (May). December 1999 Northern Irish Assembly meets. 2001 Census of population of Northern Ireland: 1,685,267. June 2001 Irish voters reject the Treaty of Nice designed to pave the way for 12 new members of the EU. November 2001 The Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI) established, replacing the RUC (Royal Ulster Constabulary). March 2002 Abortion referendum seeking a total ban on abortion in the Republic is defeated. April 2002 Census of population of Republic of Ireland: 3,917,203. May 2002 Fianna Fáil are returned to power in a general election. July 2002 IRA issues an apology for the hundreds of civil- ian deaths over the last 30 years. October 2002 Second referendum on the Treaty of Nice is successful. March 2004 The Republic of Ireland bans smoking in all enclosed workplaces, which included restaurants, pubs and bars. June 2004 Irish voters overwhelmingly approve a consti- tutional amendment to tighten the citizenship laws. November 2004 Mary McAleese is inaugurated for a second seven-year term as President of Ireland. December 2004 In Northern Ireland, armed robbers steal over £22 million from the headquarters of the Northern Bank. Unionists and the PSNI hold the IRA responsible, stalling the peace process. October 2005 Irish author John Banville wins the prestigious Booker Prize for fiction with his 14th novel, The Sea. 278 Appendix

July 2006 A government report says Ireland’s population has surged this year to a modern high of more than 4.2 million people, largely because of immigrants from the newest EU nations. This chronology is based, in part, on chronologies in The Cambridge History of Irish Literature (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2006), Margaret Kelleher and Philip O’Leary (eds), and in A New History of Ireland, vol. VIII: A Chronology of Irish History to 1976 (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1983), T. W. Moody, F. X. Martin and F. J. Byrne (eds). Contributors

Catherine Cox is a Lecturer in the School of History and Archives, University College Dublin (UCD), a Director of the Centre for the History of Medicine in Ireland and Director of Research, School of History and Archives. Her research interests include the history of mental illness and the spread of ‘medical knowledge’ in eighteenth- and nineteenth- century society and she has published widely in these areas. Her book Managing Insanity in Nineteenth-Century Ireland (2008) is forthcoming from Manchester University Press.

Maura Cronin is a Senior Lecturer, History Department and Co- ordinator of the Oral History Centre, Mary Immaculate College, Limerick. Author of Country, Class or Craft: The Politicisation of the Skilled Artisan in Nineteenth-Century Cork (Cork University Press 1994) and numerous articles on nineteenth- and twentieth-century social history.

Nancy J. Curtin is Professor of History and Director of the Institute of Irish Studies at Fordham University in New York City. She is the author of The United Irishmen: Popular Politics in Belfast and Dublin 1791–98 (Oxford, 1994) and co-author with Marilyn Cohen of Reclaiming Gender: Transgressive Identities in Modern Ireland (New York, 1999) as well as many book chapters and articles on political culture. A former president of the American Conference for Irish Studies, she has also served from 1996 to 2001 as co-editor of Éire-Ireland: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Irish Studies.

Margaret Kelleher is Director of An Foras Feasa: The Institute for Research in Irish Historical and Cultural Traditions, NUI Maynooth. She is the author of The Feminization of Famine (Cork UP and Duke UP, 2007) and co-editor, with Philip O’Leary, of The Cambridge History of Irish Literature (Cambridge UP, 2006). She has published extensively in the area of famine studies, Irish literary history, and women’s writings.

Vera Kreilkamp is Professor of English at Pine Manor College, Visiting Professor with the Irish Studies Program at Boston College and

279279 280 Contributors

Co-editor (for literature and the arts) of Éire-Ireland: an Interdisciplinary Journal of Irish Studies. Her research and publishing are in the areas of nineteenth- and twentieth-century Irish fiction, as well as Ireland’s visual arts.

Leeann Lane is a graduate of University College Cork (UCC) and Boston College. She is co-ordinator of Irish Studies at Mater Dei Institute of Education Dublin City University (DCU). She is completing a biography of Rosamond Jacob and working on the children’s novelist Patricia Lynch.

Mary McAuliffe is a graduate of the School of History, Trinity College Dublin (TCD). She lectures on Women in Irish history on the Women’s Studies Programme, School of Social Justice, UCD. Her research interests include medieval Irish women and power, female representations and identities in Irish History, feminist and gender historiography and Irish feminist histories. She is secretary of the Women’s History Association of Ireland (WHAI).

Patrick Maume has lectured on politics (Queens University Belfast (QUB) 1995–2001) and modern Irish history (UCD 1994–5, QUB 2001–3). He is currently a researcher on the Royal Irish Academy’s Dictionary of Irish Biography. His publications include biographies of Daniel Corkery (1993) and D. P. Moran (1995), and he has edited ten texts in the UCD Press Classics of Irish History reprint series. His particular interests include print culture and media history, nationalism and unionism, the Home Rule era and the history of the Irish diaspora.

William Murphy is a lecturer in Irish Studies at Mater Dei Institute of Education, Dublin City University. His research interests include the Irish revolution, prison history, sports history and the Irish diaspora.

Katherine O’Donnell is a Senior Lecturer, Women’s Studies, School of Social Justice in University College Dublin. She has published widely on Irish literature and the history of sexuality.

Michelle O’Riordan is an Assistant Professor in the School of Celtic Studies, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies. She is author of Irish Bardic Poetry and Rhetorical Reality (Cork University Press, 2007); The Gaelic Mind and the Collapse of the Gaelic World (Cork University Press, 1990); and co-editor of Celtica 22 (1991), and Celtica 23 (1999). Contributors 281

Niamh Puirséil lectures in the School of History and Archives, UCD. Her research focuses on politics and society in independent Ireland and Irish labour and radical movements. Her publications include The Irish Labour Party, 1922–73 (UCD Press, 2007) and Essays in Irish Labour History, A Festscrift for Elizabeth and John W. Boyle (Irish Academic Press, 2008) (jointly edited with Francis Devine and Fintan Lane). She is joint editor of Saothar, the journal of the Irish Labour History Society. Index

Aalen, F.A.A. 161–163 Political Iconography 248, 259 Abbey Theatre, the 232, 243–244 Portraiture 257–258 Act on Union, the x, 9, 36, 38, 39, Revivalist Ireland 253, 258–259 50, 52, 102, 175–176 Visual Imagery 247–248, 251, 267 Akenson, Donald Harman 130–131, Asylums: 181–182, 184, 186–187, 133, 135, 136, 138–145 189–190 Allen, Kiernan 118–119 Catholic Asylums 178 America: 171 County Asylums 173 American Revolution, the 76–77 Lunatic Asylums 169, 173, Irish-America 87, 94–95, 132, 139, 180–182 144, 146 Connaught District Lunatic North America 129, 132, 141–142 Asylum 181 ancien régime, the 71, 73–75, 83 Magdalen asylums 174–175, Andrew, J.H. 151, 161–162 177–178, 181–182, 187–201, 219 Anglo-Irish Agreement, the 33, 47 Female Orphan House, the 175 Anglo-Irish Trade Agreement, the 45 House of Refuge, the 175 Anglo-Irish Treaty, the (1921) 43–45, Quaker Asylums 186 205–206, 220 Richmond Lunatic Asylum, Anglo-Irish, the 5, 42, 133, 233–235, the 173 236, 240, 244, 256, 260 Atrocity 59, 60, 81 Anthony Coughlan 110, 123–124 Augusteijn, Joost 24, 44 Anti-Parnellite 17–18, 40 Australia 129, 136, 138, 145–146, Anti-Partition campaign, the 30, 32 171 Anti-Partition Party, the 30 Irish-Australians 146 Archaeology 148, 150, 153 Armagh, Co. 152, 156, 163 Bakers Union, the 115, 125 Arnold, Matthew 257 Balfour, Gerald 17, 21 Arnold, Mavis 181, 189 Ballagh, Robert 261 Art: 248–269 Bane, Liam 156, 166 Art History 248–249, 264–266 Banim, John 233, 244 Estate Portraits 255 Bardic Poetry 55, 229, 243 Fine Art 247–249, 252, 254, 255, Barnard, Toby 233, 244 259 Barnes, Jane 178, 188 Free State Period 258, 260–261, Barret, George 256 265 Barrett, Cyril 254, 257, 266 Free-State Iconography 269 Barry, James 257, 258 Illustration 248–252, 266 Barry, Ursula 211 Irish Genre Painting 251–252 Bartlett, Thomas 75, 83, 197, 217, Irish Landscape, the 255–256, 260 229, 243 Irish Topographical Tradition, Battle of Kinsale, the 148 the 256 Bean na hÉireann 202, 219 National Art 254, 259, 267 Beaumont, Catriona 207 Nationalist Imagery 254, 257 Beckett, J.C. 233, 244

282 Index 283

Begley, Rev. John 148, 161 Burke, Helen 178–179, 186 Belfast 172, 174, 186 Burtchael, Jack 154, 162, 165 Belfast Charitable Society, the 172 Butler, Lady 258 Bennett, Judith M. 194, 214, 216 Butt, Isaac 14, 39, 40 Bennett, Louie 204 Bentham, Jeremy 171 Caball, Marc 229, 243 Beresford Ellis, Peter 116 Callanan, Frank 18, 41 Bernadette Whelan 109, 125 Campbell, Francis 136 Bew, Paul 4, 18, 20, 22, 30, 40, 41, Canada 138–139, 143–144, 146 42, 47, 108, 118 Canny, Nicholas 50, 53, 54–56, 58, Bhreathnach-Lynch, Síghle 260, 69, 78–79, 235, 237, 245 265, 266–267 Carden, Sheila 23 Biagini, Eugenio 19, 24, 44 Carey, P. 60, 81 Bielenberg, Andy 136, 142–145 Caribbean, the 135, 145 Big House, the 156, 160, 166, 168 Carleton, William 90, 98 Black Prophet 90, 98 Carlow, 152, 173 Blair, Tony 91 Carlyle, Thomas 255 Blueshirts, the 21, 27, 45 Carpenter, Andrew 235, 237, 245 Boland, Harry 44 Carr, John 255 Bolster, Evelyn 156, 166 Carr, Peter 153, 164 Bolton, G.C. 9, 38 Carroll, Clare 72, 83 Border Counties Historical Collective, Carson, Edward 22, 42 the 149 Catholic Church, the 110, 174, 180, Bourke, Angela 157, 167, 215, 221, 209, 210, 222, 226, 228, 230, 225, 242 235, 236, 237, 240, 246 Bourke, Joanna 208 Anti-Catholic 63, 71 Bourke, Marcus 15 Catholic Emancipation 9–11, 21, Bowman, Terence 22 148, 226, 229 Boyle, Connell 157, 166 Catholic Hierarchy, the 8, 30, 66, Boyle, John W. 115, 116, 124 174 Bracken, David 73, 83 Catholic Literature, a 230, 244 Bradley, Anthony 213, 216 Catholic Middle classes 174 Bradshaw, Brendan vii, xi, 3, 35, Catholicism 50, 56, 63, 66, 68–69, 193, 216, 223, 229, 242 132, 194, 227–232, 237 Brady, Ciaran 216, 223, 242 Irish Catholic 52, 55–56, 63, 66, Breathnach, Ciara 208, 220 68–69, 72, 74–75, 79, 82–83, Britain 101–103, 106, 108, 111, 114, 194, 197, 199, 197 122, 127–129, 137, 140–141, Irish Catholic Church, the 156, 146, 171, 175–176, 187 167, 222 Brockliss, Laurence 12 Non-Catholic 175, 199 Brown, Michael 9 Céitinn, Seathrún 52 Brown, Terence 227, 232, 238, 243, Celtic Tiger, the 100, 131 245–246 Censorship 29, 46 Browne, Noel 30, 46 Central Bank, the 100, 107 Brubaker, Rogers 130, 142 Centre for the Study of Historic Buckland, Patrick 21–22, 32, 42, Houses and Estates, the 156 233, 244 Chaliand, Gérard 132, 142, 144 Bull, Philip 20, 42 Chambers, Liam 9, 74, 83 Burke, Edmund 255–256 Childs, John 64, 81 284 Index

Civil Rights Movement, the 32, 47, Connolly, S. J. 224, 242–243 116 Connolly, Sean 228, 238, 243–244 Civil War, the 26–27, 33, 38, 42, Constitutional Nationalists 7, 11, 16 44–45, 114, 203, 206, 218 Coogan, Tim Pat 28, 44, 46, 131 Clann na Poblachta 30, 47 Cork 150, 152–154, 156, 159–160, Clare, Co. 152, 165, 172 172–175, 181 Clark, Aidan 237, 245 Corkery, Daniel 231–232, 234, 236, Clarke, Anna 180, 189 244–245 Clarke, Kathleen 44 Corp, Edward 73, 83 Clarke, Tom 24 Cosgrave government, the 25, 27, 28 Clarkson, J.D. 113 Costello, John A. 127 Clarkson, L.A. 107, 121–122, 125 Counter-Reformation, the 50, 52, Clarkson, Leslie 151, 163 65–66, 70–71 Clear, Catriona 199, 208–209 Cowell, John 202, 219 Cleary, Bridget 158, 167, 225, 242 Cox, Catherine 169 Cleary, Joe 222–223, 241–242 Crawford Art Gallery, Cork, the 252, Cleary, Michael 225 266 Cohen, Marilyn 169, 184 Crofton, Sir Walter 171, 185 Cohen, Robin 130, 132–133, 142, 144 Cromwell, Oliver 61, 63–64, 69, 81, Collège des Irlandaises 74–75 135 Collins, Michael 24, 44, 47 Cronin, Elizabeth 156, 166 Colonial historians viii Cronin, Maura 147, 224, 242 Colonisation 59, 75, 152, 226–227, Cronin, Michael 27, 45 229, 243 Cross, Dorothy 261, 264, 268 Colony 56, 57, 71, 80 Crossman, Virginia 180, 183, 186, Colum, Padraic 23, 43 189, 190 Colvin, Ian 22, 42 Crotty, Raymond 109 Comerford, R.V. 15, 16, 27, 40 Crowley, Tony 51–52, 78–79 Commemorative; Famine Cruise O’Brien, Conor 17, 41–42 Activities 90, 91 Cullen Owens, Rosemary 198, 202 Period 91, 94 Cullen, Fintan 247, 249–251, 254, Practices 95 257, 258, 260, 264, 265–268 Ritual 94 Cullen, L.M. (Louis) 7, 37, 38, 104, Commemorative: 1798 122, 128–129, 141–142, 145, 1798 Commemorations 196 228, 234, 243, 245 Communist Party Historians Group, Cullen, Luke 7, 36, 37 the 115 Cullen, Mary 191, 204, 206, 215, Confederate Association of Catholics, 216–217, 219 the 58, 79 Cumann na mBan 198, 201, 202, Confederated Catholics 58 204–206, 218, 220 Confessional State, the 51, 65–66, 68 Cumann na nGaedhael 26, 43, 45–46 Confessionalisation 65–66 Cummings, Pauline 262 Confinement 169–172, 178, 180, Cunningham, Bernadette 50, 55, 200–201 56–58, 78, 80 Connell, Ken 103, 105, 106 Currie, Austen 33, 47 Connolly, Eileen 209, 220 Curtin, Nancy vii, 8, 38, 195, 214, Connolly, James 24, 36, 37, 44, 112, 217, 221 114–116, 123, 201, 203, 219 Curtis, L.P. 233, 244 Connolly, Linda 209–210, 220 Curtis, Perry 248, 265 Index 285

D’Alton, Ian 154, 164, 233, 244 Dublin Women’s Suffrage Society, D’Arcy, Fergus 116 the 203 Dáil Éireann 24, 27, 37, 43–44, 130, Dudley Edwards, Owen 46 143, 205–206, 219–220 Dudley Edwards, R. 3, 102–103, 121 Daly, Mary E. 100–101, 109, Dudley Edwards, R. vii, 3, 102–103, 119–121, 123, 125, 183, 185, 121 187, 190, 193, 207, 216, 220 Dudley Edwards, Ruth 23, 40, 43 Darcy, Patrick 53–54, 79 Duffy, James 230 Davis, Thomas 5, 12–13, 39, 253, Duffy, P.J. 255, 262, 266–267 254–256, 266 Duffy, Rita 262 de Blacam, Aodh 231 Dunne, Tom 8, 38, 224, 229, 233, de Burgh, Ulick John 156 242–244 de Latocnaye, Chevalier 255 Dunphy, Richard 118 Deane, Seamus 234, 236, 242, DUP (Democratic Unionist Party) 33 244–245 Decolonisation 227, 259 Eagleton, Terry 94, 260, 268 Delaney, Enda 127, 131, 141–142, Early Modern Irish Women 195–197, 144 217 Delany, William 156 Earner-Byrne, Lindsay 182, 187, Denny, Lady Arabella 175, 219 190 Department of Finance, the 100, 108 Easter Rising vii, Derry, Co. 151, 152, 158, 162–163, Eastwood, David 12 166, 167 Economic History: 100–128 Desmond Greaves, C. 115, 117, economic malaise 101 124–125 economic performance 101, 108 DeValera, Eamon 27–28, 30–31, 37, economic policy 109 39, 43, 45–46, 103, 204, 260 economic underdevelopment 101 Devereux, Eoin 153, 164 Economic History Society, the 105 Devlin, Paddy 33, 47 Economic War, the 108, 122 Devotional Works 52, 55–56, 72, 79 Edward T. McCarron 154, 164 Devotional World 69, 82 Edwards, David 59, 60, 67–69, 81 Dickson, David 6, 36, 38, 75, 83, Emergency, the 28, 46 105, 122–123 Emigration: 85, 87, 95–96, 98, 106, Dillon, James 30, 46, 13 123, 142, 144–145 Dillon, John 17, 19 Emigration patterns 133 Doherty, Willie 263 Emigration Studies 142 Donegal, Co. 154, 156, 158, 162, Exodus 128, 132, 141 164–167 Famine emigration 129 Donnelly, James S. 89–90, 97–98, 153, Irish emigration 128–129, 131, 161, 163, 166, 250–251, 266 134, 141 Dooley, Terence 155–156, 160, 165, Migration 128–145, 263, 268 166–168 Ulster emigration 142 Dorian, Hugh 91 England: 52, 54, 57–59, 61–64, 68, Down, Co. 151, 153, 155, 157, 160, 72, 101, 103, 113, 115, 131, 163, 166 132, 172, 177, 182, 184, 186, Drogheda 63–64, 669, 81 187, 237 Dublin 102, 111–114, 151–154, 156, English Catholics 67–68 159, 161–162, 171–174, 175, English Civil War 63, 79 178, 180, 183, 186–188 English colony, the 237, 238 286 Index

England (continued) Fitzgerald, Alexis 104 Old English 50, 53, 55–56, 58, 66, Fitzgerald, Garrett 34 67–69, 70–71, 78, 237–238, 245 Fitzpatrick, David 92, 97–98, 152, Old English Catholics 58, 226, 154, 163–164, 180, 187, 189 236 Fitzpatrick, Sir Jeremiah 171 Engles, Fredrich 110 Flanagan, Edward Fr. 181 English, Richard 117, 124 Flight of the Earls, the 52, 78 Established Church, the 52, 67 Flynn, Charles 159, 168 European Economic Community Folklore 148 (EEC) 106, 108 Ford, Alan 65, 81 European Recovery Plan 109 Foster, R.F. (Roy) 23, 42, 48, 94, 98, Eviction 86, 97 222–224, 232–233, 235, 236, 238, 239, 240–242, 245–246, Fallen women 175, 178, 200–201 249, 252, 265–266 Fallon, Rosaleen 157, 166 Foucault, Michel 182, 184 Fanning, Ronan 106, 107, 121 Fox, R.M. 114, 124 Federation of Local History Societies, Foxton, David 24 the 148, 161 Free trade 102, 106 Feingold, William 183 Freeman’s Journal, the 12 Female religious orders 174, 175, French, Robert 156, 166 178, 181, 199–200 Fry, Elizabeth 171 Feminism: 198, 201–202, 209–210, Furlong, Nicholas 196, 217 213–214, 216, 218–219, 221, 223, 262 Gabaccia, Donna R. 139, 146 Cultural Feminism 210–211 Gaelic Athletic Association, the 158 Feminist 193–195, 198, 202–204, Gaelic Ireland 52, 67, 234 207, 209, 211, 214–215, 210, Gaelic Irish 55, 66–67, 69, 226, 247, 248 235–236, 237–238 Feminist Historians 194, 196 Gaelic Language 233 Feminist History 210 Gaelic League, the 43, 45, 235, 241, Irish Feminism 202, 209–210, 219 243 Lesbian Feminism 210 Gaelic Literature 232 Lesbian Feminist 213 Gaelicisation 227–228, 230, 232 Non-Feminist 194, 198, 207 Gahan, Daniel 9, 38 Second Wave Feminism 193, Gailey, Andrew 21, 42 209–210 Galicia 69–70, 71, 82 Feminist History Forum, the 191 Gallagher, Michael 118 Fenians, the: 15–16, 27, 40 Garvin, Tom 26, 29, 34, 45, 46, 48 Fenian Rising, the 15 Gaughan, J. Anthony 117 Fenianism 15–16, 40 Gavan Duffy, Charles 11, 38, 39 Ferriter, Diarmuid 28, 35, 215, 239 Geary, Lawrence 169, 177, 181, 184, Fianna Fáil 7, 13, 25, 27–31, 34, 37, 186–188, 224, 242 39, 45–46, 50, 108, 109, 118, 122 Gender History 194, 195, 214–216 Field Day Monographs, the 232, 239 Gender analysis 194–195, 200, Fine Gael 25, 34, 45 206, 215–216 Finnane, Mark 176, 187 Gender difference 207, 209 Finnegan, Frances 181, 189 Gender inequalities 210 Fisk, Robert 28, 46 Gender regime 209 Fitt, Gerry 33, 47 Gendered nature 206, 208 Index 287

Geoghegan, Patrick 9, 38 Haslam, Anna 202, 203 Geographical studies 147, 149, 152 Haslam, Thomas 202, 203 Gerald of Wales 57 Haughey, Charles 34 Gibbons. Luke 226, 227, 243, 257, Haverty, Anne 205 267 Hayes, Joanne 210–211, 221 Gibson, Rev. C.B. 148, 161 Hazelkorn, Ellen 118 Gillespie, Raymond 152, 160, 162, Healy, T.M. 18, 20, 41 163–164, 167, 236, 244–245, Heaney, Seamus 92 264 Henry, Gráinne 137, 145 Girvin, Brian 29, 34, 46–48, 108, Henry, Paul 257, 259, 260 118 Hepburn, A.C. 117 Gladstone, William 16–17, 40, 42 Hill, Jacqueline 6, 37 Glendinning, Victoria 213 Historiography 2, 8–9, 11, 17, 22, Good Friday Agreement, the 135 26, 28, 31, 38, 46, 103, 105, Gore-Booth, Eva 205, 213 121, 169–171, 175, 178, Grace, Daniel 159, 165, 168 181–183, 193, 214, 223, Graham, Brian 222–225, 241, 242 234–237, 247, 251 Graham, Colin 223, 241 History and Society series, the 149, 152 Grattan, Henry 7, 37 Hobsbawn, Eric 115 Grattan’s Parliament 6–7, 37 Hogan, James 25, 44 Gray, Peter 15, 84, 87, 90, 97, 98, Home Rule 11, 14, 16–20, 22, 39, 249, 250, 266 41–42 Great Famine, the vii, 12–15, 39–40, Hopkinson, Michael 24, 44 84–85, 88, 93–95, 97–98, Horgan, John 46, 47 128–129, 132–133, 143, 172, Houston, C.J. 133, 144 175, 183, 186, 188–189, 251 Howard, John 171 An drochshaol 89 Howlin, Brendan 134 An gorta mór 89 Hughes, Howard 152, 163 Irish Famine, the 84–99, 185, 186, Hume, David 33, 47 249–251, 266 Hume, John 33, 47 phytophthora infestans 85 Hunger Memorial, the 96 Post-famine 176, 258 Hunt, Tom 153, 164 Potato blight 85, 87, 89 Potato Famine 185, 250, 266 Identity: 222 Relief programmes 90 Cultural Identity 225, 227 Grene, Nicholas 227, 235, 243, 245 Historical Identity 235 Griffith, Arthur 23, 43 Irish Identity 222, 226 Griffith’s Valuation 154 National Identity 222 Grogan, Nathaniel 252 Nationalist Identity 238 Guinnane, Timothy 179, 188–189 Self Identity 222, 229 Gulliver 155, 165 Unionist Identity 238 Gwynn, Denis 19, 41 Ignatieff, Michael 172, 184, 185 Gwynn, Stephen 19, 41 In a State 261, 262, 268 Inghinidhe na hÉireann 203, 218 Haines, Robin 15, 40 Inglis, Tom 211–212, 220–221 Hamilton, John 156, 166 Institutions: 169, 170–190 Hammond, J.L. 17, 40 Educational institutions 170 Hannigan, Ken 116 industrial schools 173–174, 181, Hart, Peter 2, 3, 13, 35–36, 44 184, 188–189 288 Index

Institutions (continued) Irish County History series, the 225 reformatory schools 173, 178 Irish demography 104 Salthill Industrial School 178, Irish Diaspora, the 127–146 188 Irish Economic and Social History Medical institutions 170, 173–177 Society, the 105 Charitable Infirmary, the 174, Irish economy, the 102, 104–105, 187 107–109, 122 Citadella, the 173 Irish episcopacy, the 66 County infirmaries 173 Irish famine historiography 85, 88, Dr Steeven’s Hospital 174 96 Fever hospitals 173, 176 Irish Free State, the 37, 42–43, 45, Grangegorman 180, 189 117, 124, 201, 206–207, 221, Hardwicke, the 173, 186 223, 225, 227, 232, 234, 244, Lock hospitals 174, 182 246, 257, 258, 259–260, 261, Mater Infirmorum Belfast, 265 the 174 Irish Historic Towns Atlas project, Mater Miscericordiae 174 the 151 Medical dispensaries 173 Irish Historical Society, the 106 Mercer’s 174 Irish Historical Studies 3, 102, 105, Mercy Hospital Cork, the 174 107, 121–122, 125, 191–192, South and North Charitable 215–216, 223 Infirmaries, Cork 174 Irish Homestead, the 236 St. Joseph’s, Cavan 181 Irish Housewives Association (IHA), St. Patrick’s Hospital 173, 189 the 208 St. Vincent’s 174 Irish in Europe project, the 137 Westmoreland Lock Hospital, Irish Labour History Society, the the 174 (ILHS) 115–116, 124, 125 Whitworth, the 173, 186 Irish language, the 50–53, 77, 83, Workhouse infirmaries 173 225, 228, 230, 241, 246 Mendacity institutions 175 Irish Literary Revival, the 227, 233, Penal institutions 171 235, 240, 244, 254, 257, 259, Philanthropic institutions 174, 260 182, 187–188 Irish National Famine Memorial, State institutions 170 the 91, 95 Institutional care 169–170, 176, 183 Irish Nationality and Citizenship Acts, Institutional History 169–190 the 135 International Federation for Research Irish Parliamentary Party (IPP), in Women’s History, the 191 the 17, 19, 20, 40–41 Inter-Party Government 29–30, 46 Irish Peasantry, the 251, 252, 257 Ireland’s art 247, 249, 254, 260, 267 Irish Press, the 13, 39 Irish Art Now: From the Poetic to the Irish Queer Archive, the 210 Political 262, 268 Irish Republic, the 30, 40, 43, 46 Irish Catholic, the 230 Irish Republican Army (IRA), the 2, Irish Citizen Army, the 113, 114, 3, 14, 24, 27, 30, 33, 35, 44, 124 47, 48 Irish Citizen, the 202, 219 Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB), Irish Constitution, the 209, 211, 220 the, 15–16, 18, 24, 40, 43 Irish Countrywomen’s Association Irish Studies 223, 238, 239, 242, (ICA), the 208 247, 248, 251, 260, 265, 267 Index 289

Irish Theatre, the 227, 232, 243–244 Kenny, Kevin 131, 139, 143, 146 Irish Trade Union Congress, the 115 Keogh, Daire 38, 75, 83, 196, 217 Irish Transport and General Workers Keogh, Dermot 117, 222, 241 Union, the (ITGWU) 112, Kerr, Donal 11 114, 117, 124, 125 Kerry Babies case, the 210, 212 Irish Volunteers, the 37, 43–45, 113 Kiberd, Declan 222, 224, 228, 232, Irish Women’s Suffrage and Local 236, 239, 241, 242, 245, 246 Government Association Kilcommins, Shane 182, 190 (IWSLGA), the 203 Kildare Archaeological Journal, the Irish Workers’ League, the 115 148 Irishness 127, 133–135, 141, 143, Kilkenny, Co. 58, 79–80, 147, 155, 222–223, 225–227, 231, 234, 160, 162 236, 239, 241–242, 246 Kilmainham gaol 171 Irishwomen’s Franchise League (IWFL) Kilrush Union 86 201, 203, 219 Kinealy, Christine 15, 40 Irishwomen’s Workers Union (IWWU) King, Bob 152, 163 201, 204, 219 King, Carla 107, 122 Kinmonth, Claudia 253, 264, Jackson, Alvin 4, 22, 34, 42, 48 266 Jackson, Brian 68, 82 Kinsella, Thomas 229, 243 Jacobin 75–77, 83 Kissane, Bill 26, 45 Jacobite 1, 50, 65, 73, 75–77, 83, Knirck, Jason 206, 207, 220 229, 243 Kotsonouris, Mary Ellen 24 Jacobitism 6, 73, 75–76 Krielkamp, Vera 247 Jail Journal 88 James II 73, 79 Labour History 110–128 Jellett, Mainie 259 Irish working class history 112, John Mannion 154, 164 116, 125, 126 Johnson, Thomas 117, 124 Labour Party, the 34, 44, 47, 114, Johnson, William 136, 142 117–118, 124, 125 Jones, Greta 170, 184, 187, 190, 221 Ladies, Land League, the 198, 203, Jones, Mary 198 218 Jordan, Donal 152, 163 Laffan, Michael 24, 44 Journal of the Cork Historical and Lamb, Charles 257, 259 Archaeological Society, the 148, Land annuities 108 160 Land Question, the 1, 16, 20, 42 Journal of the Waterford and South East Land War, the 21, 39, 42 of Ireland Archaeological Society, Landed estates 153, 159, 167 the 148, 160 Lane, Hugh 260, 265 Lane, Leeann vi, 222 Keating, Geoffrey 55–57, 58, 78, 80 Larkin, Emmet, 115, 124 Keating, Seán 257, 260 Larkin, James (Jim) 111, 114–115, Kelleher, Margaret 84, 169, 184, 189, 117, 120, 123–124, 126 224, 242 Larkinism 113 Kelly, James 9 Larkinites 114 Kenneally, Thomas 13, 39 Laskey, Healther 181, 189 Kennedy, John F. 130 Lawlor, Chris 153, 164 Kennedy, Liam 107, 121–122, 128, Lawlor, David 18 141 Leaving Certificate, the 110, 122 290 Index

Lee, J. J. 10, 29, 37, 46–47, 100, Mac Grianna, Seosamh 93 104–105, 109, 120–121, Mac Muireadhaigh, Diarmaid 52 123–124, 132, 139–141, 144, MacCarthy, Cal 202 146 MacCurtain, Margaret 191, 193, 194, Leerssen, Joep 224, 228, 235, 243, 195, 207, 215–217, 220 245, 257, 267 MacDonagh, Oliver 10, 12, 170, Legg, Mary-Louise 13, 39 175–176, 184–187, 228, 233, Lemass, Sean 28, 29–31, 46–47, 106, 243, 244, 246 108, 118, 172 MacGeough Bonds 156, 166 Lenihan, Maurice 148, 161 MacKnight, Thomas 5, 9, 38 Lenihan, Pádraig 59, 81 Maclise, Daniel 258 Leslie Estate, the 156 MacNeill, Eoin 23, 44 Liberals 1, 19 MacRaild, Donald 137, 146 Limerick, Co. 154, 159–161, Magdalen 164–165, 168 Maher, Alice 262 Lloyd, David 96, 99, 224 Malcolm, Elizabeth 170, 177, 180, Local Government Board, the 183 184, 187–190, 221 Local History 147–168 Manning, Maurice 27, 45, 46 Local Studies 105, 110, 120, 126 Maps: 151, 161, 163, 167 Loftus, Brenda 248, 265 Cartography 163 Lombard, Peter 56, 80 Map-making 151, 167 London School of Economics (LSE), Mapping 151 the 103 Margaret Urwin 157, 166 Longford, Co. 152–153, 163–164 Marjoribanks, Edward 22, 42 Longford, Lord 27, 46 Markievicz, Countess Lotz-Heumann, Ute 65, 82 Constance 204–205, 207, Louis XIV 73, 76, 79 218–219 Louvain 50, 52, 55, 79, 80 Marland, Hilary 177, 188 Loyalists 7, 8, 15, 33, 48 Marreco, Anne 205 Luddy, Maria 125, 169, 177, 178, Marriage Bar, the 208 181–182, 184, 186, 187–190, Martin, Augustine 232, 244 199–201, 204, 209, 211, Martin, F.X. 23, 44 219–220, 242 Martin, Peter, 238, 246 Lydon, James 4, 36 Marx, Karl 110 Lynch, John 56–58, 80 Marxist: Lynch, Patrick 104, 123 Historians 115, 123 Lyne, Gerard J. 153, 163 History 112, 116 Lynn, Kathleen 204–205 Perspective 108, 118 Lyons, F.S.L. 17–19, 29, 41, 105, 121, Political scientists 108 231, 233–234, 239, 240, 244, Reading 119 245 Massacre 60–62, 63–64, 68, 81 Lyons, Mary Ann 73, 83 Mathews, P. J. 227, 243 Maturin, Charles 256 Mac an Bhaird, Fearghal Óg 54 Maume, Patrick 1 Mac Cana, Proinsias 74 Maye, Brian 23, 43 Mac Cuarta, Brian 61, 81 Mayo, Co. 152, 162–163, 165 Mac Éinrí, Piaras 134, 144 McAllister, Ian 32, 47 Mac Fhirbhisigh, Dubhaltach 51, McAuliffe, Mary vi, 191 78 McBride, Ian 9 Index 291

McCafferty, John 65, 81 Mulvany, George 252 McCaffrey, Lawerence J. 138–139, Mulvey, Helen 13 143, 146 Murphy, Cliona 202, 218 McCance, John 136 Murphy, Gary 109 McCarthy, Charles 117 Murphy, Rose 213, 221 McCarthy, John P. 185 Murphy, Tom 92 McCoole, Sinead 202, 204, 219 Murphy, William 127, 203 McCormack W.J. 230, 241, 244, 246 Nagle, Nano 175 McCormick , Finbar 150, 161 Nation, the 12, 39, 224, 231, 254, McDowell, R.B. 21, 37, 170, 184, 256, 266 187 National Gallery, the 254, 264, 266 McEvilly, John 156, 166 National Guard 45 McEvoy, William 258 National Union of Dockers, the 112 McGee, Owen 16, 40 Nationalism: xi, 2, 6, 11, 16, 19–20, McGonagle, Declan 262–263, 268 35–37, 41–42, 53, 110, 113, McGonigal, Maurice 259, 260 117, 122–123, 144, 152, 180, McGowan, Joe 205 189, 198, 201–203, 205–206, McGrath, Thomas. G. 156, 159 214, 218–219, 223, 228–229, McLoughlin, Dympna 179, 189, 233, 242, 246, 254, 256–257, 200, 219 261–263, 266–267 Median Identity 50 Colonial Nationalists 226 Median role 56, 58 Cultural nationalism 236, 240, Medical Charities Act, the (1851) 259 173 Irish Nationalism 2, 7, 19, 36–37, Meenan, James 104, 107 41–42, 133, 231, 254, 262, 266 Meleady, Dermot 18, 41 Nationalist vii, 1–48, 85, 88–89, Michell, Arthur 24, 44, 116–118 100–102, 106, 111–112, 114, Miller, Kerby A. 128, 141–142 132–133, 152, 163, 204–205, Milotte, Mike 117 213, 219, 226, 231, 235, 240, Mitchel, John 13–14, 39, 88–89, 90, 254, 256, 258, 260, 264 95 Nationalist Cause, the 193 Mokyr, Joel 107 Nationalist historiography 31, 85, Moloney, Ed 33, 47, 48 88, 90, 234, 236, 247, 251 Molony, John 13 Nationalist History vii, 192, 238, Moody, T.W. vii, 3, 102, 103, 121, 251 192, 216, 224, 246 Nationalist Imagery 254, 257 Moore, George Henry 240, 246 Nationalist Struggle, the 198 Moran, D.P. 37, 46, 102, 231, 232, Postnationalist 247 240, 241, 244 Protonationalist 57, 75 Moran, Gerard 152, 163, 166 New History of Ireland, the 106, 121 Morash, Chris 232, 235, 244 New History project 106 Morgan, Austen 22 New York Great Irish Famine Morgan, Hiram 60, 79, 81 Curriculum Project 95 Morley, Vincent 77, 79, 83 New Zealand 138 Morrill, John 63–64, 71 Newgate prison 171, 185 Moynihan, Maurice 107 Newsinger, John 16, 40 Mulally, Teresa 174 Ní Dhomhnaill, Nuala 93, 98 Muldowney, Mary 215 Ní Dhroma, Máire 92 292 Index

Ní Úrdail, Meidhbhín 73, 79, 83 O’Connor, Pat 211, 220 Nicol, Erskine 252, 258 O’Connor, Priscilla 74, 83 Nicholls, Kenneth 61, 81 O’Connor, Thomas 69, 72, 82–83, Nicholson, Asenath 91, 96 137, 145, 146 Norman, Diana 205 O’Day, Alan 18, 35, 41, 133, 141, Northern Ireland 28, 30–32, 34–35, 144 42, 47–48, 149 O’Donnell, Hugh 80 NUI, Maynooth 137, 156, 158 O’Donnell, Katherine vi O’Donnell, Peadar 118, 124 Ó Bruadair, Dáibhidh 52 O’Donnell, Ruan 9 Ó Buachalla, Breandan 6, 36, 54, 76, O’Dowd, Mary 150, 152, 162–163, 77, 79, 83 191, 195, 196, 197, 215, 216, Ó Callanáin, Peatsaí 92 217–218, 220, 221 Ó Ciardha, Eamonn 6, 36, 228–229 O’Duffy, Eoin 27, 45 Ó Cíosáin, Éamon 72, 83 O’Ferrall, Fergus 10, 38 Ó Ciosáin, Niall 95, 98, 224, 225, O’Flaherty, Liam 88 230, 242, 244 O’Flanagan, Patrick 153, 162, 164, Ó Cléirigh, Mícheál 52 165, 168 Ó Corrain, Donncha 195, 217 O’Grady, Standish 232 O Cróinín, Dáibhí 156, 166 O’Hanlon-Walshes, the 157 Ó Dúshláine, Tadhg 56, 72, 83 O’Kelly, Aloysius Ó Faolain, Sean 12, 204, 219 O’Leary, John 15 Ó Fiach, Tómas 55 O’Leary, Philip 232, 244 Ó Gráda, Cormac 14, 40, 85, 90, 92, O’Mahony, Christopher 154, 164 97–98, 107, 120–123, 179, 185, O’Maolchonaire, Flaithrí 52, 55 188, 189, 222, 241 O’Neill T.P. 27, 46 Ó hAnnracháin, Tadhg 56, 66, 72, O’Neill, Hugh 60, 80 82–83 O’Neill, Kevin 157, 166, 254, 255, Ó hEoghusa, Bonaventura 52 258, 266 Ó hEoghusa, Eochaidh 54 O’Neill, Terence 32, 33 Ó Laoghaire, an tAthair Peadar 88 O’Neill, Timothy P. 163, 164, 165 O Muraile, Nollaig 51, 78 O’Riordan, Michelle 49, 229 Ó Siochrú, Micheal 58, 64, 81 O’Scea, Ciaran 69–71, 82 Ó Tuama, Seán 229, 243 O’Sullivan, Niamh 258, 265, 267 Ó Tuathaigh, Gearoid 105, 195, 217 O’Toole, Fintan 136, 145, 261, 268 O’Brien, George 102, 105, 121 O’Toole, Tina 210 O’Brien, Gerard 172, 179, 186, 188 O’Ferrall, Richard 56, 80 O’Brien, William 20, 42, Offaly 154, 163–164, 167 O’Callaghan, Margaret 17 Ohlmeyer, Jane 56–57, 80 O’Connell, Daniel 8, 10–12, 13, OO44: Contemporary Irish Art in 38–39, 112, 148, 159, 167, 226, Britain 263 229, 230, 236, 246, 248, 254, Orange: 22 265 Orangeism 8, 21, 47 O’Connell, Maurice 10, 12 Oral history 159, 166 O Connell, Patricia 71, 82 Ormond, Duke of 64, 79, 81 O’Connor, Emmet 117, 120 Orphanages 167, 174, 175, 177, 189 O’Connor, Frank 44 Ossory Archaeological Journal, the 147, O’Connor, James 252 160 O’Connor Lysaght, D.R. 116 O’Sullivan Beare, Philip 56, 80 Index 293

Other, the 234, 238, 239 Poor Law Guardians 173, 182 Owen, Gary 169, 184 Poor Law relief 180 Owenson, Sydney 256 Poor Law Union, the 153, 157, 165, 167 Paisley, Ian 33, 47 Poor Law Unions 173, 183, 188 Parliamentarian 54, 58, 63–64, 81 Pope Innocent XII 73 Parnell, Charles Stewart 9, 16–20, Popular Culture 223–225 22, 31, 39–41, 43 Porter, Roy 18, 178, 187 Parnellite 16–18, 19, 40, 41 Power, Patrick 151, 163 Particularism 2, 38 Prendergast, Kathy 262 Paseta, Senia 238, 240, 246 Presbyterian 157 Pastorini prophecies 229, 243 Prisons 167, 170–172, 182–185 Patriot politics 6 Prostitution: 169, 178, 182, 186, Patriot tradition 5, 6, 37 187, 189–190, 198, 200, 203, Patterson, Henry 108, 118, 124 211, 215, 218 Paupers: 173, 179 Prostitutes 175, 180, 201 Female Paupers 179–180, 189 Protestant 5–7, 10–12, 20–21, 32, 36, Female pauperism 180 38, 45, 48, 51, 61–62, 64, 69, Peackham Magray, Mary 199 74–75, 77, 79, 133, 174–178, Pearse, Patrick 13, 23, 36, 43, 116 197, 202 Peel, Sir Robert 85 Irish Protestants 7, 26, 68, 226, Penal Laws, the 1, 6, 52 233, 244 Penitents 178, 181 Protestant ascendancy 2, 5, 6 Peoples’ College, the 115 Protestant-Catholic Relations 38 Peoples Democracy 116 Protestant-Unionist 2 Petrie, George 256–258, 267, 268 Providentialism 89 Philanthropy: 170, 176–177, 187, Prunty, Jacinta 151, 163, 167 188, 198–200, 219 Public Health 175, 178, 183, 186 Charitable institutions 176, 177, Puirséil, Niamh 100 199 Purdue, Olwen 156, 166 Female philanthropists 176, 180, Pyle, Hilary 202 199 Philanthropic 170–173, 174–176, Queens University Belfast 178, 183, 214 (QUB) 103, 107 Phoenix, Eamon 32, 47 Quinlan, Carmel 202 Physico-Historical Society, the 147, Quinn, D.B. vii 160 Plantations, the 53, 64, 69, 71, 228, Radio Teilifís Eireann (RTE) 111, 152 236–238 Rageau, Jean-Pierre 132, 142, 144 Plunkett, Horace Sir 21, 42 Ralahine commune, the 112 Póirtéir, Cathal 97 Raughter, Rosemary 176–177, 187 Political History 1 Re/Dressing Cathleen 262, 264, 268 Political scientist 108, 119 Redmond, John 17–19, 41 Poor Clares, the 181, 189 Redmondite 19, 26 Poor law, the 172–173, 179, 180, Reform: 171–173, 178, 187–188, 201, 181–186, 189 203 Anti-poor law 172 Reformatories 169, 178, 184 English Poor Law, the 172 Reformers 185, 217 Poor Law Commissioners, the 86 Reformist 169, 177 294 Index

Regan, John 26, 27, 45 Savage, Rob 260, 267 Religious women: 198–200, 214 Scotland 54, 57, 58, 62–63 convents 198–200 SDLP 32, 47 non-conformist women 199 Seanad, the 130 Nuns 198–200, 207, 212, 221 Seawright, Paul 263, 268 religious communities 199 Sectarianism 57, 59, 65, 68, 81, 82 Renan, Ernest 257 Sen, Amartya 180 Repeal of the Act of Union campaign, Sexuality: 198, 211–214, 216, 221 the 226, 229 Female Sexuality 200, 201 Republican 14, 16–17, 19, 23, Heterosexuality 212 26–27, 30, 36, 43–44, 45 Homosexuality 210 Republican Congress, the 118, 124 Lesbian sexuality 212 Revisionism: 2, 3, 35, 44, 85, 89, 90, Sheehan, Thomas 156, 166 92, 103, 121, 223–224, 242 Sheehy, Jeanne 259, 267, 268 Anti-revisionist viii Sheehy-Skeffington, Hanna 204, Post-revisionist 120, 223, 228 206, 209, 218 Revisionist vii, 2–4, 35, 100, 103, Sheffer, Gabriel 130, 142 107, 112, 120, 223–224 Shields, Andrew 21, 42 Reynolds, Joseph 180, 189 Silverman 155, 165 Risings: 1641 1, 52, 57–58, 61, Simms, Anngret 152, 162–163, 167 78, 80, 236, 237, 245, 1798 4, Sinn Féin 11, 19, 20, 23–24, 26, 7–9, 38, 42, 48, 52, 76–77, 83, 33, 35, 40, 43–45, 102, 106, 148, 151, 155, 165, 1803 1, 205–206, 218, 227, 243 1848 13, 37, 1916 16, 113 Sisters of Charity, the 174 Robinson, Mary 91, 127, 130, 134, Sisters of Mercy, the 174, 178, 188 141, 143 Sisters of the Good Shepherd, Roebuck, Peter 105 the 181 Rolstan, Bill 248 Sligo, Co. 150, 152, 162 Romantic tradition 256 Smerwick 60 Roper, Esther 205 Smith, James M. 178, 185, 188, 201, Roscommon 150, 153, 157, 166 219, 221 Royal Hibernian Academy, the 253, Smyth, W. J. 133, 144 266 Society for the History of Women, Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC) 176, (SHOW) the 191 205 Somerville, Alexander 91 Royalists 63, 64, 81 Spain 70–71, 72, 78, 79–80 Rump, E. 117 Spanish Civil War 27, 45 Russell, George (AE) 227, 233, 236, Spanish Flanders 137, 145 245 Spenser, Edmund 60, 235, 245 Russell, Lord John 86 Stanihurst, Richard 80 Ryan, Louise 202, 203, 219 Stapleton, Theobald 52 Ryan, Meda 2, 35 Statutes of Kilkenny 52 Ryan, W.P. 113 Steele, Karen 202 Ryder, Chris 33, 47 Stewart, A.T.Q, 9, 22, 42 Ryder, Sean 224, 236, 242, 245, 246 Stormont 28, 31, 32, 33 Stout, Geraldine 165 San-Germain-en-Laye court, the 73, Stout, Mathew 154, 162, 163, 165 83 Stuarts, the 50, 54, 55, 67, 73, Saothar 116 228–229 Index 295

Suffrage: 193, 198, 201, 203 Ulster Journal of Archaeology, the 147 Irish Suffrage 198, 202–203 Ulster Question 1 Irish Suffrage movement, the 198, Ulster-Scots 1 202 Ulster Scots Historical Foundation, Irish Suffragettes 203 the 148 Suffrage movement, the 198, Ulster Unionism 22–23, 33, 42 202–203, 214, 218 Ulster Unionist Party 33, 47 Suffragettes, the 201, 219 Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) 34, Swift, Jonathan 102 48, 50 Synge, John Millington 231–232, Union, the 33–34, 36, 38, 48 235, 239, 244–245, 257, 259 United Irish League 20 Synnott, Thomas 156, 166 United Irishmen vii, 7–9, 38, 74, 76 University College Cork (UCC) 149, Tait, Clodagh 59, 60, 81 160, 161 Temple, John 237, 245 University College Dublin Thackeray, William 255 (UCD) 104, 107, 115–116 The 1913 lockout 111 Thomas Davis Lectures, the 152 Vaizy, John 104 Thompson, Valerie 154, 164 Valiulis, Maryann 206, 207, 213, Thornton, Brigid 202 217, 220–221 Tierney, Michael 23, 44 Van Voris, Jacqueline 205 Tipperary, Co. 150, 152, 158, 159, Vincent, Joan 169, 184 162, 165, 168 Volition 56, 69 Tölölyan, Kachig 130, 142 Townland, the 150, 153, 164 Walker, Brian 21, 42 Trade Union: 117–119 Walker, Dorothy 260, 268 Activism 115 Walker, Graham 33, 47 Consciousness 112 Walsh, Dick 28, 46 Leader 111, 119, 123 Walsh, Louise 262 Membership 110 Walsh, Oonagh 181, 189 Movement 113, 116, 118 Walshe, Eibhear 213, 221 Transportation 171 War of Independence, the 2, 3, 24, Trauma 94, 97, 99 35, 44, 114, 203, 205, 218 Trevelyan, Charles 14, 40 Ward, Margaret 198, 202–203, Tridentine 66–67 218–220 Trimble, David 33, 47 Ware, Sir James 51, 78 Trinity College Dublin (TCD) 104, Waterford, Co. 154, 160, 161, 162, 115–116 164, 165, 172 Tunney, John 154, 164 Waters, John 94 Tweedy, Hilda 210 Watts, George Frederick 250–251 Tyrconnell, Earl of 55, 78 Welch, Robert 232, 244 Tyrone, Earl of 55, 78, 80 West Indies, the 135 Wexford, Co. 63, 147, 151, 154–155, Ulster 9, 10, 21–23, 33, 47, 61–62, 157, 160–161, 163, 165–167, 172 67, 78, 100 Whelan, Irene 10, 38 Ulster Crisis 22, 41, 42 Whelan, Kevin 8–9, 16, 38, 75, 83, Ulster Defence Association 161–163, 216 (UDA) 34, 48, 50 Whigs 1, 2, 10–11, 13 Ulster Historical Foundation, the 148 Whitaker, T.K. 100 296 Index

Wichert, Sabine 196, 217, 220–221 Women’s History Association of Wicklow, Co. 151, 155, 163, 165 Ireland (WHAI), the 192 Wild Geese, the 72 Women’s History Project, the 192 Wilkinson, David 9, 38 Women’s Studies 110 William II 79 Woodham-Smith, Cecil 14, 92 Williamite Wars 52, 79 Workers Union of Ireland 114 Williams, T. Desmond 103, 121 Workhouses 167, 170, 172–173, 175, Wilson Foster, John 233, 244 179–180, 182, 184, 186, 188–189 Windrum, Caroline 157, 166 New Ross Workhouse 180, 189 Women: 175, 177–180, 225, 242 South Dublin Union Immoral Women 180, 212 Workhouse 180 Irishwomen 187, 211, 219 Wyndham, George 21 Respectable Women 180, Wyse Power, Jennie 205, 218 211–212 Women’s Experiences 170, 178 Yeats, Jack 259 Women’s History 169, 184, Yeats, W.B. 231–232, 234, 236, 239, 191–196, 210, 214–218, 220 244–245, 257, 259, 260, 268 Women’s Involvement 170, 177, Yellow Meal 92 193, 201–203 Young, Arthur 255 Women’s Role 178, 196, 201 Young, Ella 213, 221 Women’s Studies 192, 210, 220 Young, John R. 62, 81