Religion, & State in Comparative Perspective

Course ID SOC-UA9970003/POL-UA9994001/RELST-UA9613001

Instructor Moshe Berent Details [email protected]

036427167

0546876802

Class Details Fall 2011

Thursday 4:30-7:30pm

Prerequisites none

Class Only until recently the question of the relation between and state, or religion and public life, had Description been considered anachronistic. The answer to this question, so it seemed, was that religion belonged or should belong to the private sphere and consequently had no public role. This ‘privatization of religion’ thesis was supported by two important myths: one suggested that in liberal there was (or should have been) “Walls of Separation” between State and Religion (or between State and ), the other, the ‘ Thesis’, suggested that since the dawn of the modern era, humanity in general, and western societies in particular, have been going through a process of secularization which eventually will lead to the disappearance of religion from public life.

Recently, the question of the relation between religion and public life has regained interest because of several processes. One was the spread of democracy in the ‘Third Wave of ’ to , Orthodox and non-Christian societies which had raised the question of the relation between religion and democratic political . The second was the immigration of non- to the western ‘Christian’ nations which tended to underline the Christian foundations of these national states. A third influence was the resurgence of religious . All of these cast doubt on both the privatization of religion and the secularization of the state theses. It seems that religion plays an important role in the formation of regimes and political patterns; that religious establishments and religious communities are occasionally involved in political struggles; and that recurrently introduce powerful symbols of identification which could mobilize the public for political purposes.

Course The purpose of this course is to examine the relation between religion and public life in both western Objectives and non western societies. Among the issues that will be discussed are:

1. The Secularization and Privatization Debates. 2. Fundamentalism, Modernism and 3. Religion and Democracy 4. and Political Religion 5. Religion and 6. Religion, Conflicts and Revolutions 7. Religion, Church and State 8. Religious Parties, Movements and Organizations. 9. Religious 10. Religion and Public Policy 11. Religion and State in Israel – The Religious Aspect 12. Religion and State in Israel - The National Aspect 13. Religion and State in the Middle East

Page 1 of 7

Grading and • Midterm Essay/ Research Paper (1250 – 1500 words) 30% Assessment • Essay/Research Paper (2500 – 3000 words) 50% • Participation 20% *

*To be fully engaged in class and participate in the discussion and show Failure to submit or fulfil any required course component results in failure of the class.

Required none Text(s)

Supplemental none Texts (not required to purchase)

Internet It is hard to overestimate the importance of the internet, or its contribution, to the build up of contemporary knowledge of the world around us. Albeit it needs to be used wisely. This means that one Research must be selective and careful when relating to internet-based sources, identifying and distinguishing Guidelines opinions from facts, and journalism from academics. Most importantly, one should make clear reference to internet sources, allowing the reader the opportunity to consult these resources as and if required. Please also note that the ‘world-wide web’ – www – exists in many languages. Many sources about Israel in English, for instance, will be aimed at tourists or readers living primarily in English-speaking regions of the world. Sources might differ when reading them in other languages. Use the internet critically. You can never be too safe, so do ensure both the reader and yourself that you know well what your internet sources are. Introduction: The Secularization and Privatization Debates Session 1 *Casanova, José. 1994. “Secularization, Enlightenment and Modern Religion”. In Public Religion in the Modern World. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 11-39.

*Furseth Inger and Pal Repstad. 2006. "Religion in the public Sphere", in Introduction to the Sociology of Religion, Further Readings

Herbert, David. 2003. “Rethinking Secularization”. In Religion and : Rethinking Public Religion in the Contemporary World, edited by D. Herbert. Aldershot: Ashgate, 29-60.

Norris Pippa and Ronald Inglehart. 2004. “The Secularization Debate” in Sacred and Secular – Religion and Politics Worldwide (Cambridge, CUP) 3-32.

Madeley, John. 2006, "Religion and the Modern State". In The Politics of Religion, edited by J. Haynes. London: Routledge, 59-71.

Rémond, René. 1999. The Religious Question: Issues at Stake, In Religion and Society in Modern . Oxford: Blackwell, 53-76.

George Moyser. 2005. "Religion and Politics", in the Routledge Companion to the Study of Religion, 423-428 Ole Riis. 1998. "Religion Re-Emerging: The role of religion in legitimating integration and power in modern societies", International Sociology 13, 249 – 272.

Page 2 of 7

Session 2 Fundamentalism, Modernism and Secularism *Eisenstadt, S.N.2000. “Fundamentalism as a modern Jacobin anti-modern utopia and heterodoxy – the totalistic reconstruction of tradition”, in Fundamentalism, Sectarianism, and Revolution: The Jacobin Dimension of Modernity (Cambridge: CUP ), pp. 82-118

*Garvey, John H. 1993. "Fundamentalism and Politics", Garvey, John H. 1993. , in and the State: Remaking Polities, Economies and Militance, edited by Martin E. Marty and R. Scott Appleby. University of Chicago Press: Chicago and London. pp. 13-27 *Garvey, John H. 1993. "Fundamentalism and American Law", in Fundamentalisms and the State: Remaking Polities, Economies and Militance, edited by Martin E. Marty and R. Scott Appleby. University of Chicago Press: Chicago and London. pp. 28-49

Further Readings

Almond, Gabriel A., R. Scott Appleby, Emmanuel Sivan. 2003. Strong Religion: The Rise of Fundamentalism around the World (The fundamentalism Project) (Chicago: University of Chicago). [pp. 1-22 (“Introduction”), pp. 23-89 (“The Enclave Culture”), pp. 90-115 (“Fundamentalism: Genus and Species”)].

Munson, Henry. 2005. “Fundamentalism” in John Hinnells (ed) , The Routledge Companion to the Study of Religion (London: Routledge) 337-354

Bruce, Steve. 1993. "Fundamentalism, Ethnicity and Enclave", in Fundamentalisms and the State: Remaking Polities, Economies and Militance, edited by Martin E. Marty and R. Scott Appleby. University of Chicago Press: Chicago and London. pp. 50-67

Session 3 Religion and Democracy

*Minkenberg, Michael 2007. “Democracy and Religion: Theoretical and Epirical Observations on the relationship between , Islam and ”, Journal of Ethnic and Immigration Studies, vol 33 no. 6, 887-909

*Stepan, Alfred , 2000. “Religion, Democracy and the Twin Tolerations”, Journal of Democracy, vol 11 no.4, 37-57

Further Readings *Bruce, Steve. 2006. “Did Create Democracy?” In Religion, Democracy and Democratization, edited by J. Anderson. London: Routledge, 3-20.

Dalai Lama. 2005. “Buddhism, Asian Values and Democracy”. In World Religions and Democracy, edited by L. Diamond, M. F. Plattner and P.J. Costopoulos (Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press), pp. 70-74.

*Fukuyama, Francis. 2005. “Confucianism and Democracy”. In World Religions and Democracy, edited by L. Diamond, M. F. Plattner and P.J. Costopoulos (Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press),.

*Mehta, Pratap Bhanu. 2005. “Hinduism and Self-Rule”. In World Religions and Democracy, edited by L. Diamond, M. F. Plattner and P.J. Costopoulos (Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press), pp. 56-59.

Session 4 Civil3B Religion and Political Religion

David Herbert, 2003, “Rethinking Civil Society” In Religion and Civil Society: Rethinking Public Religion in the Contemporary World, edited by D. Herbert. (Aldershot: Ashgate), pp. 61-94

Page 3 of 7

*Bellah, . 1970. “Civil Religion in America”. In Beyond : Essays on Religion in a Post- Traeditional World, edited by R. Bellah. New York: Harper and Row, 168-189.

Further Readings

Marcella Cristi and Lorne Dawson, 2007, “Civil Religion in America in Global Context”, The Sage Handbook of the Sociology of Religion, 267-292

*Burleigh Michael 2002, “Political Religion and Social Evil, “Totalitarian Movements and Political Religion”, vol III no. 2, 1-60

Apter David 1963, “Political Religion in New Nations” in Geertz C.(ed), Old Societies and New States, New

[Click and enter essay deadlines/work due]

[Click and enter co-curricular activities, etc.]

Session 5 Religion and Nationalism

*Smith, Anthony D. 2000. “The Sacred Dimension of Nationalism”. Millenium 29 (3): 791-814.

*Jurgensmeyer, Mark. 1996. “The World-Wide Rise of ”, Journal of International Affairs 50:1

Further Readings *Greenfeld, Lea. 1996. “The Modern Religion?” Critical Review 10:2 (169 -191).

*Grosby, Steven. 2001. “Nationality and Religion”. In Understanding Nationalism, edited by M. Guibernau and J. Hutchinson. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 97-119.

Fergusson, David. 2004. “Church and Nation”. In Church, State and Civil Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 140-166.

*Juergensmeyer, Mark. 1995. “The New Religious State”. Comparative Politics 27: 379-391.

Session 6 Religion Conflicts and Revolutions

*Lincoln, Bruce. 1985. “Notes toward a Theory of Religion and Revolution”. In Religion, Rebellion, Revolution, edited by B. Lincoln. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 266-292.

Further Readings Otis, Pauletta, 2004. “Religion and War in the Twenty-First Century”. In Religion and Security, edited by R. a. Seiple and D. R. Hoover. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield, 11-24.

*Fox, Jonathan. 2004. “Religion and State Failure: an Examination of the Extent and Magnitude of Religious Conflict from 1950 to 1996”. International Political Science Review 25 (1): 55-76.

*Hasenclever, A., and V. Rittberger. 2000. “Does Religion Make a Difference? Theoretical Approaches to the Impact of Faith on Political Conflict”. Millenium 29 (3): 641-674.

Session 7

Page 4 of 7

Religion6B Church and State

*Rex Andar and Ian Leigh, 2005, “Models of Religion – State Relations” in UReligious Freedom in the

Liberal State,U 67-97

Jonathan Fox, 2007, “Do Have Separation of Religion and State?”, in CanadianU U JournalU of

Political Science,U vol. 40 no1, 1-25

Further Readings N. J. Demerath III “Religious Capital and Capital Religions: Crosscultural and Non-legal Factors in the Separation of Church and State” Daedalus 120 (1991) 21-40.

*Francis, John C. 1992. “The Evolving Regulatory Structure of European Church-State Relationships”. Journal of Church and State 34: 775-804.

*Markoff, John, and Daniel Regan. 1987. “Religion, the State and Political Legitimacy in the World’s

Constitutions” In ChurchU -State Relations: Tensions and Transitions,U edited by T. Robbins and R. Robertson. New Brunswick, N. J.: Transaction Books.

Religious7B Parties, Movements and Organizations Session 8 *Bruce, Steve. 2003. “Party”. In PoliticsU and Religion,U edited by S. Bruce. Cambridge UK: Polity Press, 94-126.

Van Fossen, Anthony B. 1992. “Radical Religious Movements: A Global Perspective”. In ReligionU and

Politics in Comparative Perspective: Revival of Religious Fundamentalism in U EastU and West,U edited by B. Misztal and A. Shupe. Westport: Praeger, 151-163.

Further Readings

Bruce, Steve. 2003. “Protest”. In PoliticsU and Religion, U edited by S. Bruce. Cambridge UK: Polity Press, 127-160.

Fleet, Michael. 1998. “”. TheU Encyclopedia of Politics and Religion U I, 127-129.

Pelinka, Anton. 2006. “European Christian Democracy in Comparison”. In Christian DemocracyU in

Europe since 1945,U edited by M. Gehler and W. Kaiser. London: Routledge, (vol. 2) 193-206.

Session 9 Religious8B Voting

*Broughton, David, and Hans-Martien ten Napel. 2000. “Conclusion: European Exceptionalism?” In

ReliU gion and Mass Electoral Behaviour in Europe,U edited by D. Broughton and H.-M. ten Napel. London: Routledge, 198-209.

Norris, Pippa, and Ronald Inglehart. 2004. Religious Parties and Electoral Behavior. In Sacred and Secular: Religion and Politics Worldwide, edited by P. Norris and R. Inglehart. New York: Cambridge University Press, 196-212.

Session 10 Religion9B and Public policy

Castles, Francis A. 1994. “On Religion and Public Policy: Does Catholicism make a Difference?” European Journal of Political Research 25 (19-40).

Minkenberg, Michael. 2002. “Religion and Public Policy”. Comparative Political Studies 39 (2): 221- 247.

Session 11 Religion and State in Israel - The Religious Aspect)

Page 5 of 7

*Liebman Charles and Don Yehiya Eliezer. 1983. “The Dilemma of Reconciling Traditional Culture and Contemporary Needs: Civil Religion in Israel”, Comparative Politics, 16 (Oct. 1983), 53 – 56.

*Liebman, Charles. 1993. "Jewish Fundamentalism and the Israeli Polity", in Fundamentalisms and the State: Remaking Polities, Economies and Militance, edited by Martin E. Marty and R. Scott Appleby. University of Chicago Press: Chicago and London. pp. 68-87

Further Readings

*Don Yehiya, Eliezer 1994 “The Book and the Sword: The Nationalist Yeshivot and Political Radicalism in Israel,” pp. 262-300, Martin Marty and Scott Appleby (eds.), Accounting for Fundamentalism: The Dynamic Character of Movements. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

*Ben Rafael, Eliezer. 2008. “The Faces of Religiosity In Israel: Cleavages or Continuum”, Israel Studies 13(3), 89 – 113. Ravitzky Avi. 1996. Messianism, , and Jewish Religious Radicalism, London & Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

Ottolenghi, Emanuele. 2000. “Religion and Democracy in Israel”, in David Marquand and Ronald L Nettler (eds.), Religion and Democracy Oxford: Blackwell. Pp. 39-49

*Cohen, Asher. 2007. ‘Non-Jewish Jews: Non Halakhic Approaches to the Question of Joining the Jewish ” in Cohen Stuart and Bernard Susser, (eds.) Ambivalent Jew (The Jewish Theological seminary of Mmerica, 2007), pp. 157 – 172.

*Friedman, Menachem. 1993. “The Ultraorthodox and Israeli Society”, in Keith Kyle and Joel Peters, eds, Whither Israel? The Domestic Challenge (Loondon/ New York: Tauris) 177-201.

*Liebman, Charles and Steven M. Cohen, “ and Judaism” in Two Worlds of Judaism: The Israeli and American Experiences. (Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 1990)

Session 12 Religion and State in Israel – The National Aspect

*Smooha, Sammy. 2002. “The model of : Israel as a Jewish and democratic State”, Nations and Nationalism, vol. 8 no. 4, pp. 475-503.

*Berent, Moshe. Forthcoming. "The Ethnic Democracy Debate: How Unique is Israel. Nations and Nationalism

Further Readings Ghanem, As’ad, Nadim Rouhana, and Oren Yiftachel, 1998 “Questioning ‘ethnic democracy’: a response to Sammy Smooha”, Israel Studies, vol. 3 no. 2, pp. 253-267.

*Dowty, Allan (1999), “Is Israel democratic?: substance and semantics in the ‘ethnic democracy debate”, Israel Studies 4(2), pp. 1-15.

Yakobson, Alexander and Amnon Rubinstein 2003 Israel and the Family of Nations: Jewish Nation- State and . London: Routledge

Yifatachel, Oren 1999 “‘Ethnocracy’: the politics of judaizing Israel/Palestine”, Constellations, vol. 6 no. 3, pp. 364-390.

Page 6 of 7

Session 13 *Voll, John O and John L. Esposito. 1994. “Islam’s Democratic Essence”. Ripostes by Patrick Clawson, Joshua Moravchick, Barry Rubin and Robert B. Staloff. Middle East Quarterly 1(3).

*Voll, John O and John L. Esposito. 1994. ": Rejoinder". Middle East Quarterly 1(4).

*Kramer, Martin 1993. “Islam vs. Democracy”. Commentary 95:1

*Stepan, Alfred and Graeme B. Robertson. 2004. “Arab, not Muslim, Exceptionalism”, Journal of Democracy, 15.4 140-146.

*Lakoff Sanford. 2004. “The of Muslim Exceptionalism” Journal of Democracy, 15.4. 133-139.

Further Readings

Arjomand, Said Amir. 1993 ."Shi'ite Jurisprudence and Constitution Making in the of Iran" , in Fundamentalisms and the State: Remaking Polities, Economies and Militance, edited by Martin E. Marty and R. Scott Appleby. University of Chicago Press: Chicago and London.pp. 88-109.

Litvak, Meir “The Islamic Republic of Iran and the Holocaust: Anti-Zionism and anti-Semitism,” in Jeffrey Herf (ed.), Anti-Semitism and Anti-Zionism in Historical Perspective (London: Routledge, 2007).

Menashri, David. 2001. “The Guardianship of the Jurisconsult: The Ideological Dilemma”, in Post- Politics in Iran. London: Frank Cass. 13-46.

*Litvak, Meir, “The of Palestinian Identity: The Case of Hamas”, Dayan Center

Publications 2TUhttp://www.dayan.org/framepub.htmU2T

*Guvenc, Bozkort. 1998. “Secular trends and Turkish Identity”, Journal of International Affairs 2(4).

Lewis, Bernard, The Multiple Identities of the Middle East (Schocken 2001)

*Tessler, Mark 2002. “Islam and Democracy in the Middle East: The Impact of Religious Orientations on Atittudes toward Democracy in Four Arab Countires”, Comparative Politics 34 (April), 337-354.

Filali-Ansary, Abdou. 2005. “Muslims and Democracy”. In UWorld Religion and Democracy,U edited by L. Diamond, M. F. Plattner and P. J. Costopoulos, 153-167.

*Esposito, John L. and James Piscatori. 1991. “Democratization and Islam”, Middle East Journal 45(3) pp. 427-440.

*Sivan, Emanuel 1990, “The Islamic Resurgence: Civil Society Strikes back”. Journal of Contemporary History. 25(2-3)

Session 14 Concluding discussion

Final Exam/ Details will be provided in class Project

Page 7 of 7