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The Identity of the Adventive <I>Gryllotalpa Latreille</I> Species

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The Identity of the Adventive <I>Gryllotalpa Latreille</I> Species University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Insecta Mundi Florida 2020 The identity of the adventive Gryllotalpa Latreille species (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae) in Hawaii, with illustration of male genitalia of G. orientalis Burmeister J. H. Frank University of Florida, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi Part of the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, and the Entomology Commons Frank, J. H., "The identity of the adventive Gryllotalpa Latreille species (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae) in Hawaii, with illustration of male genitalia of G. orientalis Burmeister" (2020). Insecta Mundi. 1248. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/1248 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Florida at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Insecta Mundi by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. January 31 2020 INSECTA 8 urn:lsid:zoobank. A Journal of World Insect Systematics org:pub:91351509-1090-4852- UNDI M 85C4-A2435951DFFD 0747 The identity of the adventive Gryllotalpa Latreille species (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae) in Hawaii, with illustration of male genitalia of G. orientalis Burmeister J. H. Frank Entomology and Nematology Department Bldg. 970, Natural Area Drive, University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611-0630, USA Date of issue: January 31, 2020 CENTER FOR SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY, INC., Gainesville, FL J. H. Frank The identity of the adventive Gryllotalpa Latreille species (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae) in Hawaii, with illustration of male genitalia of G. orientalis Burmeister Insecta Mundi 0747: 1–8 ZooBank Registered: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91351509-1090-4852-85C4-A2435951DFFD Published in 2020 by Center for Systematic Entomology, Inc. P.O. Box 141874 Gainesville, FL 32614-1874 USA http://centerforsystematicentomology.org/ Insecta Mundi is a journal primarily devoted to insect systematics, but articles can be published on any non- marine arthropod. Topics considered for publication include systematics, taxonomy, nomenclature, checklists, faunal works, and natural history. Insecta Mundi will not consider works in the applied sciences (i.e. medical entomology, pest control research, etc.), and no longer publishes book reviews or editorials. Insecta Mundi publishes original research or discoveries in an inexpensive and timely manner, distributing them free via open access on the internet on the date of publication. Insecta Mundi is referenced or abstracted by several sources, including the Zoological Record and CAB Abstracts. Insecta Mundi is published irregularly throughout the year, with completed manuscripts assigned an individual number. Manuscripts must be peer reviewed prior to submission, after which they are reviewed by the editorial board to ensure quality. One author of each submitted manuscript must be a current member of the Center for Systematic Entomology. Guidelines and requirements for the preparation of manuscripts are available on the Insecta Mundi website at http://centerforsystematicentomology.org/insectamundi/ Chief Editor: David Plotkin, [email protected] Assistant Editor: Paul E. Skelley, [email protected] Head Layout Editor: Robert G. Forsyth Editorial Board: J. H. Frank, M. J. Paulsen Founding Editors: Ross H. Arnett, Jr., Virendra Gupta, John B. Heppner, Lionel A. Stange, Michael C. Thomas, Robert E. Woodruff Review Editors: Listed on the Insecta Mundi webpage Printed copies (ISSN 0749-6737) annually deposited in libraries CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, Australia Museu de Zoologia, São Paulo, Brazil Agriculture and Agrifood Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada The Natural History Museum, London, UK Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN, Warsaw, Poland National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Gainesville, FL, USA Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia Electronic copies (Online ISSN 1942-1354, CDROM ISSN 1942-1362) in PDF format Printed CD or DVD mailed to all members at end of year. Archived digitally by Portico. Florida Virtual Campus: http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/insectamundi University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Digital Commons: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/ Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-135240 Copyright held by the author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons, Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Layout Editor for this article: Robert G. Forsyth 0747: 1–8 2020 The identity of the adventive Gryllotalpa Latreille species (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae) in Hawaii, with illustration of male genitalia of G. orientalis Burmeister J. H. Frank Entomology and Nematology Department Bldg. 970, Natural Area Drive, University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611-0630, USA Abstract. The adventive mole cricket species (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae) in Hawaii is apparently Gryllotalpa krishnani Arun Prasanna et al., 2012. The adventive was long thought to be Gryllotalpa africana Palisot de Beau- vois, 1805. From 1983 until 2008 it seemed that Gryllotalpa orientalis Burmeister, 1839 might be the adventive’s correct name. However, male genitalia and tegmental characters of Hawaiian specimens match features of G. krishnani and not G. orientalis. Key words. Adventive mole cricket, invasive mole cricket, pest mole cricket, identification. Introduction An online version of the Hawaiian Arthropod Checklist Database of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum (Pyle 2002) listed Gryllotalpa africana Palisot de Beauvois as an adventive species on the islands of Kauai, Maui, and Oahu. Adventive species are those that arrived from elsewhere by some means and are not native; they include those that have arrived by entirely natural means, those that arrived as hitchhikers in cargoes, and those that were introduced deliberately. The online version has been with- drawn for updating, leaving an older, printed version (Nishida 1994). “Gryllotalpa africana” was noted by Perkins (1899) as a new arrival on the island of Oahu and dam- aging to sugarcane. At least by 1923 it was also on the island of Kauai and damaging to newly planted sugarcane and the banks of irrigation ditches (Swezey 1923). Its presence as a harmful adventive species (i.e., an invasive species) prompted a biological control campaign (Williams 1928). The identity of the mole cricket occurring in Hawaii became very questionable when Townsend (1983), decades later, published a revision of Afrotropical species of Gryllotalpa Latreille. He characterized G. africana, including the song and genitalia of the male which have characteristically long ventral processes. He stated that G. africana does not occur outside Africa, and “in Asia and Indonesia it is apparently replaced by G. orientalis [Burmeister], previously thought to be a synonym of [G.] africana.” Graaf et al. (2005) published a report on G. africana in South Africa, re-recorded its song to confirm the earlier analysis by Townsend (1983), and noted that the characteristics of this song do not match the characteristics of the song of mole crickets in Hawaii as given by Nickle and Castner (1984). This confirmed the supposition above that mole crickets in Hawaii are not G. africana. Townsend examined specimens of G. orientalis and designated a lectotype male, but he did not dissect and illustrate the genitalia. It seemed more likely that Hawaii’s pest mole cricket would be an Asian species, and based on statements by Townsend (1983), it might or might not be G. orientalis (Frank and Parkman 1999; Frank and Leppla 2008; Frank et al. 2010). Not until late 2005 was the listing in Orthoptera Species File Online (Cigliano et al. 2019) changed to remove G. orientalis from synonymy with G. africana. There is yet no revision of all species of Gryllotalpa occurring in eastern Asia, although several spe- cies have recently been described albeit without characterization of their songs and without modern redescription of G. orientalis. It is not my intention to revise the eastern Asian species. Evidently, characterization of G. orientalis was needed, and to accomplish this I (1) borrowed the lectotype of G. orientalis designated by Townsend (1983), and (2) borrowed 10 Hawaiian specimens of “G. africana” from the Bernice P. Bishop Museum (BPBM). My objective was to identify the (one, so far as I knew) Gryllotalpa species that occurs in Hawaii because I denied its earlier identification asG. africana. 2 • INSECTA MUNDI 0747, January 2020 FRANK Townsend (1983: 185) stated that “[G.] minuta” is common in the Oriental region but does not occur in Africa” despite the original description (by Burmeister 1839) bearing the words “Vom Kap”, which writers assumed meant from the Cape of Good Hope. The type locality is therefore unclear and is at least as confusing as are Burmeister’s statements of the locality for G. orientalis Burmeister (1839: 739). Ingrisch (1990: 167, fig. 63)
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