The Mind of an Engineer Purnendu Ghosh • Baldev Raj Editors

The Mind of an Engineer

123 Editors Purnendu Ghosh Baldev Raj Birla Institute of Scientific Research National Institute of Advanced Studies Jaipur, Rajasthan Bangalore, Karnataka India India

ISBN 978-981-10-0118-5 ISBN 978-981-10-0119-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-0119-2

Library of Congress Control Number: 2015955356

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Springer Science+Business Media Singapore Pte Ltd. is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Preface

The Indian National Academy of Engineering (INAE) advocates, encourages and practices excellence in all endeavours in engineering, technology and related sci- ences to meet the challenges and find solution to the problems of national impor- tance. INAE provides an active and interactive eminent forum to augment and expedite developmental activities in India, especially those related to engineering and technology. Its activities include formulation of technology policies, promotion of quality engineering education and R&D. The INAE represents India at the International Council of Academies of Engineering and Technological Sciences (CAETS), and currently the INAE leads the Council. The initiative, the first of its kind, taken by the INAE to publish this book—The Mind of an Engineer—is an attempt to reflect the personal experiences of some of its Fellows in the fields of science, technology and engineering. The book deals with the reminiscences, eureka moments, inspirations, challenges and opportunities in the journey of the professionals towards achievements and self-realisation. The book contains 58 chapters on diverse subjects that depict the beauty and diversity of the mind. It truly reflects the way the mind of an engineer works. Engineers have meaningful and constructive minds. The meaning of the mind is understood in the context of the basic needs, orientations, experiences, emotions and consciousness of an individual. Meaning is interactive, selective and value-driven. It is said that meaning is like a large map or Web, gradually filled in by the cooperative work of countless generations. The world is changing, and to keep pace with the new world, new creative minds are evolving. Some new realities are arising. Some old issues shall remain and some old ones will be forgotten. Truly as the Millennium Project of the UN says “Some future issues are further in the future than others”. One of the future issues of engineering relates to how technology would influence a growing mind, and what would be the consequential ethical obligations of engineers to the society. We thank Dr. B.N. Suresh, President of the INAE, the Editorial Board of the INAE, and our Fellow colleagues of the INAE for their valuable contributions in publishing this compendium. Their expertise, views and perspectives, we hope, will

v vi Preface be meaningful for the engineers, particularly the young professionals. This book would not have been possible without the generous support of the officials of INAE, ably led by the Executive Director Brig. Rajan Minocha and the former Executive Director, Brig. S.C. Marwaha. We thank all of them most sincerely. We gratefully acknowledge the editorial help and support of Dr. Subimal Sinha Roy, Mr. Aninda Bose, Ms. Kamiya Khatter, and Mr. P.K. Manoharan. Seeing the response of our colleagues, we hope to develop a sequel of the book. We keenly look forward to receiving your impressions and response to enrich the future volumes of The Mind of an Engineer.

Purnendu Ghosh Baldev Raj Contents

The Mind of an Engineer ...... 1 Purnendu Ghosh Directed and Systematic Approaches Towards Sustainability in the Twenty-first Century ...... 11 Baldev Raj Treating Challenges as Opportunities...... 19 B.N. Suresh Mind to Chemical Markets: Engineering and Managing the Complex Journey ...... 29 K.V. Raghavan The Search for Meaningful Purpose: Reminiscences of an Indian Engineer ...... 37 Sanak Mishra An Engineer or a Scientist—A Perpetual Dilemma ...... 43 Indranil Manna Is an Engineer’s Mind Different?...... 53 P.S. Goel Technology and the Global Community ...... 57 N.R. Narayana Murthy The Anatomy of Change ...... 63 Tarun K. Ghose India’s Tryst with Destiny Establishment of the Highest Level of Engineering and Technology ...... 71 Mahesh C. Chaturvedi Glimpses from a Lifetime in Teaching and Research ...... 79 S.C. Dutta Roy

vii viii Contents

My Four Decades in BARC...... 95 A.K. Anand Think to Do Something ...... 101 Anil Kumar Sinha The Milestones of My Professional Life ...... 107 Arun Kumar De Reminiscing My Days at the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), Trivandrum...... 111 Dhruba Basu Chasing a Dream ...... 123 Dipak Mazumdar My Eureka Moment ...... 129 N.S. Mohan Ram My Reminiscences...... 135 Ahindra Ghosh From ‘Nowhere to Somewhere’ ...... 143 D.N. Singh My Life in an Encouraging Educational and Professional Environment...... 149 Ganti Prasada Rao The Journey from a Village as a Farmer’s Son to Fashion World as a Scientist in Leather ...... 161 J. Raghava Rao Forty Years of Academics and Administration: Experiences and Lessons ...... 167 K.G. Ranga Raju Creativity—A Personal Challenge ...... 171 M.L. Munjal Life—A Journey of Learning...... 175 N. Raghavan Some Views and Experience on the Mind of an Engineer ...... 185 C.G. Krishnadas Nair A Tribute to Some of My “Teachers” Who Mattered the Most ...... 195 Nikhil R. Pal A Journey of Self-realization ...... 201 Rajaram Bojji Contents ix

A Sketch of My Life ...... 211 Rabindranath Ghosh A Humble Journey ...... 225 Soumitro Banerjee My Experiences ...... 231 S. Kalyanaraman My Experiences in Creating Indigenous Technology Enterprise in India ...... 237 P.S. Deodhar My Journey as a Materials Engineer ...... 245 Samir V. Kamat My Experiences at IIT Kanpur ...... 251 Journey I Enjoyed Amidst Challenges ...... 257 S.C. Chetal Reminisces from the Past ...... 261 Sushmita Mitra Engineering Challenges—A Personal Account ...... 267 Vasant Manohar From Academia, with Love ...... 273 Ashutosh Sharma The House of Education ...... 279 M.S. Ananth Need of Promotion of Innovation in Indian Engineering Institutes..... 287 V.G. Gaikar From Physics to Engineering Physics ...... 297 K.L. Chopra Physicist or Metallurgist ...... 309 R. Krishnan Commercialization of Indigenously Developed Technologies ...... 317 M.O. Garg Hydrodynamic Cavitation Technology: Industrial Applications ...... 329 A.B. Pandit R&D—Another Oxymoron? ...... 341 Raja Manuri Venkata Gopala Krishna Rao x Contents

Ten Levers of Smart Engineering ...... 355 Aloknath De Life with Experiments ...... 359 K. Muralidhar Playing with Fuzziness and Ambiguity in Patterns—Challenges and Achievements ...... 363 A View of India Through Kolam Patterns and Their Grammatical Representation ...... 375 Kamala Krithivasan A Logical Perspective of Formal Verification: A Narrative on the Genesis and Evolution of the Formal Verification Group at IIT Kharagpur...... 385 Pallab Dasgupta Engineering and Innovation in Manufacturing and Production of Akash Missile System ...... 391 Prahlada The First Steps Toward Self-reliance in Solid Propellant Rockets ..... 401 Rajaram Nagappa Challenges in Developing Indigenous Technology ...... 409 R.D. Kale The Challenge of Developing a High-Speed Rotor Assembly—How It Was Met ...... 415 Ram Kanwar Garg My Tryst with Indigenous Armour Development ...... 423 T. Balakrishna Bhat Inertial Sensors and Navigation Systems ...... 427 Suresh Chandra Gupta Perspectives on Technology Trends in Biopharmaceuticals Manufacture ...... 433 K.V. Subramaniam The Hydropower Development in India—Challenges and Way Forward ...... 441 M.M. Madan Integrated Coastal Zone Management of Chilika Lake ...... 455 R. Sundaravadivelu

Author Index ...... 457 Editors and Contributors

About the Editors

Purnendu Ghosh is the Executive Director, Birla Institute of Scientific Research, Jaipur. Prior to this he was a Professor at Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi. He worked at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland; University of Melbourne, Australia; and National Research Centre for Biotechnology (GBF), Braunschweig, Germany. He has taken a lead role in augmenting bioprocess engi- neering and biotechnology activities in the country as a member of several Task Forces of the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India. He is currently the Chief Editor of Publications of Indian National Academy of Engineering. He is a columnist of a leading newspaper group. Besides technical publications, he has written books of different genre.

Baldev Raj is the Director of National Institute of Advanced Studies, Bangalore. His pursuits in basic science and its interdisciplinary application have found expressions of merit and distinction in materials sci- ence and technologies, cultural heritage and medical technologies providing solutions to challenges in var- ied fields of energy, water, health care and manufac- turing. He is known for his leadership and experience to overcome the barriers between academic research and industry. His work on non-destructive evaluation and different aspects of materials is well recognised. He is the Fellow of 4 Academies of Sciences and Engineering in India, German Academy of Science, The World Academy of Sciences, International Medical Sciences and Member of Indian Institute of Metals.

xi xii Editors and Contributors

Contributors

A.B. Pandit is a Professor at Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai. He initiated a major research programme on cavitationally induced transformations and developed the novel technique of hydrodynamic cavitation. He has designed many industrial systems in addition to over 300 research publications. His research group is internationally recognised, and has many industry and academic collaborations. Currently, he is involved in the development of cavitating water disinfecting hand pump and the prototypes are under- going field trials.

A.K. Anand was the Director, Technical Coordination and International Relations Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; the Director, Reactor Projects Group, leading the programme for nuclear propulsion for the Indian nuclear submarine programme; and also the Executive Director, Kudankulam Project, in Nuclear Power Corporation. At present, he is the Director Technical, Microtrol Sterilisation Services Private Ltd., Mumbai.

Ahindra Ghosh was with the Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, IIT Kanpur. He was also associated with Tata Research Development and Design Centre, Pune, and Tata Steel, Jamshedpur. He has to his credit 5 books and about 90 research publi- cations. For the last three decades, his principal interest has been the theory of metallurgical processes in iron and steelmaking with specific emphasis on sponge iron, steelmaking, solidification, ingot and continuous cast- ing. He had significant interactions with industry, including several R&D collaborations with steel plants. Editors and Contributors xiii

Aloknath De is the Chief Technology Officer of Samsung R&D Institute India in Bangalore and also the Corporate VP for Digital Media and Communication activities pertaining to mobile and consumer appliances. He has more than twenty-five years of industrial and research experiences including the most recent one in ST-Ericsson, where he was the Director and Country Manager. He is a recipient of “Alexander Graham Bell Prize” in Canada and received IETE Memorial Award in India. He has served as an Adjunct Professor at IIT Delhi and an AICTE-INAE Distinguished Visiting Professor at IIT Roorkee. He is a senior member of IEEE, and a Fellow of IE, IETE and INAE.

Anil Kumar Sinha is the Head, Centre for Design & Development Section, BARC, Trombay. He has published/presented nearly 100 technical papers and has received BARCOA Award for the design of a special cutting m/c to remove the coolant channel from one of the power reactors, special Group Achievement Award for cutting and removing coolant channel from Reactor, HomiBhabha Science & Technology Award for design and development of various types of high-precision instruments.

Arun Kumar De embraces the characteristics and qualities of a professional engineer, a researcher, an educationist and an administrator. After he had worked as a design and development engineer in a sewing machine factory in , he switched over to teaching and joined IIT Bombay. He then went to CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Institute, Durgapur, as Director and then returned to IIT Bombay as Director. He was the first Chairman of Atomic Energy Regulatory Board. He is a Fellow of INAE and Institution of Engineers. He has been accorded with the Lifetime Achievement Award by the Institution of Engineers (India) and by IIT Bombay. He has published over thirty research and other technical papers. He has penned a book entitled “Meandering Streams”. xiv Editors and Contributors

Ashutosh Sharma is the Secretary, Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India. He is the founding PI and Coordinator of Nanosciences Centre and Advanced Imaging Centre at IIT Kanpur. He has served on the Governing Boards/Councils of over 15 prominent scientific institutions in India and has had a broad international experience as a research faculty at SUNY Buffalo School of Medicine, visiting faculty at University of Texas at Austin, University of Western Ontario, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg and the World Class University Program of South Korea and as a Member of the European Research Commission. He has published around 290 papers, filed over 10 patents and mentored a nanotechnology start-up. He is a recipient of numerous honours and awards including the inaugural Infosys Prize in Engineering and Computer Science, TWAS Science Prize of the World Academy of Sciences, Bessel Research Award of the Humboldt Foundation, J.C. Bose Fellowship, Bhatnagar Prize, Homi J. Bhabha Award of UGC, The Syed Husain Zaheer Medal of INSA, Distinguished Alumnus Award of IIT Kanpur and the Lifetime Achievement Award of the Indian Science Congress. His other interests are in ancient history and philosophy, poetry and art.

B.N. Suresh is presently the President of Indian National Academy of Engineering. He is Vikram Sarabhai Distinguished Professor at ISRO HQ, Bangalore. He is a member of Board of Governors, IIT Madras, and the Chairman, Research Board for Aeronautical Development Establishment, DRDO. He was the Director, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Trivandrum, and Founder Director of Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Trivandrum. He was the Member of Space Commission and also the Distinguished Professor at IIT Bombay, and MIT Manipal. He has won several awards and honours including Lifetime Contribution Award in Engineering by INAE, Karnataka State Rajyotsava Award. In recognition of his meritorious contributions for Science and Technology, Government of India conferred on him and . Editors and Contributors xv

C.G. Krishnadas Nair held many positions in HAL and contributed significantly to the indigenous devel- opment of aerospace materials and process technolo- gies and led the design and development of Advanced Light Helicopter, new Jet trainer and Light Armed Helicopter. He founded Society of Indian Aerospace Technologies and Industries. He served as Vice Chancellor of Mahaveer Academy of Technology and Science, Raipur. He is currently a Professor and a Chairperson of the Governing Council of IIAEM and also the Chancellor of the Jain deemed University. He has authored 24 books and about 200 research and technical papers. He is the recipient of Lifetime Achievement Award from INAE and has received several national and international awards, including Padma Shri, Scope Award for Best Chief Executive, Birla Gold Medal Award, National Aeronautical Prize, Vasvik Research Award, Omprakash Bhasin Award, National Metallurgist Award, IIM Platinum Award, Swadeshi Science Puraskara and Gold Cross Award from ComiteD’honneurdu Meriteet Devouement Francais, France.

D.N. Singh is an Institute Chair Professor at the Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay. His main research area is Environmental Geotechnology. He is the Editor-in-Chief of Environmental Geotechnics, UK. He is the recipient of Young Teachers’ Award, Shamsher Prakash Foundation Award, John R. Booker Excellence Award and Richard Feynman Prize. He is a fellow of American Society of Civil Engineers.

Dhruba Basu has spent the major part of his career in ISRO designing and developing important electronic systems for the country’s satellite launch vehicle pro- grams and was responsible for the total R&D activities in Electronics in VSSC. He led a team of engineers in the development of on-board computer systems for India’s satellite launchers. He is the recipient of several awards, including Calcutta University Silver medal and best article award of the Space Engineers’ Association. He is the Fellow of INAE. xvi Editors and Contributors

Dipak Mazumdar currently holds the Ministry of Steel Chair Professorship at IIT Kanpur. He has been teaching and conducting research in steelmaking for over three decades.

Ganti Prasada Rao worked at PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, and IIT Kharagpur. He was also at UMIST, Manchester, England and Lehrstuhlfür Elektrische Steuerung und Regelung, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany, University Henri Poincare, Nancy, France, and at Brunel University, UK. He was the Scientific Advisor to the Directorate of Power and Desalination Plants, Water and Electricity Department, Government of Abu Dhabi and the International Foundation for Water Science and Technology. He is presently a member of the UNESCO-EOLSS Joint Committee. He has authored 4 books and 150 research papers. He is the coeditor of Identification of Continuous Systems—Methodology and Computer Implementation. He received the IIT Kharagpur Silver Jubilee Research Award, The Systems Society of India Award and Honorary Professorship of the East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai. He is the Fellow of the IEEE. The International Foundation for Water Science and Technology has established, in his honour, Systems and Information Laboratory at IIT Kharagpur.

Indranil Manna currently the Director of IIT Kanpur is an educationist and materials engineer with wide-ranging research interests covering structure– property correlation and modelling in nanometric met- als and ceramics, laser/plasma-assisted surface engi- neering, nanofluid and bainitic steel. Before moving to IIT Kanpur, he headed CSIR-CGCRI in Kolkata. Earlier, he was the Professor at IIT Kharagpur. While serving at IIT Kharagpur, he worked as a guest scientist in different renowned Institutions/Universities abroad such as Max Planck Institute at Stuttgart, Technical University of Clausthal, Liverpool University, Nanyang Technological University and University of Ulm. He has over 250 journal publications and received several Editors and Contributors xvii awards. He is a Fellow of all the national academies of science (INSA, IASc, NASI) and engineering (INAE) in India. He is a J.C. Bose Fellow of DST and a recipient of TWAS prize for engineering sciences. He is currently the Vice-President of the Indian Institute of Metals and the INAE.

J. Raghava Rao is presently working as the Chief Scientist in the Chemical Division of the Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai. His contributions include biomediated tanning, cleaner and greener methods of leather processing, waterless tanning and effective utilisation of tannery solid waste for value addition. He has received several national awards and international recognitions. He has more than 230 pub- lications in reputed journals. Several of his technologies developed have been successfully commercialised.

K.L. Chopra after working in senior R&D positions in Canada, Germany and USA joined IIT Delhi as a Senior Professor and also served as Head and Dean. He served as the Director of IIT Kharagpur. After retire- ment, he served IITD as IREDA Chair Prof of Solar Energy and is presently a Distinguished Honorary Professor of several institutes. He has authored/coauthored/edited 10 books, published over 430 research papers, held 4 US patents and transferred 10 know-hows to industry in the areas related to thin films and nanomatter. His book “Thin Film Phenomena” is considered as the Bible of the field. Recipient of numerous awards which include S.S. Bhatnagar Prize, Citation Laureate Award of ISI and Lifetime Achievement Awards of Solar Energy Society, Indian Vacuum Society and Indian National Academy of Engineering. Fellow of all Science and Engineering Academies of India, he has been conferred Padma Shri by the Government of India for his contributions to science and engineering. xviii Editors and Contributors

K. Muralidhar is presently faculty of Mechanical Engineering at Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur. He has published over 100 international journal pub- lications, seven books and monographs, and several book chapters. He has developed optical measurement techniques and numerical algorithms in the area of fluid and thermal sciences. His work has led to better understanding of transport phenomena in porous media, wake dynamics, flow control, crystal growth and biomedical flows. His research finds applications in enhanced oil recovery, gas hydrates, regenerators, nuclear waste disposal and the growth of optical crys- tals. Presently, he is coordinating a National initiative on Solar Hydrogen Generation, a multi-institutional project on CFD code development on unstructured grids and an Institute-level initiative on futuristic mechanics. He is the immediate past-President of National Society of Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power (India).

K.V. Raghavan is a Fellow of the INAE, Indian Institute of Chemical Engineers, A P Academy of Sciences and a Distinguished Fellow of University of Grants Commission. He was the Director of Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, and Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Chairman of Recruitment and Assessment Centre of DRDO, and Distinguished Professor of INAE. He is currently the Vice-President (International Cooperation) of the INAE. His areas of specialisation are chemical process development and design, reaction engineering, simulation and modelling and chemical hazard analysis. He published more than 120 papers, filed 45 patents and edited 3 books. His applied research efforts contributed to the successful development of more than 25 chemical processes with high industrial impact in bulk organics, specialities, oilfield chemicals and fluoroorganics.

K.G. Ranga Raju taught at the IIT Roorkee. During his stay at Roorkee, he held several administrative positions including those of Pro-Vice Chancellor and Deputy Director. His research interests include fluvial hydraulics, hydraulic structures, disturbed boundary layers and hydrometry. He is the recipient of several prestigious awards such as the Ippen Award and the Honorary fel- lowship of the International Association of Hydraulic Engineering and Research. During the last ten years, he has been involved in the resolution of water disputes both at the national and at the international levels. Editors and Contributors xix

Kamala Krithivasan was a professor working in the area of theoretical computer science, especially Formal Language Theory and its applications and Unconventional Models of Computing at the Computer Science and Engineering Department, IIT Madras. She has been associated in the area of array grammars, graph grammars, L-systems, application to Kolam pat- terns, DNA and membrane computing. She has also been involved in computational geometry having worked on optimisation and path planning problems. She has delivered a series of lectures on Discrete Mathematical Structures, Formal Languages, Automata and Computation under the National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning. She has more than 80 publications in international journals and more than 100 publications in conferences. She visited the University of Maryland, Concordia University, and MPI, Saarbrucken, Germany. She is a Fellow of the INAE and was awarded the Fulbright Fellowship.

K.V. Subramaniam is the President of Reliance Life Sciences, Dhirubhai Ambani Life Sciences Centre, Mumbai.

M.L. Munjal has been on the Faculty of the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. Currently, he is the Honorary Professor and INSA Senior Scientist at IISc. He has published over 190 papers and has authored a monograph Acoustics of Ducts and Mufflers, a text- book on Noise and Vibration Control and contributed chapters in a couple of international handbooks. He has over 100 industrial consultancy projects in different aspects of noise control and quieter designs, with par- ticular application to automobiles. He is the Convener of the Facility for Research in Technical Acoustics, Distinguished Member of the Institute of Noise Control Engineering, USA, and an Honorary Fellow of the International Institute of Acoustics and Vibration. He was the Chairman of the National Committee for xx Editors and Contributors

Noise Pollution Control and President of the Acoustical Society of India. He is a Member of the Editorial Board of the International Journal of Acoustics and Vibration. He is a Fellow of the INAE and Indian National Science Academy and Member of the European Academy of Sciences.

M.M. Madan has more than 40 years of experience in the field of hydropower. He is the President and CEO (Hydro Business) at Jindal Power Ltd. He is the Director on Board in many hydropower companies. He was the Chief Executive Officer of Malana Power Company Ltd. and AllainDuhangan Hydro Power Ltd. at LNJ Bhilwara Group. He was the Executive Director at NHPC. He is the recipient of CBI&P-I.N.Sinha Award for his contribution in Water Resources Engineering. He has published over 210 technical articles/papers and has also published a Book on Tunnelling. He is a Member of International Society of Rock Mechanics, Tunnelling Association of India, Indian National Hydropower Association, Indian Society of Rock Mechanics and Tunnelling Technology, Chartered Engineer and Fellow, Institution of Engineers (India), Fellow, Institution of Valuers and Fellow of the INAE.

M.O. Garg is an acknowledged expert in petroleum refining and petrochemicals and has been instrumental in developing and commercialising large number of technologies in Indian refineries. He served Engineers India Limited and then Technip KTI before joining IIP. He has been the Director of the Indian Institute of Petroleum and also officiated as the Director General of CSIR. He has won several prestigious awards including OceanTex Excellence Award and CSIR Technology Awards and has published more than 255 papers in refereed journals and 39 national and international patents. He is a Fellow of the INAE. M.S. Ananth is currently Distinguished Visiting Professor in IIT Bombay. He was the Director of IIT Madras. During this time, he created the largest open-courseware programme in technical education in the world, the National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning and established the first university-based Research Park in India to promote innovation and entrepreneurship. He has been consis- tently rated a good teacher. He is a Fellow of the IIChE and the INAE. I&EC Research published the Editors and Contributors xxi

Ananth-Festschrift Issue in his honour as a “leading researcher, gifted teacher and visionary leader of higher education in India”. He was the Member of both the Scientific Advisory Committee to Cabinet and the National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council. He was a Visiting Professor in IIT Kanpur and IISc Bangalore, Princeton University and University of Colorado and RWTH, Aachen (Germany), and a Visiting Scientist in Aspen Tech and in the National Institute of Standards and Technology (USA).

Mahesh C. Chaturvedi was the Professor of Civil Engineering, IIT Delhi. He was also a Visiting Professor in Harvard University.

N.R. Narayana Murthy is the founder of Infosys. He articulated, designed and implemented the Global Delivery Model, which has become the foundation for the huge success in IT services outsourcing from India. He has led key corporate governance initiatives in India. He is an IT advisor to several Asian countries. He serves on the boards of Ford Foundation, United Nations Foundation, Rhodes Trust and the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. He has served as a member of the HSBC board and the Unilever board. He has served on the boards of Cornell University, Wharton School and the Graduate School of Business at Stanford University. He has also served as the Chairman of the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmadabad. He is a foreign member of the US National Academy of Engineering and a Fellow of the INAE. He is the recipient of the Hoover Medal, James C. Morgan Global Humanitarian Award, Ernst Weber Medal from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, USA. He is the first Indian winner of Ernst and Young’s World Entrepreneur of the Year award. He is also a Trustee of the Infosys Science Foundation. He has been awarded the Legion d’honneur by the Government of France, the CBE by the British government and the by the Government of India. xxii Editors and Contributors

N. Raghavan currently is an Adjunct Professor, IIT Madras. He was the Head, Hydel & Nuclear Projects Sector, Larsen & Toubro Limited, ECC Construction Division, Founder-Chief Executive/Director— L&T-Ramboll Consulting Engineers Limited, Principal Consultant—STUP Consultants Limited; The Cementation Co. Ltd.; PWD Tamil Nadu. His interests include construction management and methods and precast concrete. He received S.B. Joshi Memorial Award for Excellence in Bridge and Structural Engineering, has presented over 180 technical and other papers and talks and has been associated with various Indian and international forums.

Nikhil R. Pal is a Professor at the Electronics and Communication Sciences Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Calcutta. He was a Visiting Professor at the University of West Florida, USA, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Japan, and the National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan. His current research interest includes bioinformatics, brain science, fuzzy logic, data mining, machine learning, neural networks and evolu- tionary computation. He was the Editor-in-Chief of the IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems and has served the Editorial Board of several journals. He is a Fellow of the Institution of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers, Academy of Science and Technology, National Academy of Sciences, India, INAE, Indian National Science Academy, International Fuzzy Systems Association and a Fellow of IETE, USA.

N.S. Mohan Ram was the President, TVS Motor Company, Vice-President, Mukand Limited, the Head, Design Department of Mazagon Docks Ltd., and the Captain at the . He is currently the consultant of TVS Motor Company. His current interest is recycling automobiles at end of life. Among his honours and recognition are included Vishist Seva Medal, Das Gupta and VKRV Rao medals from FMS, FIE Foundation Medal for engineering management, Distinguished Alumnus of IIT Kharagpur, Vaswik Award for engi- neering excellence. He is a Fellow of the INAE. Editors and Contributors xxiii

P.S. Goel is Hony. Distinguished Professor at ISRO. Formerly, he was the Secretary, Ministry of Earth Sciences and Chairman Earth Commission, Director ISRO Satellite Centre, Chairman, Recruitment and Assessment Board, DRDO. He is a Fellow of the INAE.

Pallab Dasgupta is a Professor at the Department of Computer Science and Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. He works in the area of formal methods for electronic design automation and cyber-physical systems. He has published over 160 research papers, 3 books, 2 US patents and collaborated with leading companies including Intel, General Motors, Synopsys, IBM, Google, National Semiconductors and Semiconductor Research Corporation. He received the young scientist medals of INSA and INAE, the IBM Faculty Award and the IESA Technomentor Award.

Prahlada has served DRDO for 43 years in various capacities and positions. He has worked in ADE, DRDL and finally at the corporate Hqrs in Delhi as Distinguished Scientist and CCR&D. His main con- tribution is designing, developing, testing, production- ing and delivering The Akash Surface to Air Weapon System which has been inducted by the and the . He also held the position of Vice Chancellor, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology, Pune. xxiv Editors and Contributors

P.S. Deodhar is the Chairman, Aplab Limited, Thane. Formerly, he was the Chairman, Electronics Commission, GOI and Advisor (Electronics) to the PM.

R.D. Kale during his initial years worked for the design of the Fast breeder test reactor set-up at Kalpakkam nuclear centre, IGCAR. He sets up the Engineering Development Laboratory. He performed pioneering work in developing liquid sodium technol- ogy in the country. He has played a pivotal role in developing large sodium mechanical pumps for the PFBR. He has over 70 research publications. Currently, he is serving as a member of design safety committees of AERB.

R. Krishnan was the ScientificOfficer and Head Metallurgy Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai; Director, Naval Chemical and Metallurgical Laboratory, DRDO, Mumbai; Chief Controller R&D, DRDO, New Delhi; and Director, Gas Turbine Research Establishment, DRDO, Bengaluru.

R. Sundaravadivelu has 30 years of teaching, research and consultancy experience at IIT Madras in the field of Offshore, Coastal, Ship and Ports & Harbour Structures. He has published 60 journals and 160 conference papers and written two books. His current research interests are International projects on non-ship-shaped FPSO and mobile offshore base and Innovative projects on classic SPAR for offshore wind energy and JACKET SPAR for integrated Editors and Contributors xxv

OTEC-Offshore desalination system. He is a Fellow of the INAE, Member of the Bureau of Indian Standards on Port & Harbour structures. Rabindranath Ghosh is a metallurgical engineer. He worked in National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur, in various capacities. He is currently a Chair Professor at Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, IIT Kharagpur. He is known for his work on Remaining Life Assessment of critical engineering components for power plants, refineries and petro-chemical units; Development of physically based constitutive models for integrity assessment of engineering materials and components; Development of non-destructive tools and techniques for integrity assessment and failure analysis. Rajaram Bojji is the Director of Rajaram Bojji Inc. He has served Indian Railways for over 35 years. His publications deal with Rail–wheel Interaction. He received Government of India award for efficient run- ning of Konkan Railway, National Award for out- standing contribution to knowledge-based industries by the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industries, National Council for Occupational Health and Safety Award.

Rajaram Nagappa worked in Space Science and Technology Centre, Thiruvananthapuram. He retired as the Associate Director, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre. His major contributions include initiation of microsatellite—Anusat—development and establish- ment of a high temperature material characterisation laboratory. He is currently with the National Institute of Advanced Studies, Bengaluru, where he anchors the International Strategic and Security Studies Programme. In addition to the fellowship of the INAE, he is a Fellow of the Aeronautical Society of India, Fellow of the High Energy Material Society of India. He is the recipient of awards and honours from the Madras Institute of Technology, the Astronautical Society of India, DRDO and the International Astronautical Federation. xxvi Editors and Contributors

Ram Kanwar Garg was one of the team members engaged in the setting up of the Uranium Metal Plant and producing the first uranium metal ingot used for fabricating fuel for the CIRUS reactor. He then was responsible for process development, design and set- ting up of the plant for production of nuclear grade Zirconium Oxide at NFC Hyderabad. He led a team to develop the process for Lithium isotope separation and metal production. He developed centrifuge process and sets up the Rare Materials Plant at Mysore for Uranium enrichment. He represented India in the International Nuclear Fuel Cycle Evaluation Study. He served as the Chairman and Managing Director of Indian Rare Earths. Presently, he is the Chairman of a number of committees of the Ministry of Environment, Government of India, Central Pollution Control Board, Maharashtra Pollution Control Board and AERB. Raja Manuri Venkata Gopala Krishna Rao for over four decades had been intensely involved in the R&D studies pertaining to indigenization and application of polymer composite products for aerospace, non-aerospace and defense sectors. At NAL, he played vital roles in realisation of innumerable composite products based on home-grown technologies, to com- mercially viable and technology transfer levels. An internationally acknowledged Scientist of repute in Polymer Composite Materials, his motto is, “Cost Effective Appropriate Technologies for Composite Materials”.

S. Kalyanaraman is with the Department of Electronics and Communication, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bangalore. Formerly, he was the Programme Director, ISRO Satellite Centre, Bangalore. Editors and Contributors xxvii

S.C. Dutta Roy’s teaching and research experience includes teaching at an Indian University, two US Universities, one UK University and a long spell of four decades at IIT Delhi. His research has been recognised by several national awards, including the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize, and through Fellowship of the IEEE, and of all the national aca- demies of science and engineering and Distinguished Fellowship of the IETE. What he values most, how- ever, is the love, affection and appreciation of a very large number of students whom he interacted with personally, and an equally large number of his virtual students, spread throughout the world, through the five video courses he authored, which are available on YouTube. He enjoys listening to classical music and researching on its history and the history makers, no less than the enjoyment he derives out of his professional work.

S.C. Chetal has contributed to Indian sodium cooled fast reactor programme at Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam from where he super- annuated as Director. He has been the principal design engineer of indigenous designed 500 MWe Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor which is presently under com- missioning. He has also contributed to design of zir- conium and titanium sponge plant high-temperature retorts. Presently, he is associated with R&D pro- gramme of advanced ultra-supercritical power plant technology.

Samir V. Kamat has been working in Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory, Hyderabad. He has made significant contributions in the area of microstructure–mechanical property correlations in advanced materials such as particulate-reinforced metal matrix composites, ceramic matrix composites, aluminium–lithium alloys, high-strength aluminium alloys and titanium alloys which has led to their development for various defence applications. He has also been instrumental in setting up the state-of-the-art experimental facilities and expertise for characterisa- tion of mechanical behaviour of materials in small volumes, especially for materials used in MEMS. In recent times, he has made significant contributions to the development of Rare Earth Permanent Magnet Technology in DMRL. xxviii Editors and Contributors

Sanak Mishra is presently the Secretary General of the Indian Steel Association and Vice-President (Finance) of INAE. Prior to that he was the Vice-President of Arcelor Mittal. As founder member of the Corporate R&D Centre of the Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL), he rose to become a full-time Director on the Board of SAIL. He served as the Managing Director of its Rourkela Steel Plant. He is currently the Chairperson of the International Organisation of Minerals, Metals and Materials Societies. He received numerous awards, and among them are JRD Tata Award for Excellence in Corporate leadership in Metallurgical Industries, the National Metallurgist Award from the Ministry of Steel, the Centenary Year Distinguished Alumni Award from the Indian Institute of Science and the Distinguished Merit Alumni Award from the Department of Materials Science & Engineering at the University of Illinois. He is the Fellow of the National Academy of Sciences, INAE, Indian Institute of Metals, Institution of Engineers, Computer Society of India, Institute of Directors and the All India Management Association.

Sanjay Mittal is a Professor in the Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Kanpur. He is also the Head of the National Wind Tunnel Facility. His research interests include unsteady aerodynamics, computational fluid dynamics, experimental fluid mechanics, aerodynamic shape optimisation, fluid structure interactions, bluff body flows, linear stability analysis, flows in air intakes, aerodynamics of sports balls and train aerodynamics. He received the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize in Engineering Sciences and is a Fellow of the Indian National Science Academy, INAE, Indian Academy of Science and National Academy of Sciences India. Sankar Kumar Pal is a Distinguished Scientist of the Indian Statistical Institute and its former Director. He is widely recognised for his pioneering contributions in Machine Intelligence, Fuzzy Logic, Soft Computing and Pattern Recognition. He worked at the University of California, Berkeley, University of Maryland, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, and US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC. He is the Distinguished Visitor of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Computer Society, USA, for the Asia-Pacific Editors and Contributors xxix

Region, and held several visiting positions in Italy, Poland, Hong Kong and Australian universities. He is a coauthor of seventeen books and more than four hundred research publications. He has founded the Machine Intelligence Unit and the nation’s first Centre for Soft Computing Research at ISI. He is a Fellow of the IEEE, the Academy of Sciences for the Developing World (TWAS), International Association for Pattern Recognition, International Association of Fuzzy Systems and all the four National Academies for Science and Engineering in India. He has received the S.S. Bhatnagar Prize, Vikram Sarabhai Research Award, Jawaharlal Nehru Fellowship, NASA Tech Brief Award (USA), IETE-Wadhwa Gold Medal, Om Bhasin Award, G.D. Birla Award, Khwarizmi International Award, FICCI Award, INSA-ZaheerMedal, P.C. Mahalanobis Birth Centenary Gold Medal of Indian Science Congress for Lifetime Achievement, J.C. Bose Fellowship of the Government of India and INAE Chair Professorship. Soumitro Banerjee was in the faculty of the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, and then moved to the Indian Institute of Science Education & Research, Kolkata. His areas of interest are in the nonlinear dynamics of power electronic circuits and systems, and bifurcation theory for non-smooth sys- tems. He has published three books, served as an Associate Editor of the IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II, and as an Associate Editor of the IEEE Transaction on Circuits & Systems I. He is a recipient of the S.S. Bhatnagar Prize. He is a Fellow of the Indian Academy of Sciences, the INAE, the Indian National Science Academy, The World Academy of Sciences and the IEEE. Suresh Chandra Gupta assisted the legendry Dr. Vikram Sarabhai in building a rocket research and development team. He was instrumental in promoting technical autonomy for the ab initio development of various subsystems of a rocket. He has held several important positions, before taking over as Director, VSSC. He was a Member of the Space Commission of India and received Dr. Distinguished Professorship of ISRO. He continues to contribute actively to the Space Program. He has authored more than 100 technical papers, and a book entitled “Growing Rocket Systems and the Team”. He is a Distinguished Fellow of the Astronautical Society of India, and Fellow of the INAE, National Academy of Sciences. He was the President of Systems Society of India. He is a Member of the International Academy of Astronautics, Paris and Member, International Programme Committee on Automatic Control in Aerospace under the International Federation on Automatic xxx Editors and Contributors

Control. He has received National Systems Award, Shri Hari Om Ashram Prerit Dr. Vikram Sarabhai Research Award, VASVIK Research Award for Electrical Science & Technology, Aryabhata Award of the Astronautical Society of India, for lifetime contributions. He was presented by the Government of India, Department of Space “Outstanding Achievement Award”. Sushmita Mitra is a Professor at the Machine Intelligence Unit (MIU), Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata. She was in the RWTH, Aachen, Germany, as a DAAD Fellow, Visiting Professor in the Computer Science Departments of the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, Meiji University, Japan and Aalborg University Esbjerg, Denmark. She received the IEEE TNN Outstanding Paper Award for her pioneering work in neuro-fuzzy computing and the CIMPA-INRIA-UNESCO Fellowship. She is the author of three books, beside a host of other edited books. She is an Associate Editor of IEEE/ACM Trans. on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Information Sciences, Neurocomputing, and is a Founding Associate Editor of Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery (WIRE DMKD). She has more than 100 research publications. She is a Fellow of the IEEE, the INAE, and The National Academy of Sciences, India. She is an IEEE CIS Distinguished Lecturer.

T. Balakrishna Bhat worked at DMRL for more than three decades almost entirely in the area of armour materials for a wide range of applications. He also worked on the theoretical aspects of hot isostatic pressing of powders and on creep and oxidation of two phase materials. As a visiting scientist at JPL, Pasadena, he worked on high-strength honeycomb and cellular solids. He has authored books on explosive compaction, composite armour materials and modules and dynamics of unification. Editors and Contributors xxxi

Tarun K. Ghose initiated the department of food technology and biochemical engineering at Jadavpur University, H B Technological Institute, Kanpur, and Biochemical Engineering Research Centre at IIT Delhi. He was the Senior Fellow at US Army Natick Laboratory, visiting professor at Monash University, ETH Zurich and Laussane, Melbourne University, Rutgers University, Delaware University, National University of Singapore, and Technical University of Denmark. He established international series advances in biochemical engineering. He has served on a number of panel/committees of UN agencies. He received IIChE Ambrose-Congreve Gold Medal as Chemical Engineer of the year. He is a Fellow of INAE, Foreign member of the Academied’Agriculture de France, World Academy of Art and Science.

V.G. Gaikar is Bharat Petroleum Distinguished Professor of Chemical Engineering at the Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai. He has over 140 publications, 2 US patents, 1 PCT and 8 Indian Patents. Among major honours and awards are fel- lowship of INAE and Maharashtra Academy of Sciences, Young Scientist Medal of INSA, Young Associateship of IASc, Best Teacher Award of University of Mumbai, and Herdillia Award of Indian Institute of Chemical Engineers for Excellence in Basic Research in Chemical Engineering. His research interests include Reactive Separations, Engineering Separations through Molecular Simulations, Thermal Conversion of Biomass to Fuels, Clean Process Technology Development and Process Intensification using Microwave. He is also the Director of Aarti Drugs Ltd. and Bharat Oman Refineries Ltd. Currently, he is coordinating the Technical Education Quality Improvement Program for Institute of Chemical Technology, the Innovation Networking of TEQIP Institutes in Maharashtra and the DAE-ICT Centre for Chemical Engineering Education and Research. Vasant Manohar after working at English Electric Co. Ltd. in England for 2 years joined the Tata Power Company and later the Tata Consulting Engineers, where he rose to the position of the Director-in-Charge and CEO. His work has been mainly in the area of planning, design and management of major engineer- ing projects in India and Malaysia, Nepal, Laos and Iran. His areas of interest include energy matters, technology development and the management of high technology projects and organizations. He was xxxii Editors and Contributors awarded the prestigious Fellowship of the City & Guilds of London Institute, and named an Outstanding Engineer by IEEE Delhi chapter. He is a Fellow of the Institution of Engineers (India), a Life Senior member of IEEE of USA, Past-President of the Society of Power Engineers (India), Past Vice-President and Trustee of the Indian Nuclear Society. He is a Trustee of the Volkart Foundation. He is a Fellow of the INAE.