Mining History: The Bulletin of the Mines Historical Society. Volume 17, No. 5, Summer 2010 A HISTORY AND GAZETTEER OF THE LEAD MINES WITHIN BRADWELL LIBERTY, : 1216-1890

Chris Heathcote

Abstract: This paper, like the ones previously published concerning Liberty (Heathcote, 2001) and Castleton Liberty (Heathcote, 2007), details the mines and veins located within Bradwell Liberty in the northern area of the Derbyshire orefield. A series of Barmasters’ Books held at Chatsworth House covering the years 1752-1890 (Chats, Bar Coll) have been consulted together with archival material from a variety of other sources. The location of the mines and veins will be given along with any significant historical details.

Introduction Three separate sub-sections within each main section will be Bradwell Liberty is bounded by the liberties of Castleton in the used to describe the three major veins that cross the liberty from west, Hope in the north, Brough in the northeast, Hazlebadge east to west (Long, Moss and Shuttle Rakes). Also throughout in the southeast, Tideswell in the south and Peak Forest in the the paper the known locations of any of the noted mines will be southwest. Stokes (1880) noted that it was the 14th largest liberty given. Unfortunately the exact location of the majority of named in the High Peak region of the King’s Field with a land area of mines remains unknown. 2270 acres. The liberty boundary corresponds with the parish boundary shown on modern maps of the area. Throughout this paper contemporary mining terms will be used, full definitions of which can be found in the Glossary of The liberty is one of diverse scenery, in the west the land is high Derbyshire Lead Mining Terms by J. H. Rieuwerts (1998a). relatively un-cultivated moorland while in the east around the All grid references given can be found on the Ordnance Survey village of Bradwell typical limestone dales are more evident. One 1:25000 Outdoor Leisure maps covering the Dark Peak (OL 1) of these dales is the visually striking Bradwell Dale with sheer and White Peak (OL 24) areas of Derbyshire. limestone cliffs towering above the B6049 road which follows the dale bottom to enter the village from the south. This dale as Geology: A brief overview been greatly altered because of extensive limestone extraction The limestone beds forming the high area of land of Bradwell and some lead mining activity. This will be noted, along with Moorwww.pdmhs.com dip gently towards the east and north east passing beneath others, in the paper. the Edale Shales in the wide Hope Valley and Bradwell Edge. The uppermost rocks belong to the Monsal Dale Beds with the Bee The former show cave, Bagshaw Cavern (SK 172 808), on the Low Bed lying beneath this formation. The two are separated by steep western flank of the village was discovered by lead miners the horizon of the Upper Millers Dale Lava. Reef limestones are in 1807 whilst working in the Mulespinner Mine (Evans, 1912). present around the perimeter of the Monsal Dale Beds. These reef More will be said concerning this cave, and others within the limestones are to be found within Bradwell Dale and the whole of liberty in due course. The water which emerges at from Bagshaw Hazlebadge Hill (Rieuwerts, 1998b). For a more comprehensive Resurgence, commonly known as the Yield, Heald or Yeld but account of the geology of Bradwell Liberty, see Stevenson and originally called Wallhead Lumb, is stated by Beck and Gill Gaunt (1971). (1991) to have a greater volume than the combined flow from both Russet Well and Peak Cavern at Castleton (SK 149 825). Two of the major veins, Moss Rake and Shuttle Rake, both terminate abruptly on contact with lava formations. Moss Rake Crossing the liberty in a generally east to west direction are a terminates on its western range, on contact with the Peak Forest series of mineral rakes with interconnecting smaller veins and dolerite sill near Stonebrack cottage. Likewise, Shuttle Rake scrins. Unfortunately many of the surface features on these terminates, on its western range, when it contacts the Upper veins, certainly the larger ones, have been completely obliterated Millers Dale lava near to Holmes farm. by later opencast mining and limestone quarrying activities. In fact, the mining remains in this liberty could possibly be the most Early history of the Mines: Pre-1752 devastated within the whole of the Derbyshire orefield. The whole Records for lead mining within Bradwell Liberty are scanty before of the area to the northwest of Bradwell (centred SK 155 815), the 1750s. This section relies mainly on the extensive research which contained numerous vein workings and surface features, undertaken by Jim Rieuwerts to compile an unpublished report has been removed by the massive Hope Cement Works limestone for the Peak Park Joint Planning Board (Rieuwerts, 1998b) and quarry. Likewise,Downloaded large tracts on the course of Moss Rake, Hell, his more recently published Lead Mining in Derbyshire Volume Hill or Hills Rake (named Earl on modern maps) and Shuttle Rake 1 (2007). I am greatly indebted to him for allowing the use of have been removed, by opencast mining or quarrying operations, his material in this section and throughout this paper. leaving virtually no trace of the former lead mining operations. On the other hand, and on a more positive note, small areas of lead The mines on Cop Rake (centred SK 135 799) at the western mining remains survive virtually untouched by modern industry. boundary of the liberty were in work during the period 1216 to These will be noted within this paper where appropriate. 1249. At this time the mines were known as the Wardlow Copp mines and during the noted period approximately 9300 loads Wherever possible, and for clarity, the veins/mines will be (2325 tons) of ore were raised. described in a north to south and east to west format. Again for clarity, the liberty will be divided and described in three separate The unlocated Rotherlowe mines at Bradwell were in work sections (NW, W and SW), these will include the locations and from 1242 until 1247 with about 580 loads (145 tons) of ore relevant information regarding the smaller veins in each area. being recorded.

55 Fig. 1: Bradwell Liberty showing geology and location of principalwww.pdmhs.com lead veins. Nothing is known concerning the mines within the liberty from John Hurler complainant against Robert Hallom for Carrying the above date until 1605 when Copp Rake was once again away Twenty Loads of lead Ore from the Long Rake. recorded as being in production. A short time later, in 1617, a dispute on Moss Rake was referred to arbitration and the names A Barmote Court case held in early 1673 states that Francis of the miners involved suggest that the mine was located at the Bennett, Richard Torre and Robert Durham Complainants extreme western end of the vein alongside the Peakfrom Forest - against Richard and Thomas Wragg Defendants. The Defendants Bradwell boundary (possibly SK 127 794). have entered into the Plaintiffs first Taker Meer at the Lords Meer lying in ye west end near ye Shackpitt called ye new vein Over 50 years later, in 1669-1670, a complaint about trespass and carry away One Hundred Loads of lead Ore to the value of was heard at the Barmote Court in Peak Forest. The two court £100. The Jury found for the Plaintiffs. This could be a reference hearings, one for Bradwell Liberty and the other for Peak Forest to Long Rake in the vicinity of the large natural pothole now Liberty, and concerning a mine commonly called Beverleys known as Batham Pot (SK 152 808). Grove near Ashenholme Pitt suggest that the mine could also have been located close to the Peak Forest - Bradwell boundary. On Cop Rake, in 1674, 40 loads (10 tons) of ore were removed It is possible that this is the same mine as that recorded above illegally. Unfortunately no specific mine was noted on this in 1617. occasion. In September 1662, the diarist Edward Browne visited Bradwell Botham Grove at Outland Head on Moss Rake was at work and left a fairly detailed description of the workings of the lead in 1673. A few years later, in 1685, John Turner was accused mines at that time ….wee tooke some notice of the lead mines of of selling ore before payment of Lot and Cope at his mine on which there are a vast number all about these hills that which Hartle Rake. Hartle Rake was the name given to a portion of wee went to was about twenty fathom deep some are more some Moss Rake (centred SK 168 809). less the diameterDownloaded of the hole through which they descend was not above a yard when they find oare they may follow it 11 Prior to 1694 a fan was installed at Moorfurlong Mine by Henry or 12 yards and no more from the bottom of the hole they have Jowle of Peak Forest, because the miners were wanting winde first sunk, least they should fall into one anothers workes wee to carry on their works - he - sett them a ffan to gain winde. tooke some pieces of lead as it came out of the lead mines some This is the earliest documented reference to a fan being used for clear like christall but very rare we happened of one very bright. ventilation within the orefield. (Browne, 1662). In May 1730 a viewing by members of the Grand Jury was During 1671-1672 New Rake was recorded during several called by Robert Hallom and the rest of his partners called four Barmote Court disputes, one involving the illegal removal of of the twenty four men to view a parcell of ground att Edentree 100 loads (25 tons) of ore. New Rake (centred SK 144 803) is within the Liberty of Bradwell…. Eden Tree is at SK 173 818 to a northerly branch vein of Moss Rake on Bradwell Moor. Also the immediate east of Michlow. dating from this time another Barmote Court case notes that

56 During the period 1727-1734 there were between 20 and 30 line of hillocks running from the south-eastern side of Pindale, mines at work within the liberty but these mines only measured in a northerly direction, down the hillside and crossing the about 2000 loads (500 tons) of ore in the seven-eight years Bradwell/Hope Liberty boundary. It is highly likely that this is recorded. the location of the vein (SK 162 824). A dispute on New Rake in 1734-1735 involved John Dudding In 1765 another vein is recorded as being in the area near and Benjamin and John Hallam, probably at a mine known Pindale ...John Eyre gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer as Duddings Mine. Slightly later, in 1738, another dispute in Horestones Old Vein in the Coates Croft near Pindale Head was recorded at New Rake Bottom (SK 1479 8031). Slightly (23/11/1765: Chats Bar Coll. 211). The exact location of Cotes later still, in 1740, John and Thomas Dudwin (Dudding?) of Croft near Pindale Head remains unknown. A vein with the Smalldale near Bradwell were working a mine on New Rake. same name is recorded as being located at Nether Dirtlow within Castleton Liberty, to the west of Pindale Head (Heathcote, 2007). Shatel (Shuttle) Rake Head was recorded in a Barmote Court It is possible that the vein in Bradwell Liberty is simply the dispute in 1738. Shuttle Rake Head (centred SK 151 795) is eastern extension of this vein, although this remains uncertain. the portion of this major vein to the south of Berristall Lodge Farm. In 1767 the following is noted ...Adam Holme gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in an Old Vein in Pindale Wood In 1745 the Grand Jury was called to attend and view Hallams called Fortunate (24/12/1767: Chats Bar Coll.) and three Founder and Marchingtons Venture to decide whether it was all years later Joseph Hall gave one dish of ore to free a 1st Taker one vein. Marchingtons Venture later became known as Brunt Meer West from Thomas Rose’s Old Founder in Pindale Wood Mine (SK 1439 8035) on the westerly range of New Rake on (28/08/1770: Chats Bar Coll. 212). These two entries could be Bradwell Moor. referring to the same vein. The location of this vein remains unknown, but it could have been located near to Reynold’s Rake In 1749 William Cheetham had to forfeit a Break Vein for noted earlier. incorrectly freeing it at his mine located on Hartle Dale Old Rake (Moss Rake). The location of his mine is unclear but it In 1787 another vein is recorded in the Pindale area when John could have been Cheetham’s Engine which later became known Slate and Joseph Royse gave one dish of ore to free a Founder as Windy Mine (SK 164 807). The Grand Jury were called to Meer in an Old Vein called Ash Tree Vein on the South Side view the mine and to decide whether Cheetham could be forced of Pindale (07/07/1787: Chats Bar Coll. 213). Ten years later by the mineral laws to cut all such Deaf Cavell Riders to prove Joseph Royse and Joseph Hall gave one dish of ore to free a whether there be any Lumps of Lyme in them or not. Founder Meer in an Old Vein on the Bottom of John Hall’s Part Pindale Side called the Bank Yate (07/07/1797: Chats Bar Coll. The Mines: 1752 onwards 214). A complete series of Barmasters’ Books of Entries survive in the Barmasters’ Collection at Chatsworth House, Derbyshire. The following mine is possibly located near to the above ...Joseph These books cover the years from 1752 until 1960 and form Hall gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer for Old at Have the basis for this paper. Unfortunately, for modern day mine at All in a Pipe ranging over the Raven Tor Southeastwardly in historians and researchers, the Barmasters were often vague in John Hall’s Bank on Pindale Side (23/12/1802: Chats Bar Coll. the details they gave when recording an entry for a particular 215). mine. Therefore sometimes it is impossible to give an exact grid www.pdmhs.com reference for a specific mine. The next freeing again concerns a mine located to the east of Pindale. It is highly likely that this mine was located on one An example is the following when Robert Daykin gave one dish of the veins recorded above ...John Frost at Pindale gave one of ore to free a Founder Meer in an Old Vein in Robert Hall’s dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in an Old Vein at Pindale in Nunley (30/03/1753: Chats. Bar Coll. 210). The reef limestone Thomas Barber’s land east of Pindale Limekilns and called it hill of Nunley or Nunlow (subsequently removed by fromquarrying Sportsman’s (02/08/1851: Chats Bar Coll. 218).The limekilns operations) was situated at SK 165 819 to the north of Bradwell. noted were associated with the (disused) limestone quarry in It is known that a complex of closely spaced parallel veins on Pindale. One dilapidated limekiln still exists on the eastern side the extreme eastern range of Long Rake were situated at this of the dale immediately opposite to the small mining settlement locality. From the sparse details given it is impossible to locate once known as Black Rabbit (SK 160 824). At SK 1612 8233, Robert Daykin’s mine. Alternatively, on many occasions, the directly to the east of the Pindale Limekilns, and alongside Barmasters were very specific in the details that they gave the more northerly part of the disused quarry, a solitary vein regarding the location of a mine, for example John Slate gave expression comprising of a series of linear opencuts could be one dish of ore to free a First Taker Meer West from the Founder the location of the above Sportman’s Vein. at Mr. Clay’s Engine in the Moss Rake Old Vein at Moss Rake Head (26/03/1753: Chats. Bar Coll. 210). Moss Rake Head Mine Southeastwardly from Pindale to Smalldale a large tract of (later Hugh Grove) was situated at SK 1411 7992 on the western land (since almost entirely quarried away) contained many range of Moss Rake on Bradwell Moor. The entries presented intersecting veins. The area was occupied by two farms, Far below are the most significant for each area within the liberty. Coates (SK 159 819) and Nether Coates (SK 161 815) and the land was generally termed as Bradwell Moor, Coates Ground The minor veins located to the north-west of Bradwell (Pindale and Cresswell Part. The eastern range of the major Long Rake to Smalldale)Downloaded encroached into this area but details regarding this vein are noted The rough lane (Pindale Road) that leads up the bottom of in the following section. Ranging obliquely across this part of Pindale is the north-western boundary between Bradwell and the liberty is Wet Rake. This vein branches from near Dirtlow Castleton Liberties. The Barmasters have recorded entries for Rake Head (SK 145 816) in Castleton Liberty and runs in a mines located in the Pindale area with the first dating from south-east direction to terminate near Nunlow (SK 167 819). 1758 when Robert Hall gave one dish of ore to free a Founder The vein was noted by the Barmaster on numerous occasions, Meer in Reynold’s Old Vein in Robert Hall’s Part on Pinda Side the first dating from 1761 at which time Robert Parramore gave (06/09/1758: Chats Bar Coll. 211). Two years later Robert Hall one dish of ore to free a 2nd Taker Meer West from the Old gave one dish of ore to free a 1st Taker Meer West from their Old Founder in Wet Rake on Bradwell Moor (13/06/1761: Chats Bar Founder in Reynold’s Rake on Pinda Side (16/05/1760: Chats Coll. 211). The location of the following entry cannot be given Bar Coll. 211).The ore accounts concerning Reynold’s Rake with any certainty ...Joseph Walker gave one dish of ore to free record that it was, in part, within Hope Liberty to the north-east a Founder Meer in the Wet Rake on Coates Green (05/07/1765: of Pindale. The Ordnance Survey 1898 25 inches to 1 mile map Chats Bar Coll. 211). Coates Green was located to the south- (Derbyshire sheet X-9 Digital Archives Association) shows a west of Far Cotes farm at approximately SK 157 817 therefore

57 Fig. 2: The principal lead veins and mines located to the north-west of Bradwell (Derbyshire map X-9. Courtesy of Digital Archives Association, Warrington). the mine was somewhere here. The vein is not recorded again Thewww.pdmhs.com next entry notes veins freed on Birdlo and the adjacent until 1789 when Joseph Dakin gave one dish of ore to free a Nunlow ...Elias Pedley gave two dishes of ore. One to free a Founder Meer in the Wet Rake on Mr. Hall’s Bradwell Moor Founder Meer in Birdlo Old Vein and the second dish to free near the Nursery (26/10/1789: Chats Bar Coll. 214) and just a a Founder Meer in a New Vein on Nunley (13/04/1774: Chats month later Richard Pedley gave one dish of ore to free a 1st Bar Coll. 212). Rieuwerts (1993) states that this is the probable Taker Meer West from Joseph Whittle’s Old Founder in the Wet location of a level driven by Pedley and partners into a scrin Rake on Bradwell Moor (26/11/1789: Chats Bar Coll. from214). The through the ‘channel’ (Pindale Tuff). The level was visited in Nursery mentioned in the first entry could be a reference to the 1784 by the noted French geologist Faujas de St. Fond. The last small copse located at SK 148 816 alongside Wet Rake. This was entry concerning Birdlo occurs in 1790 ...George Whittingham known as Richard Hall’s Plantation in 1838 (Heathcote, 2007). gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in Birdlo Old Vein The second entry appears to be referring to a separate part of at Birdlo Stile (14/12/1790: Chats Bar Coll. 214). the vein, although it is not known when Joseph Whittle freed his founder or its exact location within the vein. A slightly later The Nunlow area contains numerous other references to freeings, entry can be located at the extreme eastern end of the vein in the first of which dates from 1752 ...William Jackson gave one the proximity of Nunlow (SK 167 819) when George and John dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in an Old Vein called Pickhill Whittingham gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in the Sun Vein in the Bottom of Coates Ground (15/10/1752: Chats Wet Rake Old Vein on Birdlo (20/08/1791: Chats Bar Coll. 214). Bar Coll. 210). A Barmasters’ map (Chats Bar Coll. Sheet 23. Birdlo, Birdlo Stile and Birdlo Wood (centred SK 166 819 were (168)) shows that Pickhill was located at SK 163 817 adjacent to located to the west of Nunlow End. The complex of veins here Nether Cotes Farm. Later another vein was freed in this locality associated with the eastern range of Long Rake and is included ...Adam Holme gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in an here for clarity whilst the others, on the western range of Long Old Vein on Pickhill on Mr. Cresswell’s Part (18/03/1769: Chats Rake will be noted later in the section. Bar Coll. 212) and slightly later Benjamin Dudding gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in an Old Vein on the South The first recordDownloaded of mines on Birdlo dates from 1764 when Side of Mr. Cresswell’s Part called Pickhill (18/05/1771: Chats John Cheetham son of Thomas Cheetham gave one dish of Bar Coll. 212). Later in 1782 it appears that this or a vein in ore to free a Founder Meer in an Old Scrin in Birdlo Hole close proximity, was freed when Dennis Bradwell gave one dish (06/10/1764: Chats Bar Coll. 211).The exact location of Birdlo of ore to free a Founder Meer in an Old Scrin on the South Side Hole is unknown. Was Birdlo Hole a natural pothole open to of Pickhill in Mr. Cresswell’s Coates (22/07/1782: Chats Bar the surface similar to Batham Pot (SK 1525 8080) on Bradwell Coll. 213). Incidentally a map of Bradwell dated 1807 (Sheff. Moor? At the start of 1765 John Holme gave one dish of ore to Arch. Oakes Deeds 1222. J. Barnatt pers comm.) notes that the free a Founder Meer in an Old Scrin at Birdlo Stile on Martin hill of Nunlow, slightly to the NE of Pickhill was also known Middleton’s Nunley (16/02/1765: Chats Bar Coll. 211). Birdlo as the Great Peakhill a name which could be a later derivation Stile was obviously located near to Nunlow. Two years later of Pickhill. another vein was freed in the vicinity ...Adam Holme gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in an Old Scrin in Birdlo To the immediate NW of Pickhill was a large enclosure known Wood called Now or Never (21/03/1767: Chats Bar Coll. 212). as Cotes Green (centred SK 157 817) which is the location of

58 numerous lead veins. The Barmaster recorded several instances Old Flott lying on the South Side of Robert Stevenson, Thomas where veins were freed at this location. The first of these dates Cheetham and Roger Brayes Grove (11/09/1673: Bag. Coll. 702 from 1757 when William Fox gave one dish of ore to free a (1). J. Rieuwerts pers comm.). Founder Meer in an Old Vein on the South Side of the Old Pipe on the Coates Green (12/10/1757: Chats Bar Coll. 210). Nine Immediately north of Smalldale (bottom) and to the west of years later and Joseph Bancroft gave one dish of ore to free a Michlow Lane is an area of linear fields that was the site of Founder Meer in an Old Scrin in the Coates Green (29/12/1768: extensive mining activity and was generally known as the Dirty Chats Bar Coll. 212). The next two entries concerning the Half Acres (centred SK 169 816). Once again there are numerous Walkers probably refer to the same vein on Coates Green entries for this area and the following are the most significant. ...Thomas Walker gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in In 1754 William Jackson gave one dish of ore to free a Founder an Old Vein on Coates Green (22/05/1779: Chats Bar Coll. 213) Meer in an Old Vein and called it Luck Founder in the Dirty and William Walker gave one dish of ore to free a 1st Taker Meer Half Acres (10/06/1754: Chats Bar Coll. 210). One year later West from the Old Founder on Coates Green (23/11/1782: Chats William Jackson freed another vein at this location ...William Bar Coll. 213). This slightly later entry appears to give a name Jackson gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in the Dirty to the vein ...George Fox gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Half Acres Old Middle Vein (25/06/1755: Chats Bar Coll. 210). Meer in an Old Vein called Walker’s Vein on Coates Green The following two entries concern William Jackson and Robert (26/03/1783: Chats Bar Coll. 213). William Walker freed more Parramore who could have been partners in the mine ...Robert ground here and the Barmaster has been slightly more specific Parramore gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in an in the details given ...William Walker gave one dish of ore to Old Vein in the Dirty Half Acres (09/06/1759: Chats Bar Coll. free a Founder Meer in an Old Vein on the South Side of Coates 211) and William Jackson gave one dish of ore to free a 1st Taker Green called Have at All (21/06/1783: Chats Bar Coll. 213). Meer West from Robert Parramore’s Old Founder on Dirty Half This vein must have been in close proximity to the boundary Acre (09/07/1762: Chats Bar Coll. 211). Another member of between Coates Green and Pickhill at approximately SK 162 the Jackson family was active in the area in 1784 ...Christopher 816. At the beginning of the 1800s the Walker family were still Jackson gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in a North involved with veins on Coates Green and John Walker gave one Vein called All a Chance in the Dirty Half Acres (28/02/1784: dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in an Old Vein on Coates Chats Bar Coll. 213). The following entry indicates the location Green called Proof (28/03/1810: Chats Bar Coll. 215). of the Dirty Half Acres and dates from 1787 ...William Jackson gave one dish of ore to free a 1st Taker Meer East from the Old Adjacent to Coates Green and Pickhill, but more southerly, Founder in Smalldale Bottom Old Scrin in the Dirty Half Acre was an area known as the Ridding (centred SK 163 814). There (03/03/1787: Chats Bar Coll. 213). are numerous entries for veins freed at this locality. The first dating from 1781 states that Isaac Bradwell gave one dish of The founder on this vein was freed in the previous year and a ore to free an Old Founder on the North Side of Mr. Cresswell’s further taker meer east was freed in 1789. A later entry of 1800 Upper Ridding (19/04/1781: Chats Bar Coll. 213) and almost gives a name to the mine ...Christopher Jackson gave one dish a month later this same man gave one dish of ore to free a of ore to free a Founder Meer in an Old Scrin in the Dirty Half 1st Taker Meer West from the Old Founder in Mr. Cresswell’s Acres and called it Never Fear (11/10/1800: Chats Bar Coll. Upper Ridding (12/05/1781: Chats Bar Coll. 213). Slightly later 215). Six years later the same man freed more ground in the entries give more details to their location and both date from area Christopher Jackson gave one dish of ore to free a Founder 1784 and concern the same man ...Joseph Royse gave one dish Meer in an Old Vein for the mine called Union Venture lying in of ore to free a Founder Meer in an Old Scrin in the Southmost thewww.pdmhs.com North Side of Dirty Half Acres Pointing North East in Mr. corner of Mr. Cresswell’s Ridding at or near the Coates Gate Bagshaw’s Fields (26/07/1806: Chats Bar Coll. 215). Slightly (23/03/1784: Chats Bar Coll. 213) and Joseph Royse gave one earlier than the above entry another man was freeing ground, dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in a North Scrin on Mr. that from the terminology used, appears to be located in the area Cresswell’s Ridding below the Southeast corner of Coates Green somewhere near to the Dirty Half Acres ...Robert Elliott gave (28/05/1784: Chats Bar Coll. 213). These veins were obviously one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in an Old Vein in Thomas in close proximity to one another. Also located in this areafrom was a Cresswell’s Field on the Backside of George Bramwell’s House certain piece of ground known as Ashton Flatt. Freeings in this in Smalldale and called the mine Narrow Sides (27/02/1806: area are numerous but give little specific detail. The only entry Chats Bar Coll. 215). In 1818 Christopher Jackson was again that gives a name to the mine appears in 1766 ...Adam Holme freeing ground in the Dirty Half Acres ...Christopher Jackson gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in an Old Scrin on gave one dish of ore to free a 1st Taker Meer West or Pointing the North Side of Ashton Flatt called Smiler (26/04/1766: Chats North West called Lime in the Dirty Half Acres in Hannah Bar Coll. 212). Ashmore’s Field on the Backside of Smalldale (25/04/1818: Chats Bar Coll. 216). At which date the founder was freed at the Several entries concern mines that were noted as simply being above mine remains unknown. on Bradwell Moor, the first states that George Bancroft gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in an Old Vein on Slightly to the north-east of the Dirty Half Acres is the limestone Bradwell Moor called Stonebreck Scrin (09/06/1753: Chats Bar reef knoll known as Michlow (centred SK 170 819). Similar to the Coll. 210). A later entry could be referring to the same location areas already noted Michlow was the site of numerous veins and ...John Walker gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in an scrins. The Barmaster has again made many entries concerning Old Scrin on Mr. Hall’s Bradwell Moor called Bancroft Scrin this area but on many occasions the details given are sparse. The (20/03/1790: Chats Bar Coll. 214). A Barmasters’ map (Chats following are the most notable and date from 1787 and 1795 and Bar Coll. SheetDownloaded 23. (168)) notes that Hall’s Bradwell Moor is again concern Jackson and Elliott ...Christopher Jackson and located at SK 153 816 in close proximity to Bradwell Moor Robert Elliott gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in Barn (since destroyed). It seems likely that the scrin or scrins the Potatoe Old Vein near Edens Tree (22/02/1787: Chats Bar noted were located near here. The following vein is recorded Coll. 213). Edens Tree was located in the flat pasture land at SK on Bradwell Moor and it could also be in the vicinity noted 172 819 to the east of Michlow. A later entry gives more detail above, although this remains uncertain ...William Holme gave concerning the vein ...Robert Elliott gave one dish of ore to free one dish of ore to free an Old Founder Meer in the Flott Pipe a 1st Taker Meer West from the Old Founder on the North Side on Bradwell Moor (05/12/1761: Chats Bar Coll. 211). Ten years of Michlow called Potatoe Venture (10/10/1795: Chats Bar Coll. later the following was freed at the same location ...John Pascoe 214). The Barmasters’ map (Chats Bar Coll. Sheet 23. (168)) gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in the Flott Pipe shows that the eastern end of Long Rake, from Nunlow End, on Bradwell Moor (10/09/1771: Chats Bar Coll. 212). This trends in a more eastern direction and skirts around the northern location is noted earlier when in 1673 a Barmote Court case flank of Michlow. It is highly likely that this was the location of was heard concerning the Carrying away of Twenty Loads of the above mine. lead Ore to the value of £20 from a freed meer of ground called

59 Coll. 211). During the next year William Holme freed a further two meers east from the founder at this mine. Later more ground was freed on the vein in Thistle Field ...Joseph Kirk gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in an Old Scrin in the Thistle Field on Rye Croft called Luck at Last (11/04/1767: Chats Bar Coll. 212). Similar to the already mentioned Cat Skins no further ground appears to have been freed at Luck at Last Mine in the Thistle Field. Another portion of a vein situated at the same location was freed later in 1775 at which time Abraham Andrews gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in Middleton Scrin in the Thistle Field at Coates (30/09/1775: Chats Bar Coll. 213). Returning to Nunlow, numerous entries were made by the Barmaster and the following are the most notable. The first concerns Jonathan Royse of Castleton who gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in an Old Vein called Hardhurst on Robert Hall’s Nunley (15/12/1764: Chats Crushing stone at Bird Mine, Caulkey Rake, Bradwell Moor. Bar Coll. 211). From the terminology used the Photo: Les Pill - n.d. (BCRA Collection, BGS, Nottingham). following must be located near to the previous entry and concerns a vein, with the same name, Long Rake and associated veins as one recorded earlier on Pindale side ...Joseph This large vein, with a northeast to southwest orientation, is the Hall gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in Reynold’s principal vein in this area. The eastern extremity of the vein Old Rake on Robert Hall’s Nunley (06/04/1765: Chats Bar Coll. is in the Nunlow End and Gautries Low area (centred SK 167 211). 819), from here it ranges beneath Nether Cotes farm (SK 161 815), and continues westward to Bradwell Moor and finally A Barmasters, map (Chats Bar Coll. 168) shows the location of terminates at its junction with Moss Rake near Raddlepits Mine Bennett’s Scrin at Nunlow End (SK 167 819). The vein, although (SK 143 801) in the west. The vein is recorded by the Barmaster un-named at this time, is first noted in 1762 when William on many occasions and the following are the most significant Bennett gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in an Old entries. These will be described in an east to west format starting Vein or Scrin on Rowland Middleton’s Nunley (29/07/1762: with the Nunlow (Nunley) and Gautries (Gautrees,Gawtris, Chats Bar Coll. 211). Five years later, in 1767, a further meer Gawtry) Low area. was freed to the west of the founder followed a short time later by a meer being freed to the east of the founder. Later still, the Records show that on its extreme eastern range the main Long followingwww.pdmhs.com entry confirms the location of Bennett’s Scrin to the Rake was accompanied by a complex of smaller parallel veins north of Long Rake and also notes a further freeing of ground to and scrins, the complexity of which, coupled with the details the west of the founder ...William Bennett gave one dish of ore to given by the Barmaster, make it almost impossible to give free a 2nd Taker Meer West from the Old Founder on the North accurate grid references. That said, many veins can be located Side of Long Rake on Nunley (21/02/1770: Chats Bar Coll. 212). within the general area around Nunlow End and Gautries Low. A later entry, of 1792, positively names the vein and gives an The first of these dates from 1753 when Jonathan Bradwell example of the complex of veins in this area ...Robert Jackson gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in an Oldfrom Vein on gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in an Old Scrin on Gautrees Low called Gautrees Low Old Vein (19/05/1753: Chats the North Side of Bennett’s Scrin on Nunley (07/07/1792: Chats Bar Coll. 210). In close proximity to the above is the following Bar Coll. 214). ...Robert Walker gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in an Old Vein called Boo Tor Vein in the Coats Ground and Further west from Nunlow End, Long Rake and associated called it Romney Hole Founder (15/01/1754: Chats Bar Coll. veins, entered into an area of land located to the immediate east 210). Almost four months later more ground was freed at this of Nether Cotes farm and noted by the Barmaster as Fox Hill. location when Robert Walker gave one dish of ore to free a 1st Entries for this area are again numerous the most significant Taker Meer West from the Old Founder called Romney Hole first recorded being in 1762 ...George Palfreyman gave one Founder in Boo Tor Vein (06/04/1754: Chats Bar Coll. 210). In dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in Long Rake Old Vein on 1758 another stretch of the vein was freed but on this occasion Fox Hill Top (11/12/1760: Chats Bar Coll. 211). The parallel a different location is given ...William Fox gave one dish of ore Bennet’s Scrin (see above) also continued westward alongside to free a Founder Meer in Boo Tor Old Vein on Rye Croft Edge Long Rake to enter into this area and in 1786 Thomas Bradwell (25/10/1758: Chats Bar Coll. 211). Therefore it appears that Rye gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in William Bennett’s Croft Edge was located in or near to Coates Ground. References Old Scrin on Fox Hill Top (22/04/1786: Chats Bar Coll. 213). in the ore accounts give more definite locations and state Cotes George Palfreyman, recorded above, freed another vein in Ground nearDownloaded Gawtry Low and Bow (Boo) Tor near Gawtry Low this area in 1757 when he gave one dish of ore to free an Old Engine (Chats Bar Coll. 211). The location of this engine, or Founder Meer in Little Hill Vein on Fox Hill (10/10/1757: Chats another, on Gautries Low is unknown but it is recorded again Bar Coll. 211). many years later in 1840 when John, William and Robert Jackson gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in Cuckoo Old Vein From this location Long Rake continued westward through on Gawtris and South of Gawtris Low Engine Shaft and called Coates Ground being recorded at Coates Barn, Coates Fold, it Speedwell (14/11/1840: Chats Bar Coll. 217). Rye Croft Edge Coates Field, Coates Lane and New Field Green and eventually was the location of other mines, one of which is recorded in entered into the rough largely un-cultivated land on the eastern 1762 ...John Hunter gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer perimeter of Bradwell Moor. The vein splits in the vicinity of in an Old Vein called Cat Skins on Rye Croft Edge (08/07/1762: Bird Mine (SK 1575 8122 ) with the southern branch (Long Chats Bar Coll. 211). No further ground was freed at Cat Skins. Rake) trending over the moorland towards Moss Rake and the Another mine located here is the following ...William Holme more northern branch (Calkey Rake) ranging towards the general gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in an Old Scrin area of Dirtlow Head (centred SK 140 810). Bird Mine was first on Rye Croft Edge called Thistle Field (04/02/1764: Chats Bar recorded in 1758 when Robert Hill gave one dish of ore to free

60 an Old Founder in Long Rake on Bradwell Moor and called it Returning to the main Long Rake more freeings are recorded, Bird (18/05/1758: Chats Bar Coll 211). Two years later Robert one located to the east of Pack of Meal or Lingards Mine (SK Hill freed a taker meer west from the above founder. In 1767 159 814) which lies to the immediate east of Bird Mine ...Robert a further taker meer was freed to the west of the founder and Morten gave one dish of ore to free a 1st Taker Meer West from in 1791 the first taker meer was freed to the east. Nothing else his and Joseph Royse’s Old Founder on Long Rake called Vixen. is recorded regarding freeings at the mine. As stated above the It was Agreed the West Half Meer should belong to Charles northerly branch of this major vein became known as Calkey Dakin at the Pack of Meal (03/05/1788: Chats Bar Coll. 213). Rake, a name that has only been discovered during the present The founder at Vixen Mine was freed five years earlier in 1783. research. Until this date the vein was generally known as New Another mine freed in 1845 is located in the same vicinity to Venture Vein after the mine of the same name that is located the east of Pack of Meal Mine ...William Elliott gave one dish part way along the vein at SK 1540 8101. This mine was the of ore to free a Founder Meer in an Old Vein North of Long subject of surface preservation during the 1990s by members of Rake Vein. The Founder lying a little West of the Gate leading PDMHS (Heathcote, 1997a, 1997b). There are several entries out of the pasture called Cresswell Part into Mr. Robert How for Calkey Rake the first dating from 1757 with others in the Ashton’s Pasture and called the mine Pekin (14/05/1845: Chats following decades but all are very sparse in the details given. Bar Coll. 218). A Barmasters, map (Chats Bar Coll. Sheet 23 In 1806 an entry gives more clues to the veins location ...Isaac (168)) shows Pekin Mine at SK 160 814 to the east of Pack of Eeeds gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in an Old Vein Meal or Lingards Mine. on the North Side of Long Rake in Joseph Burrows Part in the Calkey Rake and called it Never Fear (15/06/1806: Chats Bar West of Bird Mine more freeings are recorded on the western Coll. 215). (Therefore the vein is located to the north of Long range of Long Rake but because of the sparse details given it is Rake in land belonging to Joseph Burrows, as the entry states). impossible to identify their exact location. These are as follows The following entry gives more details to the location of the vein with the first dating from 1797 when Richard Middleton gave along with a name for the mine ...Thomas Bradwell gave one one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in an Old Vein on Long dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in Calkey Rake being North Rake on John Dakin’s Part called the Water Hole (02/09/1797: of Long Rake on Dakin’s Part by the Half Mile Wall and called Chats Bar Coll. 214). Over ten years later George Furniss it New President (06/11/1841: Chats Bar Coll. 217). It appears gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in an Old Vein on from the above entries that the Half Mile Wall separated the land Long Rake on Mr. Abraham Dakin’s Part called Queen Bess owned by Burrows and Dakin. The wall is still to be seen running (24/10/1810: Chats Bar Coll. 215) and much later still Robert parallel to the diverted (new) road crossing Bradwell Moor to Middleton gave one dish of ore to free an Old Mine on Dakin’s the west of the massive Hope Cement Works limestone quarry Middle Part in the Long Rake Vein and called it Lord Nelson and it appears to have been an important boundary marker in the (04/05/1844: Chats Bar Coll. 218). noted time period. New Venture Mine, situated on Calkey Rake, is recorded in 1842 when Thomas Burrows, John Bradwell and Many more mines/veins are recorded by the Barmasters in the Thomas Middleton gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer Books of Entries. A complete list is provided as Appendix 1. in an Old Vein on Burrows Part North of the Half Mile Wall and a little Westward of Richard Hall’s Land and called it New The minor veins located to the west and east of Bradwell (east Venture (30/04/1842: Chats Bar Coll. 217). Why the mine is of Bradwell village to Bradwell Moor and beyond to Brock Tor not noted as being on Calkey Rake remains unknown. On the Lane Head) same date another mine was freed in very close proximity to Like the area of the liberty discussed above, this part was again New Venture ...Thomas Burrows gave one dish of ore to free a thewww.pdmhs.com scene of extensive mining activity and the documentation Founder Meer in an Old Pipe Work lying North of the Half Mile consulted suggests that it was indeed the location of the majority Wall on Burrows Part and West of Richard Hall’s Ring Fence of the mines within Bradwell Liberty. On the steep hillside to and called it Junction (30/04/1842: Chats Bar Coll. 217). One the west of Bradwell village is a mine that has become well year later another mine was freed, again on the range of Calkey known to generations of cavers and mine explorers, this being Rake, but this particular mine was located to the south of the Moorfurlong Mine (SK 1682 8115). Half Mile Wall ...John Bradwell gave one dish of orefrom to free a Founder Meer in a Rake or Pipe Vein situate on the South Side of This mine is just one section of a series of parallel pipe veins the Half Mile Wall which Founder Meer is East of the Wall which orientated in a north-west direction, namely the Moorfurlong and divides the Great Heath Top Piece of Dakin’ s Part from the Half Stone Hole Pipes. Stone Hole Pipe was discovered sometime Mile Wall Piece. 160 Yards of which Wall is the boundary of the shortly after 1664 and a series of disputes occurred here in the said Title called Have at All (10/05/1843: Chats Bar Coll. 217). 1690s. By the early 18th century it appears that these veins had The exact location of this mine remains unclear. become known collectively as Moorfurlong (Rieuwerts, 2007).

Fig. 3: The principal lead mines located on the eastern and central range of Moss Rake situated to the west of Bradwell (Derbyshire map X-13. Courtesy of Digital Archives Association, Warrington).

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61 Above: Explorer descending the internal shaft within the entrance series of Moorfurlong Mine, Bradwell. Photo: F. H. Brindley - 1906. (BCRA Collection, BGS, Nottingham). Below: Bagshaw Resurgence (The Yeld), Bradwell. Photo: Les Pill - n.d. (BCRA Collection, BGS, Nottingham). Moorfurlong Pipe is first recorded by the Barmaster in 1758 and concerns a mine at the very northwestern extremity of the pipe vein ...Thomas Andrew gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in Moorfurlong Old Pipe at Smalldale Head (21/10/1758: Chats Bar Coll. 211). Smalldale Head is located at SK 164 813. In 1765 a named mine is recorded but the lack of details makes it impossible to give an exact location ...John Hallam gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in an Old Scrin in William How’s Moorfurlong and called it Spend All (02/11/1765: Chats Bar Coll. 211). A year later further ground was freed at the mine ...Elias Mellor gave one dish of ore to free a 1st Taker Meer West from John Hallam’s Old Founder on William How’s Moorfurlong (17/05/1766: Chats Bar Coll. 212). Over the intervening decades several more entries are made regarding freeings on Moorfurlong Pipe but they give little detail to their whereabouts. In 1808 an entry gives a location and name to the mine when Mr. Francis Bagshaw gave one dish of ore to free a 2nd Taker Meer North West from the Founder Shaft at Never Fear in a Pipe called Moorfurlong Old Pipe at Smalldale Head (16/04/1808: Chats Bar Coll. 215). It is possible that this meer is at the earlier location of John Hallam’s Founder dating from 1765-6, although this is unclear. The location of Never Fear Mine at Smalldale Head is shown on a Barmasters’ map (Chats Bar Coll. Sheet 23 (168)) at SK 1649 8129. This map also shows the location of the following mine at SK 1665 8121 to the south-east of Never Fear Mine ...George Elliott gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in an Old Pipe in Moorfurlong Old Pipe running Northwest in Benjamin Barber’s Field called it Barley (05/02/1817: Chats Barwww.pdmhs.com Coll. 216). Five years later a taker meer west was freed at the mine again by George Elliott. A later entry appears to give a location, for another mine, at the very south-eastern extremity of the pipe to the south of Smithy Hill (centred SK 171 811) ...Charles Pearson gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in Old Moorfurlong Pipe South of Robert Maltby’s House in a fromfield called Hungry Lane Croft and called it New Title Mine (24/02/1837: Chats Bar Coll. 217). Several months later a taker meer east was freed at the mine. Hungry Lane Croft is located at SK 173 811 and later became the site of the graveyard adjacent to the Methodist Chapel built in 1845 (Jim Rieuwerts, Chris Furniss pers comm.). In 1841 another mine was freed on the pipe and the Barmasters’ map, noted above, shows its location at SK 1695 8115 to the south-west of Smithy Hill ...George Elliott gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in Moorfurlong Pipe in land belonging to Thomas Hallam and called it Victoria (06/11/1841: Chats Bar Coll. 217). The ore accounts for the liberty recorded that Mole Vein was located in Moorfurlong Old Pipe. To the east of Moorfurlong Pipe and south of Smalldale Bottom (centred SK 171 814) are a series of fields known, in 1807, as Downloaded the Moley or Mouldy Pingle and the Town Furlongs (Sheff. Arch. Oakes Deeds 1222. J. Barnatt pers comm.). Several mines were located here, unfortunately details are lacking, and only one is named ...George Cheetham gave one dish of ore to free a 1st Taker Meer East from George Palfreyman’s Old Founder in the Mouldy Pingle (24/09/1763: Chats Bar Coll. 211). The founder was freed by Palfreyman in 1761 and later in 1766 a meer was freed to the west. Directly east from Smithy Hill, on the opposite side of the village and alongside Bradwell Brook, is Bradwell Head Spring at SK 1745 8155 (Sheff. Arch. Oakes Deeds 1222. J. Barnatt pers comm.). The following entry appears to record a mine located in this vicinity ...William Palfreyman gave one dish of

62 ore to free a Founder Meer in Pudding Scrin in a Close called In the immediate area, slightly to the west of the Yeld, is Greaves Bradwell Head (27/02/1766: Chats Bar Coll. 212). A much later Croft (SK 1735 8095). This was the location of a mine recorded entry records another instance where the mine could be in close in 1770 when Thomas Hilton gave one dish of ore to free a proximity to the last one ...Robert Jackson gave one dish of ore 1st Taker Meer West from Robert Middleton’s Old Founder in to free a Founder Meer in an Old Scrin on Further Bradwell Southfield North Vein on Greaves Croft (24/10/1770: Chats Bar Head (08/07/1791: Chats Bar Coll. 214). Both of these mines Coll. 212). The date at which Robert Middleton freed his founder must be located very close to the limestone/shale boundary at at this location remains unknown but it was possibly pre-1752. the foot of Bradwell Edge. During the 1860s-1890s an amalgamation of several mine titles on the eastern range of Moss Rake including the Yeald, Greaves Moss Rake and associated veins Croft, Marshall and Portaway Mines, was formed by the Moss This major vein, ranging from the foot of Bradwell Edge in the Rake Mining and Lead Smelting Company which also became east to Brock Tor Lane Head in the west must have been known known as the Bradwell Co-operative Mining Company. This about and worked for many centuries and pre-dates extant company intended to work the vein at depth by driving a long records. The vein has a generally east-west trend and has been level (Co-op Level) westward along Moss Rake. Various shafts worked for its entire length of over 2 ½ miles. At its extreme were sunk and a horizontal steam winding and pumping engine eastern range, at the foot of Bradwell Edge, a later mine known was installed at a shaft at Outland Head. By the start of 1895 as Orchard or Wortley was located. Immediately west of the the venture was abandoned with a reported loss of £6,000 to the Bagshaw Resurgence (Wallhead Lumb) the vein was generally investors (Rieuwerts, 2007). known as Southfield North and South Veins (centred SK 173 809), while further west it was called Hartle Moor Rake or Vein Westward from this point the Barmaster’s entries are numerous (centred SK 163 807) and further west still, on Bradwell Moor for Southfield North and South Veins but are lacking in detail (centred SK 150 803), it became known as the more familiar and so, because of the nature of the vein structure (closely spaced Moss Rake. The vein retained this name to the Bradwell/Peak parallel veins), cannot be placed accurately. The following are Forest Liberty boundary, in the west, at Brock or Brook Tor the more notable with the first dating from 1756 when Ellis Lane Head (centred SK 127 794). At Moss Rake Head (SK 140 Marshall gave one dish of ore to free a 2nd Taker Meer West 799) the vein splits with the more northern branch being named from the Old Founder at Southfield Engine on Southfield Old as Cop Rake (centred SK 135 799). For clarity the description Vein (28/02/1756: Chats Bar Coll. 210). The date of freeing the of the mines on Moss Rake, will start on its eastern range at founder and 1st taker west possibly dates from pre-1752 when Wortley Mine, and then will be divided into the separately the extant records begin. Later in 1756 Marshall freed a further named sections starting with Southfield North and South Veins. meer to the west from the founder. At the start of 1757 another name is given to the mine ...Ellis Marshall at Southfield Engine Orchard or Wortley Mine. Unfortunately little is known about gave one dish of ore to free a New Break or Vein breaking this mine located on the shale/limestone boundary, to the east southwardly out of his 3rd Taker Meer West from Barker’s Old of Bradwell (SK 1775 8105). Little remains on-site apart from Founder in Southfield Old Vein (12/02/1757: Chats Bar Coll. a fairly large dilapidated shale hillock. Green (1887) states A 210). Two months later, in March, a dispute records yet another shaft, known as the Wortley Mine, was sunk on the east of the name for the mine ...Put Two of the Twentyfour Men, Adam village through 20 fathoms of Yoredale Shales into the limestone, Marshall and William Bennett, into Ellis Marshall’s Engine but missed the lode, which is thought to run further north. When on Southfield at Robert Marshall’s call. To give their Opinion this shaft was sunk remains unclear but in autumn 1866 Daniel how far Ellis Marshall had cut in his New Vein from his Rither Furness of Sheffield, formerly of Bradwell, lead miner, sold to Pointwww.pdmhs.com and they gave their Opinion about One Meer of Ground Edwin Bradwell and Horatio Bradwell, both of Sheffield, the (07/03/1757: Chats Bar Coll. 210). Therefore in the period Orchard and Wortley Mines, Fourteen Meers from Lum Head to of just over one year the mine was known by three separate the top of Wortley field, for £50 (Chats Bar Coll. Jim Rieuwerts. names. pers comm.). One year later, the Barmaster was setting out a road to Orchard Mine for Horatio Bradwell and partners Three years later Ellis Marshall was involved in another mine through land belonging to Colonel Leslie (Chats Bar fromColl. Jim on Southfield when he gave one dish of ore to free a 2nd Taker Rieuwerts. pers comm.) and nine years later Horatio Bradwell Meer East from the Old Founder in Humble Bee Vein on the requested ground to be set out at Orchard or Wortley Mine for North Side of Southfield Old Vein on Southfield (30/08/1760: dressing purposes (Chats Bar Coll. Jim Rieuwerts. pers comm.). Chats Bar Coll. 211). Four years later the mine is recorded It seems plausible to suggest that by this latter date (1876) the again but with a slight change to its name ...William Jackson shaft was nearing the limestone and the dressing floor was being (for Ellis Marshall) gave three dishes of ore to free a 1st, 2nd established in anticipation of the eastern range of Moss Rake and 3rd Taker Meer West from the Old Founder in Chun Vein being discovered. In the summer of 1889 the mine was given otherwise Humble Bee Vein on Southfield (25/08/1764: Chats away as a neglected mine by the Barmaster (Chats Bar Coll. Jim Bar Coll. 211). Chun is the miners term for a joint or leading Rieuwerts. pers comm.), indicating that by this date the mine that can sometimes be open or cavernous (Rieuwerts 1998a). Is had been abandoned. it possible that the miners in this particular area had discovered a natural cave system or perhaps a part of the large Bagshaw Southfield North and South Veins. Several mines are recorded by Cavern system? From the next entry it is clear that the above the Barmaster as being located in the general area immediately vein continued eastwardly to enter into Slater’s Croft (centred to the west of Bagshaw Resurgence (Wallhead Lumb), variously SK 1721 8085) immediately to the west of Hungry Lane ...James known as the Yeld, Yield or Heald. Unfortunately the details Hibbs gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in an Old Vein given are oftenDownloaded lacking, however, they are sometimes more called Chun Vein in Slater’s Croft (23/03/1779: Chats Bar Coll. specific, the first such as noted in 1760 when Thomas Cheetham 213). A later entry records another mine located, on Southfield gave one dish of ore to free an Old Founder Meer in Southfield South Vein, to the west of Hungry Lane ...Daniel Furniss and North Vein on the Heald (24/05/1760: Chats Bar Coll. 211). Nine Emanuel Downing gave one dish of ore to free an Old Founder years later a taker meer east from the founder was freed at this Meer in Southfield South Vein called Smiling Betty. N.B. Part of location when Edward Cheetham gave one dish of ore to free a the West Half Meer claimed by Thomas Marston and Thomas 1st Taker Meer East from Thomas Cheetham’s Old Founder in Hallam but agreed for the Partition Stake to be put down at the the Heald (25/11/1769: Chats Bar Coll. 212). Wall on the West Side of Hungry Lane and that Stake parts their Titles (18/01/1788: Chats Bar Coll. 213). The next freeing of 1810 concerns another mine that was located in the Yeld, at which time Samuel Marshall gave one dish of ore Immediately to the west, and uphill, of Slater’s Croft at SK 1715 to free a Founder Meer in an Old Vein on the Heald End called 8089 is the entrance to Bagshaw Cavern. This is a major cave Smiling Nancy (01/12/1810: Chats Bar Coll. 215). system draining the high ground of Bradwell Moor to the west of Bradwell. Evans (1912) states that the cave was discovered by

63 discovered Crystallized Cavern. We immediately set off to this wonderful place, which is within one hundred yards of the town. On coming to a small hut, I was desired to put on a miners hat, a woollen jacket and trousers. Thus equipped, and with each a lighted candle, we proceeded to the door opening into the cavern….(Phil Shaw pers comm.). It appears that Evans could simply have based his date for the discovery of the cave on Hutchinson’s report of 1809. The cave system, in parts, underlies an area that witnessed mining activity which probably has ancient origins and was intensively mined. It is therefore highly likely that the system was discovered and probably explored before the discovery date quoted by the above persons. Certainly before 1807 miners were driving soughs into and under the Yeld from the Bagshaw Cavern Resurgence (Wallhead Lumb) (Rieuwerts, 2007) thus indicating their knowledge of the hydrology and drainage of the area. Another vein that is located in the eastern portion of Moss Rake in the vicinity of Bagshaw Cavern is noted thus James Hibbs gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in an Old Vein called Brass Venture in Slater’s Croft (23/12/1801: Chats Bar Coll. 215). This could be a reference to the occurrence of calamine being mined from within this part of the Moss Rake vein complex. Also located here is a mine that appears frequently in the Barmasters, entries, namely Butts Mine or Vein. The mine is first definitely recorded by the Barmaster in 1757 when Isaac Hamilton for Mr. Barker gave one dish of ore to free a 2nd Taker Meer West from the Old Founder at Butts Mine on Southfield (02/04/1757: Chats Bar Coll. 210). Two years previous to this time a sough known as Bradwell or Butts Sough was started www.pdmhs.comfrom the Bradwell Brook and driven westwardly into the vein (Rieuwerts, 2007). The mine is not mentioned again by name until 1807, at which time the Barmaster is quite specific in the details regarding the location of the mine when Thomas Hallam at New Nook (Newwall Nook) gave one from dish of ore to free a 1st Taker Meer West from Edward Downing and Daniel Furniss Founder in the Heald Southfield Moss Rake in Slater’s Croft West from Hungry Lane called the Butts Mine (07/10/1807: Chats Bar Coll. 215). Mulespinner Mine workings within the entrance series of Bagshaw Cavern, At the start of the following year an entry shows Bradwell. the very close, and often confusing, location of Photo: M. Grainger - 1936. (BCRA Collection, BGS, Nottingham). the mines and veins at this locality ...Sir William Chambers Bagshaw, John Bradwell, Isaac Middleton and John Jackson gave one dish of ore miners whilst working in Mulespinner Mine in 1807. Three years to free a 1st Taker Meer West from James Hibbs Founder at earlier the Barmaster records the following regarding the mine Mule Spinner lying one part in Isaac Maltby’s Pingle and the ...Joshua Barber gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in other part in Ellis Bradwell’s Butts Southfield Moss Rake. N.B. an Old Vein at a mine in Elias Bradwell’s Field on Southfield on 8’4’’ of the East End of the Mule Spinner Taker Meer belongs the South Side of Moss Rake and called the mine Mulespinner to James Hibbs and that is the Partition so Agreed to part their (27/10/1804:Downloaded Chats Bar Coll. 215). From this it is clear that Titles (19/03/1808: Chats Bar Coll. 215). the mine had been worked, under a different name, before this freeing. Two years later the mine appears to have been re-freed Hartle Moor Rake. Continuing uphill and westward along the ...Adam Morten gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in vein complex to the area adjacent to Outland Head (centred an Old Vein on the South Side of the Butts in the Mulespinner SK 163 807) the vein becomes known as Hartle Moor Rake Vein in Thomas Hallam’s Field and called the mine Mulespinner or Vein and again the entries for the workings located here are (29/04/1806: Chats Bar Coll. 215). It is not until 20 years later numerous. The following are the most significant that are noted when the name of the cave is recorded by the Barmaster ...John by the Barmaster but because of the complexity of the vein Bradwell gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in an structure and the sparse details given it is almost impossible Old Vein in Robert Middleton’s Field near the Hungry Lane and to give accurate grid references for the mines. In August 1752 called it Bagshaw Cavern (29/04/1826: Chats Bar Coll. 216). In the Barmaster records that William and Jonathan Cheetham Peakland Pickings by Evans (1885) he incorporates an account gave one dish of ore to free a 1st Taker Meer West from Joseph of a visit to the cave by Hutchinson in 1809 ...Entering a public Wright’s Old Founder in Hartle Moor Old Vein (08/08/1752: house at Bradwell, I met with one of the proprietors of the lately Chats Bar Coll. 210). From this date until 1761 three meers

64 were freed to the west of the founder and two meers were freed to the east. The exact location of Joseph Wright’s mine remains unknown. Towards the end of 1752 another mine is recorded when Thomas Daykin gave one dish of ore to free a Taker Meer East from Joseph Hall’s 1st Taker Meer East from their Old Founder in Hartle Moor Old Vein (23/11/1752: Chats Bar Coll. 210). No more ground is recorded as being freed at this mine. The location of the following mine can be more positively located when the Barmaster notes that Robert Marshall gave one dish of ore to free a 1st Taker Meer East from Thomas Fox’s Old Founder in Hartle Rake Old Vein at the Outland Head. Thomas Fox gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in an Old Vein Breaking or lying South of the Old Founder in Hartle Dale Old Vein at the Outland Head (13/03/1754: Chats Bar Coll. 210). The mine is situated in the area of Outland Head. Slightly later another named mine is noted ...Miles Marshall gave one dish of ore to free a 2nd Taker Meer West from their Old Founder called Outland Head Engine Founder on Hartle Moor (15/03/1755: Chats Bar Coll. 210). It is known that Outland Head Engine was located at SK 1665 8075. It is possible that these two entries are referring to the same location. Another vein that is recorded and must be closely associated to the above was noted by the Barmaster in early 1753 when Thomas Fox gave one dish of ore to free a Break or Vein Breaking Southwardly out of their 5th Taker Meer East from their Old Founder in Frigley Vein (09/03/1753: Chats Bar Coll. 210). The vein is again recorded in 1758 and 1759 but the details given are sparse. In early 1761 the vein is noted thus Thomas Fox gave one dish of ore to free a 7th Taker Meer East from Richard Jeffrey’s Old Founder on Frigley Old Vein . Also one dish to free www.pdmhs.com a 2nd Taker Meer East from their Old Founder in Hartle Moor Old Vein (23/02/1761: Chats Bar Coll. 211). The founder at this mine appears to have been freed pre-1752. It appears that Frigley Vein and Hartle Moor Vein were possibly running parallel to one another across Hartle Moor near Outland Head. from It has been established that Frigley Vein is on Hartle Moor, possibly in close proximity to Outland Head Engine. An entry of 1775 contains a tantalising item ...Thomas Middleton gave one dish of ore to free a Mulespinner Mine workings within the entrance series of Bagshaw Founder Meer in Frigley Old Vein in the Cave Hurst Cavern, Bradwell. (01/09/1775: Chats Bar Coll. 213). Natural cave Photo: M. Grainger - 1936. (BCRA Collection, BGS, Nottingham). passages were discovered within the later Outland Head limestone quarry (centred SK 165 807) (Beck and Gill 1991), but are now possibly lost to landfilling operations. (centred SK 160 805). The vein is not recorded again until 1786, Is the above an early reference to the natural caves found at at which time, a name is given for the mine ...John Cheetham depth within the quarry? A much later entry of 1841 mentions gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in an Old Vein on exactly why the veins at this locality near Outland Head are so the South Side of Ballack Well Vein on Hartle Moor and called confusing in their layout ...Adam Morten gave one dish of ore it May Mend (06/07/1786: Chats Bar Coll. 213). The exact to free a Founder Meer in an Old Vein called Frigley Vein lying location of this mine cannot be given. North of the NorthDownloaded Vein upon Hartle Moor. It sometimes joins to the North Vein and sometimes there is a Ryder 10 or 12 Yards The Barmaster notes a vein that could, like the previously noted Thick between them (06/11/1841: Chats Bar Coll. 217). Chun Vein and Cave Hurst Vein, indicate that natural cave passages were discovered by the miners in their workings beneath Hartle Another vein that must have been closely associated with the Moor. The entry states that Jonathan Bradwell gave one dish of above veins is recorded in 1753 when Jonathan Cheetham gave ore to free a Founder Meer in an Old Vein called Beighton Chun one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in a Vein called Ballack on Hartle Moor on the South Side of Hartle Moor Old Vein Old Vein upon Hartle Moor (02/05/1753: Chats Bar Coll. 210). (24/01/1760: Chats Bar Coll. 211). The vein is not mentioned again, Later in the same year the vein is noted again with a slight by the Barmaster, until 1797 when Robert Bocking gave one dish of change to its name and location ...Richard Jeffrey gave one dish ore to free a Founder Meer in an Old Vein on Benjamin Barber’s of ore to free a Founder Meer in an Old Vein called Ballack Hartle Moor called Beaton Chun (30/09/1797: Chats Bar Coll. Well Vein in Hartle Dale (06/10/1753: Chats Bar Coll. 210). It 214). Exactly one year later a taker meer was freed by Bocking to is clear from these entries that the vein continued in a westerly the east of the founder. Three years later the same man re-freed the direction from Hartle Moor (centred SK 162 806) to Hartle Dale founder at the mine possibly to secure his title on the vein.

65 Another vein noted on Hartle Moor was recorded in 1766 when Taker Meer East from their Old Founder in Hartle Dale Vein in Thomas Fox and John Bradwell gave one dish of ore to free a Hartle Dale Bottom (19/01/1754: Chats Bar Coll. 210). Almost Founder Meer in Blue Vein on the North Side of Hartle Moor one year later the same man freed a vein breaking out of the Old Vein at Outland Head (01/12/1766: Chats Bar Coll. 212). 1st taker meer east from the founder. Although un-clear this Almost two years later Thomas Fox freed a taker meer west could be the location of Hallam’s Venture Mine as noted on the from the founder. A later entry gives a more definite location Barmaster map. Several years later the following could give an for the vein ...Andrew Barber gave one dish of ore to free a alternative name for the mine ...William Bradwell gave one dish Founder Meer in the Old Blue Vein in George Hallam’s Croft at of ore to free a New North Break breaking out of Hartle Dale Outland Head (22/08/1778: Chats Bar Coll. 213). In 1786 two Old Vein at Furniss Engine in Hartle Dale (17/05/1758: Chats taker meers were freed to the west of the founder. The following Bar Coll. 211). A much later entry could be why the Barmaster adds some confusion to the location of the mine ...Robert names the mine Hallam’s Venture on his later map of Moss Elliott gave one dish of ore to free a 1st Taker Meer East from Rake ...Jacob Hallam gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Andrew Barber’s Old Founder in the Blue Vein on Southfield Meer in Moss Rake Old Vein in Hartle Dale (21/07/1804: Chats (13/06/1789: Chats Bar Coll. 214). It appears from this entry Bar Coll. 215). and the previous that the founder was located immediately to the west of the boundary (possibly marked by the minor road Continuing west along the vein, towards road, an from Outland Head to Newwall Nook) between Hartle Moor entry notes that in 1771 Robert Parramore gave one dish of ore and Southfield. The takers west of the founder lying in Hartle to free a New Break breaking Northwestwardly out of Sikes Old Moor with the taker east of the founder lying in Southfield. Founder on Moss Rake Old Vein (24/08/1771: Chats Bar Coll. Therefore the location of the mine is at approximately SK 167 212). This mine was located at SK 1539 8025 and is shown 808 at Outland Head. The name of the vein is possibly derived on the Barmaster’s map of the vein where it is noted as Sykes from the abundance of blue fluorspar that it contained. or Parramore Mine. The mine is recorded later in 1806 when Thomas Jeffrey gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in Slightly to the west and uphill from Outland Head is a mine the Moss Rake Old Vein on Mr. Dakin’s Middle Part West from only noted on one occasion by the Barmaster, in 1770 ...William Sykes Engine (09/08/1806: Chats Bar Coll. 215). Jeffrey at Ripper on Hartle Moor gave one dish of ore to free an Old North Vein being a Founder Meer in the said North Vein lying Lying to the west of Sykes Engine is Near Cross or Hall’s Old or Breaking Northwestwardly out of Hartle Moor Old Vein on Grove at SK 1522 8025 (Chats Bar Coll. 168). No definite Hartle Moor (06/02/1770: Chats Bar Coll. 212). The Barmaster freeings for this mine have been found within the Barmasters’ map (Chats Bar Coll. Sheet 23. (168)) shows the location of this books. Immediately to the west of Hall’s Old Grove at SK 1505 mine at SK 1633 8071 to the north of Hartle Moor Farm. No 8025 is Nether, Lower or Kitty Cross Grove (Chats Bar Coll. more entries have been located regarding definite freeings at 168). Again no definite entries have been found concerning this this mine. Lying to the immediate west of Ripper Mine is Windy mine. Incidentally Kitty Cross is a later miners’ name for the Mine. No later freeings have been found concerning the mine. mine (Rieuwerts, 1998b). Continuing westward along Moss The map noted above shows the location of Windy Mine at SK Rake, and to the west of the Batham Gate road, lies Upper Cross 1625 8065 on Hartle Moor. Grove located at SK 1495 8029. Continuing westwardly along Hartle Moor Vein (Moss Rake) the Definite entries concerning Cross Grove first appear in 1757 vein complex intersects the head of Hartle Dale. A mine located at which time Robert Middleton gave two dishes of ore. One in this vicinity is recorded in 1755 when the Barmaster notes to www.pdmhs.comfree a Founder Meer in Moss Rake Old Vein at Cross Grove that Robert Middleton gave one dish of ore to free a 4th Taker and the other to free a 1st Taker Meer East from the Founder Meer West from the Old Founder at the Bank Top (11/06/1755: (19/03/1757: Chats Bar Coll. 210). A later entry, of 1763, seems Chats Bar Coll. 210). Once again the above noted map shows to give the reason why the mine was also known as Hill’s Old Bank Top Mine at SK 161 806. No further entries concerning Grove ...Hugh Hill gave one dish of ore to free a 2nd Taker this mine have been found and from the date of the entry it is Meer West from the Old Founder at Cross Grove Moss Rake highly probable that the meers freed previously date fromfrom pre- (08/07/1763: Chats Bar Coll. 211). At what date the 1st taker 1752, before the surviving Barmaster Books commence. meer west from the founder was freed remains unknown. Six years after the above entry more ground was freed at the mine Branching from Hartle Moor Vein, in a south-west direction, by another member of the Hill family ...William Hill gave one and crossing the head of Hartle Dale to enter into Lamb Part dish of ore to free a 3rd Taker Meer West from the Old Founder alongside the minor Tideswell to Castleton road is a vein at Cross Grove on Moss Rake (22/04/1769: Chats Bar Coll. that can be positively identified from the details given by the 212). No further definite freeings have been found regarding Barmaster ...John Hallam gave one dish of ore to free a Founder this mine. Meer in an Old Vein on the South Side Hartle Dale Vein between there and the Lamb Part Wall and called it Nell I’ll Tickle Thee Closely adjacent to Upper Cross Grove is Hill’s Venture (Chats (03/10/1810: Chats Bar Coll. 215). This vein can be clearly seen Bar Coll. Sheet 23. (168)). The mine appears to be first recorded crossing Hartle Dale (Head) from north to south. On the northern by the Barmaster in 1765, although at this date the name Hill’s side of the dale hillocks still survive albeit slightly disturbed in Venture is not used, the entries noted could be concerning an parts (SK 1612 8051). In the immediate vicinity of the Lamb earlier period of the same mine ...Robert Andrew gave one dish Part Wall noted in the entry, amongst a small copse, further of ore to free a 1st Taker Meer East from Robert Hill’s Old untouched hillocks and hollows can be seen (SK 1607 8041). Founder on Moss Rake (24/08/1765: Chats Bar Coll. 211). At Incidentally Downloadedthe vein runs parallel to the Bradwell/Hazlebadge what date the founder was freed remains unknown but probably Liberty boundary where it crosses Hartle Dale (Head). pre-1752. From 1765 until 1770 four takers were freed to the east of the founder and in 1773 a single taker was freed to the Moss Rake. From the minor road noted above, in a westerly west of the founder. Later in 1806 the mine is definitely named direction the vein complex becomes known by the more familiar when the ground was re-freed ...Thomas Hill gave one dish of Moss Rake in the Barmasters’ entries. It is known by this name ore to free a Founder Meer in an Old Vein in Moss Rake Old until it traverses the Bradwell/Peak Forest Liberty boundary Vein West from George Middleton’s Croft on Mr. Dakin’s Upper at Broctor Lane Head in the west. Immediately to the west of Part called Hill’s Venture (04/10/1806: Chats Bar Coll. 215). the minor road (see above), amongst a small area of hillocks, From this date until 1809 two takers were freed to the west of a horse-gin circle and adjacent engine shaft survive along with the founder and in 1824 a further taker was freed to the west. a re-sited crushing stone (SK 1588 8059). These features are located at Hartle Dale Botham (Bottom) or Hallam’s Venture Continuing westward along Moss Rake is Raddlepitts Mine or Mine. This location is recorded in 1754, but a name for the mine Slack’s Old Founder at SK 1455 8012 (Chats Bar Coll. Sheet 23. is not given ...Isaac Morten gave one dish of ore to free a 4th (168)). One entry in 1777 has been found regarding freeing of

66 ground at this mine which confirms that the mine lay to the west of Upper Cross Grove and Hill’s Venture ...Thomas Middleton at Raddle Pitts gave one dish of ore to free a Taker Meer West from Robert Andrew’s Stake on Moss Rake Old Vein (06/09/1777: Chats Bar Coll. 213). It will be remembered that Robert Andrew was freeing ground at Hill’s Venture in 1765. Lying adjacent to Raddlepitts Mine was a mine called Moorcock, which is first recorded in 1803 when Robert Middleton gave two dishes of ore to free a Founder Meer in a Vein lying on the North Side of the Old Moss Rake at Raddlepitts and called the mine Moorcock (28/10/1803: Chats Bar Coll. 215). During 1813 and 1814, Robert Middleton freed a Lord’s Meer and 4 takers to the east of the founder at the mine. Located to the north of the above mines and to the south of Brunt Mine (see below) was Blue Bell Mine freed in 1843 ...Robert and Thomas Middleton gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in an Old Pipe Vein Share certificate for the Moss Rake Mining Company, Bradwell - 1864. lying on the North Side of Raddlepitts Mine (BCRA Collection, BGS, Nottingham), and on the South Side of Brunt Mine and called it Blue Bell (22/03/1843: Chats Bar Coll. 218). Several Founder Meer in an Old Pipe Vein at Brunt on the North Side months later a single taker was freed to the west of the founder. of Moss Rake and on the South Side of New Rake Bottom Vein Nothing else is recorded regarding the mine. From the evidence on the Upper Part belonging to Abraham Dakin (15/09/1815: given in the entry it is possible to approximately locate the mine Chats Bar Coll. 216). In 1816 Middleton freed a single meer at SK 1445 8022 on Bradwell Moor. The above noted Brunt to the west of the founder. A later entry, of 1843, records that Mine is located on the western range of a branch vein from the three meers had been freed to the east of the founder. No further main Moss Rake called New Rake. freeings are recorded for the mine. New Rake. This vein branches from the northern side of The engine shaft at Brunt Mine was descended by J.W. Puttrell, Moss Rake in the vicinity of the Near Cross and Nether Cross J. Elliott and J. Bradwell in early 1907. The shaft was found to Mines and trends in a generally westerly direction across bewww.pdmhs.com 162 feet or 27 fathoms in depth and led into the Brunt Pipe. Bradwell Moor to eventually rejoin with Cop Rake (itself a The nearby Marchington engine shaft was descended to a depth northern branch of Moss Rake) in the vicinity of Starvehouse of 240 feet or 40 fathoms and again led into a continuation of or New York Mine within Peak Forest Liberty at SK 129 801 the Brunt Pipe which in this area was noted as being about 6 feet (Heathcote, 2001). Much of the surface expression of this vein, in dimensions. The Brunt shaft was very narrow and not plumb, within Bradwell Liberty, as been obliterated by hillockers. A whereas the Marchington shaft was wider and perpendicular small portion remains intact at New Rake Bottom (SK 148 803) (Sheff. Arch. MD 1302/2. J. Rieuwerts pers comm.). and comprises un-touched hillocks, narrow stopes, remainsfrom of a coe, a small dressing floor and an adjacent water storage/buddle dam. Section of Brunt Mine, New Rake, Bradwell Moor. F. H. Brindley - 1945. (BCRA Collection, BGS, Nottingham). An un-named mine is recorded here in 1763, but it is not until 1766 that another mine located here is actually named Stephen Baird gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in an Old Pipe in the New Rake Bottom Old Vein and called it Forrester Venture (20/12/1766: Chats Bar Coll. 212). No more freeings are recorded for this particular mine. Robert Hallam freed a founder and three takers east at New Rake Bottom Old Vein in 1773-1774 (Chats, Bar Coll. 212). Further west Downloadedalong the vein from New Rake Bottom is the location of Dudding Mine at SK 1439 8035 (Chats Bar Coll. Sheet 23 (168)). No freeings have been found concerning this mine although Dudding Scrin features occasionally in the ore accounts and could be at the same location, although this is unclear. Immediately to the west of Dudding Mine is Brunt Mine (SK 1434 8035) which is noted in several instances by the Barmaster with the first entry occurring in 1815 ...John Middleton gave one dish of ore to free a

67 Returning to the main Moss Rake, lying to the west of and Bennett gave one dish of ore to free an Old Founder Meer at adjacent to Raddlepits Mine is Rake Head Mine or Hugh Grove. Simpson’s Hillocks near Brocktor Lane Head (30/07/1757: Entries for this mine are numerous and the Barmaster records Chats Bar Coll. 211). that in early 1753 John Slate gave one dish of ore to free a 1st Taker Meer West from the Founder at Mr. Joseph Clay’s Engine Over 30 years later two separate entries confirm that Moss in the Moss Rake Old Vein at Moss Rake Head (26/03/1753: Rake continues into this area. The Barmaster notes that Edward Chats Bar Coll. 210). From this date until 1767 four meers were Oldfield and John How gave one dish of ore to free a Founder freed to the west of the founder and three meers were freed to Meer in Moss Rake Old South Vein on the Brook Tor at Brook the east. Tor Lane Head (12/06/1788: Chats Bar Coll. 213). The location of Brook Tor noted here remains unknown. Slightly later more A branch vein that lies to the north of Rake Head Mine is first ground was freed which again notes Moss Rake ...William Bray noted in 1754 when Joseph Clay at Moss Rake Head Engine gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in Moss Rake Little gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in an Old Vein on Vein at Brook Tor Lane Head (19/07/1788: Chats Bar Coll. the North Side of Moss Rake Old Vein called the Little Rake 213). (17/10/1754: Chats Bar Coll. 210). In the following two years two meers were freed to the east of the founder by Joseph Clay. Immediately to the south of Brock Tor Lane Head is a patchwork In 1758 and 1759 a third taker was freed to the east of the of fields on Brood Low (centred SK 127 792). The Barmaster founder and a first taker was freed to the west of the founder by always called this area Broadlow. Located here are several short Daniel Royse on behalf of Mr. Clay. Later in 1763 Daniel Rose veins with only small isolated patches of hillocks remaining. (Royse?) freed the fourth and fifth taker meers to the east of the Although not apparent today these veins were southerly founder meer. The final entry of 1764 notes that Joseph Clay branches from Moss Rake South Vein. The Barmaster noted (by Benjamin Wragg) gave one dish of ore to free a 6th Taker in 1799 John Garlick gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer East from their Old Founder in the Little Rake Vein at Meer in an Old Vein on the Broadlow on Tideswell Common and Moss Rake Head (31/03/1764: Chats Bar Coll. 211). The exact called it Weavers Venture (07/03/1799: Chats Bar Coll. 214). No location of this vein remains unclear in relation to Rake Head further freeings are recorded for this mine. Mine but at SK 140 799 a small area of hillocks have survived the opencasting operations. These lie to the north of the main On Boxing Day 1809 the Barmaster was more specific in the Moss Rake and still contain a small diameter (filled) climbing details given about a named mine ...William Bray gave one dish shaft. The hillocks and shaft therein are probably located on the of ore to free a Founder Meer at the Old Broadlow Top on the Little Rake Vein. This vein, on the opposite side of the Tideswell/ Sun Side of Moss Rake Old Vein near Brock Tor Lane Head Edale track, becomes known as Cop Rake and it is feasible to on Tideswell Common and called it Bogard Hole (26/12/1809: suggest that on the Rake Head side of the track it was simply Chats Bar Coll. 215). One of the southerly branch veins of Moss called the Little Rake Vein. Two plans drawn in 1754 by Daniel Rake (surface expression partly removed) crosses the northern Rose (of Castleton) (DRO BSA LM/D/23 and LM/D/24/L. J. flank of Broadlow and then enters into Peak Forest Liberty at Rieuwerts pers comm.) seem to confirm the above suggestion. SK 1255 7929. Located here to the west of the Bradwell/Peak The plans are very detailed and of great interest. It is noted that Forest Liberty boundary wall, and in the latter liberty, is the site by this date the workings at Little Rake were at a depth of 92 of Bogard Hole Mine (Heathcote, 2001). It is highly likely that fathoms or 552 feet and well below the horizon of the Millers Bogard Hole Mine in Bradwell Liberty was located to the east Dale Lava or Great Clay. of www.pdmhs.comthe boundary wall at SK1269 7931. Moss Rake branches at Rake Head with the more northern branch In 1847 the Barmaster recorded another mine that could, known as Cop Rake. For clarity this vein will be described at the although not stated, be located somewhere on Broadlow ...John end of this section. Elliott gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in land belonging to George Goodwin and called it Mount Pleasant From Rake Head, Moss Rake continues to the west into an area (12/04/1847: Chats Bar Coll. 218). Two weeks later the same known as Clayton’s Ground (centred SK 138 797 ) (Chatsfrom Bar man freed a taker west from the founder at the mine. It could Coll. Sheet 23. (168)). Here the surface expression of the vein be coincidental that at SK 1245 7881 to the south of Broadlow remains virtually untouched with only minor re-working of the and alongside the A623 Chesterfield road at Hearne Stone Lane hillocks taking place many years ago. Only one reference to a Head is Mount Pleasant farm. mine at this locality as been found and dates from 1846 when William Clayton gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in Another vein is noted at this location which was recorded by an Old Mine in Ralph Blore’s field adjoining Rake Head Title the Barmaster in 1782 when William Bray gave one dish of ore West to be called Clayton’s Venture (28/06/1846: Chats Bar Coll. to free a Founder Meer in Knowles Rake at Hearne Stone Lane 218). Obviously the ground was named after this man. Head (26/07/1782: Chats Bar Coll. 213). Six years later James Hadfield re-freed a founder meer on Knowles Rake. In 1791 To the west of Clayton’s Ground, Moss Rake splits into two Thomas Bowman gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in separate veins. The more northerly terminates in the field to Knowles Rake Old Vein at the Wooden Stile (25/05/1791: Chats the south of Poverty (later Piece) Barn (SK 1340 7966). The Bar Coll. 214). Later, in 1816, the Barmaster is more specific in southerly vein proceeds to the north of Brocktor Dam (SK the details given ...Mr. Francis Bagshaw gave one dish of ore 1311 7939) and enters into the area known as Brook Tor or to free a Founder Meer in an Old Vein West of Hearne Stone more commonly Brocktor Lane Head (centred SK 129 794). Lane Head called Wooden Stile (08/05/1816: Chats Bar Coll. From here it Downloadedcontinues across the Bradwell/Peak Forest Liberty 216) and finally in 1823 Daniel Mellor gave one dish of ore to boundary and terminates abruptly on contact with the Peak free a Founder Meer in an Old Vein on Mr. Drinkwater’s Part Forest dolerite sill at SK 1231 7925 (Heathcote, 2001). At near Hearne Stone Lane Head in the Knowles Rake or Wooden Brock Tor Lane Head, Moss Rake develops into a complex area Stile Vein and called it Thorn Tree (19/09/1823: Chats Bar Coll. of small interconnecting veins and scrins that make the location 216). of individual mines impossible to identify. Although no location is given it appears that an earlier entry The Bradwell Barmaster first records the freeing of ground here concerns the same vein ...William Hill gave one dish of ore to in 1752 and notes that William Wiatt gave one dish of ore to free free an Old Founder Meer in Knowles Rake and called it Worlds a Founder Meer in Brocktor Old Vein at Brocktor Lane Head End (27/07/1764: Chats Bar Coll. 211). The exact location of (14/10/1752: Chats Bar Coll. 210). Just over a year later a taker this vein remains unclear but at SK1253 7858 to the south of meer was freed to the east of the founder at this location. It is Dam Cliff and west of Hearne Stone Lane Head a short length clear that workings on the vein pre-date 1752. It is not until 1757 of vein survived alongside a field boundary wall. The surface that a named mine is recorded by the Barmaster when Richard expression of the vein was totally removed in c2005 during

68 www.pdmhs.com

Fig. 4: The principal lead mines located on the western range of Moss Rake situated on Bradwell Moor and Brocktor Lane Head (Derbyshire maps IX-16 and XV-4. Courtesy of Digitalfrom Archives Association, Warrington). Fig. 5: Lead veins in Bradwell Dale located to the south of Bradwell (Derbyshire maps X-13 and X-14. Courtesy of Digital Archives Association, Warrington).

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69 agricultural ‘improvements’. This could have been Knowles A short distance down dale, and on the eastern side, is a natural Rake or Wooden Stile Vein. cave that was almost certainly discovered by a lead miner, this being Walker’s Grotto (SK 1730 8056). In October 1920, Cop Rake. This large vein branches from the northern side of T. Burrows of the Hills, Bradwell, whilst digging for lead Moss Rake in the vicinity of Rake Head Mine and trends westward ore in a quarry at Bradwell Dale, discovered the cavern. The across a ridge of high ground to continue to Cop Round (SK Barmaster was contacted and Burrows queried I have not come 1305 8005). From here it trends down the steep hillside passing to the actual Ore, but have discovered a very fine cavern. Can through a small portion of Castleton Liberty and enters Peak I claim it? (06/10/1920: Chats Bar Coll. 300 (1)). The obvious Forest Liberty at Starvehouse Mine to eventually join Oxlow entrance to this cave soon closes down to a short stooping height Rake near Bank Top Mine (SK 1265 8005) (Heathcote, 2001). passage that enters a large natural chamber that was once richly Although the workings on Cop Rake in Bradwell Liberty have decorated with flowstone formations (Beck and Gill, 1991). ancient origins dating to at least the 13th century the Barmaster The entrance passage is driven along a calcite vein which is did not record mines here until 1754 at which time Daniel visible in the walls and roof. This passage trends in a generally Bradley gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer called north-east direction into the eastern side of the dale. The recent the Sheep Hole Grove in the Cop Rake Old Vein (07/12/1754: explorations in Burton Pingle and Walker’s Grotto have revealed Chats Bar Coll. 210). Later in 1765 Daniel Bradley freed a 1st that they are both located on the same vein system. Rieuwerts taker east from the founder at Sheep Hole Grove. In 1773 the (2007) speculates that Bradwell Edge Mine (SK 178 807), to the mine appears to have been designated a different name when east of the dale at the foot of Bradwell Edge, could be located Peter Furniss at Cop Grove gave one dish of ore to free a 2nd on, or near to, this vein as it continues in an eastwardly direction. Taker Meer East from Daniel Bradley’s Old Founder in the The evidence submitted here agrees with his speculation. Cop Rake in Richard Hill’s Part (01/10/1773: Chats Bar Coll. 212). Surprisingly these are the only entries concerning freeing Bradwell Edge Mine was noted on several instances by the of ground on this major vein during the period consulted. The Barmaster, initially starting in 1772 when Isaac Morten for Mr. Barmasters have recorded many more mines in the Books of Joseph Clay at Pigg Tor End Sough gave one dish of ore to free Entries which are listed in Appendix 1. a Founder Meer in a New Vein called Bradwell Edge Mine in Bradwell Edge (27/08/1772: Chats Bar Coll. 212). From this The veins located in Bradwell Dale to the south of Bradwell date until 1779 a total of 3 taker meers west from the founder village and their probable connection to Bradwell Edge Mine and Lords Meer were freed at the mine. The meers terminated Bradwell Dale is a typical limestone dale with smaller tributary at the Bradwell/Hazlebadge Liberty boundary, to the south-east dales to the south, Stanlow Dale and Green Dale. The dale of the Hills, Bradwell. It is clear from the above entry that the is characterised by high limestone cliffs on either side of the vein was discovered, at depth within the limestone, when it was B6049 Tideswell to Bradwell road. The cliffs are largely man- intersected by the miners driving Pic Tor End Sough. Today the made being the remains of several limestone quarries that were site of the mine is the location of Edge Cottage (SK 178 807) opened within the dale in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, which appears to be built on the old mine hillock. one of the chief proprietors being Luther Morten from Bradwell (Barnatt, 2007). The Bradwell/Hazlebadge Liberty boundary In 1827, the Barmaster entered a freeing for an un-located conveniently truncates the dale in its mid-section with Bradwell mine situated within Bradwell Dale ...Edward Somersett, John Liberty in the northern part and Hazlebadge Liberty in the Bradwell, George Maltby and John Maltby gave two dishes of southern part. The southern section of the dale is crossed from ore to free a Founder Meer in a New Pipe situate in Widow east to west by the eastern range of Hills Rake but this is within Hall’swww.pdmhs.com Piece in Bradwell Dale and called it Edwards Dream Hazlebadge Liberty and not discussed in this current paper. (13/06/1827: Chats Bar Coll. 217). No further freeings concern Several natural caves exist within the Bradwell Liberty part of this mine within the dale. the dale, namely Bradwell Parish Cave, Bradwell Dale Cave and Walker’s Grotto (Beck and Gill, 1991). The possible connection Another un-located mine is noted in the ore accounts initially of the mines in Bradwell Dale with Bradwell Edge Mine, to the in 1804 but later again in the 1850s, this being Fowter, Footer east of the dale, is also discussed. fromor Fouter Scrin. The mine is recorded in 1890 by the Barmaster ...Footer Scrin on the West Side of Bradwell Dale being three On several occasions the Barmasters have recorded freeings meers to the Hazlebadge Liberty wall (Chats Bar Coll. 223). concerning veins within Bradwell Dale, the first of which dates From the sparse details given it is possible that this vein was from 1777, at which time Daniel Furniss and William Atkinson located in close proximity to Burton Pingle Vein but has been gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in Burton Pingle removed by later quarrying activities. Nearby, natural Bradwell Old Vein in Bradwell Dale (04/10/1777: Chats Bar Coll. 213). Parish Cave (SK 1725 8062) contains no evidence of mining. Before quarrying partly removed the western side of the dale in this vicinity, a field located here was known as Burton Pingle, The minor veins to the southwest of Bradwell village (Lamb and is shown on a map of Bradwell Liberty dating from 1807 Part and Berristall) (Sheff. Arch. Oakes Deeds 1222. J. Barnatt pers comm.). The This area of the liberty has also seen intense mining activity. vein noted would have ranged westwardly from the dale and Unfortunately, similar to areas already discussed, this area has beneath this field. No later entries have been located concerning also suffered badly at the hands of the hillockers and opencast this mine. The modern (lidded) entrance to this mine lies in the miners. Virtually all of the surface features on Shuttle Rake and bottom of Morton’s quarry at SK 1715 8052 on the western its associated veins have been removed and the area restored. On side of the dale and was presumably discovered when the a more positive note the complex of veins on Lamb Part appear quarry workersDownloaded broke into the top of a stope located on the vein. to have been untouched. The field wall that runs parallel to the The calcite dominated vein can be seen running up the quarry Castleton-Tideswell minor road and marks the eastern boundary face in a buttress that appears to have been left in-situ by the of Lamb Part and Berristall is also the boundary between former quarry workers to avoid contamination of the worked Bradwell and Hazlebadge private liberty. The powerful Hill or limestone (Barnatt, 2007). Recent explorations within the mine Hill’s (Hell, Earl) Rake, with a generally east-west orientation, (T. Worthington, J. Barnatt and J. Beck, summer 2007) have is contained almost entirely within the latter liberty. At SK 1599 revealed that the main accessible passage leads back towards 8003 adjacent to the Froghole and Chance Mines this vein passes the dale side in a north-east direction. It is highly likely that into Bradwell Liberty and continues through Walker Grove (SK the original entrance to the mine was located alongside the later 1545 7971), Windy Knoll Mine (SK 1533 7972) and Woodcock B6049 road, but has been subsequently lost because of the later Mine (SK 1505 7955) before joining Shuttle Rake. This will be quarrying operations that have altered the dale side. To the west discussed below within the sub-section covering Shuttle Rake. of Hungry Lane at SK 1709 8052, small hillocks and a possible shaft survive within a field on the westerly continuation of the The Barmaster has made several entries concerning Hill Rake vein. within Bradwell Liberty, with the first noted in 1753 ...George

70 How gave one dish of ore to free a 2nd Taker Meer West from their Old Founder in Hell Rake North Vein on Berristall (19/05/1753: Chats Bar Coll. 210). Later in the same year and in early 1754 George How freed a further two takers west from the founder. When he freed the founder is not recorded so it was therefore presumably pre- 1752 when detailed records begin. Three years later another piece of ground was freed by William Hamilton again on Hell Rake. Later in 1770 two miners, Robert Cooper and John Bradwell, freed founders on Hill Rake Old Vein on Berristow. John Bradwell freed more ground on the vein and in this instance the Barmaster has been more specific in the details given ...John Bradwell gave one dish of ore to free a ½ Meer lying East from William Hamilton’s 1st Taker Meer East from his Old Founder on Hills Rake above Berristow Wall. N.B. A Primgapp betwixt the East End of the ½ Meer and the Wall which parts the Kingsfield and Haslebadge Liberty of about 3 ½ Yards in length (17/09/1773: Chats Bar Coll. 212). From this entry it is clear that John Bradwell and William Hamilton were working the portion of Hill Rake Explorer descending the Shuttle Rake Engine Shaft near Berristall Lodge to the west of the liberty boundary wall at SK 1599 Farm, Bradwell Moor. Photo: unknown - n.d. 8003. This area was later the site of Chance and (BCRA Collection, BGS, Nottingham). Froghole Mines. Many years later, in 1788, John Bradwell freed ground to the west of William Plan and Section of Shuttle Rake Mine near Berristall Lodge Farm, Hamilton’s Founder ...John Bradwell gave one dish Bradwell Moor. J. C. Gilbert - 1948. of ore to free a 2nd Taker Meer West from William (BCRA Collection. BGS, Nottingham). Hamilton’s Old Founder on Hill Rake on Berristall (16/02/1788: Chats Bar Coll. 213). This man was still freeing ground on Hill Rake in the mid-1790s when he gave two dishes of ore. One dish to free a Founder Meer in an Old Vein on the North Side of Hills Rake Old Vein on Berristow and the other to free a 1st Taker Meer West from the Founder (14/07/1795: Chats Bar Coll. 214). In early 1796 he again freed ground at this location but at this time the mine was named ...John Bradwell gave www.pdmhs.com one dish of ore to free a 1st Taker Meer East from the Old Founder in the Old Vein called Roarer at Chance on Hill Rake (20/02/1796: Chats Bar Coll. 214). Several months later a slight change to the mines name is noted ...John Bradwell gave two dishes of ore to free a Meer of Ground in a Vein from called the North Part of Hills Rake Old Vein at Chance (08/07/1796: Chats Bar Coll. 214). Another member of the Bradwell family freed a mine within this area, in 1804, and coupled with a later entry of 1826 it indicates that Hill Rake was located to the south of Lamb Part ...William Bradwell gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in the Old Vein on the South Side of Lamb Part at the Top of Lamb Croft and called it Lively Hood (27/10/1804: Chats Bar Coll. 215) and William Bradwell gave one dish of ore to free a 1st Taker Meer East from the Old Founder at Lively Hood North of Hills Rake above Berristow Croft (11/11/1826:Downloaded Chats Bar Coll. 217). An earlier entry records a mine that must have been located close to Lively Hood Mine ...William, John and George Bradwell gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in the North East corner of Over Berristow Croft North of Hills Rake Old Vein in Mr. George Barnsley’s Field and called it House Venture (24/05/1814: Chats Bar Coll. 216). Returning to Chance Mine (SK 1599 8003) located immediately to the west of the Bradwell/Hazlebadge Liberty boundary, on Hill Rake, another mine is noted to the west of Chance Mine. Unfortunately its exact location cannot be given ...George Maltby

71 Fig. 6: The principal lead mines located on Berristow and Shuttle Rakes situated to the south-west of Bradwell (Derbyshire map X-13. Courtesy of Digital Archives Association, Warrington). gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in an Old Sun Vein gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in an Old Vein at a Mine called Black Rock on Hadfield’s Moorpiece beyond on Berristow Rake and called it Fidlers Turnore (01/01/1757: the Chance Mine more West (27/01/1816: Chats Bar Coll. 216). Chats Bar Coll. 210). It is highly likely that these two mines werewww.pdmhs.com adjacent to one another or in very close proximity. A turn Branching from Hill Rake on Berristall, and ranging to the west, is an internal shaft leading down from one level to a deeper is Scrin Rake (centred SK 155 798). This vein is first definitely sub-level in a mine (Rieuwerts, 1998a). It is possible that the noted in 1767 when William Ryder gave one dish of ore to free name turnore, as used in the above entry, indicates ore that has an Old Founder Meer in Scrin Rake at Slack Top (13/05/1767: been obtained whilst sinking an internal shaft. In the following Chats Bar Coll. 212). The vein is recorded later in 1770, 1771, June, Middleton freed a taker meer to the east from the founder, 1773, 1780 and 1781 but on these occasions it is notedfrom as being although it is not stated at which of the above mines this was located on Berristow and the details are lacking. It is not until done. Berristow Rake is not recorded, by name, after this date, April 1817 that a name is given for the mine ...William Oldfield although the above noted sketch plan (Chats Bar Coll.) records gave two dishes of ore. One dish for New and the other dish for that, from east to west on the vein, are located Daily Bread (SK Old to free a Founder Meer at Scrin Rake called What you Please 1599 7987), Inkerman (SK 1591 7988) and Cheetham’s Venture (17/04/1817: Chats Bar Coll. 216). Almost one year later an (SK 1575 7985) Mines. entry highlights that not only do mine names sometimes change with different ownership, but in this instance, an actual meer of Many more mines are recorded in the patchwork of fields ground was given a different title. This is one of the problems (centred SK 156 802) that cover the area known as Lamb Part. confronting mining historians when compiling research data The first named mine is noted in 1753 ...Robert Hallam gave and can often lead to great confusion. The entry under question one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in an Old Vein on the is the following regarding What you Please Mine on Scrin Rake South Side of the Lamb Part and called it Spectecle Founder ...Richard Cheetham gave one dish of ore to free a 1st Taker (15/09/1753: Chats Bar Coll. 210). Almost three years later, in Meer East from William Oldfield’s Old Founder called What May 1756, a taker meer was freed to the east of the founder. you Please at Scrin Rake and called it Shoe Makers Venture From the details given the mine was probably situated close to (28/03/1818:Downloaded Chats Bar Coll. 216). the wall alongside Lamb Part Lane. Situated immediately to the south of Hill Rake and Scrin Rake In 1754 another mine is noted when George How gave one dish on Berristall is Berristow or Beristow Rake (centred SK 159 of ore to free a Founder Meer in an Old Vein called Parlour 799). This vein appears to be a branch vein which diverges from Vein in the Lamb Part (13/07/1754: Chats Bar Coll. 210). Shuttlerake in Intake Dale at SK 164 797 within Hazlebadge This vein also known as Parlo Vein, similar to the previously Liberty. From this point the vein trends westwardly to connect named vein, was obviously worked before 1752 when the extant with Hill Rake on Berristall at SK 1575 7985. An un-dated sketch records become available. Parlour Vein is again noted in 1764 plan (Chats Bar Coll.) shows the rake on Berristall and names ...John Hamilton gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer it as Beristow Rake. This vein was first noted by the Barmaster in an Old Scrin on Lamb Part on the North Side of Parlo Vein in 1756 when Robert Middleton of Ashford gave one dish of ore (08/09/1764: Chats Bar Coll. 211). Just over one month later the to free a Founder Meer in an Old Vein on Berristow Rake in the mine is mentioned again ...Christopher Morten and John Wragg Lamb Part and called it Fidlers Founder (30/10/1756: Chats gave one dish of ore to free a 1st Taker Meer West from John Bar Coll. 210). At the very start of the following year Robert Hamilton’s Old Founder in the Scrin on the Lamb Part on the Middleton freed more ground at this location ...Robert Middleton North Side of Parlo Vein (27/10/1764: Chats Bar Coll. 211).

72 On the same day another mine was freed on the Lamb Part on Hill Rake to the north of Daily Bread Mine and not to the ...Robert Townsley gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer southwest as noted. Nevertheless the entries coupled with in an Old Scrin on the Lamb Part and called it Have at All previous references indicate that all of the mines were located (27/10/1764: Chats Bar Coll. 211). No more ground appears to within the same vicinity, as follows: Lads Venture SK 1592 have been freed at the mine. 7999, Daily Bread SK 1599 7992, Walkers Grove or Moorcock SK 1545 7982, Windy Knowle or Knoll or Peveril SK 1539 Two years later another un-identified mine was noted by the 7971, Scrin Rake or Hodkin Mine SK 1574 7994 and Black Barmaster as being located on Lamb Part ...Adam Hallom gave Rock Mine SK 1565 7985. Black Rock Mine could be an one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in an Old Vein on the alternative name for Cheethams Venture. Incidentally during Lamb Part and called it Luck (10/07/1766: Chats Bar Coll. 212). open casting operations in the vicinity of Windy Knoll Mine a In the following year a ½ meer of ground was freed to the east of partially damaged gritstone crushing stone was found. The stone the founder meer at the mine. has B & Co 1842 carved into one face. The stone was built into a stone plinth (SK 1539 7971) alongside the track to Berristall In 1771 a vein was freed that could be an earlier reference to Lodge farm by members of PDMHS. In very close proximity to Roarer at Chance Mine recorded at a later date in 1796 ...Francis this feature at SK 1519 7968 is a large rectangular stone built Fox gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in Roarer Old structure, which could have served for water storage for ore Vein on the Lamb Part (31/08/1771: Chats Bar Coll. 212). dressing operations. It is solidly constructed and is buttressed both internally and externally (Rieuwerts, 1998b). Likewise the following could be associated with the earlier noted Fidlers Founder and Fidlers Turnore dating from 1756 Shuttle Rake and associated veins and 1757 respectively ...Thomas Middleton gave one dish of ore The history of this vein can be traced back to the mid-17th to free a Founder Meer in an Old Vein on the Lamb Part and century (Rieuwerts, 1998b), but undoubtedly the workings, called it Fidlers Venture (08/07/1796: Chats Bar Coll. 214). on this major vein complex, must have ancient origins. The eastern portion of the vein lies within Hazlebadge Liberty and In the year following the last entry, another mine was freed on ranges in a generally east-west direction from the southern flank the Lamb Part and from the sparse details it is impossible to give of Hazlebadge Hill (centred SK 175 801), along the southern an exact location reference ...Thomas Hillton gave one dish of flank of Intake Dale (centred SK 166 798), and after entering ore to free a Founder Meer in an Old Vein on the Lamb Part and Bradwell Liberty at SK 160 796 it continues to Shuttle Rake called it Godspeed (28/10/1797: Chats Bar Coll. 214). Later in Head (SK 146 793) and beyond to Shuttle Rake Holmes (SK 1806 and 1809 two takers were freed to the west of the founder 143 791) to eventually terminate abruptly on contact with the at the mine. Upper Millers Dale Lava. In Intake Dale the lava was noted as being at a depth of 52 fathoms within the shaft and that it had a Slightly earlier in 1805 a mine was freed at the top of the Lamb thickness of 24-25 fathoms, with the top portion being very soft Part known as Lamb Part Head ...Robert, William and Robert and crumbly (Carruthers and Strahan, 1923). Bocking jnr. and Thomas Wragg gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in an Old Vein in the Lamb Part Head and called The vein was first mentioned by the Barmaster in 1752 and it Brisk (12/03/1805: Chats Bar Coll. 215). The exact location of concerns one of the principal mines located on its range ...Shuttle this mine is uncertain but the Ordnance Survey 1898 25 inches Rake Engine Partners (by Matthew Eyley) gave one dish of to 1 mile map (Derbyshire sheet X-13) shows a line of hillocks ore to free a 2nd Taker Meer West from their Old Founder in at what could logically be described as Lamb Part Head (centred thewww.pdmhs.com Shuttle Rake Old Vein (02/12/1752: Chats Bar Coll. 210). SK 148 799). Obviously the founder was freed pre-1752. From the above date to 1754 a further three meers were freed to the west of the Several years later the Barmaster recorded another mine situated founder. Later in 1760 a Mr. Beech was working at the mine and to the west of the above mine ...Isaac Middleton gave one dish of in 1765 Shuttle Rake Engine was stated to be 19 meers west of ore to free a 1st Taker Meer West from the Old Founder at Blithe the Bradwell/Hazlebadge Liberty boundary giving its location on Beristow on Mr. Shepheardson’s Part West from Lambfrom Part at SK 1549 7945 and all in the possession of Mr. Joseph Clay Head in the Pipper Vein (18/02/1809: Chats Bar Coll. 215). of Sheffield (Rieuwerts, 1998b). In the previous year to this entry a mine is noted in the same On the same date Mr. Clay had possessions on Dutchman Vein, vicinity ...Thomas Maltby and Henry Hill gave one dish of ore a branch vein of Shuttle Rake and an earlier entry could be a to free a Founder Meer in an Old Vein called Golden Rake reference to this vein ...Aaron Rodgers gave one dish of ore to in Wicken Slack on Berristow on Mr. Shepheardson’s Land free a Founder Meer in an Old Vein called Dutchman’s Venture (27/10/1808: Chats Bar Coll. 215). on Beristow (14/03/1761: Chats Bar Coll. 211). Much later, in 1844, a mine is recorded that can be positively West, and uphill, from Shuttle Rake Engine the vein ranges located and also this particular entry refers to two previously through land known as Shuttle Rake Head (centred SK 146 mentioned mines located both on Hill Rake and Berristow Rake 793). Mines in this location are noted on many occasions, the ...Joel and John Bradwell and Thomas Hill gave one dish of ore first dating from 1753 when Robert Willson gave one dish of to free an Old Vein ranging South West from Daily Bread Mine ore to free a Founder Meer in an Old Vein called Shuttle Rake to Scrin Rake Mine in the late Thomas Bagshawe’s Common Old Vein near Shuttle Rake Head (01/03/1753: Chats Bar Coll. Piece and called it Lads Venture (22/05/1844: Chats Bar Coll. 210). 217). Downloaded Several years later another mine is recorded in this locality Likewise the following entry, of a few months later, refers to four ...Daniel Hill and Godfrey Fox gave one dish of ore to free a of the previously noted mines situated within the area ...Thomas Founder Meer in an Old Scrin breaking Southwestwardly out Middleton gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in an of the Shuttle Rake Old Vein at Shuttle Rake Head (03/12/1759: Old Rake Vein at Walkers Grove in land belonging to Thomas Chats Bar Coll. 211). This particular mine is not noted again Bagshawe’s Exors. and William Shepheardson at the East End until over twenty years later in 1780 when George Willson gave of Windy Knowle Mine and at the West End of Scrin Rake or one dish of ore to free a 2nd Taker Meer West from Godfrey Hodkin Mine and South or Southwest of Black Rock Mine and Fox’s Old Founder on Shuttle Rake (19/08/1780: Chats Bar called the mine Moorcock (02/08/1844: Chats Bar Coll. 217). Coll. 213). At what date the 1st taker west from the founder was freed remains unknown but another taker meer was freed to the The first of these entries throws some confusion as to the west at the start of 1784. locations of several of the mines mentioned. The sketch plan, noted above (Chats Bar Coll.), shows Lads Venture Mine lying

73 to have been located at SK 1549 7945. Although the surrounding area of the rake has been levelled the capped engine shaft still survives. In early 1753 an engine called Mr Clay’s Engine is noted at Moss Rake Head and is named after the owner of the mine Joseph Clay of Sheffield. Similar to the above engine on Shuttle Rake the area on Moss Rake Head has also been levelled but the engine shaft still survives capped by a huge limestone boulder ‘plug’ at SK 143 800. Later in the 1760s this also became known as Hugh Hill Engine or Rake Head Engine. Two years later, in March 1755, an engine is noted at Outland Head on Hartle Moor at SK 166 808. This Fig. 7: The western range of Shuttle Rake situated near The Holmes area has also suffered the ravages of opencast mining on Tideswell Moor (Derbyshire map XV-4. Courtesy of Digital Archives and quarrying operations and the engine shaft no Association, Warrington). longer survives. Lying to the east from Outland Head an engine is Further west from Shuttle Rake Head the rake crosses the rough recorded on Southfield in late 1756 at which time it was known lane known as Edale Road which marks the boundary between as Ellis Marshall’s Engine. Similar to the above no trace of Bradwell and Tideswell Liberty, and continues for several this engine or shaft survives and its exact location remains hundred yards to terminate abruptly on contact with the Upper uncertain. Millers Dale Lava. This portion of the rake has also suffered the ravages of the hillockers’ activities but a small length of Two years later, in May 1758 an engine, called Furniss Engine, the surface expression of the vein survives at SK 143 791 on is recorded on Moss Rake within Hartle Dale. It is possible, the extreme western range of the vein. This area was known as from the evidence given above, that this engine was located at Shuttle Rake Holmes presumably after the nearby Holmes Farm the later named Hallam’s Venture or Hartle Dale Bottom Mine (SK 1401 7919). This portion of the vein is recorded on several at SK 1595 8055. The gin race (circle) and capped engine shaft instances by the Barmaster. In 1762 he noted that James Hill still survive at this location. Incidentally this is the last survival gave one dish of ore to free an Old Founder in Shuttle Rake Old of such features on the entire length of Moss Rake, which at one Vein in the Holmes at Shuttle Rake Head (16/10/1762: Chats Bar time had a total of 14 gin circles located at separate mine sites Coll. 211). Many years later the vein is mentioned again ...Ellis (Jim Rieuwerts pers comm.). and George Middleton gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in an Old Vein on the Duke of Norfolk’s Piece in Shuttle Bennett Engine noted in 1761 was located on Moss Rake, but its Rake Holmes and called it Free Hold Venture (12/07/1823: exact location remains unknown at the present time. Chats Bar Coll. 216). As stated earlier the extreme western part of Shuttle Rake is situated within Tideswell Liberty and the Manywww.pdmhs.com years later, in August 1806, another engine is recorded reason why it is noted by the Bradwell Barmaster is given in the on Moss Rake called Sykes Engine. The location of Sykes Mine following entry ...William and Hugh Oldfield gave one dish of (also known as Parramore after Robert Parramore) was at SK ore to free a Founder Meer in Shuttle Rake Holmes called Luck 154 803 to the east of the Batham Gate road. Nothing remains at if it be thy Will in the Hamlet of Tideswell and Wheston but in the site of this mine today. the Mineral Liberty of Bradwell’(30/07/1844: Chats Bar Coll. 218). fromLater in 1840 an engine called Gautris Low Engine is recorded. The exact location of this engine on Gawtry Low, to the north of Hydrology and Soughs Bradwell village, remains unknown. It is known that numerous drainage soughs were driven from the Bradwell Brook to un-water the major veins lying to the In 1842 Cheetham’s Engine (later Windy Mine) on Moss Rake west of the village. One, the Pictor or Pigtor End Sough, was is noted by the Barmaster. Once again the area has suffered driven to drain the mines in the Hazlebadge area to the south of greatly from opencast mining and hillocking and all remains of the village. Several soughs were also driven in the Nunlow and this feature have been removed. However an excellent section of Coates area to the northwest of the village. These artificial drains the mine (PDMHS library, Jim Rieuwerts pers comm.) compiled had a great impact on the hydrology of the area, especially to the in late 1937 and early 1938 by S. Davison of Sheffield, shows west of the village, beneath Bradwell Moor. The technological the engine shaft at the mine was 300 feet in depth to a series and historical details of each of the soughs in Bradwell Liberty of stopes and headings driven east-west on Moss Rake. A has been recently published by Rieuwerts (2007). level driven westwardly from the shaft, at 300 feet depth, for a distance of 100 feet ends at a roof fall but is noted as being Engines well built and roofed and the mud floor contained imprints The term ‘engine’ in this mining context indicates that a horse- of miner’s boots. Initials (unspecified) and the date 1859 are powered windingDownloaded engine or gin was located at the surface of the carved near the entrance to the level along with the carved ‘No mine to wind material from a deep engine shaft. The Bradwell 18‘, although what this specifies is unknown. Artifacts found Barmasters have noted these on numerous occasions in their during the survey were a rusted miners drinking can and two entries for freeings. They are included here for ease of reference. rusted iron wheels in the level. It should be noted that the dates given for each of the engines is the earliest recorded by the Barmasters and that they may The ore accounts record that Isaac Morten’s Engine and Nether be older. Many mines, certainly on the larger rakes and to a Engine were located in Hartle Dale. It is possible that these are lesser extent on the smaller veins, would have been equipped alternative names for Furniss Engine at Hartle Dale Bottom or with horse gins and it is highly likely that some of these have Hallam’s Venture Mine on Nether Moss Rake at SK 1595 8055, gone unrecorded. although this is uncertain. The first entry concerning an engine dates from December During the latter part of the 19th century several mines had 1752 and records that an engine was located on Shuttle Rake on steam powered engines installed at the surface. Berristall. This engine is now known, by evidence given above,

74 In 1869 and early 1870 an engine was installed at Outland Head 1841 - Edwin Barber (23), killed in Bank Top Mine, Bradwell. Mine adjacent to the No. 3 Shaft of the Bradwell Co-operative Bank Top Mine is located on Hartle Moor Rake/Vein (Moss Mining Company. This horizontal steam powered winding and Rake) on Hartle Moor. He was probably a member of this large pumping engine was made by Davey Brothers of Sheffield at family who were involved in mines throughout the liberty. This a cost of £518. The cylinder had a diameter of 12 inches and it man’s demise was caused by the falling of a large stone from the was rated at 12 HP (Rieuwerts, 2007). side of the vein and pressing him upon a pick helve (Chats Bar Coll. 217). In 1877 an engine was delivered to Wortley Mine on the extreme eastern range of Moss Rake. Little is known regarding 1844 - Samuel Wright (29), killed by a stone at Outland Head this engine but it was possibly a small portable steam winder Mine, Bradwell. Like the above, Outland Head Mine is located (Rieuwerts, 1998b). on Hartle Moor Vein (Moss Rake) but further to the east than the previous mine. In 1841 Samuel Wright is simply noted as living Miners, Mines, Veins and Locations in Bradwell (1841 census returns. D. Williams pers comm.). For ease of reference a list of miners names, the mines and veins that they freed, and the location of these (if known) appears in 1845 - Thomas Middleton, killed in Raddlepits Mine, Bradwell. Appendix 1. They are listed in the order that they appear in the This man, again a member of a large mining family, worked Barmasters’ Books of Entries covering the years 1752 to 1866. in mines on Moss Rake, Berristall and Long Rake. In 1844 he As usual in Bradwell Liberty, similar to all other mining liberties freed ground at Raddlepits Mine, situated to the west of the within the Derbyshire orefield, certain families predominate Batham Gate road, on Moss Rake. Similar to the above, this and are actively freeing ground in many separate areas of the man is recorded as living in Bradwell in 1841 (1841 census liberty over many years. However some mining families appear returns. D. Williams pers comm.). to have concentrated their efforts in a small area of the liberty (e.g. Jackson in the Dirty Half Acres area). It must be stated that 1854 - Isaac Morten (21), killed by falling down shaft of Ripper the persons listed are only a small percentage of all the miners Mine, Bradwell. Ripper Mine was located on Hartle Moor Vein working within the liberty during the period noted. (Moss Rake) on Hartle Moor. This man was probably a member of this mining family who were involved in mines on Moss Rake Appendix 2 lists mines and veins that are noted in the ore and Berristall. In 1851 he was residing at Smithy Hill, Bradwell accounts only. (1851 census returns. D. Williams pers comm.). Fatalities in the Mines 1857 - Abraham Middleton (36), killed in Scrin Rake Mine, The lead mines within Bradwell Liberty, like elsewhere in the Bradwell. Scrin Rake Mine was situated on Berristall. It is most Derbyshire orefield, were hazardous places to work. Evans likely that this man was related to Thomas Middleton killed at (1912) compiled a summary list of such occurrences in Bradwell Raddlepits Mine in 1845. He resided at Small Dale, Bradwell in Ancient and Modern which concerned miners killed in mines in 1851 (1851 census returns. D. Williams pers comm.). the northern part of the orefield. The intervening years, with further archival research, have enabled the current writer to 1857 - Richard Andrew, killed at Bird Mine, Bradwell. Bird elaborate on some of the details given by Evans concerning mine Mine is on Long Rake on Bradwell Moor. Nothing further is fatalities within Bradwell Liberty. It is from his original list that known about this man. the following is compiled with, some, additional information from the Chatsworth Barmaster Collection and census returns 1870www.pdmhs.com - Isaac Middleton (49), Smalldale, killed in ‘Co-op’ Mine, of 1841, 1851, 1861 & 1871 (Dave Williams pers comm.). Bradwell. It is probable that this man was a relation of the Middletons recorded above. The ‘Co-op’ Mine is a reference to 1786 - William Cheetham, Bradwell, killed in a Moss Rake mine. the Bradwell Co-Operative Mining Company who amalgamated It is highly probable that this man was killed at Joseph Wright’s several titles on the eastern range of Moss Rake from the Yeld to Founder on Hartle Moor Vein (Moss Rake) on Hartle fromMoor. Outland Head in the late 1800s (J. Rieuwerts pers comm.). May 1827 - George Maltby of Bradwell, killed at Sykes Engine 1871 - Isaac Middleton (43), Smalldale, killed in Shuttle Rake Mine on Moss Rake…by a stone or stones falling upon him after Mine, Bradwell. Probably a relation of the previously noted having a blast (Chats Bar Coll. 217). This mine was also known Middletons. Shuttle Rake Mine was located on Berristall to the as Parramore and was located on Moss Rake to the east of the west of the Bradwell/Hazlebadge Liberty boundary. Batham Gate road. This man is not the George Maltby noted in the list of miners in Appendix 1, but was probably a relative. 1877 - George Ashmore (48), killed in Wortley Mine shaft, Bradwell, by bar of iron falling down shaft. Wortley or Orchard 1830 (about) - Robert Elliott, killed in Southfield Mine, Bradwell. Mine was located at the very eastern extremity of Moss Rake This man is noted as working in Butts Old Rake and Clear the at the foot of Bradwell Edge. This man is shown on the well- Way Mine both on Southfield previous to this date. He was known photograph of the group of lead miners at (Moss) Rake actually killed in December 1828 by a stone or stones falling Head Mine c1866 (original in possession of J. Rieuwerts). He upon him (Chats Bar Coll. 217). is the tallest man in the middle on the back row. In 1861 he lived at Small Dale, Bradwell and later in 1871 he had moved to 1833 - Joseph Middleton (28) killed in a mine at Bradwell. Netherside, Bradwell (1861, 1871 census returns). Although the exact location of this mine remains unknown this man was probablyDownloaded a member of this large family who were Evans also lists instances where boys were noted as being killed engaged in mines throughout the liberty. at the mines, and these are the following, again with some additional comments. 1836 - Benjamin Bennett, killed at Bennett’s Mine, Bradwell. This mine was located on Moss Rake and was also known as 1833 - Thomas Wildgoose (11), killed at a mine at Bradwell. It Bennett’s Engine much earlier in 1761. is not known whether this boy was killed underground or at the surface or if indeed he was a miner at all. 1840 - Robert Maltby, killed at Syke’s Mine, Bradwell. It remains unknown but is probable that this man was related to the above 1842 - Jacob Furness (10), killed by falling down a mine shaft noted George Maltby who was killed at the same mine in 1827 in Wortley, Bradwell, whilst birdnesting. Obviously not a miner, just a child at play. The noted shaft could have been at either 1840 - John Cheetham, killed at Red Rake Mine, Bradwell. No Wortley Mine or the adjacent Orchard Mine as noted above in records concerning this mine survive and its location remains 1877. unknown.

75 1857 - John Evans (8), when at play fell down shaft at Shuttle shallow pond (?) and ruinous belland yard wall can be seen Rake Mine, Bradwell. Again just a child playing on the surface (Heathcote, 2002). of the mine. Long Rake (west end). All of the surface features associated with 1864 - William Wragg (15), killed at Outland Head Mine, this vein have been removed by opencast mining/hillocking. Bradwell. He was drawn up the Engine Shaft by his thumb. The surface expression of a short southerly branch vein exists When near the top his thumb came off, and he fell to the bottom. at SK 1505 8059 in the western extension of Green Dale. The A particular horrific accident. It is likely that this boy was very impressive natural pothole known as Batham Pot is located employed at the mine on Hartle Moor Vein (Moss Rake) as the on Long Rake. ‘hanger on’ of the kibbles at the shaft bottom. In 1861, aged 12, he was living at The Hills, Bradwell and was recorded as a lead Moss Rake (east end; Yeld to Hartle Moor). Almost all the miner (1861 census returns). surface remains on the entire length of this major vein complex have been removed by opencast mining, quarrying operations or Surface Remains have been built over by domestic dwellings, although at various The following are the most significant surviving surface features points along its length isolated patches of very large hillocks on the lead veins within Bradwell Liberty. Many more features survive particularly near the present entrance to Outland Head survive on smaller veins/scrins in the fields, taking the form of Quarry (SK 168 808). In the Hartle Moor area (centred SK 163 isolated hillocks and hollows. Many are on veins that, at present, 807) all trace of the vein has been removed apart from at SK remain un-named and are located on private land away from 1615 8065 where large hillocks remain. public footpaths. Nevertheless these may be observed from a distance. Those listed are situated on public rights of way or in Moss Rake (central; Hartle Dale Bottom to Rake Head). Again close proximity to them. One site (Cop Rake) is located in an most of the surface remains have been obliterated apart from area of Open Access land. If any of the sites noted are located in at Hartle Dale Bottom or Hallams Venture Mine (SK 1595 private land are to be visited, then the appropriate landowner’s 8055) where the capped engine shaft and gin circle survive. permission must be obtained. Many of the sites contain loosely The crushing stone at this site was placed here from its original covered shafts and deep open stopes etc. so safety is at a location nearby. The capped engine shafts at Raddlepitts Mine premium when visiting them. Also, on the high and exposed (SK 1454 8011) and Moss Rake Head Mine (SK 143 800) both Bradwell Moor area, the weather can deteriorate with surprising survive. The c1950s iron headgear that was located on the speed, so appropriate walking gear etc. is a must. Upper Cross engine shaft (SK 1495 8039) has been removed but remains alongside the buildings associated with the adjacent Sportman’s Vein (probable). Short length of vein exposure to abandoned opencast mining operations. east of disused Pindale limestone quarry (SK 1612 8235). This comprises of shallow opencuts on the vein and several covered New Rake. At New Rake Bottom (centred SK 148 803) a (?) shafts. compact mine site remains, comprising a probable ore storage hopper, dressing floor and ruinous belland yard wall. Adjacent Wet Rake. Short length of hillocks and hollows alongside is a large water storage/dressing pond (Heathcote, 2002). On Richard Hall’s Plantation at SK 1475 8165. the westerly range of the vein very narrow and deep (ancient?) opencuts with adjacent hillocks survive. Long Rake (east end). Around Michlow (centred SK 170 819) are a complex of veins associated with the eastern range of Mosswww.pdmhs.com Rake (west end; Claytons Ground to Brock Tor Head). This Long Rake. These comprise of hillocks and hollows. Adjacent part of the vein remains virtually untouched apart from small to Michlow Lane at SK 170 817 a large flat topped tip could areas of cursory hillock removal. The vein is marked by wide indicate the location of a level entrance. opencuts and adjacent hillocks and at Claytons Venture Mine (SK1378 7972) a coe and large well-preserved water storage/ Small Dale Head. In this area small isolated ‘pockets’ of remains washing pond survive (Heathcote, 2002). On the western range survive amongst the ravages of opencast mining activity.from At of the vein a complex of veins with many capped shafts survive Small Dale Head Mine (SK 1645 8129) large hillocks can be at Brock Tor Lane Head (centred SK 128 795). At the nearby seen in a walled area adjacent to the road and, uphill, in the Royal Oak Mine (SK 129 794) a crushing stone has been placed nearby fields many smaller hillocks remain. in an upright position amidst a levelled area on the vein. Moorfurlong Pipe. A small area of isolated hillocks survive at Cop Rake. At the eastern end the surface remains on this vein Moorfurlong Mine. These contain the lidded shaft that gives have been slightly removed but further west (centred SK 133 access, via a 40 foot deep shaft, to a portion of Moorfurlong Pipe 800) towards Cop Round the expression of the vein remains (SK 1678 8119) well known amongst generations of cavers and intact. Unfortunately some tipping of farm rubbish occurred mine explorers. In the field to the northwest and on the range many years ago in several of the opencuts, but this is hopefully of the pipe are again isolated hillocks marking the location of in the process of being removed. The remains that survive Barley Mine (SK 1665 8121). Many of the fields in the general comprise of shallow and wide opencuts, several capped shafts area contain isolated hillocks located on small veins/scrins. and several drystone constructed access (?) bridges across the vein. At SK 1325 8005 is a gin circle with adjacent run-in engine Bird Mine. A solitary fairly large hillock at SK 1585 8125 marks shaft and close by is a small rectangular water storage/washing the location of the engine shaft of Bird Mine on Long Rake. pond. The 300 feetDownloaded deep shaft as recently been securely capped by members of PDMHS. Lamb Part. At this location (centred SK 158 803) are a complex of veins, the surface features of which appear to have remained New Venture Mine. Situated on the recently identified Calkey virtually untouched. At SK 1605 8041, in a small copse alongside Rake (formerly New Venture Vein) this mine was the scene of Lambpart Lane, the western range of Nell I’ll Tickle Thee Vein surface excavation/consolidation during the 1990s by members can be seen. of PDMHS. Reports of these activities can be found in papers previously published in Mining History (Heathcote, 1997a, Hill Rake (Berristall). Although many of the surface features 1997b). The vein can be traced from here westward to the at this location (centred SK 159 800) have been obliterated by Bradwell/Castleton Liberty boundary, although it is intermittent opencast mining the shaft at Froghole or Chance Mine remains in places and at one location (SK 1501 8095) comprises of two along with very isolated patches of hillocks. closely parallel veins, one of which contains the remains of a coe (SK 1491 8091). At SK 1479 8089 a compact mine site Shuttle Rake (Berristall). Shuttle Rake engine shaft survives at complete with coe with internal climbing shaft, dressing floor/ SK 1549 7945 amongst an area of levelled and restored land.

76 At SK 1525 7965 on the former site of Windy Knowl Mine a Final Remarks crushing stone with B & Co 1842 carved into one face has been Bradwell Liberty, like the neighbouring Peak Forest and set upright into a stone plinth by members of PDMHS. Nearby, Castleton liberties, has witnessed extensive lead mining at SK 1519 7968, a large well constructed pond is probably of operations on all of the known veins, both large and small. mining related origin. The majority of these, unfortunately, have suffered badly at the hands of modern mineral extraction companies. Nevertheless Shuttle Rake Holmes. At this location at SK 144 792, on the many of the smaller veins remain virtually untouched and are extreme western range of the vein, the area has been opencast a reminder of this once thriving local mining industry. The mined and restored. To the west of the given reference, and recording of mine names and, indeed, the people who worked amongst a small copse, small hillocks survive on the vein. These them is an important aspect of mining history, not only to mining terminate abruptly on contact with the Upper Millers Dale Lava historians but to genealogists researching into their family at SK 1410 7908. history. It is hoped that this paper brings to a greater readership the history and extent of this once prolific local industry. Burton Pingles Pipe Vein. The western range of this vein can be seen, marked by low hillocks and a covered shaft (?) at SK 1708 As well as the development of the ‘Bradda’ hat, the mines in 8052 in the field directly north of Jeffrey Lane. Although these Bradwell Liberty, were responsible for two technological features are, just, within the neighbouring Hazlebadge Liberty innovations. The first documented use of a ventilating fan they are noted here for continuity. installed at Moorfurlong Mine prior to 1694 by Robert Jowle of Peak Forest and the earliest documented horse-powered ore Underground Remains crusher or grinder in the orefield erected at Cross Grove on The lead mines in Bradwell Liberty are generally the preserve Moss Rake in 1817 (Rieuwerts, 1998b). of well equipped and experienced cavers and mine explorers. Most, especially those on the high Bradwell Moor area, are only Acknowledgements accessible via shafts of varying depths and sometimes of dubious Thanks are extended to the following without whom this paper stability. All accessible mines within the liberty are noted by would not have possible: Charles Noble, Stuart Band and Andrew local caving and mining guides which are widely available from Peppit have been of great help and assistance during my many local book shops. Anybody contemplating visiting any of the visits to the Chatsworth Archives. The staff at Derbyshire Record underground remains should consult the available literature in Office have helped in many ways and on many occassions. advance. As usual the respective landowner should be asked for Jim Rieuwerts has, as ever, been a great source of information permission to enter their land beforehand. concerning the liberty in general and the early history of the lead mining. Jim Rieuwerts along with John Barnatt and Phil Incidental Mining Notes Shaw have, as ever, been excellent walking companions on our A unique result from the mining industry in Bradwell was the numerous visits to observe the mine sites and mineral workings adoption, in 1915, of the ‘Bradda’, the lead miner’s protective that remain within the liberty. The discussions that these visits hat, as the pattern for the steel helmets worn by troops in the have generated have helped greatly in my understanding of the First World War 1914-1918 (Rieuwerts, 1998b). One wonders, sequence of, and the scale of, the lead mining undertaken in how many of the local men from Bradwell, who went to fight, Bradwell Liberty over the centuries. Dave Williams generously in Flanders and France and in other theatres, who no doubt had supplied information regarding the lead miners of the liberty ancestors who were former lead miners, realised the connection recorded within various census returns and used herein. Jim with their home village back in Derbyshire. Very few, if any! Rieuwertswww.pdmhs.com kindly commented on a draft of this paper. Many thanks are given to Neil Spurr of Digital Archives Association, Many years ago, Jim Rieuwerts had a conversation with the Warrington, for his kind permission to use the appropriate maps farmer at Elmore Hall Farm on Bradwell Edge, and the farmer of Bradwell from the Derbyshire CD. All photographs and plans informed him that in the 1930s a shaft had been sunk near the used are by courtesy of the British Cave Research Association farm to access a seam of coal. The remains of this sinking Simpson Archive Collection which is now held by the British comprised of a hillock of spoil adjacent to the farm fromtrack and Geological Survey at Keyworth, Nottingham. Brough Lane at SK 184 820. Whether the seam was reached or if any coal was raised remains unknown. (J. Rieuwerts pers comm.).

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77 References Carruthers, R.G. and Strahan, A. 1923. Lead and zinc ores of Durham, Documentary Sources: Yorkshire and Derbyshire, with notes on the Isle of Man. Spec. Rep. Bradwell Liberty Barmasters’ Books of Entries. Min. Res. G.B. Mem. Geol. Survey. G.B. HMSO, London. Book 1 (210) 1752-1757, Book 2 (211) 1757-1765, Evans, S. 1885. Peakland Pickings. (P. Shaw pers comm.). Book 3 (212) 1766-1775, Book 4 (213) 1775-1788, Evans, S. 1912. Bradwell: Ancient and Modern. (Reprinted by Country Book 5 (214) 1789-1800, Books, Little Longstone 2004). Book 6 (215) 1800-1812, Book 7 (216) 1812-1826, Heathcote, C. D. 1997a. Surface remains of the New Venture Lead Book 8 (217) 1826-1844, Mine, Bradwell Moor, Derbyshire. Mining History 13.3. Book 9 (218) 1843-1851. Barmasters’ Collection. Chatsworth House, Derbyshire. Heathcote, C. D. 1997b. Surface remains of the New Venture Lead Mine, Bradwell Moor, Derbyshire. (Part Two). Mining History 13.4. Description of a descent into Marchington and Brunt Mines, Bradwell Moor, in January 1907 by J. W. Puttrell, J. Elliott and J. Bradwell. Heathcote, C. D. 2001. A History and Gazetteer of the Mines in the Sheffield Archives. MD 1302/2. (J. Rieuwerts pers comm.). Liberty of Peak Forest, Derbyshire: 1605-1878. Mining History 14.5.

Summons to four members of the Grand Jury to view a mine at Eden Heathcote, C. D. 2002. Surface remains of the Castleton/Peak Forest Tree. 23rd May 1730. Barmasters’ Collection. Chatsworth House, area, Derbyshire. Mining History 15.1. Derbyshire. (J. Rieuwerts pers comm.). Heathcote, C. D. 2007. A Gazetteer of the Lead Mines within Castleton Details concerning Orchard or Wortley Mine. 1866 - 1889. Book 220. and Hope Liberties, Derbyshire: 1748-1898. Mining History 16.6. Barmasters’ Collection. Chatsworth House, Derbyshire. (J. Rieuwerts pers comm.). Rieuwerts, J. H. 1993. Elias Pedley, A Castleton Lead Miner and his Contribution to Early Geological Thought. Bulletin of the Peak District Document concerning non-payment of tithe ore at mines owned by Mines Historical Society. 12.2. George Bradwell at Smalldale Head. c1661. PRO DL 1/395. Public Record Office. Kew, London. (J. Rieuwerts pers comm.). Rieuwerts, J. H. 1998a. Glossary of Derbyshire Lead Mining Terms. Peak District Mines Historical Society Ltd., Matlock Bath. Sketch plan of Mosrake Head and Little Rake by Daniel Rose. 5th October 1754. DRO BSA LM/D/23. Derbyshire Record Office. Rieuwerts, J. H. 1998b. Lead mining remains on Bradwell Moor. Matlock, Derbyshire. (J. Rieuwerts pers comm.). Unpublished report for the Peak Park Joint Planning Board, Bakewell.

Sketch plan of a lead mine on Mosrake belonging to Hugh Hill by Rieuwerts, J. H. 2007. Lead Mining in Derbyshire: History, Development Daniel Rose. 11th December 1754. DRO BSA LM/D/24/L. Derbyshire and Drainage. 1. Castleton to the River Wye. Landmark, Ashbourne. Record Office. Matlock, Derbyshire. (J. Rieuwerts pers comm.). Stevenson, I. P. and Gaunt, G. D. 1971. The Geology of the country Barmote Court case involving stealing of lead ore from Long Rake. 1st around Chapel en le Frith. Mem. Geol. Survey. G.B. HMSO, London. September 1671. Sheffield Archives. Bagshawe Collection. 702 (1). (J. www.pdmhs.com Rieuwerts pers comm.). Stokes, A. H. 1880. Lead and Lead Mining in Derbyshire. Transactions of the Chesterfield and Derbyshire Institute of Mining, Civil and Barmote Court case involving stealing of lead ore from a mine adjacent Mechanical Engineers. (Reprinted by the Peak District Mines Historical to the Shackpitt on Long Rake. 21st January 1673. Sheffield Archives. Society Ltd., Matlock Bath. 1996.). Bagshawe Collection. 702 (1). (J. Rieuwerts pers comm.). fromMap Sources: Barmote Court case involving stealing of lead ore from the old Flott on Barmasters’ Atlas for the High Peak. Sheet 23. (168). Barmasters Bradwell Moor. 11th September 1673. Sheffield Archives. Bagshawe Collection. Chatsworth House, Derbyshire. Collection. 702 (1). (J. Rieuwerts pers comm.). Ordnance Survey. Second Edition. 1898. 25 inches to 1 mile. Derbyshire Barmote Court case for non-payment of wages at Botham Grove at Sheets X - 9, X - 10, X - 13, X - 14, IX - 16 & XV - 4. Digital Archives Outland Head. 2nd November 1673. Sheffield Archives. Bagshawe Association. Warrington. Collection. 702 (1). (J. Rieuwerts pers comm.). Sketch map of Scrin, Berristow and Shuttle Rakes. n.d. Barmasters’ Barmote Court case involving stealing of lead ore from Cop Rake. 8th Collection. Chatsworth House, Derbyshire. January 1674. Sheffield Archives. Bagshawe Collection. 702 (1). (J. Rieuwerts pers comm.). Map of Bradwell Commons. 1807. Sheffield Archives. Oakes Deeds. 1222. (J. Barnatt pers comm.). Letter to George Eagle, Barmaster, from T. Burrows concerning the finding of a natural cavern in Bradwell Dale whilst digging for lead ore. 6th October 1920. Barmasters’ Collection (300 (1)). Chatsworth House, Derbyshire.Downloaded Printed Sources: Barnatt, J. 2007. Bradwell Dale. Bradwell and Hazlebadge Parishes. Derbyshire. Archaeological Field Survey. Unpublished report for the Cultural Heritage Team. Peak District National Park Authority.

Beck, J. S. and Gill, D. W. 1991. Caves of the Peak District. Dalesman, Chris Heathcote Clapham. 15 Links Road Chapel en le Frith Browne, E. 1662. The Reliquary. Vol. 11. 1870-1871. (J. Rieuwerts High Peak pers comm.). Derbyshire SK23 9TX

78 Appendix 1. Details of miners, mines, veins and locations of lead mines in Bradwell Liberty. NAME MINE------or------VEIN LOCATION (approx)

Thomas Andrews Moorfurlong Pipe Small Dale Head Calkey Rake George Bagshaw’s Part Robert Andrews Robert Hill’s Founder Moss Rake Bradwell Moor Abraham Andrews Middleton Scrin Thistle Field Cotes Joseph Andrews Michlow Charles Andrews Michlow Offerton Croft George Ashmore Moorfurlong Pipe Moorfurlong Chance Coats Green John Ashmore Chance Coats Green Mark Ashton Lamb Part Berristall Lane William Atkinson Burton Pingle Vein Bradwell Dale Sir W. C. Bagshaw James Hibbs Founder/Mule Spinner South of Moss Rake Maltby’s Pingle/ Butts/ Southfield Francis Bagshaw Never Fear Moorfurlong Pipe Small Dale Head Wooden Stile Hearne Stone Lane Head Stephen Baird Forrester Venture New Rake Bottom Vein Bradwell Moor George Bancroft Stonebreck Scrin Bradwell Moor Berristall Top Joseph Bancroft Cresswell Orthwarts Coats Green Thomas Barber Martin How’s Founder Southfield Vein Southfield Anthony Barber Old Blue Vein George Hallam’s Croft Outland Head Solomon Barber Lamb Part Benjamin Barber Cop Rake Bradwell Moor Andrew Barber Hartle Pingle/ Hungry Lane Samuel Barber Edward Dornally’s Town Furlong Joshua Barber Mulespinner South of Moss Rake Elias Bradwell’s Southfield Isaac Barber Adam Marshall’s Founder Stoney Field Robert Beeley Shuttle Rake Berristall William Bennett Long Rake Bennett Engine North of Moss Rake North of Long Rake Nunley Richard Bennett Simpson’s Hillocks Brocktor Lane Head Never Fear North of Moss Rake Dakin’s Part Edward Bennett South of Moss Rake George Bagshaw’s Upper Part John Birch Thomas Barber’s Founder Southfield North Vein Southfield Robert Bocking Nether Crofts Head Lamb Part Beaton Chun www.pdmhs.com Benjamin Barber’s Hartle Moor Brisk Lamb Part Head William Bocking Brisk Lamb Part Head Have at All Lamb Part Robert Bocking jnr Brisk Lamb Part Head Thomas Bowman Knowles Rake Wooden Stile Joseph Bradbury Moss Rake Bradwell Moor Garden Veinfrom Berristall Top Benjamin Bradbury Fox Hill Top John Bradbury North of Calkey Rake Hall’s Bradwell Moor Daniel Bradley Sheep Hole Grove Cop Rake Bradwell Moor John Bradwell Gawtrees Low Vein Gawtrees Low South of Small Dale Scrin Small Dale South of Hartle Moor Vein Hartle Moor Beighton Chun South of Hartle Moor Vein Hartle Moor Michlow Blue Vein Outland Head William Hamilton’s Founder Hill Rake Berristall William Jeffrey’s Founder Hartle Moor Vein Hartle Moor North of Hill Rake Berristall Roarer at Chance Hill Rake Berristall Chance North of Hill Rake Berristall Gautris Low James Hibbs Founder/Mule Spinner South of Moss Rake Maltby’s Pingle/ Butts Southfield DownloadedHouse Venture North of Hills Rake Over Berristow Croft Bagshaw Cavern Robert Middleton’s Field/Hungry Lane Edwards Dream Widow Hall’s Piece Bradwell Dale New Venture Burrows Part/Half Mile Wall Have at All Great Heath Top Piece/Half Mile Wall Lads Venture Thomas Bagshawe’s Common Piece Isaac Bradwell Moorfurlong Brown Edge Top Vein Cresswell Part Cresswell Part Coates Cresswell Upper Ridding William Bradwell Moorfurlong Long Rake Coats Lane Furniss Engine Hartle Dale Vein Hartle Dale Scrin Rake Berristall Lively Hood North of Hills Rake Lamb Part/Lamb Croft

79 House Venture North of Hills Rake Over Berristow Croft Robert Bradwell Lamb Part Margaret Greaves Croft/Small Dale Head Small Dale Head/Cresswell Part Great South/Daily Bread Vein Berristall Thomas Bradwell Michlow Long Rake Nunley William Bennett’s Scrin Fox Hill Top/Nunley New President Calkey Rake Dakin’s Part/Half Mile Wall Bennett Dakin’s Top Part Brunt New Rake Dakin’s Upper Part Dennis Bradwell Pitts Hill/ Cresswell Coates Ashton Flatt Coates Grassey Edge Vein Cresswell Part George Bradwell William Bennett’s Scrin Fox Hill Top House Venture North of Hills Rake Over Berristow Croft Joel Bradwell Lads Venture Thomas Bagshawe’s Common Piece George Bramhall Michlow William Bray Knowles Rake Hearne Stone Lane Head Moss Rake Little Vein Brook Tor Lane Head Bogard Hole South of Moss Rake Broadlow Top/ Brock Tor Lane Head Martha Burrows Ibbotson’s Bradwell Thomas Burrows New Venture Burrows Part/Half Mile Wall Junction Burrows Part/Half Mile Wall Robert Cartledge Brook Tor Vein Brook Tor Lane Head John Cartledge Brook Tor Lane Head William Cheetham Joseph Wright’s Founder Hartle Moor Vein Hartle Moor Three Score Hole Bradwell Hill Top John Cheetham Joseph Wright’s Founder Hartle Moor Vein Hartle Moor Ballack Vein Hartle Moor Asher Croft Godfrey Hall’s Croft Frigley Vein Bagshaw Part Frigley Vein Hartle Moor Birdlo Hole John How’s Founder Long Rake Newfield Green May Mend South of Ballack Well Vein Hartle Moor Bamford Scrin Berristall George Cheetham Small Dale Scrin Small Dale Bottom Robert Palfreyman’s Founder Mouldy Pingle Thomas Cheetham South of Long Rake Newfield Green Southfield North Vein Heald North of Moss Rake Edward Cheetham Thomas Cheetham’s Founder Southfield North Vein www.pdmhs.com Heald Isaac Cheetham Good in Time/Windy Knoll Bradwell/Tideswell Common Richard Cheetham Shoe Makers Venture/William Oldfield’s Founder/ What You Please Scrin Rake Berristall Joseph Clay Little Rake North Side of Moss Rake Bradwell Moor Bradwell Edge Bradwell Edge Vein Bradwell Edge Robert Clayton Brook Tor fromVein Brook Tor Lane Head William Clayton Clayton’s Venture Moss Rake Ralph Blore’s Field Robert Cooper Hill Rake Berristall Thomas Daykin Joseph Hall’s Founder Hartle Moor Vein Hartle Moor Gall Tree Low Robert Daykin Nunley Isaac Daykin Scrin Rake Slack Top Charles Daykin Peck of Meal Long Rake Joseph Daykin Wet Rake Hall’s Bradwell Moor/Nursery Emanuel Downing Smiling Betty Southfield South Vein Benjamin Dudding Further Bradwell Pitts Hill/ Cresswell Part Martin Durham Moss Rake Bradwell Moor Shuttle Rake Shuttle Rake Nether End Isaac Eeeds Long Rake Bradwell Moor Daniel Staffords Founder/Bird Long Rake Bradwell Moor Never Fear North of Calkey Rake Joseph Burrows Part George Elliott Lamb Part DownloadedBarley Moorfurlong Pipe Benjamin Barber’s Field Victoria Moorfurlong Pipe Thomas Hallam’s Field Heart of Oak North of Moss Rake Southfield Robert Elliott Blue Vein George Hallam’s Croft Potatoe Vein Edens Tree Michlow Andrew Barber’s Founder Blue Vein Southfield South of Long Rake Nunley Windy Knoll South of Buttery Vein Coats Fields Long Rake Cresswell Round Field Clear the Way South of Southfield Vein Southfield South of Butts Rake Narrow Sides Cresswell Fields/ Small Dale John Elliott Godspeed Lamb Part Smiling Nancy North of Moss Rake Dakin’s Middle Part

80 Hard Pocket Earl of Newburgh’s Land Hopeful Shuttle Rake Jonathan Thornhill’s Land Mount Pleasant George Goodwin’s Land Hallam’s Founder Orchard Nook William Elliott Pekin North of Long Rake Robert How Ashton’s Pasture Johnson Evans Thomas Bradwell’s Founder North of Bennett’s Scrin Fox Hill/Nunley Buttery Vein Gawtry Low Cresswell Part Matthew Eyley Shuttle Rake Engine Shuttle Rake Berristall William Eyley Shuttle Rake Engine Shuttle Rake Berristall Fear Nought North of Shuttle Rake Berristall Scrin Rake Berristall Top Robert Eyley Shuttle Rake Berristall John Eyre Hore Stones Vein Cotes Croft/ Pindale Head Thomas Eyre Thistle Field Cotes Robert Fox Moss Rake Thomas Fox Moss Rake Frigley Vein Hartle Moor Richard Jeffrey’s Founder Hartle Moor Vein Hartle Moor Thomas Fox’s Founder Hartle Rake Outland Head South of Hartle Moor Vein Hartle Moor Blue Vein Outland Head William Jeffrey’s Founder Hartle Moor Vein Hartle Moor William Fox Coats Green Boo Tor Vein Rye Croft Edge Ashton Flatt Godfrey Fox Shuttle Rake Berristall Francis Fox Shuttle Rake Berristall Roarer Vein Lamb Part George Fox Walker’s Vein Cotes Green Wellington Moss Rake Outland Head John Frost Sportsman Pindale Matthew Furniss Little Moor Vein Little Moor Five Farthing North of Long Rake Coats Lane Joseph Furniss Have at All Berristall Top Mathias Furniss New Rake Bottom Vein Bradwell Moor Peter Furniss Daniel Bradley’s Founder Cop Rake Bradwell Moor Daniel Furniss Burton Pingle Vein Bradwell Dale Smiling Betty Southfield South Vein Wall Head Lum Bradwell Spring Head George Furniss Queen Bess Long Rake Abraham Dakin’s Middle Part John Garlick Brook Tor Vein Brook Tor Lane Head Weavers Venture Tideswell Common/Broadlow John Gauntley Speedwell Eadle Road James Hadfield Knowles Rake www.pdmhs.com Hearne Stone Lane Head John Hall Frigley Vein Hartle Moor Robert Hall Nunley Bottom Reynold’s Vein Pindale Side Joseph Hall Reynold’s Rake Nunley Thomas Rose’s Founder Pindale Wood Have at All Hall’s Bank/ Pindale Side Robert Hallam from Keeling Croft Spectecle Founder Lamb Part Little Moor Vein Little Moor Five Farthing North of Long Rake Coats Lane Thomas Hallam’s Founder Southfield/ New Nook House Nunley New Rake Bottom Vein Bradwell Moor Portaway South of Moss Rake Elias Barber’s Founder Moss Rake North Vein Southfield Southfield Vein Southfield Adam Hallam Cresswell Ridding /Pickhill Downing Founder Schofield Croft Luck Lamb Part Nunley Thomas Hallam New Rake Bottom Vein Bradwell Moor Thomas Hallam’s Founder Orchard Nook/ Southfield Orchard Nook Vein George Hallam’s Croft Robert Walker’s Green Downloaded Southfield South Vein Southfield Barn Grove New Nook Butts/Edward Downing and Daniel Furniss Founder Moss Rake Southfield/ Heald/ Slater’s Croft John Hallam Spend All Moorfurlong Luck Lamb Part Nell I’ll Tickle Thee Hartle Dale Jacob Hallam Moss Rake Hartle Dale George Hallam Queen Bess Long Rake Robert Andrews Part Cheetham Engine Frigley Vein Hartle Moor Isaac Hamilton South of Southfield South Vein Southfield Butts Southfield William Hamilton Hell Rake Berristall John Hamilton North of Parlour Vein Lamb Part John Hatfield Brocktor Lane Vein Brocktor Lane Head

81 Thomas Hawksworth Brown Edge Scrin Cresswell Part Pudding Scrin Cresswell Part Cresswell Ridding/ Coates Robert Hawksworth Calkey Rake Bagshaw’s Upper Part James Hibbs Chun Vein Slater’s Croft South of Hartle Rake Butts Brass Venture Slater’s Croft Hugh Hill Hugh Hill Founder Moss Rake Bradwell Moor Hugh Hill Engine Moss Rake Bradwell Moor Cross Grove Moss Rake Bradwell Moor Lamb Part Tristram Hill Moss Rake Thomas Hill Meeting Venture Hill’s Venture Moss Rake Dakin’s Upper Part Lads Venture Thomas Bagshawe’s Common Piece Robert Hill Bird Long Rake Bradwell Moor Daniel Hill Shuttle Rake Berristall James Hill Shuttle Rake Shuttle Rake Head/ Holmes Long Rake Bradwell Moor William Hill Worlds End Knowles Rake Cross Grove Moss Rake Bradwell Moor Brook Tor Vein Brook Tor Lane Head Chun Vein George Hallam’s Croft/ Outland Head Adam Hill Fox Hill Henry Hill Golden Rake Wicken Slack/ Berristall Robert Hilton Bull Head Thomas Hilton Robert Middleton’s Founder Southfield North Vein Greaves Croft Godspeed Lamb Part Robert Hodgekinson Scrin Rake Berristall William Holme Flott Pipe Bradwell Moor Thistle Field Rye Croft Edge Coates Rye Croft Edge John Holme Birdlo Stile /Nunley Adam Holme Smiler Ashton Flatt Now or Never Birdlo Wood Fortunate Pindale Wood Thistle Field Coats Picks Hill/ Cresswell Part George How Hell Rake North Vein Berristall Parlour Vein Lamb Part Lamb Part William How Southfield South Vein Southfield Thomas Hallam’s Founder Orchard Nook/ Southfield Orchard Nook Vein www.pdmhs.com George Hallam’s Croft Martin How Southfield North Vein Southfield French Town Furlong John How Calkey Rake George Bagshaw’s Upper Part Long Rake George Bagshaw’s Upper Part Moss Rake South Vein Brook Tor Lane Head Hannah Middleton’s Croft Robert How Robert Hallam’s Founder from Keeling’s Part/ New Nook John Hunter Cat Skins Rye Croft Edge Robert Hurler Michlow Sun Vein Michlow Charles Hurler North of Long Rake Calf Croft Coats Long Rake Coats Flatt William Jackson Pickhill Sun Vein Coats Ground Michlow Sun Vein Michlow Luck Founder Dirty Half Acres Dirty Half Acres Middle Vein Dirty Half Acres Robert Parramore’s Founder Dirty Half Acres Chun/Humble Bee Vein Southfield George Palfreyman’s Founder Mouldy Pingle/Town Furlong Small Dale Bottom Vein Small Dale Bottom/Dirty Half Acres Dirty Half Acres Vein Dirty Half Acres Speedwell Cuckoo Vein Gawtris Low/Engine Shaft Robert Jackson Long Rake Cotes Barn/ Cotes Fold North of Long Rake Cresswell Cotes Lane Bottom Further Bradwell Head Downloaded North of Bennett’s Scrin Nunley Speedwell Cuckoo Vein Gawtris Low/Engine Shaft Christopher Jackson All a Chance Dirty Half Acres Potatoe Vein Edens Tree Never Fear Dirty Half Acres Union Venture Dirty Half Acres Lime Hannah Ashmore’s Field/Dirty Half Acres Robert Andrews Grain/Small Dale John Jackson Olliver’s Founder Masons Sough Nunley James Hibbs Founder/Mule Spinner Moss Rake Maltby’s Pingle/ Butts/ Southfield Robert Andrews Grain/Small Dale Speedwell Cockoo Vein Gawtris Low/Engine Shaft Richard Jeffrey Ballack Well Vein Hartle Dale Furniss Engine Hartle Dale Vein Hartle Dale

82 William Jeffrey Ripper Hartle Moor Vein Hartle Moor Joseph Wright’s Founder Hartle Moor Vein Hartle Moor Thomas Jeffrey Sykes Engine Moss Rake Dakin’s Middle Part Waterloo Upper Barn Field Ralph Keeling Southfield South Vein Southfield Joseph Kyrk Luck at Last Rye Croft Edge John Kyrk Rye Croft Edge Robert Maltby Have at All Calkey Rake Berristall Top Thomas Maltby Golden Rake Wicken Slack/ Berristall George Maltby Black Rock Hadfield’s Moorpiece Edwards Dream Widow Hall’s Piece/ Bradwell Dale John Maltby Edwards Dream Widow Hall’s Piece/ Bradwell Dale James Marchington Goodluck Neverfear South of Moss Rake Shepheardson’s Land William Marshall Downing Founder Schofield Croft Schofield Croft Southfield North Vein Southfield Robert Marshall Thomas Fox’s Founder Hartle Rake Outland Head Thorn Tree Shaft Founder Mow Close Lawrence Marshall’s Founder By Rake Cow Close Adam Marshall’s Founder Stoney Field Anthony Marshall Chance Founder Burker Vein Coats Ground Miles Marshall Outland Head Engine Hartle Moor Open Moor Foot Close Hay Chire Vein Robert Marshall’s Little Moor Adam Marshall Downing Founder Schofield Croft Elias Marshall Southfield Engine Southfield Vein Southfield Barker’s Founder Southfield Vein Southfield Humble Bee Vein Southfield North of Chun Vein George Barnsley’s Part George Hallam’s Croft Lawrence Marshall Slater’s Croft By Rake Mole Tor Close Ashton Flatt Thomas Marshall Mew Close Vein Marshall’s Mew Close Spend Penny Mew Close Close End Samuel Marshall Spend Penny Marshall Part Vein Marshall’s or Widow Bradwell’s Part Smiling Nancy Heald End Elias Mellor John Hallam’s Founder/Spend All Moorfurlong Robert Elliott’s Founder Blue Vein George Hallam’s Croft Daniel Mellor Thorn Tree Knowles Rake/Wooden Stile Vein Hearne Stone Lane Head Rowland Middleton Godfrey Hall’s Croft Robert Middleton Bank Top Hartle Moor Fidlers Founder Berristow Rake www.pdmhs.com Lamb Part Fidlers Turnore Berristow Rake Lamb Part Cross Grove Moss Rake Bradwell Moor Calkey Rake George Bagshaw’s Upper Part Lawrence Marshall’s Founder By Rake Cow Close North of Wet Rake Bradwell Moor South of Hartle Rake George Bagshaw’s Nether Part Slack’s Founder Moss Rakefrom Rodger Hadfield’s Part/Tideswell Road Moorcock North of Moss Rake Abraham Dakin’s Upper Part Freedom Blue Bell/Raddlepitts Moss Rake Bradwell Moor Nelson Long Rake Dakin’s Middle Part William Middleton Frigley Vein Bagshaw Part Thomas Middleton Fidlers Founder Berristow Rake Lamb Part Frigley Vein Hartle Moor Frigley Vein Cave Hurst Raddlepitts Moss Rake Bradwell Moor Brunt/Brund New Rake Fidlers Venture Lamb Part Moorcock/Raddlepitts Moss Rake Bradwell Moor Friend in Need Robert Middleton’s Holey Field/ Small Dale Top New Venture Burrows Part/Half Mile Wall New Pasture Shepheardson’s House/Batham Gate DownloadedBlue Bell/Raddlepitts Moss Rake Bradwell Moor Moorcock Berristall John Middleton Lamb Part North of Hartle Moor Vein Hartle Moor Brunt New Rake Abraham Dakin’s Upper Part Richard Middleton Southfield Sun Vein Southfield Water Hole Long Rake John Dakin’s Part Robert Middleton’s Founder/ Bird in the Bush Long Rake Isaac Middleton James Hibbs Founder/Mule Spinner South of Moss Rake Maltby’s Pingle/ Butts/ Southfield Blithe Pipper Vein Shepheardson’s Part/Berristall Jarvis Middleton Friend in Need Robert Middleton’s Holey Field/ Small Dale Top Elias Middleton Free Hold Venture Shuttle Rake Shuttle Rake Holmes

83 George Middleton Free Hold Venture Shuttle Rake Shuttle Rake Holmes Miles Morten Cresswell Ridding/ Pickhill Joseph Morten Derneley Croft Isaac Morten Hartle Dale Vein Hartle Dale Bottom South of Southfield South Vein Southfield South of Southfield Vein Butts Bradwell Edge Bradwell Edge Vein Bradwell Edge Further Bradwell Moorfurlong Pipe Moorfurlong Close Walker’s Green Have at All/Morten’s Venture Isaac Morten’s Fields Christopher Morten John Hamilton’s Founder North of Parlour Vein Lamb Part Robert Morten Calf Croft/ Cresswell Part Joseph Royse Founder/Vixen Long Rake Cresswell Part Thomas Morten Three Score Hole Hill Top Bradwell Mr. Keelings Founder Southfield South Vein Butts Adam Morten Mulespinner Mulespinner Vein Thomas Hallam’s Field Butts Frigley Vein Hartle Moor Richard Mycock Speedwell Eadle Road William Nall Coats Ground Matthew Nall South of Long Rake Coates Lane Edward Oldfield Brook Tor Vein Brook Tor Lane Head Moss Rake South Brook Tor Lane Head William Oldfield Shuttle Rake Berristall Rider End Lady Willobeys Moorpiece/ Bradwell Common What You Please Scrin Rake Berristall Luck if it be thy will Shuttle Rake Shuttle Rake Holmes Hugh Oldfield Luck if it be thy will Shuttle Rake Shuttle Rake Holmes George Palfreyman North of Long Rake Coats Fold Ashton Flatt Little Hill Vein Fox Hill Long Rake Fox Hill Top Mouldy Pingle Bamford Scrin North of Shuttle Rake Berristall William Palfreyman Pudding Scrin Bradwell Head Close Thomas Palfreyman North of Wet Rake Bradwell Moor Coats Field Robert Parramore Moss Rake Dirty Half Acres Wet Rake Bradwell Moor Sykes Founder Moss Rake Bradwell Moor John Pascoe Flott Pipe Bradwell Moor Hugh Pearson North of Shuttle Rake www.pdmhs.com Berristall Hopeful South of Shuttle Rake Berristall George Pearson Shuttle Rake Berristall Charles Pearson New Title Moorfurlong Pipe Hungry Lane Croft James Pearson Wooden Stile Wooden Stile Vein Drinkwater’s Pasture Elias Pedley Gall Tree Low Pump Vein Nunley Birdlow Veinfrom Birdlow Richard Pedley Adders Hole Vein John Wright’s Close Joseph Whittle’s Founder Wet Rake Bradwell Moor Edward Pointon Little Rake North Side of Moss Rake Bradwell Moor Aaron Rodgers Dutchman’s Venture Berristall George Rodgers Moorfurlong Pipe Moorfurlong Heart of Oake Cresswell Ridding Further Bradwell Daniel Royse Rake Head Engine Little Rake Bradwell Moor Jonathan Royse Nunley Bottom Hardhurst Nunley Joseph Royse Long Rake Cresswell Part Cresswell Ridding/ Coates Gate Cresswell Ridding/ Coates Green Ash Tree Vein Pindale Bank Yate Hall’s Part/ Pindale Side William Ryder Berristall Scrin Rake Slack Top William Salt Downloaded South of Long Rake Salt’s Close Head George Sellers Southfield North Vein Heald John Slate Moss Rake Head Moss Rake Bradwell Moor Ash Tree Vein Pindale Thomas Smith Windy Knoll Vein Cresswell Part Chaulkin North of Long Rake Coats Fields Edward Somersett Edwards Dream Widow Hall’s Piece/ Bradwell Dale John Stott Small Dale Head/Cresswell Part Hugh Sykes Long Rake Coats Lane Francis Sykes Pinfold Long Rake North of Long Rake Coats Lane Peter Taylor Cop Grove Cop Rake Bradwell Moor Jonathan Titterton Moss Rake Robert Townsley Have at All Lamb Part Robert Walker Romney Hole Founder Boo Tor Vein Coats Ground

84 Scrin Rake Berristall Slater’s Croft Joseph Walker Wet Rake Coats Green Hartle Moor Vein Heald Shuttle Rake Berristall Thistle Field/ Cotes John Walker Garden Vein Berristall Top Scrin Rake Berristall Bancroft Scrin Hall’s Bradwell Moor North of Long Rake Nunley Proof Coates Green Thomas Walker Coates Green New Nook Green Silver Tumbler Vein Earl of Newburgh’s land/Hungry Lane William Walker Coates Green Have at All Coates Green Thomas Watts Brook Tor Vein Brook Tor Lane Head George Whittingham Birdlo Vein Birdlo Stile Wet Rake Birdlo John Whittingham Wet Rake Birdlo Joseph Whittle Bird Long Rake Bradwell Moor Joseph Wigley Fortune South Side of Long Rake George Bagshaw’s Part Joshua Wigley Calkey Rake Bradwell Moor Robert Wilson Shuttle Rake Head Shuttle Rake Berristall George Wilson Godfrey Fox’s Founder Shuttle Rake Berristall Godfrey Fox’s Founder Shuttle Rake Berristall Richard Wragg Barlow Sough Vein John Wragg John Hamilton’s Founder North of Parlour Vein Lamb Part Benjamin Wragg Moss Rake Head Moss Rake Tideswell Gate Hills Rake Berristall Top Mealy Porkit Berristall Thomas Wragg Brisk Lamb Part Head Anthony Wright Town Furlong Scrin Open Town Furlong Mole Tor Pipe Mole Tor Good Chance Long Rake George Bagshaw’s Upper Part South of Long Rake Newfield Green Anthony Wright’s Founder Long Rake George Bagshaw’s Nether Part William Wyatt Brocktor Vein Brocktor Lane Head www.pdmhs.com

Appendix 2. Lead Mines within Bradwell Liberty that are recorded in the ore accounts only MINE LOCATION fromMINE LOCATION Upper Grove Hartle Dale Isaac Morten’s Engine Hartle Dale East Venture Derneley Croft Nether Engine Hartle Dale Old Bassiner Hartle Moor Old Leys Out Yards Oakeds Orchard Side Tackers Venture Dudding Scrin Hungry Knowl Hartle Moor Lane Grove Berristow Croft Fairer and Bassiner Hartle Moor Coblers Pack Southfield Mule Spinner Regulator Southfield Bird in Hand Bradwell Moor Brock Tor Dam Brock Tor Lane Head Thorn Bush Tideswell Common Turn Meadow Poorman’s Venture Brock Tor Lane Head Pig in the Poke Lamb Part Frog Hole Berristow Lingard Grove Long Rake Pity the Poor Heald End Smiling Betty Heald End Hope Well Shuttle Rake Wall Head Garden Lum Head Heald End Fountain Head Heald Bottom Hope Well Brock Tor Lane Head Spring Lamb Part Fox’s Venture Scrin Rake Coates Barn Lime Kiln Sykes Scrin Downloaded Coates Lane Coblers Patch Dale Side Rustlem Ashmore Croft/Scrin Rake Raven Sebastopol Cox Vein Finisher Off/Flyer Off Lord Nelson Providence Gervis Fields Dale Head/Bennett Mine Pipe Hole

85