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Uncaria Tomentosa (Willd 24 November 2015 EMA/HMPC/259598/2014 Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC) Assessment report on Uncaria tomentosa (Willd. ex Schult.) DC., cortex Final Based on Article 10a of Directive 2001/83/EC as amended (well-established use) Based on Article 16d(1), Article 16f and Article 16h of Directive 2001/83/EC as amended (traditional use) Herbal substance(s) (binomial scientific name of Uncaria tomentosa, cortex the plant, including plant part) Herbal preparation(s) Pharmaceutical form(s) Rapporteur(s) Z. Biró-Sándor Assessor(s) O. Roza Peer-reviewer R. Länger 30 Churchill Place ● Canary Wharf ● London E14 5EU ● United Kingdom Telephone +44 (0)20 3660 6000 Facsimile +44 (0)20 3660 5555 Send a question via our website www.ema.europa.eu/contact An agency of the European Union © European Medicines Agency, 2016. Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Table of contents Table of contents ................................................................................................................... 2 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 4 1.1. Description of the herbal substance(s), herbal preparation(s) or combinations thereof .. 4 1.2. Search and assessment methodology ..................................................................... 7 2. Data on medicinal use ........................................................................................................ 7 2.1. Information about products on the market .............................................................. 7 2.1.1. Information about products on the market in the EU/EEA Member States ................. 7 2.1.2. Information on products on the market outside the EU/EEA .................................... 9 2.2. Information on documented medicinal use and historical data from literature .............. 9 2.3. Overall conclusions on medicinal use .................................................................... 11 3. Non-Clinical Data ............................................................................................................. 11 3.1. Overview of available pharmacological data regarding the herbal substance(s), herbal preparation(s) and relevant constituents thereof ........................................................... 11 3.1.1. Primary pharmacodynamics .............................................................................. 12 3.1.2. Secondary pharmacodynamics .......................................................................... 30 3.1.3. Safety pharmacology ....................................................................................... 38 3.1.4. Pharmacodynamic interactions .......................................................................... 39 3.1.5. Conclusions .................................................................................................... 39 3.2. Overview of available pharmacokinetic data regarding the herbal substance(s), herbal preparation(s) and relevant constituents thereof ........................................................... 39 3.3. Overview of available toxicological data regarding the herbal substance(s)/herbal preparation(s) and constituents thereof ....................................................................... 40 3.3.1. Single dose toxicity .......................................................................................... 40 3.3.2. Repeat dose toxicity ......................................................................................... 40 3.3.3. Genotoxicity ................................................................................................... 41 3.3.4. Carcinogenicity ................................................................................................ 41 3.3.5. Reproductive and developmental toxicity ............................................................ 41 3.3.6. Local tolerance ................................................................................................ 42 3.3.7. Other special studies ........................................................................................ 42 3.3.8. Conclusions .................................................................................................... 43 3.4. Overall conclusions on non-clinical data ................................................................ 43 4. Clinical Data ..................................................................................................................... 44 4.1. Clinical pharmacology ......................................................................................... 44 4.1.1. Overview of pharmacodynamic data regarding the herbal substance(s)/preparation(s) including data on relevant constituents ........................................................................ 44 4.1.2. Overview of pharmacokinetic data regarding the herbal substance(s)/preparation(s) including data on relevant constituents ........................................................................ 44 4.2. Clinical efficacy .................................................................................................. 44 4.2.1. Dose response studies...................................................................................... 44 4.2.2. Clinical studies (case studies and clinical trials) ................................................... 44 4.3. Clinical studies in special populations (e.g. elderly and children) .............................. 57 4.4. Overall conclusions on clinical pharmacology and efficacy ........................................ 57 5. Clinical Safety/Pharmacovigilance ................................................................................... 58 5.1. Overview of toxicological/safety data from clinical trials in humans ........................... 58 Assessment report on Uncaria tomentosa (Willd. ex Schult.) DC., cortex EMA/HMPC/259598/2014 Page 2/67 5.2. Patient exposure ................................................................................................ 63 5.3. Adverse events, serious adverse events and deaths ................................................ 63 5.4. Laboratory findings ............................................................................................. 64 5.5. Safety in special populations and situations ........................................................... 65 5.5.1. Use in children and adolescents ......................................................................... 65 5.5.2. Contraindications ............................................................................................. 65 5.5.3. Special Warnings and precautions for use ........................................................... 65 5.5.4. Drug interactions and other forms of interaction .................................................. 65 5.5.5. Fertility, pregnancy and lactation ....................................................................... 65 5.5.6. Overdose ........................................................................................................ 66 5.5.7. Effects on ability to drive or operate machinery or impairment of mental ability ...... 66 5.5.8. Safety in other special situations ....................................................................... 66 5.6. Overall conclusions on clinical safety ..................................................................... 66 6. Overall conclusions (benefit-risk assessment) ................................................................. 66 Annex .................................................................................................................................. 67 Assessment report on Uncaria tomentosa (Willd. ex Schult.) DC., cortex EMA/HMPC/259598/2014 Page 3/67 1. Introduction 1.1. Description of the herbal substance(s), herbal preparation(s) or combinations thereof • Herbal substance(s) Different definitions regarding the plant part used can be found in literature: According to the WHO monograph Uncariae cortex consists of the dried stem bark of Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.) DC. (Rubiaceae) (WHO monograph 2007). According to the definition of USP, cat’s claw consists of the inner bark of the stems of Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.) DC. (Rubiaceae). It contains ≥ 0.3% pentacyclic oxindole alkaloids as isopteropodine, calculated on the dried basis, as the sum of speciophylline, uncarine F, mitraphylline, isomitraphylline, pteropodine and isopteropodine. The tetracyclic alkaloids content is ≤ 0.05% (USP 37). According to Hagers Handbuch the herbal substance is the root bark (Blaschek et al. 1998). Uncaria tomentosa is a scrambling liana, up to 20-30 meters long, main stem up to 25 cm in diameter. It grows as high as altitudes of 500-600 meters above sea level, in high forests with abundant insolation and reaches 18-19 m in height (Roth and Lindorf, 2002; WHO, 2007). The plant, also known as the "life-giving vine of Peru", "cat’s claw", "saventaro", or "uña de gato", is a thick woody vine indigenous to the Amazon rain forest and other tropical areas of South and Central America. The plant has hook-like thorns, growing largely along the vine in a leafy pattern, which resembles the claws of a cat. The vernacular names ‘cat’s claw’ and ‘uña de gato’ in Spanish may lead to confusion because they are used for several plant species in tropical America. From the genus Uncaria the two most common species used and marketed interchangeably for their various properties are Uncaria
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