Hoplosternum Littorale

istributio upperActinopterygii, São Francisco Siluriformes, River region, Callichthyidae, southeast Brazil D (Hancock, 1828): Distribution extension in the 1* 1, 2 raphic Luiz Fernando Salvador-Jr. and Fabiano de Andrade Silva g eo

G n Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. o 1 Neotropical Research – Grupo de Estudo para a Conservação da Fauna Neotropical. Rua Dona Cecília 50 / 05, Serra. CEP 30220-070.

otes 2 Programa de Pós-Graduação [email protected] Zoologia de Vertebrados PUCMinas. Avenida Dom José Gaspar 500 / Prédio 41, Coração Eucarístico.

N CEP 30535-610. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. * Corresponding author. E-mail: Abstract: The tamoatá Hoplosternum littorale

(Hancock, 1828) is an alien catfish to the São Francisco River basin. Although it has been registered along all of this hydrological system’s extension, including the segment located upstream of the Três Marias dam, up to now the species had not yet been detected in the Pará River sub-basin. Between the 19th and 28th of October 2009, 27 specimens were collected in this drainage system; over half of them captured in a highly polluted artificial reservoir. The results of the present study reinforce that the implementation of reservoirs and the pollution of the continental waters favor not only the expansion, but also the establishment of non-native teleosts with opportunist habits.

The dispersion of organisms into new territories is a and Leal 2010), considered one of the main tributaries of the São Francisco River’s right bank (Pereira et al. 2007; Tupinambás et al. 2007). speciesnatural (Helfman biogeographic et al. phenomenon limited not only by Thus, considering the need to relate and emphasize the physicaloccur as barriers, a result but of humanalso by the actions, intrinsic it is mobility considered of each an presence of non-native species as part of conservationist introduction (Helfman 1997).et al. 1997; When Gozlan such range et al. extensions2010). strategies (Vitule 2009; Gozlan et al. 2010), the present Despite its disastrous effects (Zaret and Paine 1973; paper has the objective of accusing the increased Achieng 1990; Molina et al. distribution of H. littorale upstream of the Três Marias 2004; Pelicice and Agostinho 2008), the release of non- 1996; Latini and Petrere-Jr. the Pará River sub-basin. It also aims to co-relate its local presencedam, pointing and out establishment the first records with of this human Callichthyidae intervention in native fish has become a common practice andet can al. occur in this aquatic environment, as well as to evaluate its Magalhãesnot only intentionally et al. 2002; Latini (Zaret and and Petrere-Jr. Paine 1973; 2004; Achieng Vitule possible impacts within its new range. Management 2009;1990; Gozlan Agostinho et al. and Júlio-Jr. 1996; Molina 1996; recommendations are also proposed in order to prevent new introductions and the risk of biological invasions. 2010), but also passively by accidental Between the 19th and 28th of October 2009, while Vituleescapes 2009; from Gozlan tanks et or al. fish 2010). farming stations (Zaret and o 134-09 – PaineThe 1973; tamoatá Agostinho Hoplosternum and Júlio-Jr. littorale 1996; (Hancock,Magalhães 1828)2007; IEF/MG) using gill and sieving nets in the São João and Pará conducting experimental fisheries (License N 2003; Abdallah et al. of 27 specimens of H. littorale (Figure 2) with standard is a benthonic air-breathing catfish (Burgess 1989; Reis Rivers, and Coelhos stream (Figure 1), we collected a total 2006; Jucá-Chagaset al. and Boccardo 2006), usually associated with swampy rivers and individualslength varying were between submitted 9.5 forand preservation 19.1 cm and atbody the weightMuseu (Reisfloodplains 2003), (Burgess this species 1989; Abdallah is allochthonous 2006). to Although the São deoscillating Zoologia between da Universidade 25 and 245 de grams. São Paulo Of this (MZUSP), total, seven and Franciscoit is the Callichthyidae River basin (Oliveira with the andlargest Moraes-Jr. spatial distribution1997; Alves the others were dissected for macroscopic evaluation of the gonadal maturation stages according to Bazolli (2003) (Table 1). Lealand Pompeu2010). 2001; 2005; Pompeu and Alves 2003; Sato Although H. littorale and Sampaio 2005; Barbosa and Soares 2009; Alves and H. littorale was detected in only four (26.7%) Detected for the first time in this basin in 1990 (Oliveira point(Figure out 3) that of 15in the sampled Britos stations, reservoir all this the teleost dissected was and Moraes-Jr. 1997), nowadays is found amply specimens were in full reproductive activity. We also diffused within its limits (Alveset andal. Pompeu 2001;et al. 2005;2009; AlvesPompeu and and Leal Alves 2010). 2003; Despite Pompeu being and Godinhopresent upstream2003; 2006; of ofthe exposure only species of the captured gill nets. by Such the experimentalrepresentation fisheries, is most theSato Três and MariasSampaio dam 2005; (Alves Silva and Leal 2006; 2010), Luz up until now with a total of 15 individuals collected during 12 hours the presence of this species had not been registered in the the domestic sewage of the urban area of the Itaúna sub-basin of the Pará River (Tupinambás et al. 2007; Alves likely related to the fact that this reservoir receives all

Check List | Volume 7 | Issue 5 | 2011 municipality, thus accumulating a large quantity of organic621 Salvador-Jr and Silva | Distribution extension of Hoplosternum littorale in Brazil

Figure 1. Partial view of the Pará River sub-basin, highlighting the sampling stations where captures of Hoplosternum littorale were made.

Since the tamoatá is an obligate air-breather (Reis 2003; and in a marginal lagoon of the Pará River, the fact that matter responsible for the poor quality of its waters. mostDespite records also of beingH. littorale detected occurred in the in Coelhos São João stream River

BraunerJucá-Chagas et al. and Boccardo 2006), which tolerates low otherconcentrations native teleosts of oxygen found inin thethis waterreservoir (Burgess do not 1989;seem to.downstream Relating to from this Itaúna’s segment, county we point sewer out system that asdischarge well as 1995), the apparent adverse conditions for reflects the degree of threat to which this stretch is subject sample was carried-out within its limits, the number of reservoir, it also suffers from siltation and clandestine to constitute obstacles for this species. Although only one the previously mentioned dumping of sewage in the Britos apparent absence of environmental factors capable of causingsexually the mature decline individuals of H. littorale captured, in this associatedsampling station, to the supply of industrial effluents; besides sheltering another aquicultureartificial lake, stations a dam near that its acts banks as aand barrier large to amounts upstream of Eichorniafish migration (Dr. Silvino M. Santos power station), permits us to assertet al. that this species is locallyet al. (2008)established and higher concentration of organic matter. inGozlan Britos et reservoiral. (2010). according to the definitions proposed spp. (Pontederiaceae), especially in areas with by Lockwood (2007), Shafland mentioned marginal lagoon, we stress that this kind of Regarding the presence of tamoatá in the previously teleosts, and are therefore fundamental in the renovation environment acts as a nursery habitat for many species of

sheltersof fish communities individuals of of H. the littorale tropical in rivers full reproductive (Welcomme 1979; Lowe-McConnell 1999). Since this peculiar habitat

activity, it is probably acting as an ecological stepping channel,stone for therefore this species, helping since to disseminate during the floodthis non-native period it likely promotes the recruitment of the young to the main Relating to the deleterious effects resulting from its introductioncatfish. in the environment, H. littorale seems to be a Figure 2. Tamoatá Hoplosternum littorale the Britos reservoir located on the São João River, Pará River sub-basin, species that causes little or no direct impact on the native (MZUSP 106077) captured in et al. 2010). However, like upper São Francisco region. Photo: Luiz F. Salvador-Jr. Check List | Volume 7 | Issue 5 | 2011 fish assemblages (Duxbury 622 Salvador-Jr and Silva | Distribution extension of Hoplosternum littorale in Brazil

Table 1. Hoplosternum littorale reservoir,Date, SJr = standardSão João Riverlength downstream (SL in cm), body Britos weight dam and(BW Ml in = g), Pará sex River’s(S), gonadal marginal maturation lagoon. stages (GMS), place of capture and voucher specimens of collected in the Pará River sub-basin between October 19 and 28, 2009. M = Male, F = Female, Cs = Coelhos stream, Br = Britos DATE SL BW S/GMS SAMPLING STATION COORDINATES MUNICIPALITIES VOUCHER SPECIMENS 19 Oct 2009 M/3 Itaúna - 19 Oct 2009 17.1 M/4A Itaúna - 9.5 25 Cs 20°00’01” S, 44°41’37” W 19 Oct 2009 F/4A Itaúna - 155 Cs 21°00’01” S, 44°41’37” W 19 Oct 2009 - Itaúna 14.5 115 Cs 22°00’01” S, 44°41’37” W 20 Oct 2009 M/4A Br Itaúna / Igaratinga - 16.4 160 Cs 22°00’01” S, 44°41’37” W MZUSP 106078 20 Oct 2009 M/4A Br Itaúna / Igaratinga - 15.5 105 19°59’61” S, 44°41’48” W 20 Oct 2009 110 F/4A Br Itaúna / Igaratinga - 13.5 65 19°59’61” S, 44°41’48” W 20 Oct 2009 120 M/4A Br Itaúna / Igaratinga - 15.5 19°59’61” S, 44°41’48” W 20 Oct 2009 F/4A Br Itaúna / Igaratinga - 16.5 19°59’61” S, 44°41’48” W 20 Oct 2009 14.9 120 F/4A Br Itaúna / Igaratinga - 17.5 155 19°59’61” S, 44°41’48” W 20 Oct 2009 F/4A Br Itaúna / Igaratinga - 19°59’61” S, 44°41’48” W 20 Oct 2009 140 F/4A Br Itaúna / Igaratinga - 15.7 155 19°59’61” S, 44°41’48” W 20 Oct 2009 180 F/4A Br Itaúna / Igaratinga - 15.5 19°59’61” S, 44°41’48” W 20 Oct 2009 140 M/4A Br Itaúna / Igaratinga - 16.7 19°59’61” S, 44°41’48” W 20 Oct 2009 19.1 F/4A Br Itaúna / Igaratinga - 16.3 19°59’61” S, 44°41’48” W 20 Oct 2009 17 180 - Br Itaúna / Igaratinga 160 19°59’61” S, 44°41’48” W 20 Oct 2009 - Br Itaúna / Igaratinga 19°59’61” S, 44°41’48” W MZUSP 106077 20 Oct 2009 18 - Br Itaúna / Igaratinga 18.5 235 19°59’61” S, 44°41’48” W MZUSP 106077 20 Oct 2009 19 - Br Itaúna / Igaratinga 245 19°59’61” S, 44°41’48” W MZUSP 106077 M/4A SJr Igaratinga - 250 19°59’61” S, 44°41’48” W MZUSP 106077 140 F/4A SJr Igaratinga - 26 Oct 2009 15.5 105 19°54’55” S, 44°41’50” W 140 F/4A SJr Igaratinga - 26 Oct 2009 16.5 19°54’55” S, 44°41’50” W 18 M/4A SJr Igaratinga - 26 Oct 2009 16.5 19°54’55” S, 44°41’50” W 170 F/4A SJr Igaratinga - 26 Oct 2009 155 19°54’55” S, 44°41’50” W 17 170 - SJr Igaratinga 26 Oct 2009 17.5 19°54’55” S, 44°41’50” W 28 Oct 2009 M/4A Ml Leandro Ferreira - 26 Oct 2009 19°54’55” S, 44°41’50” W MZUSP 106079 28 Oct 2009 - Ml Leandro Ferreira 9.5 25 19°44’08” S, 44°53’52” W 15 135 19°44’08” S, 44°53’52” W MZUSP 106080

A B

C D

Figure 3. Sample stations in the Pará River sub-basin where the captures of Hoplosternum littorale were made. A) Pará River’s marginal lagoon (Ml), B)

São João River downstream Britos dam (SJr), C) Britos reservoir (Br) and D) Coelhos stream (Cs). Photos: Luiz F. Salvador-Jr. Check List | Volume 7 | Issue 5 | 2011 623 Salvador-Jr and Silva | Distribution extension of Hoplosternum littorale in Brazil

Pompeuin the Coleção for the de criticisms Ictiologia and of thesuggestions Museu de for Zoologia the manuscript. da Universidade de other benthophagous fish (Gerking 1994), it canet al. alter (2010) the São Paulo (MZUSP), and Professors André L. B. Magalhães and Paulo S. inrichness an experiment and diversity conducted of macroinvertebrates in Florida (USA). inThus, the watersamong where it establishes, as detected by Duxbury Literature Cited Abdallah, V.D., R.K. Azevedo and J.L. Luque. structuring of the local macroinvertebrates assemblages is de metazoários parasitos do tamboatá Hoplosternum littorale other possible changes in ecosystem functioning, a re- 2006. Ecologia da comunidade et al. (2010) Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Acta Scientiarum Biological Sciences expected, as well as competition with native fish species (Hancock, 1828) (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) do rio Guandu, Lates for trophic resources. According to Duxbury niloticus28(4): 413-419. Journal Fish Biology toit mayuse macroinvertebrates also cause significant as environmental alterations in bioindicators.the results of Achieng, A.P. 1990. The impact of the introductions of Nile perch, future water quality monitoring programs which happen Agostinho, A.A. (L.) and on H. the Júlio-Jr. fisheries of Lake Victoria. Ciência Hoje Although still unknown to most of the riverine 37(supplement A): 17-23. population, the presence of H. littorale in the Pará River 1996. Peixes de outras águas. biodiversidade21(124): 36-44. em águas continentais do Brasil. Megadiversidade Agostinho, A.A., S.M. Thomaz and L.C. Gomes. 2005. Conservação da fromsub-basin atmospheric will most likely air, this soon species be noticed, possesses since as other well 1(1): 70-78. In as the previously mentioned ability to extract oxygen Alves,P.S. C.B.M. Pompeu and (ed.). P.S. Pompeu. Peixes do 2001. rio das A faunaVelhas: de passado peixes eda presente bacia do. Belo rio das Velhas no final do século XX; p. 165-187 Alves, C.B.M. and teleosts. This includes ample tolerance to temperature variationscharacteristics (Brauner that et are al. typical of successful invading Horizonte: SEGRAC. In Alves, C.B.M. and P.S. Pompeu.Historical 2005. changes Historical in large changes river fish in assemblages the rio das 1995) and long periods out of ofVelhas the Americas fish fauna – Brazil; p. 587-602 Hughes, R.M., J.N. Rinne and B. Calamusso (ed.). the water (Alves and Pompeu 2001), ability to travelet peixes da bacia. doBethesda: rio São FranciscoAmerican emFisheries Minas SocietyGerais. MG.BiotaSymposium. (ifal. only for short distances) on land (Burgess 1989), Alves, C.B.M. and C.G. Leal. 2010. Aspectos da conservação da fauna de euryphagous diet (Winemiller 1987; Mol 1995; Hahn 2(6): 26-50. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia de 1997; Pompeuet al. and Godinho 2003), high fecundity rates Barbosa,Pesca J.M. and E.C. Soares. 2009. Perfil da ictiofauna da bacia do São (Hostache and Mol 1998),et al. 2001). parental care (Winemiller 1987; Francisco: estudo preliminar. Nakatani 2001) and non-migratory reproductive 4(1): 155-172. In Bazzoli,H.P. Godinho N. 2003. and Parâmetros A.L. Godinho reprodutivos (ed.). Águas, peixes de peixes e pescadores de interesse do São behavior (Nakatani comercialFrancisco dasdo rioMinas São Gerais Francisco,. região de Pirapora, MG; p. 286-300 Despite the previouslyH. littorale , mentioned the results attributes of the present that contribute significantly to the colonization of new HoplosternumBelo Horizonte: littorale PUC) Minas.as an adaptation to investigation reinforce that both the transformation of Brauner, C.J., C.L. Ballantyne, D.J. Randall and A.L. Val. 1995.Canadian Air breathingJournal of loticenvironments environments by into lentic habitats (Agostinho et al. Zoologyin the armored catfish ( et al. 2008) and the pollution of water hypoxic, acid and Anhydrogen Atlas ofsulphide Freshwater rich waters. and Marine Catfishes – A preliminary 73(4): Survey 739-744. of the Siluriformes et al. Burgess, W.E. 1989. but2005; also Jonhson the establishment of non-native opportunistic the relative success of invasive species.. Neptune Biological City: InvasionsTFH. 784 p. teleosts.bodies (Crooks 2011) favor not only the expansion, Crooks, J.A., A.L. Chang and G.M. Ruiz. 2011. Aquatic pollution increases 13(1): 165-176. Hoplosternum littorale (Hancock, et al. 2010), Duxbury,1828) C., on J. Holland aquatic and macroinvertebrates. M. Pluchino. 2010. Aquatic Experimental Invasions evaluation of we Since believe it is virtually that environmental impossible to education eradicate established associated 102.the impacts of the invasive catfish Gerking, S.D. 1994. Feeding ecology of fishes 5(1): 97- withallochthonous the conservation fish (Lévêque and integrated 1997; Gozlan management of . San Diego: Academic Press. new introductions and minimize the effect of biological 416 p. Journal of Fish Biology the drainage systems are fundamental strategies to avoid Gozlan, R.E., J.R. Britton, I. Cowx and G.H. Copp. 2010. Current knowledge invasions. However, we point out that although there are on non-native freshwater fish introductions. alimentar76(4): 751-786. diário de Hoplosternum littorale (Hancock) (Siluriformes, Brazil, the theme “non-native species and the damaging Hahn, N.S., V.L.L. Almeida and K.D.G. Luz. 1997. Alimentação e ciclo numerous established hydrographic basin committees in Paraná, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia effects of introductions” is often not treated with Callichthyidae) nas lagoas Guaraná e Patos1997. daThe planície diversity do of alto fishes rio. 14(1): 57-64. governmental agencies. Aiming to reverse this scenario, Helfman, G.S., B.B. Collette and D.E. Facey. due importance by the environmental managers and Malden: BlackwellHoplosternum Science. 528 littorale p. Hostache, G. and J.H. Mol. 1998. Reproductive biology of the neotropicalAquatic et al. (2010), Livingarmored Resources catfish (Siluriformes-Callichthyidae): weas well suggest as the the recommendations inclusion of permanent proposed environmental by Agostinho a synthesis stressing the role of the floating bubble nest. and Júlio-Jr. (1996), Vitule (2009) and Gozlan impoundments 11(3): facilitate 173-185. biological invasions into freshwaters. education programs for students, riverine populations, Johnson,Frontiers P.T.J., in Ecology J.D. Olden and the and Environment M.J.V. Zanden. 2008. Dam invaders:

of Hoplosternum littorale 6(7): 357-363. fishermen, aquaculture farmers, ornamental fish traders Jucá-Chagas, R. andNeotropical L. Boccardo. Ichthyology 2006. The air-breathing cycle population about the negative effects of this practice, and (Hancock, 1828) (Siluriformes: and aquarium hobbyists, with the goals of warning the Callichthyidae). 4(3): 371-373. Latini,Fisheries A.O. and Management M. Petrere-Jr. and 2004. Ecology Reduction of a native fish fauna by especially of clarifying that when it comes to introductions, alien species: Biodiversityan example dynamicsfrom Brazilian and conservation: freshwater thetropical freshwater lakes. the alien species later on. fish of tropical Africa 11(2): 71-79. it is much better to prevent them, than trying to eradicate Lockwood,Lévêque, C. J.L.,1997. M.F. Hoopes and M.P. Marchetti. 2007. Invasion Ecology. . Cambridge:304 Cambridge p. University Press. 438 p. Acknowledgments: Estudos ecológicos em comunidades de peixes tropicaisMaryland: Blackwell Publishing. We would like to thank the Biologists Alex S. Lowe-McConnell, R. 1999. Chavier and Magdiel J. Pozza for their help in the capture of the collected . São Paulo: EDUSP. 534 p. specimens, Zoologist Rafael M. C. Melo for the figure editing, Mário C. S. Luz, S.C.S., A.C.A. El-Deir, E.J. França and W. Severi. 2009. Estrutura da de Pinna and Osvaldo T. Oyakawa for the preservation of the specimens assembléia de peixes de uma lagoa marginal desconectada do rio, Check List | Volume 7 | Issue 5 | 2011 624 Salvador-Jr and Silva | Distribution extension of Hoplosternum littorale in Brazil

Biota Neotropica 117-129. In Check List of no submédio rio São Francisco, Pernambuco. 9(3): Reis,the R.E. Freshwater 2003. Family Fishes Callichthyidae of South and (Armored Central America catfishes); p. 291-309 de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris-Jr. (ed.). Magalhães, A.L.B. A.L.B., 2007. R.F. Novos Andrade, registros T.F. Rattonde peixes and exóticos M.F.G. para Brito. o Estado 2002. Sato, Y. and E.V. Sampaio. . Porto Alegre: Oncorhynchus mykiss 24(1): 250-252. Francisco,EDIPUCRS. com ênfase no reservatório de Três Marias, Minas Gerais; In 2005. A ictiofauna na região do altoEcologia São Grande,Ocorrência Minas da truta Gerais, arco-íris Brasil. Boletim do Museu de (Walbaun, Biologia 1792) Mello de reservatórios Leitão(Pisces: Salmonidae) no alto rio Airuoca e tributários, bacia do rio p. 251-274 Nogueira, M.G., R. Henry and A. Jorcin (org.). Ontogenetic diet shifts and diet overlap among three . São Carlos: Rima Editora. Southeastern (N. Sér.): 33-40. Journal of Fish Biology Shafland,Naturalist P.L., K.B. Gestring and M.S. Stanford. 2008. Categorizing Mol, J.H. 1995. introduced fishes collected from public waters. closely related neotropical armored catfishes. Juramento 7(4):reservoir, 627-636. São Francisco river basin, Minas Gerais, Brazil. 47(5):predador 788-807. exógeno sobre um ecossistema aquático equilibrado. I – Silva,Revista A.R.M., Brasileira G.B. Santos de andZoologia T. Ratton. 2006. Fish community structure of Molina, W.F., H.C.B. Gurgel, L.J.S. Vieira and B. Canan. 1996.Revista Ação UNIMAR de um 2007. Benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages 23(3): structure 832–840. in two headwater streams, Extinções locais e medidas de conservação genética. Tupinambás,south-eastern T.H., Brazil. M. Revista Callisto Brasileira and G.B. de Zoologia Santos. 18(2): 335-345. Ovos e Larvas de Peixes de Nakatani,Água DoceK., A.A. – DesenvolvimentoAgostinho, G. Baumgartner, e Manual deA. Identificação Bialetzki, P.V. Sanches, 24(4): 887-897. EDUEM.M.C. Makrakis 378 p. and C.S. Pavanelli. 2001. Vitule, J.R.S. 2009. IntroduçãoNeotropical de peixes Biology em ecossistemas and Conservation continentais Hoplosternum. Maringá: (Gill, 111-122.brasileiros: revisão, comentários e sugestões de ações contra o inimigo quase invisível.Fisheries ecology of floodplain rivers 4(2): Oliveira, J.C. and R. Moraes-Jr. 1997. Presença de Longman. 317 p. Boletim1858) (Teleostei, do Museu Siluriformes, Nacional-Nova Callichthyidae) Série Zoologia nas bacias dos rios São Welcomme, R.L. 1979. . London: Pelicice,Francisco, F.M. and Paraíba A.A. Agostinho. do Sul e Alto 2008. Paraná: Fish fauna1º registro destruction e comentários. after the Hoplosternum littorale, in the Venezuelan llanos with the comments introduction of a non-native predator (Cichla kelberi 383: 1-8. Winemiller,on the K. possible O. 1987. function Feeding ofand the reproductive enlarged malebiology pectoral of the currito, spines. reservoir. Biological Invasions 1789-1801. Environmental Biology of Fishes Pereira, S.B., F.F. Pruski, D.D. Silva and M.M. Ramos. 2007.) in a Neotropical Estudo do Zaret, T.M. and R.T. Paine. 1973. Species introduction in a tropical lake. comportamento hidrológico do 11(8): Rio São Francisco e seus principais Science 20(3): 219-227. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 182(4111): 449-455. afluentes. tropical11(6): 615-622. lake in Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology Pompeu, P.S. and C.B.M. Alves. 2003. Local fish extinction in a small 1(2): 55-57. Pompeu,Francisco; P.S. andp. 183-194 H.P. Godinho. In H.P. Godinho 2003. Dieta and A.L. e estruturaGodinho (ed.). trófica Águas, das comunidadespeixes e pescadores de peixes do São Francisco de três lagoas das Minas marginais Gerais do médio São

Pompeu, P.S. and H.P. Godinho. . Belo Horizonte: PUC Minas. Received: January 2011 middle São Francisco River, Brazil.2006. Neotropical Effects of Ichthyology extended absence of Last Revised: July 2011 433.flooding on the fish assemblages of three floodplain lagoons in the Accepted: July 2011 4(4): 427- Published online: October 2011 Editorial responsibility: Rubens Pazza

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