ESF EUROCORES Programme Ecosystem Functioning and Biodiversity in the Deep Sea (EuroDEEP) Final Report European Science Foundation (ESF) ESF Standing Committee for Life, Earth The European Science Foundation (ESF) is an and Environmental Sciences (LESC) independent, non-governmental organisation, the The ESF Standing Committee for Life, Earth and members of which are 72 national funding agencies, Environmental Sciences (LESC) is one of five research performing agencies and academies from 30 disciplinary scientific committees, composed countries. of leading scientists nominated by the Member The strength of ESF lies in its influential membership Organisations. and in its ability to bring together the different domains LESC is responsible for identifying scientific priorities, of European science in order to meet the challenges of formulating strategies and developing research agenda the future. within its scientific domains. The Committee aims to Since its establishment in 1974, ESF, which has its better understand biological, environmental and Earth headquarters in Strasbourg with offices in Brussels systems across time and space. It covers activities and Ostend, has assembled a host of organisations from molecular and systems biology to global change that span all disciplines of science, to create a of the environment. common platform for cross-border cooperation in LESC covers the following scientific domains: Europe. • Molecular Biosciences ESF is dedicated to promoting collaboration in • Microbiology scientific research and in funding of research and • Biological Chemistry science policy across Europe. Through its activities • Agriculture and instruments, ESF has made major contributions to • Plant and Biology science in a global context. ESF covers the following • Ecology scientific domains: • Climate Research • Humanities • Earth Sciences • Life, Earth and Environmental Sciences • Glaciology • Medical Sciences • Oceanography • Physical and Engineering Sciences • Meteorology • Social Sciences • Marine Sciences • Materials Science and Engineering • Nuclear Physics • Polar Sciences Editorial Board • Radio Astronomy • Dr Eva Ramirez-Llodra and Professor Francisco • Space Sciences Sardà Amills Project Leader, Institut de Ciències del Mar (CMIMA- www.esf.org CSIC), Barcelona, Spain • Dr Sylvie Gaudron Project Leader, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France • Professor Christian Stenseth Project Leader, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Oslo, • Dr Michail Yakimov Project leader, Institute of Coastal Marine Environment (CNR), Messina, Italy • Dr Paola Campus LESC Programme Coordinator, ESF, Strasbourg, France • Ms Anne-Sophie Gablin LESC Administrator, ESF, Strasbourg, France

Cover picture: Blue starfish, coral reef © iStockphotos Contents

Foreword 3

1. Governing Bodies 4 1.1 Management Committee 4 1.2 Scientific Committee 4 1.3 International Review Panel 5 1.4 Funding Organisations 5 1.5 Support Team at the ESF 5

2. Description of the EuroDEEP Programme 7 2.1 Rationale and Objectives 7 2.2 List of Projects 8 2.3 EUROCORES Quality Assurance 9

3. Highlights of the EuroDEEP Collaborative Research Projects (CRPs) 11 3.1 Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in contrasting southern European deep-sea environments: 11 from viruses to megafauna (BIOFUN) 3.2 Monitoring colonisation processes in chemosynthetic ecosystems (CHEMECO) 15 3.3 Unravelling population connectivity for sustainable fisheries in the Deep Sea (DEECON) 19 3.4 Microbial Diversity in the Deepest Hypersaline Anoxic Lakes (MIDDLE) 21

4. Networking and Dissemination Activities 24

5. Outreach Activities 28

6. Related ESF Activities 30

7. Conclusions 31

‘Ecosystem functioning and biodiversity in the deep deep the biodiversityin and functioning ‘Ecosystem Mediterranean area, and in studying the population population the studying in and area, Mediterranean The EUROCORES Programme EuroDEEP on EuroDEEP Programme EUROCORES The l l l Research Projects Research from 2007 to 2011 covering quite which these communities live. This will providethe will This live. communities these which Biology Symposium (June 2010) Symposium (June Biology gave EuroDEEP the Foreword edented setof results. diversity in two hypersaline anoxic lakes in the the in lakes anoxic hypersaline two in diversity the deepareas sea ecosystem, on research different interac the and deep-sea ecosystemfunctioning, monitoring the colonisation processes in chemosyn in processes colonisation the monitoring thetic ecosystems, in characterising the microbial microbial the characterising in ecosystems, thetic biosphere. global the deep sea of with tions the inhabit that species communities biological and the more in environment, deep-sea describe detail the between deep-sea habitats, their consequences habitats,their deep-sea for between for the marine resources that will benefit society as as benefit society resources will that for marine the explain to for programme describe, foundation the connectivity in order to handle sustainable fisheries fisheries order sustainable in to handle connectivity processes shape environment that the in chemical in Reykjavik in connection with the 12 the connectionwith in Reykjavik in Sea. Deep the in deep-sea environment, in European southern the in geo physical and the better understand and it, and predict variations of biodiversity within and and of predict variations biodiversity and within and this enabled it unprec to this and achieveand a large whole. a scientific results with a larger audience involved audience larger a with scientific results the chance toshare a valuable community scientific biodiversity ecosystem functioning the and standing conservation management options and sustainable to develop aims Programme sea environment, the sea’ (EuroDEEP) to designed explore was further The successful Final EuroDEEP Conference, EuroDEEP held Final The successful EuroDEEP consisted of Collaborative four EuroDEEP Beside the progress in understanding the deep the progress understanding the Beside in Significant progress has been made in under in progress been made has Significant th Deep Sea Sea Deep - - - - - Research Projects and the potential for future devel for future potential the Projects and Research European Science Foundation, a potential plan for plan Science apotential Foundation, European marine ecosystems generated by climate changes generated ecosystems changes marine by climate opments of research in a field which is of paramount opmentsis of paramount which of afield research in tific communities. tific the major the Collaborative achievements four of the basis to develop further, in collaboration with the the with collaboration in to developbasis further, framework, involving the marine and polar scien polar and marine the framework, involving alarger in research priorities activities and future four Project Leaders and all the scientists involved scientists the Project all four and Leaders commitment to this EUROCORES Programme. Programme. EUROCORES tocommitment this in EuroDEEP for their high level contribution and high for their EuroDEEP in in marine sciences. This event also eventprovidedalso the sciences. This marine in importance, considering the increasing threat to threat increasing the considering importance, and human presence. human and This comprehensive report is aiming to highlight comprehensivehighlight to This aiming is report My collaborators and I would like to thank the the to thank like My Iwould collaborators and EuroDEEP Administrator EuroDEEP Coordinator Foundation Science European Environmental of Earth, Head Life, Ms Anne-Sophie Gablin Anne-Sophie Ms and Polar Sciences Unit Sciences Polar and Dr Paul Egerton Paul Dr Campus Paola Dr - -

Ecosystem Functioning and Biodiversity in the Deep Sea (EuroDEEP) 3 Ecosystem Functioning and Biodiversity in the Deep Sea (EuroDEEP) 4 Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain eInnovación, Ciencia de Ministerio Dr Severino Falcón Morales Portugal eTecnologia (FCT), para Ciencia Fundação Dr Catarina Resende Th ofNorway Council Research e Dr Nina Hedlund (NWO), ThNetherlands e Scientifi for Organisation Research c Netherlands F. Josef Stuefer Dr (CNR), Italy Ricerche delle Nazionale Consiglio D’Amato Anna Dr Technologyand (IRCSET), Ireland Engineering Sciences, for Council Research Irish Mr Hynes Martin France (CNRS), Scientifi que Recherche la de National Centre Dr Francesca Grassia France Technologies et Lille, de Sciences des Université Professor Michel Salzet France (IRD), Développement le pour Recherche de Institut Dr Thomas Changeux France Division, (Ifr Mer la de Strategy and emer),Programs l’Exploitation pour Recherche de Français Institut Dr Pierre Cochonat and Cochonat Pierre Dr (FWO), Belgium Vlaanderen - Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek voor Fonds Dr Benno Hinnekint 1.1 l l l Governing Bodies 1. Management Committee Management Mr Antoine Dosdat Antoine Mr Dr Sylvie Gaudron Barcelona, Spain (CMIMA-CSIC), Mar del Ciències de Institut Professor Francisco Sardà Amills and EvaRamirez-Llodra Dr 1.2 Messina, Italy Messina, (CNR), Environment Marine of Coastal Institute Dr Yakimov Michail (CEES), Norway Oslo, Synthesis Evolutionary and Ecological for Centre Professor Stenseth Christian France Paris, Curie, Marie et Pierre Université Scientifi c Committee National Institute for Development (IRD) Development for Institute National France of (Ifr the Sea emer) Exploitation for Institute Research French France Scientifi for (CNRS) Research c Centre National France Research Foundation (FWO) Flanders Belgium 1.4 Ireland Cork, Institute, Research Environmental and Sciences, &Environmental Earth College Cork, University Dr Andrew Wheeler United Laboratory, Kingdom Plymouth Marine Warwick Dr Richard United Kingdom Science, Earth & of School Ocean of Southampton, University Tyler Paul Professor Canada Johns, St. Institute, Marine and Fisheries of Newfoundland, University Memorial Snelgrove Paul Dr France Paris, Océanographique, Institut Dr Myriam Sibuet Germany Bremerhaven, Meeresforschung, Alfr u. Polar- für ed-Wegener-Institut Klages Michael Dr United Plymouth, Kingdom Kingdom, of the United Association Biological Marine Dando R. Paul Professor edell’Ambiente, Italy dell’Uomo Scienze di Dipartimento of Pisa, University Professor Benedetti-Cecchi Lisandro 1.3 pour Institut le Funding Organisations International Review International Panel de dév recherche eloppement Th ofNorway Council Research e Norway (NWO) Scientifi for Organisation Research c Netherlands The Netherlands (CNR) Council Research National Italy (IRCSET) Technology and Engineering Sciences, for Council Research Irish Ireland EUROCORES Administrator (2009-20) Administrator EUROCORES Ms Gablin Anne-Sophie AdministratorEUROCORES (2006-2008) Ms Cindy Regnier (200-20) Coordinator EUROCORES Campus Paola Dr (2006-2009) Coordinator EUROCORES Jonckheere Inge Dr Unit ofHead the LESC Egerton Paul Dr 1.5 (MEC) Science and of Education Ministry Spain Technology and (FCT) Science for Foundation Portugal Support Team Support ESF at the

Ecosystem Functioning and Biodiversity in the Deep Sea (EuroDEEP) 5 Ecosystem Functioning and Biodiversity in the Deep Sea (EuroDEEP) 6 The deep sea is the largest environment on Earth. It environment thelargest Earth. deepis The seaon l l l Commercial exploitation of deep-sea fish stocks, exploitationCommercial stocks, of fish deep-sea Europe had the human resources accessto large- and human hadEurope the continue to yield deepExploration sea of will the 2.1 2. Programme EuroDEEP of the Description environment of spe composed variety of awide dence of damage caused by some of these activities, causedby some activities, dence of of these damage minerals, oil and gas resources, or the use of the deep deep of resources, the use or gas the and oil minerals, of interest for science, industry and society. and It a is of interest for science, industry take decades. unknown, largely being that, ecosystem an in urgent how and geological physical, to understand tial benthic areas for waste and CO for and areas waste benthic especially is knowledge this biosphere. Acquiring biodiversity.deepis the The sea onestud least of faunal communities with a vast yet largely unknown unknown yeta vast largely with communities faunal resulting in significant biodiversity and habitat biodiversity loss significant in resulting relatively continuous and highly interconnected cific ecosystems, both pelagic and benthic, which which and benthic, pelagic both ecosystems, cific resources biological and mineral important contains control biological and biogeochemical processes, processes, biogeochemical and control biological initiatives were developed within the Census of Census the wereinitiatives developed within where may ecosystems in recovery from disturbance There decade. is evi last the in steadily increasing pressure. anthropogenic increasing under already is aboutdeep sea. the aboutmoon than the known is whereied research environments planet, on is the at the ecosystem level. A number of ecosystemlevel.Anumber at European-led the global the relationships with their determine and scale facilities needed to undertake deep-searesearch needed to undertake facilities scale discoveries fordecades to come. significant advances. More to technological linked strongly andmicrobial unique, often and particular, sustain geochemical processes shapegeochemical deep-sea habitats, Large-scale multidisciplinary studies are essen studies multidisciplinary Large-scale Before the launch of EuroDEEP, no country in ofBefore in EuroDEEP, launch the no country Rationale and Objectives and Rationale 2 dumping, have dumping, been - - - - Marine Life (CoML) Life research Marine to identify Programme Technological Developments), (European ESONET CoML Programme are: ChEss (Chemosynthetic are: ChEss Programme CoML (IGBP). (SCOR), Research on of Oceanic and Committee Functioning Ecosystem and Biodiversity (Marine deep OCEan: the in ecosystem studies (EXtreme EXOCET/D Ridge), Mid-Atlantic the (Monitoring Ecosystem), (Continental invesCoMargE Margin - (Census ofCeDAMar DiversityofMarine Abyssal Ridge Ecosystem Project), studying the pelagic and and Project), pelagic the Ecosystem studying Ridge Ecosystem Science),Ecosystem on biogeography working of che Ecosystem Research on the Margins of European of European Margins on the Research Ecosystem (Hotspot EU Network of Excellence) HERMES and Life), assessing the biodiversity of abyssal plains; biodiversityLife), plains; the of abyssal assessing Seas). However, the with none initiatives, of these Network), MARBEF Observatory Floor Sea exception of HERMES, provided funding for new provided funding exception of HERMES, priorities and prepare scientific programmes prepareon spe priorities and programmes scientific developed 2004, generated early since and addi an mosynthetic ecosystems; MAR-ECO(Mid-Atlantic ecosystems; MAR-ECO(Mid-Atlantic mosynthetic of CoML. Parallel EU initiatives related EU initiatives to different Parallel of CoML. the International Geosphere-Biosphere International the Programme Scientific of the Life, of Marine Census of the text deep-sea the among networking for platform tional on of fauna distribution and diversity the tigating benthic fauna of the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge; Ridge; Mid-Atlantic northern of the fauna benthic funding for the development of top-quality deep-sea deep-sea development for the of top-quality funding research at the European level in the global con global the levelresearch in European at the part microbes also are and research on seamounts cific deep-sea topics. Relevant Projects falling in the in deep-sea topics.RelevantProjects falling cific continental margins; projects relevant to deep-sea margins; continental has been to provide the necessary framework and framework been to and has provide necessary the aspects of were deep-sea research monitoring aspects and sampling and exploration of the deep-sea. exploration and deep-sea. of the sampling MOMAR/MOMAR-NET communities: scientific The objective of the EuroDEEP Programme Programme objectiveThe EuroDEEP of the - - - -

Ecosystem Functioning and Biodiversity in the Deep Sea (EuroDEEP) 7 Ecosystem Functioning and Biodiversity in the Deep Sea (EuroDEEP) 8 The focus of the EuroDEEP Programme has been to has Programme theEuroDEEP of The focus Underwater Vehicles (AUVs),Underwater vehicles, deeptowed versity within and between deep-sea habitats, their deep-sea habitats, their between and versity within well as coordinating the efforts amongst scientists scientists amongst efforts the coordinating as well Vehicles (ROVs),water Autonomous submersibles, explore further the deep-sea environment, the describe explore further deep-sea in the biogeochemical processes affecting processes biogeochemical affecting the deep-sea in to mechanisms on the and deep sea, the in diversity equipment, newetc.), sensors, as sampling deep-sea deep-sea research:Remotely Operated ships, under conservation management and develop sustainable microbiologists, ecologists, physical and chemical chemical and physical ecologists, microbiologists, options for the marine resources. options formarine the oceanographers and geologists. and oceanographers the global biosphere, bringing together taxonomists, together taxonomists, biosphere, global the bringing of predict variations biodi and explain to describe, was focus this of aim The live. communities these inhabit that species communities biological and the biosphere. This will generate platform a solid to will biosphere. This biotic processes. biotic consequences for deep-sea ecosystem functioning, functioning, ecosystem deep-sea for consequences ScientificGoal ing of national large-scale resources, essential for resources, essential of large-scale national ing processes shape environment which ical that the in physical geochem the and understand better and it, and laboratoriesand involved from countries the and global the deep interactionsof sea with the and linking with ongoing projects. ongoing with linking generate it and maintain it of by abiotic means generate and it maintain and Associated Partners from 6 different countries. countries. from 6different Partners Associated (CRPs): of 19 Four consisting Individual Funded Collaborative Projects Research Research Projects in 8 different countries, countries, 8different Projects in Research working in close collaboration with 10 with close collaboration in working Duration of Programme: of Duration Deadline for Applications: 29 May 2006 Applications: for Deadline 3,5 Million Euro 3,5 Million research: for Budget Facts and Figures and Facts To reach this target, EuroDEEP focused on shar To focused EuroDEEP target, reach this EuroDEEP focused as well on the role on the of well the as focused EuroDEEP research excellent on catalysed bio EuroDEEP 2007-2011

- - - - - *Associated Partners University of Perpignan, CNRS, Perpignan, France Perpignan, CNRS, of Perpignan, University Germany Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium Ghent, University, Ghent CEMO), Netherlands The (NIOO- Ecology Coastal and Estuarine for Centre Científicas, Investigaciones de Superior Consejo Científicas, Investigaciones de Superior Consejo CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, Paris, Curie, Marie et Pierre Université CNRS, Paris, Curie, Marie et Pierre Université CNRS, Italy Ricerche, delle Nazionale Consiglio MEE), The Netherlands The MEE), France France Polytechnic University of Marche, Italy of Marche, University Polytechnic National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland of Ireland, University National Galway, Ireland of Ireland, University National Institu de Ciències del Mar (CMIMA), Barcelona, Barcelona, (CMIMA), Mar del Ciències de Institu Barcelona, (CMIMA), Mar del Ciències de Institu Heraklion, Greece Heraklion, (HCMR), Research Marine for Centre Hellenic Royal Netherlands Institute of Sea Research (NIOZ- Research of Sea Institute Netherlands Royal st ofReplaced 1st as Senckenberg, Department of Marine Zoology, Zoology, of Marine Department Senckenberg, Spain Spain Replaced as ofReplaced 1st as 2.2 chemosynthetic ecosystems (CHEMECO) chemosynthetic environments: from viruses to megafauna megafauna to viruses from environments: southerncontrasting European deep-sea (BIOFUN) Dr Elena Manini Dr Serge Heussner Professor Carlo Heip Duineveld Gerard Dr Dr Eva Ramirez-Llodra Professor Francisco Sardà Amills Dr Sylvie Gaudron (CRP Leader) Gaudron Sylvie Dr (CRP Leader) Gaill Françoise Dr Professor Michael Türkay* Lampadariou* Nikolaos Dr Professor Roberto Danovaro* Professor Ann Vanreusel Dr Gerard Fleming Professor John Patching Monitoring colonisationin processes Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in List of Projects

September 2009 by September 2010 by (CRP Leader) (CRP ‘Marine Scotland’, Aberdeen, United Kingdom Aberdeen, Scotland’, ‘Marine *Associated Partners *Associated Partner University of the Azores, Horta, Portugal Horta, of the Azores, University Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands Utrecht, University, Utrecht Ireland Dublin, College Dublin, University Portugal Aveiro, Aveiro, de Universidade Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium Ghent, University, Ghent Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le le per Interuniversitario Nazionale Consorzio Synthesis Evolutionary and Ecological for Centre Max Planck-Institute for Marine Microbiology Microbiology Marine for Planck-Institute Max Messina, Italy Messina, France Bicocca, Milano, Italy Milano, Bicocca, IBS-CNRES-UJF, Grenoble, France IBS-CNRES-UJF, Grenoble, France CNR, Environment Marine of Coastal Institute DOP - Research, Marine for Instistute IMAR, Norway His, Research, of Marine Institute France Marseille, IRD-CESB-ESIL, France Brest, Ifremer, (CEES), Norway Oslo, (MPIMM), Bremen, Germany Bremen, (MPIMM), Replaced by Replaced Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Mare del of Milano University Scienze Now at: Now (DEECON) Unravelling population connectivity for sustainable fisheries in the Deep Sea Sea Deep the in fisheries sustainable for Professor Ebel Christine Lange De Gert Professor Dr Yakimov Michail Neat* Francis Dr Dr Sergio Stefanni Dr Stefano Mariani Dr Halvor Knutsen Professor Stenseth Christian (CRP Leader) Professor Jean-Pierre Henriet* Boetius* Antje Professor Dr Marina Ribeiro da Cunha Dr Bernard Olivier Bris Le Nadine Dr Professor Cesare Corselli* Franzetti Bruno Dr Microbial Diversity in the Deepest Deepest the in Diversity Microbial Hypersaline Anoxic Lakes (MIDDLE) Lakes Anoxic Hypersaline UPMC, Marine station, LECOB, Banyuls, Banyuls, LECOB, station, Marine UPMC, (CRP Leader) (CRP *Associated Partners TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, TU At the time that the Call for Proposals is published, published, is for Proposals Call the that time the At 3 from 3 different countries). At that stage, the RP RP the countries).3 from 3different thatstage, At • • CSIC, Madrid, SpainCSIC, Madrid, Braunschweig, Germany Braunschweig, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Research, Infection for Centre Helmholtz The peerThe review Collaborative of Research the Collaborative Research Projects (CRPs) Research Collaborative were EUROCORES Funding Organisations (EFOs). Organisations Funding EUROCORES Project proposals in a EUROCORES Programme Programme aEUROCORES Project in proposals 2.3 prio ritisation, which ESF communicates to the communicates ESF which prio ritisation, page 4 page full the At proposals. prior invitation of to full the of Collaborative Research Projects of(CRPs), Research Collaborative with international and indepen and international of an establishment the outline proposals outline for proposals, rion. The RP makes recommendations for funding RP makes funding recommendations for The rion. reports. referees given are from outsideApplicants Europe. 2.3.2 2.3.1 2.3.3 (RP). In response to an open Call response Panel(RP). open Call In to an dent Review to at least 3 referees, including to at 3referees, least assessments including external is responsible for the sifting of outline proposals of responsibleoutline is for sifting the applicants are then considered by the RP with with considered then are applicants byRP the are submitted by a team of applicants (minimum of (minimum by applicants ateam submitted are a Management Committee (MC)a Management Committee (see established is to reply refereeanonymous to the opportunity an like EuroDEEP is a multi-stage process, including process, including amulti-stage is EuroDEEP like proposals stage proposals such an international peer review process, international four an such scientific quality being the main selection crite selection the main being quality scientific selected for EuroDEEP and launched in 2007. in launched and selected for EuroDEEP Professor Stoeck* Thorsten Dr Peter Golyshin* Ferrer* Manuel Dr The MC can request expert advice request from MC theThe can expert for the responsibility MC overall The has EUROCORES Scientific Committee, Review Review Committee, Scientific EUROCORES EUROCORES Programme within the guidelines guidelines the within Programme EUROCORES Panel or any other ad-hoc other orPanel any of the EUROCORES Scheme; EUROCORES of the As described in the previous section 2.1, after after previous the 2.1, section describedin As Written referees’ replies by assessmentsand EUROCORES Quality Assurance Quality EUROCORES Management Committee Project Selection Theme Selection for the EuroDEEP MC). forEuroDEEP the written proposal, each sent is for written advisory group; advisory of about 3pages - -

Ecosystem Functioning and Biodiversity in the Deep Sea (EuroDEEP) 9 10 Ecosystem Functioning and Biodiversity in the Deep Sea (EuroDEEP) • • • • • • • • • • They are assessed using the following criteria: the following using are assessed They To and Programme promote EUROCORES the Each EUROCORES Programme undergoes two two undergoes Programme EUROCORES Each Programme, EuroDEEP has proved has EuroDEEP Programme, agreat success, mid- and final- stages. The aim is to assess scientific scientific assess isaim to The stages. final- mid- and on the occasion of the Final Evaluation of occasion theon Final of the the the national funding organisations who support it organisations funding national the mid-term of the case review to: the in tors, and 2.3.5 2.3.4 cooperation and interactions among the investiga cooperation the among interactions and comprehensive reviews progress to evaluate at the and for the final to:review forfinal and the and well-integratedand research projects. showing a high degree cooperation of international ahigh showing Multidisciplinary Research: How each CRP is How Research: CRP each Multidisciplinary of the meetings Members may attend all review pro Members EUROCORES support the Collaborative Research: Results obtained within within obtained Results Research: Collaborative Relevance to the Call: Achievement most relevant Call: to the Relevance EUROCORES Programme as observers. as Programme EUROCORES European-added value: European dimension given given dimension European value: European-added Each MC member is responsible for liaising with MC memberwith Each responsible is for liaising Programme and to the relevant to the and field of Programme research; lessons there the are to and be learned Programme its potential; and Programme Novelty/Originality: Most innovative/origi Most Novelty/Originality: working towards (or achieving) multidisciplinary towards (orworking multidisciplinary achieving) organisation; their within examine the merits of the EUROCORES EUROCORES merits of the the examine EUROCORES merits of the the examine funding referees of their expert on behalf external outside Europe: a clear example illustrating their their outside example illustrating Europe: aclear scope). and of scale partners involving For CRPs issues addressing of expertise; mass critical oping projects process for EUROCORES funding of the organisation; to the Call. to the devel up ERA; (e.g: building to funding National would period that reporting this during CRP the supervision including organisation, funding their bution relevant to the Europe; field in of research for potential follow-up initiatives. follow-up initiatives. for potential research; research; cess by nominating potential Review Panel and and Panel Review potential cess by nominating added value to the Programme and their contri their and Programme to the value added longer to achieve) in an individual project; longer to achieve) individual an in not have been achieved (or have would taken nal scientific contribution of each CRP to the to contribution scientific CRP of each nal As commented by the Review Panel Members commented Panel As Review by the Mid-TermReviews Final and EUROCORES Acknowledgements EUROCORES - - - - - The aim of the European Collaborative Research Research Collaborative aim of European the The (ESF)provides Foundation Science European The 2009 acknowledgement onwards the is: ERAS-CT-2003-980409. Research funding is provided provided is ERAS-CT-2003-980409. funding Research European research in and across all scientific areas. scientific all across and in research European (EUROCORES) Scheme is to enable researchers in in researchers to enable is Scheme (EUROCORES) (LESC) Unit the at ESF. (and prior Commission), to 2008, European all the and scope are required to reach the critical mass neces mass to arerequired reachthe scope critical and scale European where areas in synergy scientific and Sciences Environmental and the Earth Life, by aged allows national basic research funding and perform and funding research basic national allows different European countries to develop collaboration collaboration develop to countries European different funding forfunding the coordinationand scientific network EuroDEEP EuroDEEP organisations. participating by the EC FP6 Programme, under contract no. contract under the EC Programme, FP6 the National Funding Organisations will provide the provide will Organisations Funding the National publications, posters, websites posters, publications, other dissemina and sary for top class science in aglobal in context. science top class for sary scientific coordination and support for network for support and coordination scientific under contract no. ERAS-CT-2003-980409. no. contract of 2009, As under the Programmes, particularly peer-reviewed particularly pub Programmes, the as outputstion required are identified to beclearly being Programme-funded or co-funded. This is an an is This or co-funded. Programme-funded being networking is funded through the EC FP6 Programme, the through ECProgramme, FP6 funded is networking important indicator for monitoring the outputs of of outputs the monitoring for indicator important lications. lications. ing activities of funded scientists currently through through currently scientists of funded ing activities ing in addition to funding. the research addition ing in excellent to support forces to join ing organisations The scheme provides a flexible framework which framework flexible a provides scheme The Until the end of 2008, scientific coordination and and coordination of 2008,Until the end scientific For EuroDEEP the acknowledgementFor the was: EuroDEEP For other EUROCORES Programmes from Programmes For EUROCORES other is man is ------Polytechnic University of Marche, Italy of Marche, University Polytechnic Professor Roberto Danovaro* Belgium Ghent, University, Ghent Professor Ann Vanreusel Galway, Ireland of Ireland, University National Dr Gerard Fleming ofReplaced 1st as Galway, Ireland of Ireland, University National Professor John Patching Italy Ricerche, delle Nazionale Consiglio Dr Elena Manini France Perpignan, CNRS, of Perpignan, University Dr Serge Heussner CEMO), Netherlands (NIOO- Ecology Coastal and Estuarine for Centre Professor Carlo Heip Th(NIOZ-MEE), Netherlands e Research of Sea Institute Netherlands Royal Duineveld Gerard Dr Spain Barcelona, (CMIMA), Mar del Ciències de Institu Científi Investigaciones de Superior cas, Consejo Dr Eva Ramirez-Llodra Spain Barcelona, (CMIMA), Mar del Ciències de Institu Científi Investigaciones de Superior cas, Consejo Professor Francisco Sardà Amills Leader) (Project Principal Investigators: (BIOFUN) to megafauna viruses from environments: deep-sea European southern contrasting in functioning ecosystem and Biodiversity 3.1 l l l Research Projects Collaborative of the Highlights 3. September 2010 by for Scientififor (NWO)Research c Engineering and TechnologyEngineering (IRCSET) (CNRS) *Associated Partners Germany Zoology, of Marine Department Senckenberg, Professor Michael Türkay* Greece Heraklion, (HCMR), Research Marine for Centre Hellenic Lampadariou* Nikolaos Dr life cycles with diversity and distribution patterns. patterns. distribution and diversity with cycles life and trophic structure between links the to explain of deep-sea ecosystems, functioning and diversity the onset of EuroDEEP,the to explore investigate and at It thereforeprokaryotes. critical, was and timely and organisms of small case the in especially scribed, unde- muchremains of which planet, on the highest by biodiversity the levels among characterized are deep oceans the that we indicates know little What fi equivalent of or afew the football hectares, elds. afew to only sampled amounts been physically has that beensea explored surface has the and to date, deep of the fraction Yet, small avery surface. only covering over 60%habitats Earth’s on of Earth, the Thlargest the are ecosystems and abyssal e bathyal Scientifi Backgroundand c Objectives The Netherlands: Spain: Italy: Ireland: France: Belgium Funding Organisations: sary baseline information forassessment of information the baseline sary Th theprovide will neces- obtained eresults National Research Council (CNR) Council Research National Ministry for Education and Science (MEC) Science and Education for Ministry National Centre for Scientifi c Research Scientifi for Research c Centre National Irish Research Council for Sciences, Sciences, for Council Research Irish :

Research Foundation (FWO) Flanders Netherlands Organisation Organisation Netherlands 11 Ecosystem Functioning and Biodiversity in the Deep Sea (EuroDEEP) 12 Ecosystem Functioning and Biodiversity in the Deep Sea (EuroDEEP) BIOFUN study sites. A sites. study BIOFUN Figure were ecosystems deep-sea components inhabiting life all time, forfirst project the BIOFUN that, was achievementimportant The mostthe students. of over and students 9 PhD 15 5 postdocs, with MsC component, 2010. had training astrong BIOFUN phase tookand2009 analysis place between The Analysis phase methodologies. samples standardised the wereners, and using taken part or most BIOFUN from all had participants cruises environment. the All and patterns logical bio relationship of between the study the allowing abiotic parameters, biological environmental, and simultaneously in sampling made effort the lighting high It worth is cruise. on the depending depths extra other as 1200, well 2000 3000 as and mdepth, to megafauna) componentsviruses at of seafloor the (from physical biological pled and geological, the sam and were multidisciplinary cruises these All Sea. across Mediterranean and (Galicia Bank) the (2007-2009), Atlantic the in 6 major cruises with field intense work had an has programme BIOFUN Field work from west ( to east Sea, Mediterranean the and Atlantic the in Bank Galicia the included areas relationstudy The conditions. toin environmental functioning ecosystem and biodiversity patterns between linkages the to understand megafauna, fromviruses analysis the time forfirst the ing –includ plain habitats mid-slope abyssal –the and approach, ecosystem deep-sea an two under ise, options. servation to propose and ecosystems con and management on deep-sea impact anthropogenic and natural the CM , Central Mediterranean, EM Mediterranean, , Central The 1.

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13 Ecosystem Functioning and Biodiversity in the Deep Sea (EuroDEEP) 14 Ecosystem Functioning and Biodiversity in the Deep Sea (EuroDEEP) Baldrighi, E.; S. Aliani, A. Conversi, E. Manini Conversi, Manini A. E. Aliani, S. E.; Baldrighi, Publications Selected managementofstrategies. specific development possible the allow will methodologies and techniques same the exactly investigated using by being which areas, Mediterranean and Atlantic provides and ofa comparativeto key this analysis contributesment BIOFUN of deep-sea ecosystems. manage future the aprerequisiteis for planning functioning ecosystem deep-sea biodiversity and between linkage of deep-sea biodiversity the and assessment of the An to megafauna. from viruses components, biological all time, study, forfirst the CRP, to the ment available in methodologies and equip expertise, of scientific range awide and methods ecosystem approach standardized using integrated for atruly allowed that joint cruises in resulted collaboration European the of BIOFUN, case specific the In collaboration. international power, be achieved through only human can which etc), corers, ment trawls, landers, as as such well as (oceanographic equip deep-water vessels, sampling technology state art of and the infrastructures large of use deep sea requires the the Sampling BIOFUN. by addressed objectives to achieve the being tial ProjectCollaborative Research (CRP) essen was providedthe by funding and expertise of scientific mass and critical international collaboration The European added value • First • Pioneer (Figure Marine litter and chemical contamination • Ecotrophic Modelling • Novel • Deployment tion in the deep Mediterranean. deep Mediterranean. the in tion progress). (in megafauna Mediterranean abyssal and yal (in development). ecosystems Mediterranean brates food sources. for same the inverte competewith which deep-sea fish, and of sensors megafauna. forstudy the chemical Marine Ecology Progress Series. Ecology Marine deep sea Ionian. the variables in environmental response to their and communities benthic of different study integrating an (in prep). From Micro to Macrofauna: quantification 3) data data on on of models links novel chemical between of landers basin-wide for contamination deep primary with litter Atlantic video productivity accumula and in bath geo and ------

Molari, M. and E. Manini (2012). Manini Reliability E. and M. Molari, TselepidesE N, Lampadariou Hatziyanni A, M.J.N., Bergman, M.S.S., Lavaleye, R.M., Jeffreys, M.J.N., Bergman, M.S.S., Lavaleye, R.M., Jeffreys, M.J.N., Bergman, M.S.S., Lavaleye, R.M., Jeffreys, M.J.N., Bergman, M.S.S., Lavaleye, R.M., Jeffreys, M.J.N., Bergman, M.S.S., Lavaleye, R.M., Jeffreys, Kerhervé, M., Stabholz, X., Madron, de Durrieu C, Corinaldesi Company JB, Danovaro R, Braeckman U Braeckman Sci Mar 73:337-345. Mar Sci Sea. Mediterranean eastern the in productivity of agradient primary along communities foraminiferal and (2009) meiofaunal Deep-sea 2011). (submit Bank to MEPS, at Galicia community the trophic megabenthic of The ecology R(in prep.) &Witbaard, G.C.A. Duineveld, 2011) (submit Atlantic toand MEPS, the Mediterranean a comparison between fish: deep-sea physiological in strategies and feeding biomarkersUsing in to reveal differences R(in prep). &Witbaard, G.C.A. Duineveld, approachmolecular (submit to Plos one, 2011). a deep-sea biodiversity to food quality: RLinking &Witbaard, G.C.A. Duineveld, 415-428. 58, Research from the Atlantic and MediterraneanDeep-Sea evidence biochemical and resource? Video afood as scavengersabyssal phytodetritus use R(2011). &Witbaard, G.C.A. Do Duineveld, 57, Research Deep-Sea observations. 621-627. situ evidence from in on material: plant (2010).scavenge macrourid Deep-sea fishes T. &Linley, R. Witbaard, G.C.A., Duineveld, of Lion. Gulf of the deep basin the in dynamics and sediment fluxes convection on particulate P &Testor, (in prep). R. of open-sea Impact Puig, M., Canals, A., Calafat, A, Khirpounoff, S. P., Kunesch, N., Heussner, Delsaut, S., pone.0011832. doi:10.1371/journal. e11832. 5(8): ONE Unknowable. the PLoS and Unknown, the Known, The Sea: Mediterranean the in TselepidesA. 2010 Biodiversity Deep-Sea Sibuet, F. M. Sardà, Sabbatini, A. Llodra, P. Olu, Ramirez- K. Polymenakou, E. Morigi, C. Luna, G.M. Lampadariou, N. Gooday, A.J. Gambi, C. B, Galil G, D’Onghia Progress Series 399:173-186. Ecology Marine and bioturbation. fluxes biogeochemical in density and traits functional M Gansbeke D Gansbeke , Vanaverbeke J , Provoost P Provoost , Middelburg JJ . (2010). Role of macrofauna , Gribsholt B Gribsholt Vincx Vincx K, , Soetaert, , Van Van Zeppilli D., Danovaro R. Cosmopolitanism and and Cosmopolitanism Danovaro D., R. Zeppilli F, Sardà Company E, Tecchio Ramírez-Llodra S, F, Sardà E, Tecchio Ramírez-Llodra S, (in &Schneider, prep.). M. S. Stefanni, On the Modeling Oevelen &van D(2009). K, Soetaert, (in prep.). S. &Stefanni, Schneider, First M. F. Company,Sardà, and (in review). J.B. deep- The F. Company,Sardà, and E., J.B., Ramirez-Llodra, Van Oevelen Vanreusel L., D., Moodley Pape E., the deep-sea ecosystems. 1: 291-305. Animals deep-sea ecosystems. the 1993Bussau, (Nematoda: Monhysterida) in Manganonema genus the of biogeography Prog 181–192. Ecol Ser., 439: Mar gradients. bathymetric and longitudinal along communities megabenthos Mediterranean Sanchez-Vidal A(2011)R, Drivers of deep Pedrosa-Pàmies Mechó Palomera I, A, JB, 75(2):341-350. Marina Scientia basins. Mediterranean on central western and megafauna demersal (2011)Company JB of Biodiversity deep-sea Mediterranean. Eastern Basin, Somniosidae) Levantine the in rostratus Somniosus shark water rare of deep- biology the and occurrence (1):22 128-143. Oceanography: Guide. APractical Ecosystems, Food Deep-Sea Web Benthic in Interactions Basin. Mediterranean Zoarcidae) from deep-waters Eastern of the atlanticum record softpout Melanostigma Atlantic of the biology. Marine Sea. species Mediterranean on the 1816, Decapoda): euribathic Crustacea: an antennatus sea recruitment of Aristeus 31:overprint?” Ecology Marine 167-182. ahuman Northwestern Mediterranean: the in canyon adjacent and submarine slope Blanes of the structure community and patterns (2010). G. Rotllant, diversity “Megabenthic commuities. benthic deep-sea structured differently in substances (in prep)A. dissolved fate The of organic 011-0056-5. 10.1007/s00284- DOI Microbiololgy. Current sediments. deep-sea surficial of archaea in procedure for enumeration of CARD-FISH (Risso, 1826) (Risso, (Elasmobranchii, KOEFOED, 1952 (, ( Rhinoscymnus ) (Risso, (Risso,

(MPIMM), Bremen, Germany Bremen, (MPIMM), Microbiology Marine for Planck-Institute Max Boetius* Antje Professor Portugal Aveiro, Aveiro, de Universidade Dr Marina Ribeiro da Cunha France Marseille, IRD-CESB-ESIL, Dr Bernard Olivier France at: Now France Brest, Ifremer, Bris Le Nadine Dr France Paris, Curie, Marie et Pierre Université CNRS, Leader) (Project Gaudron Sylvie Dr ofReplaced 1st as France Paris, Curie, Marie et Pierre Université CNRS, Leader) (Project Gaill Françoise Dr Principal Investigators (CHEMECO) ecosystems in chemosynthetic processes 3.2 ments, comparison of natural and experimental experimental and comparison ofments, natural replication ofof colonisation site experi surveys, combination aunique through aims these address proposed to processes. CHEMECO biogeochemical and exchanges colonisation on chemical metazoan of project impact the toond was assess of aspect this A sec of newly-established communities. structure tropic biodiversity and the in importance on their development on the and larvae, of symbioses, zoan recruitment onof the meta microbial communities, of thepioneerestablishment place on first the in relied interest of CHEMECO specific The Sea. North and Ocean Atlantic to Sea the Mediterranean waters, from the European the in distributed of colonisationstudy processes at several sites Project (CRP) amultidisciplinary to realise was Research Collaborative objectivethis of The main ScientificBackgroundand Objectives Portugal: France: Funding Organisations *Associated Partners Belgium Ghent, University, Ghent Professor Jean-Pierre Henriet* Development (IRD) Development for of (Ifremer); the Sea Institute National Exploitation for Institute (CNRS); Research French (FCT) Monitoring colonisation colonisation Monitoring UPMC, Marine station, LECOB, Banyuls, Banyuls, LECOB, station, Marine UPMC, National Centre for Scientific Research Research Scientific for Centre National Foundation for Science and Technology and Science for Foundation September 2009 by

- - - 15 Ecosystem Functioning and Biodiversity in the Deep Sea (EuroDEEP) 16 Ecosystem Functioning and Biodiversity in the Deep Sea (EuroDEEP) 2300 meters deep, from the Eastern Mediterranean 2300 Mediterranean meters deep, Eastern from the from 3542006 to 2009 ranging at meters depths to one devices colonisation weredeployedFifty from 1year, 2weeks, period of 3years. time: 2years and reducedto generate habitat chemically for different substrates different organic with cold seeps) filled vents (hydrothermal ecosystems and mosynthetic che areas hosting seafloor different placedwas in Invertebrates (Gaudron 2010).Larval etal. This COlonisation of Ecosystem for CHEMosynthetic Figure nisation device named CHEMECOLI ( namedCHEMECOLI device nisation amulti-site ( integrated study allowed approachmental implemented, was that which and theexperi thein liesprojectof originality The main Field work years. ous previ the in expertise an acquired (AP) CRP of the Investigators (PIs) Principal Partner Associated and different the for which ecosystems, chemosynthetic to becharacterised. planned also were patterns biogeochemical and chemical logical, and eco settings geological Local sites. at different order in be used to replicate long-term experiments substrates were to organic and planned of mineral type same the hosting colonisation devices Similar modeling. reactive microsensors, and transport with monitoring chemical situ in assemblages, organism The CHEMECO community used a novel colo community CHEMECO The CHEMECO focussed on aseries of focussed deep-sea CHEMECO 4. CHEMECOLI experiences Figure Figure 4 ). 5 ) - - - - - Figure metazoan. to the fungi) microbiota micro-eukaryote, (bacteria, deep-sea of reducinghabitats the from functioning ecosystem biodiversity and the to understand expertise( different with CHEMECOLI, groups substrates shared issued from the that the involved experiment The a numberof research on board device (Gaudron of2010). the ery al. et etDuperron, 2010) Bris (Le tools recov the during electrochemical using measured was this level, and produced being at micromolar still was gen sulphide 1700 hydro Mediterranean, meters eastern deep in ( Sea Norwegian to the CHEMECOLIs in situ at Haakon Musby. Musby. Haakon at situ in 5. CHEMECOLIs Figure 4 ). After one at year ). After © Vicking/Ifremer Figure 6 ) - - and disperse to various habitats to geographical various and disperse and to adapt potential the species mussel with versatile ahighly of suggesting Mexico, Gulf the in naturally and of Cadiz, Gulf the in CHEMECOLI within 2012). occurred mussels (Lorion etal., Very similar wood deployments and tubeworms carbonates, ing species were sampled substrates includ from various (2007), Mediterranean Eastern specimens of this the in Medeco the cruise During Mediterranean. of onEastern from investigation specimens the based tissue, its gill symbionts in 6bacterial harbour Figure picture on the length shell Idas mytilid The small substrates. from benefit they sheltertheir and access to while needs, hosts’ nutritional of their at part least sustain Bacteria sulphur- often ria, or methane-oxidizers. bacte chemosynthetic relationshipssymbiotic with habitats). have These metazoans evolvedin complex reducing substrates (mimicking organic harbouring prep) recovered CHEMECOLI were mainly within 2010; 2010; in et al., Gaudron etal. Matos etal. Polychaeta and (siboglinid)Bathymodiolid) (Brissac vesicomyid, solemyid, (thyaririd, as such species symbiotic Interestingly communication). pers. biodiversity (Cunha, be ahotspot of marine prep.). seems to (Matos in Cadiz of etal. The Gulf whatever depth or the duration the of Cadiz, Gulf deployedstrates and Mud the Vulcanos of the in sub organic with filled CHEMECOLI within found diversity subm). in was highest The et al. (Böggeman erotrophic some species species new with to Science het including ay stages, young metazoans collect to managed CHEMECO device, this Through novelSpecific results 7 sp.(1 Med. ) was shown to) was cm - - - - of new anaerobic involved microorganisms the in preparation). in etal., 2010;locations (Duperron etal., Rodrigues recovered from cold seeps at 1700 meters deep. deep. 1700 at meters seeps cold from recovered Alive chemosymbiotic species from eastern Mediterranean on board, Figure C1TH30 strain and from deep-sea sediments, dus piezophilus sidered anovel species as ( bacterial C1TLV30, strain of novel SRB: of two strains con have Mediterranean enabled isolation Eastern the deployed for one at year 1700 meters the deep in ments from issuedfrom wood CHEMECOLI cubes enrich respect, this In environments. marine in matter organic of oxidation the to contributors significant as known (SRB), particular bacteria in sulfate-reducing and compounds, reduction of sulfur Some of the other highlights are the discovery discovery the are Some highlights other of the , a piezophilic hydrogenotrophic SRB isolated hydrogenotrophic , apiezophilic SRB 7.

- profun D. with 96%), having similarity The multidisciplinary approach 6. Figure © Duperron&Gros Desulfovibrio - - 17 Ecosystem Functioning and Biodiversity in the Deep Sea (EuroDEEP) 18 Ecosystem Functioning and Biodiversity in the Deep Sea (EuroDEEP) and Belgian cruises. These cruises permitted the permitted These cruises cruises. Belgian and fromthe French,German benefitting experiments, situ several in to conductmanaged successfully have Project, scientists Collaborative Research internationalCHEMECO the approach. Through of experimental the focus the valuable to enlarge been highly has of ship-time sharing ation, for costs oper ship context of the increasing In European added value along are process. studies Ecological results. own their behappy with will when partner each on colonisation asynthesis to write oryear two, next group the hopes, in However CHEMECO the gene pyrosequencing (454). and sequencing using environments. deep marine in wood falls thedecomposition in of significance of ecological be considered should microorganisms these gest that sug Ocean Atlantic the in and Sea Mediterranean the in depths samples at different from wood fall Desulfovibrio enotrophic acetoclastic and prep). in etal., Isolationof hydrog (Khelaifia be considered novel as species of genus Desulfovibrio with with B0109P2, 98% having similarity strain depth) SRB: other led isolation of to the two (Mercator)Vulcano (354m of Cadiz Gulf from the from Mud issuedfromwood CHEMECOLI cubes from the composition.enrichments lipids Further membrane in changes shows unique strain this and at 10 Mpa pressures up and to 250optimally bars, C1TLV30 growing shown was to be piezophilic, accepted). al., et Strain environments (Khelaifia isolated from marine also SRB acetoclastic an dechloracetivorans D. with 99%having similarity ing microbes, protists and metazoans diversities metazoans and protists microbes, ing study not still are yet some available as partners tivorans The complete full picture of colonisation is picture completeThe full D. marinisediminis D. , and strain B0109G, having 98% similarity B0109G, 98% having similarity strain , and . Both isolates should also also isolates should . Both D. dechlorace D. strains A - - - - - ,

researchers with different expertise expertise (from geologi different researchers with expertise. museum deep submergence vehicles, and networks, ships, including infrastructures, shared European immensely from Project The benefitted has Cadiz. of Gulf the via Mediterranean to Sea the Norwegian waters, from ofthe area of European alarge study Colaço et al. Trophic of colonization Colaço etal. structure Gaudron, C., Bienhold, M., Böggemann, Gros, O.,and C.F., T.,Brissac, Rodrigues, Cambon- L., Durand, D., Arzur, G., Burgaud, Publications Selected papers. disciplinary common multi in together these beto put all will separately, step next results the and their analysed laboratory, the Backexperts in the experiments. namics) have shared together and been on cruises trophody zoology, biology, molecular microbiology, development, technology measurements, submarine habitat biological flux and to chemical mapping, cal of CHEMECO is one of the assets of this CRP: CRP: of this one is assets of the of CHEMECO 011-0091-2. DOI 10.1007/s12526- journal, Biodiversity Marine seeps Mediterranean, from eastern cold in substrates experiments organic from recovered Polychaeta) (Annelida: (2011).S.M. Anew species of Glyceridae 198-210. 32: Mar. Ecol. Mediterranean. Thyasiridae)fromthe eastern in a cold seep Lucinidae) Thyasira sp. and (Bivalvia: sp. (Bivalvia: Myrtea in symbioses bacterial (2011)Duperron, S. of Characterization Microbiol 73: 121-133. Ecol FEMS fauna. vents: with association and species richness deep-sea hydrothermal yeats in culturable Barbier, M-A., Bonavita, (2010). G. Marine The international, multidisciplinary character character international, multidisciplinary The B strain C1TLV30 strain of wall cell of type negative Gram- the showing sections bacterial cells. shaped vibrio showing strain of cells of photomicrograph A 8. Figure , Phase-contrast , Phase-contrast B T , Ultrathin , Ultrathin - - - Rodrigues, C.F., Duperron, S., Cunha, M.R., M.R., Cunha, Duperron, S., C.F., Rodrigues, S.M. Gaudron, and Duperron, S., C.F., Rodrigues, S.M. Gaudron, and Duperron, S. Jorge,Nunes A., Cunha, C.F., Rodrigues, A., Matos, F., Hilario, Nascimento, do J., S., Halary, J., Lorion, Bayon, M., Rafelis, de C.,T.S., F., Little, Lartaud, Aussignargues, M.L., S., Fardeau, Khelaifia, Duperron, S, M., Pailleret, S.M., Gaudron, Duperron S. Demoyencourt E., S.M., Gaudron, (2010)Duperron, S. diversity deep-seaof The atlantic species? preparation.atlantic in sp. amphi- Med. Idas etal. S.M. Gaudron, Vol.Records, e10. 4: (eastern Sea).fan Mediterranean Mar. Biodiv. deep-sea Nile of the apockmark solemyid in (2011) record documented First of aliving preparation. in CHEMECOLIs, within bivalves Identification of marine recovered preparation. in ecosystem, chemosynthetic in substrates of artificial Colonization M.R. 53: 77-87. Mar. Biol. Cah. multiplesymbionts. bearing acold seep mussel Mytilidae), (Bivalvia: (2012). sp. of Med, Idas Evolutionary history Duperron and S. A., Couloux, S., Samadi, United 108: 7698-7703. States of America, Academy National of the of Sciences of the Proceedings assemblages. chemosynthetic fueling fluids evidence for serpentinization (2011). N. F., Bris, Fouquet, Le Y., Gaill, Fossil Gressier, B., Ildefonse, V., J., Dyment, G., 11: 2706-2711. Microbiol, Evol. System. J. Int. Sea. Mediterranean in falls isolated from bacterium wood sulfate-reducing sp. nov., piezophilus Desulfovibrio anovel (2011) F., B. Ollivier, Gaill, S.M., Gaudron, Cayol, J.L., C., Tambourini, M., Garel, C., 1-12. 70: Research, Environmental habitats.reducing Marine substrates deployedinto deep-sea organic in of species associated fauna symbiotic and F(2010). F., Gaill, Colonization Pradillon, press. in Bulletin, Biological dispersal. gametogenesis to larval from modiolaeformis: Idas mussel symbiotic (2012). cold of Reproductive the seep traits (peer-reviewed chapter). book Springer, series, Geobiology 33: 137-168in (Ed.) The Kiel In andSeepVent Biota. Topics (review). symbioses bacterial their and mussels a comparative approach, preparation. in environments: chemosynthetic at modules

Engineering and TechnologyEngineering (IRCSET) Norway: Norway: Ireland: Funding Organisations *Associated Partner United Kingdom Aberdeen, Scotland’, ‘Marine Neat* Francis Dr Portugal Horta, of the Azores, DOP -University Research, Marine for Instistute IMAR, Dr Sergio Stefanni Ireland Dublin, College Dublin, University Dr Stefano Mariani Norway His, Research, of Marine Institute Dr Halvor Knutsen (CEES), Norway Oslo, Synthesis Evolutionary and Ecological for Centre Professor Stenseth Christian Principal Investigators (DEECON) Sea Deep the in fisheries for sustainable connectivity Unravelling3.3 population in economically important deep-sea fish species, fish deep-sea important economically in population structure and population connectivity approach to unravel forodologies amultidisciplinary structure. population spatial and behaviour migratory dispersal, their and potential, reproductive their at maturity, age and growth their life-span, of their deep seateristics species, as such charac life-history demographic and underlying of the understanding the in lies ecosystems, tecting and pro fisheries Akey to managing communities. andof species thesurvival as as well of fisheries, concerns serious about long-termraise the viability presumablyand low of populations, resilience such rate slow growth naturally the with along species, of biology several ofnew target the understanding lack of current resulting The conservation. and of stock for managementparameters purpose the of basic biological estimates obtain reliably can tists exceed scien pace greatly at the which technologies, of relevant availability growing the place, and ing world. of the parts many resources in towards deep-sea living less-known, of commercial harvesting shift the resulted in has stocks coastal traditional of Over-exploitation ScientificBackgroundand Objectives Portugal: (FCT) DEECON aimed to apply aimed mostDEECON meth modern the tak is deep sea harvesting which intensity at The Irish Research Council for Sciences, Sciences, for Council Research Irish Research Council of Norway (NFR) of Norway Council Research Foundation for Science and Technology and Science for Foundation (Project Leader) (Project

- - - - - 19 Ecosystem Functioning and Biodiversity in the Deep Sea (EuroDEEP) 20 Ecosystem Functioning and Biodiversity in the Deep Sea (EuroDEEP) 4. 3. 2. 1. points: the Thefollowing in noveltythelies of research novelSpecific results for project. the ity perspective level another of and multidisciplinar adaptation deep tostudy sea brought the a new gene to extension include expressionFurther to synthesis. projects complete interdisciplinary the individual the CRP, as the developedbeing within thatcurrently ontion is intra-specific biodiversity of informa wealth the utilising future, near the in broader in terms be addressed will which point, second to the contributing ogy, hence directly overlapping species with morphol cryptic two the Aphanopus genus of study The alone. provide can method single any than information mtDNA), and more providing microsatellites robust (both genetic and analyses modeling oceanographic chemistry, otholith including methods, plementing use of the benefits com from first greatly point The 1. been: ecosystems. valuable most world’s for the managementone sound plans of entifically to for be used knowledge biological developing sci approaches, new fundamental acquired DEECON of proven new and mix technology a well-balanced on Based research deep sea. into new frontiers the in to spearhead European opportunity unique the with representedcollaborative team consortium asolid involved, field each the within a profound expertise strong research groups with of individual joining the common statistical modelling framework. Through a within modelling oceanographic and chemistry, micro genetic markers, otolith molecular using 2.

Uncovering differentia of strong patterns spatial Developing novelDeveloping genetic markers for several brosme ( tusk in genetic structure population behind mechanisms primary Understanding Detecting population structure and understand and structure population Detecting The two most focal points of the points of haveresearch two most focal The tion in otolith microchemistry in the Roundnose Roundnose the in microchemistry otolith in tion seep-sea species. recognised. hitherto than scale geographic at alarger Roughy Orange the in ture ( Grenadier and structures; such behind processes mechanisms and ing nities. deep sea commu biodiversity in Characterising Detecting absence genetic struc of population Detecting ) in NE Atlantic and the Roundnose Roundnose the and Atlantic NE ) in C. rupestris C. ). identifies identifies Brosme Brosme ------populations from the deep-water from the populations environment. project. from the publications arising stages. history genelife and flow at various dispersal characterizing to resolvegists commonincluding research issues, ecolo worked marine and geneticists with together Oceanographers selected deep sea fishes. in tivity connec of population mechanisms understand to order in simulations, and modeling computer other and oceanographic genetic markers, and multi-locus shape and analysis, chemistry otholith researchers combined as narity: such methodologies multidiscipli entailed of nature DEECON The very 5. Cunha RL, Madeira C, Coscia I, Mariani S, S, Mariani Coscia I, C, Madeira RL, Cunha Publications Selected context. multidisciplinary a multi-species and in connectivity population ing for explor provide species, and of these guidelines management international and European for future to serve provide advice better from will DEECON the that results expected is it community, scientific involvementheavy ICES the in of several partners to the Due deep sea. demographic the processes in progress understanding in gaps so further make and ocean-wide perspective. and keeping a Europe without project DEECON like it have would been impossible even to conceive a associated offisheries, the nature transnational the geographic covered range by deep sea habitats and Giventhe vast structure. population deep sea fish for investigating developing new and methods ples, leaders for sam cruise scientific with interacting scale, geographic large work of a on promotion research been developedDEECON has through European added value expression to depth, as well as variation among variation as expression well as to depth, duction of the most innovative interdisciplinary most of innovativeduction the interdisciplinary

& Evolution. & To Phylogenetics to: besubmitted Molecular deep-sea shark Centroselachus crepidater”.the “Ancient DNA divergence in mitochondrial (2012, prep.) in R, STefanni Castilho Sand Transcriptome of from 6separate tissues Another important step will be linking gene belinking step will important Another proallow will integrationdata The phase of for adeep sea fish. transcriptomefirst the is This depth. ciated with Aphanopus carbo grenadier, complementing genetic results. Results will be crucial to identify knowledge knowledge to identify be crucial will Results , to explore gene expression asso ------Schneider M, Sannæs H, Jorde, H, PEJ Knutsen and Sannæs M, Schneider Ring AK, Knutsen H and André C(2009). André Hand Knutsen AK, Ring Trueman NeatLongmore CN, C, F, O’Gorman Neat F., K., Brophy Fogarty Longmore C., OA, Skogen Jorde Bergstad H, PE, Knutsen Knutsen H, Jorde PE, Sannæs H, Hoelzel AR, AR, Hoelzel H, Jorde Sannæs H, PE, Knutsen S Stefanni H, D, Sannæs Catarino H, Knutsen Knutsen H, Marie Le Goff-Vitry, Le Marie H, D, Knutsen Hoelzel Fiani S M&Mariani Sala-Bozano Coscia I, S, Helyar S J&Mariani Coughlan C, Sacchi S, Helyar of 11 microsatellite loci in the abbysal abbysal of the 11 lociin microsatellite H (2009). characterisation and Isolation press. in Resources, the ling ( ling the Development lociin of ten microsatellite 435: 209-224. Series, Progress rupestris Coryphaenoides adeep sea fish, in structuring population spatial life-long indicates geochemistry S(2011). JA &Mariani EJ, Milton Otolith of Fishes rupestris Coryphaenoides adeep-sea teleost, in variation of spatial forstudy the shape analysis otolith and microchemistry comparison of otolith (2010). S. &Mariani Trueman,D., C. A Progress Series Ecology processes. Marine and patterns rupestris: a deepwaterCoryphaenoides fish (2011).M. in Population genetic structure Ecology, Brosme tusk fish brosme. demersal Molecular deepwater the in promoting genetic structure NC barriers (2009).Stenseth Bathymetric Tand Johansen S, OA, Stefanni Bergstad s12686-009-9021-z. Conservation ( deep sea black the scabbardfish loci in (2009). Development of eleven microsatellite Molecular Ecology Notes Ecology Molecular ( grenadier roundnose the species, fish amarine lociin microsatellite of (2008). characterization and Isolation AR 10.1007/s12686-010-9316-0. DOI: Resources. Genetics Conservation sea sharks. Somniosidae)(Squaliformes: deep other and Centroselachus velvetcrepidater dogfish (2010). lociforlongnose the New microsatellite doi: 10.1007/s12686-009-9049-0. ). in other (: amplification ( sea fish (2009). Novel locifor adeep microsatellite Aphanopus carbo 18, 3151-3162. 18, . DOI 10.1007/s10641-010-9674-1. DOI . Environmental Biology Biology to. Submitted Environmental berglax Macrourus Molva molva Molva

DOI 10.1007/ DOI Resources, Genetic , revised. Conservation Genetics Resources, Resources, Genetics Conservation ).

). ). Coryphanoides rupestris Coryphanoides Molecular Ecology Ecology Molecular , 8, 993-995. , 8, . Marine Ecology Ecology Marine ) and their their ) and ). ). Stefanni Dr Yakimov Michail Principal Investigators (MIDDLE) Anoxic Lakes Hypersaline Deepest 3.4 The Netherlands: Italy: France: Funding Organisations *Associated Partners Germany Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, TU Professor Stoeck* Thorsten Germany Braunschweig, Research, Infection for Centre Helmholtz Dr Peter Golyshin* SpainCSIC, Madrid, Ferrer* Manuel Dr Italy Milano, Bicocca, (CoNISMa), Mare del of Milano University Scienze le per Interuniversitario Nazionale Consorzio Professor Cesare Corselli* IBS-CNRES-UJF, Grenoble, France Franzetti Bruno Dr by Replaced IBS-CNRES-UJF, Grenoble, France Professor Ebel Christine Netherlands Utrecht, University, Utrecht Lange De Gert Professor Italy Messina, CNR, Environment Marine of Coastal Institute (CNRS) White T.A., Stefanni S., Stamford J. and Hoelzel Hoelzel and StamfordJ. S., Stefanni T.A., White for Scientific Research (NWO)Research Scientific for s10592-009-9838-8. species. twodeep-sea macrourid other in amplification Macrouridae) cross and (Actinoperygii, carapipnus Coryphanoides grenadier carapine Molecular Ecology 18: 2563-2573. Ecology Molecular dependence relatively and low fecundity habitatdefined with well deep-sea fish lived, long- a in panmixia basin Ocean (2009). A.R. 0998.2008.02470. 10.1111/j.1755- doi: Resources, Ecology Molecular deep-sea species of scabbardfish. cryptic Atlantic two of the for discrimination Menezes method G(2009). Rapid PCR-RFLP Microbial Diversity in the the in Diversity Microbial National Research Council (CNR) Council Research National

National Centre for Scientific Research Research Scientific for Centre National S, Bettencourt S, Conservation Genetics, DOI 10.1007/ Genetics, Conservation Netherlands Organisation Organisation Netherlands (Project Leader) (Project

R, Knutsen H and Hand Knutsen R,

21 Ecosystem Functioning and Biodiversity in the Deep Sea (EuroDEEP) 22 Ecosystem Functioning and Biodiversity in the Deep Sea (EuroDEEP) ners was achieved. All the research partners and, and, research partners the All ners achieved. was part the between collaboration Project a tight theMIDDLE wholethe duration Throughout of European added value environments. not athalalassohaline cater harsh for extremely concept the system: “ but rather by chaotropicityavailability, eco of the not limited by water primarily defined is which life, of limit the defined Kryos Discovery and lakes Biosphere. of Evolution and of Biology field the in new insights bring certainly will of DHALs ogy, biochemistry and biol phylogeny ecology,molecular and structural Moreover, the studies. progress studying the in be applied for can astrobiological that knowledge giveand life new for cellular limits the define that capabilities biochemical the fora basis elucidating provide environments will extreme such in ganisms microor of strategies pro- eukaryotic and survival into Insights deep-sea lakes. hypersaline anoxic Sea to Mediterranean have to besimilar been suggested of Europa, ocean aputative and deposits, subsurface depressions hydrous sulphate in enriched Martian Jupiter’s and moon Europa. particular in planets, icy cruise. 2008 MIDDLE the during partners discovered MIDDLE by the were two lakes, four these Among ofties MIDDLE. time weredeep-sea (DHALs) lakes subjected for first the hypersaline anoxic Sea Mediterranean four that fact Project the this consists of of highlight The main novelSpecific results of biology proteins. physics structural and bio genomics; environmental and biotechnology enzymology; and biochemistry diversity; microbial and geophysics;chemistry biogeochemistry and severalresearch geo areas: in groups specialising scientific of various participation the through itself project manifested MIDDLE of the character nary multidiscipli The biotechnology. in knowledge and applicationthis levels, complexity of different environment extreme deep-sea at oftion aunique comprehensive Biosphere the the through investiga and Evolution field of Biology the in of knowledge fundamental time new forfirst the to gain ject was pro strategic objectiveMIDDLE the The main of ScientificBackgroundand Objectives tats for life or preservation fortats on of life life’s signatures habi potential for evaluating analogues best the As an example, the study of the athalassohaline athalassohaline of the study the example, an As Hypersaline anoxic lakes areconsidered lakes anoxic to be Hypersaline

to microbiological analyses during the activi the during to microbiological analyses everything is everywhere is everything ” does ” does ------Edgcomb, V., Orsi, W., Leslin, C., Epstein, S.S., S.S., Epstein, V.,Edgcomb, C., Orsi, W., Leslin, Borin, S., Brusetti, L., Mapelli, F., D’Auria, G., Mapelli, L., Brusetti, S., Borin, developing the noveldeveloping the deep-sea exploration area in by on significantly now can bebuilt ment, which research develop and extremophiles aleadhas in already Europe scientists. European by time, first for and the achieved was mainly, therein life the and environments extreme lakes’ brine Mediterranean Moreover, community. scientific the discovery of the European environments by for the extreme study much more accessible “cost-effective” and easy Greece). From of point view, are lakes these this waters (Italy/ European environments in found examples of extreme such only the are lakes anoxic institutes. at several European experienced researchers highly partners, MIDDLE all active between collaboration and tight out in carried was of each which packages, working four lakes. brine Kryos and samplesfrom collected Atalante with validated firstly was tome partner developed Spanish by the Projectby the Coordinator.microarray The reac organised cruises were three the present during teams, UK and Spanish German, the particular in Borin S., Crotti E., Mapelli F., Tamagnini I., F., I., Tamagnini Mapelli E., Crotti S., Borin Breiner, H.-W., A., Stock, E., Behnke, Alexander, Publications Selected Project. proposed MIDDLE in originally T. Protistan community patterns within the the within patterns T. community Protistan Yakimov, Stoeck, Jeon, J., S., Bunge, M.M., States of America States of the United of Sciences Academy the National of (2009) Proceedings basin deep hypersaline Urania sulfidic highly ofcolonization the microbial drive primarily methanogenesis and cycling D. Sulfur Daffonchio, and C. Corselli, L., Giuliano, E., N.P., Malinverno, McGenity, T.J., H., P., Polymenakou, Bolhuis, Van G.J., Wielen, der Lange, De D., Marty, M., Yakimov, A., Rizzi, T., M., Marzorati, Brusa, Saline Systems Saline Sea. Mediterranean Eastern of lakes the hypersaline deep anoxic the of brines with contact after potential transforming preservedis maintains and D. DNA Daffonchio (2008) C., Corselli 381. Microbiology Environmental L’Atalanteanoxic (2009) deep-sea basin hypersaline the in eukaryotes Microbial Yakimov, Stoeck, T. J., Bunge, M.M., A., The Mediterranean Sea deep-sea hypersaline deep-seaSea hypersaline The Mediterranean andincluded work plan strategy MIDDLE The , 106 (23), pp. 9151-9156. , 11 (2), pp. 360- 4:10-17. - - Yakimov, M.M. et al. (2011).Yakimov, etal. M.M. Contribution of Cono,Yakimov, V., La R., Denaro, M.M., Yakimov, LaCono,V. R. Denaro M.M., and (2011). Cono etal., La in life microbial Unveiling of (2010) fifth Cono etal. La signatures Genomic LaCono, V., Genovese, L., Tamburini, C., (2010)Grossi etal. affects pressure Hydrostatic LaCono, R., Denaro, M., DeLuca, G., Gentile, ISME J 5(6):945-961. J ISME deep waters Sea) (Central Mediterranean Tyrrhenian production in primary dark to the oxidizers ammonia autotrophic crenarchaeal 743-755. pp. Journal ISME (2007) Sea Mediterranean L’Atalante,of lake deep anoxic Eastern seawater and interface above halocline the of brine, communities prokaryotic producing Primary L. P.N., Giuliano, Golyshin, K.N., F., Timmis, Decembrini, D’Auria, G., 748-756. 56: II part Res See Deep Sea. Crenarchaeota of Tyrrhenianbathypelagic genes of autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing and accA and amoA expression of functional and into occurrence insight (2009). Afirst 13(8):2250-2268. Microbiology Environmental settings. environmental and Prokaryotes I: Part Thetis. Lake new deep-sea hypersaline 3(5): 595-606. Microb Bioetechnol Crenarchaea. bathypelagic pathway in assimilation carbon autotrophic 768-773. 56: sample decompression. II part Res See Deep of influence and rRNA-derivedand libraries Tyrrhenian comparative Sea: of rDNA study of diversity archaeal bathypelagic of the (2009). Cultivation-independent assessment Yakimov and M.M. R. Denaro, G., LaSpada, Microbiol 12(7): 2020-2033. #5 strain aquaeolei Marinobacter hydrocarbon-degrading of the piezotolerant storage compositions and lipid membrane 763-767. 56: II part Res See Deep Sea. Thyrrenian in populations microbial PCR-based of detection bioluminescent (2009). Yakimov and M. M.M. DeDomenico, E., DeDomenico, S., V., F., Scarfi, Smedile, Extremophiles (2009) Sea Mediterranean eastern the in basins anoxic of deep hypersaline halocline and brine , 13 (1), pp. 151-167. . Environm . Environm , 1(8), 23 Ecosystem Functioning and Biodiversity in the Deep Sea (EuroDEEP) 24 Ecosystem Functioning and Biodiversity in the Deep Sea (EuroDEEP) • Invited • Leaflets, Programme. EUROCORES of the results awareness diffusing oning and - of aim rais the with the activities all are These activities Dissemination • Training • Summer • Working interaction. and collaboration implement and plan future discuss, from order relevant other leagues in programmes to col and Programmes from EUROCORES scientists together are bringing These collaborative activities activities Networking programme. programme. thegiven of a needs to tailored be and can flexible are activities These programmes. and domains or,given appropriate, domain if across different a Projects (CRPs)Collaborative Research within across the diffusion and collaboration tate scientific andfacili is encourage to aim EuroDEEP. Their like Programme of a EUROCORES characteristics key are activities Dissemination and Networking l l l Activities Dissemination and Networking 4. • Short visits. (graduate-level continuing-education) and organisations); non-governmental private the sector,academia, governmental and or conferences; symposia, booth or stand at aconference. or stand booth Typical are: examples sessions

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• Dissemination tiatives in deep-sea biodiversity research. tiatives in ongoing other with (inter)national levelini efforts Programme to discuss projects, and and countries different the between links collaboration and ing to network foster the goal its main as has meeting field deep-seaof science biodiversity interact. The to researchers the young and in scientists for leading provide a platform will researchers. The meeting by presentations renowned of invited internationally complemented members, Programme EuroDEEP collaborative research and projects. individual approaches and methods of the respectivethe aims, to present meet and Programme EuroDEEP the in (associated)Investigators, and Members involved Project Leaders, all of gathering afirst allowed has kick-off EuroDEEP Programme first event This • Programme. EuroDEEP of the activities dissemination and networking provides section overview main of the an This opportunity through oral presentations oral from through opportunity participation at conferences (organised outside outside (organised conferences at participation the EUROCORES Scheme in general and dis general and Scheme in EUROCORES the promoting while programme), EUROCORES the event). of the or co-organiser conference the amain in as involved not is programme directly EUROCORES in particular. achievements the Programme of the seminating Taormina, 2007 Sicily, November 26-29 First annual EuroDEEP Conference The meeting has offered a unique discussion unique offered has a The meeting travel grants, to support active - - -

Assembly, on Tuesday 15 2008. April opportunities” &COST ESF Sciences: Environmental and Geosciences Cooperation in “European entitled meeting aTownhall have COST organised and seafloor.at on relevant the scales monitoring and experimentation observation, ration, developmentsadvanced technological for explo the biosphere. global the on ence influ potential their and disturbance environmental ciate response the to ecosystems of chemosynthetic formations fluxes. and etc). skeletons, wood falls, whales’ like inputs habitats (e.g.:thetic massive seeps, organic methane environments chemosyn other hydrothermal and biotic the abiotic and components of deep-sea linking of about issues nature interactions the challenging 2008.April gies strate and tools methods, ecosystems: deep-sea chemosynthetic in interactions Biogeochemical BG6.4 Session: the co-funded has EuroDEEP • biogeochemical and geobiological systems and and systems geobiological and biogeochemical of studies inter-disciplinary including questions, key-invertebrate- species trans on biogeochemical the roleprocesses, of mineralisation and fixation carbon in of metabolisms microbial importance 13-18 Austria Vienna, 2008, April EGU General Assembly 2008 The EUROCORES Programme EuroDEEP EuroDEEP Programme EUROCORES The these to insights sessionon new focussed This required questionsare to to appre these Answers relative and diversity are: the these Among Sessiondecade raised has description: The past , convened on Friday Bris, 18 Le by Nadine Dr (TM3) Union 2008 General General (TM3) 2008 Union - - - - - standing of the new mechanisms of the functioning functioning of the new of mechanisms the standing improved under our field of significantly research this in Recent breakthrough activities. past through level been brought to anew technological already meta-, post-through comparative and genomics had habitats extreme from marine sity, especially and diver for applications biotechnological from marine new activities the workshop:Scope of the Mining • questions. and sion givenwere- before also discus floor open the was for andCOST ESF within existing community entific sci European for the opportunities and instruments Two frameworks. COST presentations short on the and ESF the recently developedactivities within havegiven examplestalks of scientific stimulating Five Sciences. Geosciences Environmental and short, cooperation Europe in in interdisciplinary and tional of interna importance the (TM3) to highlight was • the back to back with organised was community theEuroDEEP of meeting annual This • (iii) (ii) (i) objectives: major ments. environ marine various the in microbes to thrive allow that genomicof specificities basis niche the not least, and, patterns, climate on global activities possible and of impact their element cycling global contribution to their consortia, microbial of marine (v) (iv) Giardini Naxos, Sicily, 19-22 Naxos, May2008 Giardini Workshop on Microbial Metagenomics 11-15 Spain Valencia, 2008, November World Conference on Marine Biology Spain Valencia, 10 2008, November Second annual EuroDEEP Conference

The purpose of this EGU this Meeting of The purpose Townhall The Workshop was designed to highlight several The Workshophighlight designed to was

advanced technology for construction of construction for technology advanced duction. duction. cosmetics and pro discovery drug biocatalysis, market solid positions in companies with the presentation field by of applied this research in technology, screening activity high-end resources, bioinformatics cutting-edge the libraries, metagenomic environments, sample unique and hardly accessible marine accessible marine hardly and sample unique to expertise and state-of-the-artthe facilities modern sequencing, sequence annotation and sequence and sequencing, modern annotation ------25 Ecosystem Functioning and Biodiversity in the Deep Sea (EuroDEEP) 26 Ecosystem Functioning and Biodiversity in the Deep Sea (EuroDEEP) M., Stenseth, N. Stenseth, M., biosphere. biosphere. global the deep ofsea interactions with the the and consequences for functioning, ecosystem deep-sea deep-sea habitats, their between and versity within of predict variations and biodi- explain describe, Th live. communities e isgoal to nalProgramme fi processes these shape environment that which the in geochemical physical and the understand to better and it, inhabit that species communities and logical bio- the describe environment,deep-sea to further temporal dynamics. and diff features chemical/biogeochemical their in er fragmented reducing habitats, however, markedly Th relatedclosely to vent seep taxa. endemic and ese woods) species sunken harbour that carcasses, (whale inputs massive the are organic as distributed, seeps) methane ephemeral discretely and mostly are deep-seafl to the pounds oor (hydrothermal vents, sources of reduced such Geologically-driven com- invertebrates. formswith orassociation symbiotic free-living under sources, fromneeds inorganic nitrogen and carbon their to satisfy ability their in sulfimicroaerobesunique are which de-oxidizing rely and on methane- communities to these plies biosphere. global the Th with links sup- e energy its and deep-ocean the of vision biodiversity in our have changed margins continental and ridges ocean Th typesmid- of on ecosystem discovery ofnew e Co-conveners Convener: Sea. Deep the in Science Biodiversity and Functioning Ecosystem open session:conference a EuroDEEP through Thwasthis present EuroDEEP Programme at e Programme is to further explore and identify the the explore identify and to is further Programme ThEuroDEEP multi-disciplinary theaim of e Jonckheere, I. Jonckheere, : Gaill, F., Ramirez, E., Yakimov, E., F., Ramirez, : Gaill, lakes or massive organic falls are characterised by characterised are or falls massivelakes organic vents, hydrocarbon brine seeps, hydrothermal as such deep-sea, the environments in Extreme Organisers: (http://www.aslo.org/meetings/nice environments marine extreme in transfer energy of mechanisms and pathways Chemoautotrophic session 32:From tothrough organisms: molecules represented was community EuroDEEP The France Nice, 2009, January 25-30 • ASLO Conference 2009 resources. conservation ofand marine development and use, ofsustainable management research a these prerequisite themes as ing for the of these processes, were all considered. processes, wereof these all impacts large-scale potential the as processes, well as biogeochemical with interactions their oses and preferences of symbi- of adaptability prokaryotes, to fi carbon andgeneration, energy xation metabolic of pathways diversity related substrates, of chemical Availability deep ocean. the in interfaces chemical at redox activity biological high sustaining nisms a more comprehensive diverse of mecha- the view to provide biology symbiosis and geochemistry try, together microbiology,session to is bring biochemis- Th biogeochemistry. role ocean in their this aim of e and settings, of oceanic range awide in organisms from to molecules transfer of energy mechanisms about the but to beknown much remains texts, con- biomass some production particular in high haveoses been identifi as processesed key sustaining symbi- and Chemolithoautotrophy communities. someever of most harbour productive the marine Thto interfaces. live at these environments ese how- of organisms ability the constrain metals, dissolved concentration CO2) of (e.g., toxic gases and H2S, flreducing and seawater. uids Lowerhigh and pH, between interface at the gradients steep chemical cal_sessions.html) Oceanographic Institution, [email protected] Institution, Oceanographic Woods Sievert, Stefan Hole [email protected]; michail. Environment IAMC-CNR, Marine Yakimov, ifremer.fr; Michail for Coastal Insitute Th is invited sessionopen contributions address- Nadine Le Bris, IFREMER, nlebris@ IFREMER, Bris, Le Nadine 2 /topi- • conference final EuroDEEP the of Participants • More information at: ecology. microbial aquatic in Modelling and Ecology Viral communication, and interactions Microbial aquaticmicrobes, and change Climate ecology, microbial in units taxonomic Operational microbiology, Sediment ter transformation, mat Organic cycles, biogeochemical microbial consisted of ten sessions on Microbes focused in microbial field ecology.of aquatic The programme the in research and directions trends future lighting high also field, recent progressthis in discussing presentations ofa number were interesting made symposium this During related in areas. those all and biochemists, biologists, molecular ecologists, among information share to opportunities offering environments. aquatic in pathways microbial of novel importance the discussing in meetings Ecology) Microbial Aquatic on (Symposium SAME of previous totradition continue the it important is and understood fully from being far microbes still is 30 to September 2009. 4, from August The role of Slovenia, Piran, in Ecology Aquatic Microbial 11 the organized Station Piran Biology of Biology,Institute Marine The National • aspects of research in aquatic microbial ecology, microbial aquatic of research in aspects 6 June 2010,6 June Iceland Reykjavik, Final EuroDEEP Conference Venice, Italy 2009, 23 September Third annual EuroDEEP Conference August 30 (SAME 11) Symposium of Aquatic Microbial Ecology The symposium activities differentembraced activities symposium The - 4 September 2009, Portorož, Slovenia Portorož, 2009, 4 September

http://www.mbss.org/same th Symposium on on Symposium 11 / - - • 12

and methodologies. and themes: reproductive main biology on two focusing of connectivity, deep-sea ecosystems’ study on the problems scientific limitations and research identify workshop were and knowledge current to review the this aims of The areas expertise. of from different workshopThis brought seventeentogether scientists • http:// More information about the symposia at: Projects received meeting. to attend this agrant Research Collaborative EuroDEEP 4different the Postdocs and from students PhD EuroDEEP 12 the Gibraltar Strait was planned for publication. planned was Strait Gibraltar the across studies connectivity population concerning approaches. areview of literature Additionally, nary multidiscipli using deep-sea ecosystems between collaborative on proposals connectivity for future area of study Gibraltar, Strait acase the to as serve groups 3) and identification of a the specific site, other and institutions, their workshop participants, of establishment the collaborations the between wereknowledge, 1) in gapsof identification the 2) complex issue. of this approaches reach understanding nary and abetter reproductionand order in to apply interdiscipli biology larval on knowledge fundamental more emphasized need the for discussions following connectivity. However,deep-sea population the to study developing methodologies and available of assortment the illustrated participants by the The presentations study each of and any beginning the at defined beclearly must cept of connectivity conworkshop working the that to was recognize of aspect the important an and documented, was Iceland 7-11 Reykjavik, 2010, of Iceland, June University Portugal 8-10 2010, of Aveiro, September University sea ecosystems’ interconnectivity deep of study the in Challenges on Workshop The multiplicity of concepts of connectivity The multiplicity The three major three outcomesThe workshop of the th Deep Sea Symposia 12 dsbs.hi.is/ - - - 27 Ecosystem Functioning and Biodiversity in the Deep Sea (EuroDEEP) 28 Ecosystem Functioning and Biodiversity in the Deep Sea (EuroDEEP) montagnes “Des entitled Documentary • ARTE appearance TV 2010: eet ook• NIOZ Diepzeevis news February http://www.nationalgeographic.it/ Mediterranei- Abissi • National Geographic Italia: BIOFUN l l l Activities Outreach 5. on Mediterranean documentary • Thalassa on exhibition itinerary asmall • Participation in • http://deepseanews.com/2010/03/spinach- • http://news.bbc.co.uk/earth/hi/earth_news/ • http://www.nioz.nl/nioz_nl/2706c717bf987c01 mediterranei-83021/ dalgiornale/2010/08/06/news/abissi_ work: of CNR part Apresentationprofondità mari. of nostri dei delle segreti dei scoperta alla naveuna italiana 2009. 9 March broadcasted on ARTE June 2008, in Bank Galicia to the cruise Belgica the featuring Francois Meier) mer” la (director:sous Alix vegetarisch Barcelona 2010).Barcelona (ICM-CSIC, featured is June 2009 in cruise BIOFUN the crab discoveredgalatheid during biodiversity where new species the marine of un-reservori-depeixos www.tv3.cat/videos/2618659/El-golf-de-Lleo- on 29/01/2010. TV3 Shown in 2009. http:// Nov. in Cid cruise del prior BIOFUN to the of footage García and scientists BIOFUN CSIC from ICM- participation the with deep-sea, the in accumulation litter and fisheries canyons, popeye-and-fishy-pigeons/ newsid_8547000/8547332.stm 143e18dbb715a59b.php

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• “Impaciências” (Theme: Deep-sea) 15 May 2010 • Academia no Verão dos -Uma ao fundo viagem world. unknown an discovering • The deep ocean: • Aveiro. 17 June 2010 “Mar –Newspaper article • Sylvie Science la n Gaudron: “Pour CHEMECO aMediterranean during collected • Litter by -including NIOZ • Deep-sea studies Deep- PROFUNDO- • “ MAR DO OÁSIS school teachers). and students high- at aimed Génio, L. and Ravara A. Hilário, A Cunha, MR organised by activities, practical and 16 2010.oceanos. July 23 Aveiro. and (seminar aimed at high-school at aimed teachers). and students May Hilário (seminar 2010,28 A. by Portalegre. Aveiro. Portugal. public, General nº 169, Fábrica Centro de Ciência Diário Viva, profundo” (Deep-sea), contínua, “Laboração fonds marins”. des autre une source vie de bois coulés, 2010: “les HERMIONE (2010). HERMIONE EU Project the created with collaboration in being for adeep-sea exhibition Aquarium sent Plymouth was to the cruise BIOFUN Genoa (Italy,in 2010). adeep-sea exhibition in used was footage lander Oct-May(MUSEON, Hague, the and 2009) for Education Museum the in exhibition to an wereBIOFUN- promoted by acontribution Sea Oasis” 2010- lecture at the workshop at the 2010- lecture Oasis” Sea –UAveiro. Portugal public, General Portugal. Science Center), Ciênciade Viva (“Living Aveiro, Fábrica, in Centro outreach apublic activity in invited speaker as Cunha of MR - Participation o 392, June June 392,

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29 Ecosystem Functioning and Biodiversity in the Deep Sea (EuroDEEP) 30 Ecosystem Functioning and Biodiversity in the Deep Sea (EuroDEEP) through the development the of through research on submarine expand also will CRPs of different partners between Cross-cooperation for nated Bris CNRS). by Le N. DiWOOD asecond in 4-year coordi programme joint research group (GDRE of aCNRS activities networking the through continuing is CRP among members The collaboration CHEMECO of CHEMECO • • Collaboration • Collaboration • Joint • Joint haveof new initiatives emerged from here: anumber and partners, the between collaborations have EuroDEEP strengthened and greatly BIOFUN BIOFUN l l l Activities Related ESF 6. yons in the Northeast Atlantic. Northeast the yons in of deep-sea can survey to abiodiscovery analysis structure community and sampling biological collaborative research project, micro contributing production. and photiczone deep-sea fish between link short paleoceanography. and pteropod regarding diversity (UK) Uni. Plymouth evaluation. projects. proposalother national PhD and under samples from BIOFUN macrofauna from existing Aveiro Uni. and to work on deep Mediterranean PhDMARES. funded. project frameworkthe ofnew DOS Spanish the CoralFISH in relation newly discovered to in the CoralFISH UGENT on deep Mediterranean meiofauna in meiofauna in on deep Mediterranean UGENT Participation

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(Environmental and Evolutionary Functional EEFG Programme ESF-EUROCORES and call FP7-KBBE within Commission by European the were of which two funded proposals, scientific Project several submitted has MIDDLE current the during established the The partners of nucleus MIDDLE selected deep sea species. for adjacent and Atlantic Mediterranean between to connectivity dedicated aWP has Scheme, EU byFP6 ERA-NET the funded programme aprojectMarinERA objectives. the ReDEco, under of extension DEECONprojects an include that waters. shallower from roles relation to conspecific in organisms their genes involved are and adaptation to depth the in what unknown Itmore still is deep sea organisms. lead to of inclusion Eurocores will the programme during established collaborations the that expected kind andis it firstthe ofits is database 454 This run. scriptomes (6tissues) different sequencedin a single a deep sea fish, transcriptome provided and of first the organisms gene expression with of dealt DEECON deep sea Some of the researchers are also involvedSome researchers of the new also are in Aphanopus carbo , comprising 6 tran - planned because the proposed national contributions contributions national proposed the because planned projects not out originally could be as ing carried that approv was weakness Aparticular policies. funding wereries of because national to participate unable on Europe joint projects.in scientists oration some between marine best of the collab the as well as Programme, to value added the theEuropean is real This on time. ship demands cost and given high alone, the country European here not is now undertaken possible for single any impressive. is research scale onnals Deep-Sea the happen. could provided this which aframework in that is it theProgramme of sible.great The strength - bepos scope not of would research otherwise that broad a enabled collaboration, interdisciplinary state-of-the and methodologies technology, and art cooperation well-integrated and research projects. degreeof international ahigh showing great success, proved has Programme EuroDEEP the a general, In achievements scientific on based programme Overall evaluationEuroDEEP of the Programme. EuroDEEP of the assessment apartial only make could Members Panel Review the difficulties, programming ship table inevi to due Projects, Research Collaborative 4 of the completion the in delay standable under of the and Reports Final some of the of nature incomplete of the Because Reader: l l l Conclusions 7. the sharing of infrastructures (e.g. joint cruises), of infrastructures sharing the that Projects (CRPs)Research highlight clearly The list of publications to date in top-class jour in top-class datelist of to publications The One weakness was that many excellent laborato excellent many that was One weakness different fromCollaborativethe The reports ------assess the full significance of theProgramme. of significance full the assess collaboration. benefits European such of shown the has EuroDEEP this. as such Programmes from benefit EUROCORES really science can that were area of research an not is Deep-Sea available. Projects should be able to demonstrate the sharing Projects beable should to demonstrate sharing the have case. been the otherwise aless positive would in assessment than resulting were understated, CRPs achievements of individual the believed that Panel Review the some instances Collaborative Project. Research each under of period research the activities ments in achieve the to highlight and been acknowledged, had funding ESF that forchecking both beneficial would be This office. Project ESF Research to the Collaborative from the publicationderiving of every sendwould acopy (preferably format) electronic in Collaborative Project. Research successful and ambitious extremely science an in ing integrat benefits of the showing of practice best in example an considered as Panel being Review by the themonewith of the varied, of reports The quality project reports final the on Overall comments results have been published, will it bepossible to have will results been published, assess some Projects. In assess Collaborative Research Panel to accurately Review the for difficult very made answered byit some This Project Leaders. or incompletely addressed form were not directly Project if Leaders Programmes EUROCORES Only after two years, when all the scientific scientific the when all years, two after Only All EUROCORES Collaborative Research Collaborative EUROCORES All Report Final questions of onMany the the the It be agood practice would within - - 31 Ecosystem Functioning and Biodiversity in the Deep Sea (EuroDEEP) 32 Ecosystem Functioning and Biodiversity in the Deep Sea (EuroDEEP) a broader recommended. research strongly area is in ment community of research EuroDEEP of the Programme. the of completion of years three achievements overall oftion within the comprehensive publica and of action dissemination to support a begivenshould to some freeze funds considerationthetheend Programme, of years after two available only projects normally Deep-Sea are achievements Programme. overall of the and purpose the present for disseminating a plan should level appointed the Committee and Scientific Project bedoneshould at Research Collaborative reference lar possible This largest audience. to the particu with stage, Proposal Final and Outline be Project required should Research at the results Programme. of the beginning the Projects toResearch interact. Collaborative the for ground common sufficient to enable Proposals, for Outline Calls ofphase the Projects. Research assessments Collaborative of overall the the aid would This Projects. Collaborative Research their in any, if encountered achievements difficulties, and Reports. Projects’ Final Collaborative Research the of in PDFas thesepart format of files vide pro and Projects, Research Collaborative their from publications resulting five most significant the Project be required should to identify Leaders Recommendations not was EuroDEEP. done in this some instances In Project Research Collaborative partners. different by obtained integration of the results of and data aims and objectives of the Programme, in the objectives in and of Programme, the aims order on the them in Project to focus Leaders, with for discussions meetings attend scientific Review Panel Members beinvited Panel to should Review A plan for the integration and future develop future forintegration and the A plan complete such the researchSince of the in results of Collaborative for dissemination the A plan from bedata mandatory should of Thesharing consideration begiven should to the Careful - - - - ISBN: 978-2-918428-69-5 European Science Foundation 1 quai Lezay-Marnésia • BP 90015 67080 Strasbourg cedex • France Tel: +33 (0)3 88 76 71 00 Fax: +33 (0)3 88 37 05 32 www.esf.org

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