Chess Basics
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A Combinatorial Game Theoretic Analysis of Chess Endgames
A COMBINATORIAL GAME THEORETIC ANALYSIS OF CHESS ENDGAMES QINGYUN WU, FRANK YU,¨ MICHAEL LANDRY 1. Abstract In this paper, we attempt to analyze Chess endgames using combinatorial game theory. This is a challenge, because much of combinatorial game theory applies only to games under normal play, in which players move according to a set of rules that define the game, and the last player to move wins. A game of Chess ends either in a draw (as in the game above) or when one of the players achieves checkmate. As such, the game of chess does not immediately lend itself to this type of analysis. However, we found that when we redefined certain aspects of chess, there were useful applications of the theory. (Note: We assume the reader has a knowledge of the rules of Chess prior to reading. Also, we will associate Left with white and Right with black). We first look at positions of chess involving only pawns and no kings. We treat these as combinatorial games under normal play, but with the modification that creating a passed pawn is also a win; the assumption is that promoting a pawn will ultimately lead to checkmate. Just using pawns, we have found chess positions that are equal to the games 0, 1, 2, ?, ", #, and Tiny 1. Next, we bring kings onto the chessboard and construct positions that act as game sums of the numbers and infinitesimals we found. The point is that these carefully constructed positions are games of chess played according to the rules of chess that act like sums of combinatorial games under normal play. -
Top 10 Checkmate Pa Erns
GM Miguel Illescas and the Internet Chess Club present: Top 10 Checkmate Pa=erns GM Miguel Illescas doesn't need a presentation, but we're talking about one of the most influential chess players in the last decades, especially in Spain, just to put things in the right perspective. Miguel, so far, has won the Spanish national championship of 1995, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2004, 2005, 2007, and 2010. In team competitions, he has represented his country at many Olympiads, from 1986 onwards, and won an individual bronze medal at Turin in 2006. Miguel won international tournaments too, such as Las Palmas 1987 and 1988, Oviedo 1991, Pamplona 1991/92, 2nd at Leon 1992 (after Boris Gulko), 3rd at Chalkidiki 1992 (after Vladimir Kramnik and Joel Lautier), Lisbon Zonal 1993, and 2nd at Wijk aan Zee 1993 (after Anatoly Karpov). He kept winning during the latter part of the nineties, including Linares (MEX) 1994, Linares (ESP) Zonal 1995, Madrid 1996, and Pamplona 1997/98. Some Palmares! The ultimate goal of a chess player is to checkmate the opponent. We know that – especially at the higher level – it's rare to see someone get checkmated over the board, but when it happens, there is a sense of fulfillment that only a checkmate can give. To learn how to checkmate an opponent is not an easy task, though. Checkmating is probably the only phase of the game that can be associated with mathematics. Maths and checkmating have one crucial thing in common: patterns! GM Miguel is not going to show us a long list of checkmate examples: the series intends to teach patterns. -
UIL Text 111212
UIL Chess Puzzle Solvin g— Fall/Winter District 2016-2017 —Grades 4 and 5 IMPORTANT INSTRUCTIONS: [Test-administrators, please read text in this box aloud.] This is the UIL Chess Puzzle Solving Fall/Winter District Test for grades four and five. There are 20 questions on this test. You have 30 minutes to complete it. All questions are multiple choice. Use the answer sheet to mark your answers. Multiple choice answers pur - posely do not indicate check, checkmate, or e.p. symbols. You will be awarded one point for each correct answer. No deductions will be made for incorrect answers on this test. Finishing early is not rewarded, even to break ties. So use all of your time. Some of the questions may be hard, but all of the puzzles are interesting! Good luck and have fun! If you don’t already know chess notation, reading and referring to the section below on this page will help you. How to read and answer questions on this test Piece Names Each chessman can • To answer the questions on this test, you’ll also be represented need to know how to read chess moves. It’s by a symbol, except for the pawn. simple to do. (Figurine Notation) K King Q • Every square on the board has an “address” Queen R made up of a letter and a number. Rook B Bishop N Knight Pawn a-h (We write the file it’s on.) • To make them easy to read, the questions on this test use the figurine piece symbols on the right, above. -
More About Checkmate
MORE ABOUT CHECKMATE The Queen is the best piece of all for getting checkmate because it is so powerful and controls so many squares on the board. There are very many ways of getting CHECKMATE with a Queen. Let's have a look at some of them, and also some STALEMATE positions you must learn to avoid. You've already seen how a Rook can get CHECKMATE XABCDEFGHY with the help of a King. Put the Black King on the side of the 8-+k+-wQ-+( 7+-+-+-+-' board, the White King two squares away towards the 6-+K+-+-+& middle, and a Rook or a Queen on any safe square on the 5+-+-+-+-% same side of the board as the King will give CHECKMATE. 4-+-+-+-+$ In the first diagram the White Queen checks the Black King 3+-+-+-+-# while the White King, two squares away, stops the Black 2-+-+-+-+" King from escaping to b7, c7 or d7. If you move the Black 1+-+-+-+-! King to d8 it's still CHECKMATE: the Queen stops the Black xabcdefghy King moving to e7. But if you move the Black King to b8 is CHECKMATE! that CHECKMATE? No: the King can escape to a7. We call this sort of CHECKMATE the GUILLOTINE. The Queen comes down like a knife to chop off the Black King's head. But there's another sort of CHECKMATE that you can ABCDEFGH do with a King and Queen. We call this one the KISS OF 8-+k+-+-+( DEATH. Put the Black King on the side of the board, 7+-wQ-+-+-' the White Queen on the next square towards the middle 6-+K+-+-+& and the White King where it defends the Queen and you 5+-+-+-+-% 4-+-+-+-+$ get something like our next diagram. -
Aron Nimzowitsch My System & Chess Praxis
Aron Nimzowitsch My System & Chess Praxis Translated by Robert Sherwood New In Chess 2016 Contents Translator’s Preface............................................... 9 My System Foreword..................................................... 13 Part I – The Elements . 15 Chapter 1 The Center and Development...............................16 1. By development is to be under stood the strategic advance of the troops to the frontier line ..............................16 2. A pawn move must not in and of itself be regarded as a develo ping move but should be seen simply as an aid to develop ment ........................................16 3. The lead in development as the ideal to be sought ..........18 4. Exchanging with resulting gain of tempo.................18 5. Liquidation, with subsequent development or a subsequent liberation ..........................................20 6. The center and the furious rage to demobilize it ...........23 7. On pawn hunting in the opening ......................28 Chapter 2 Open Files .............................................31 1. Introduction and general remarks.......................31 2. The origin (genesis) of the open file ....................32 3. The ideal (ultimate purpose) of every operation along a file ..34 4. The possible obstacles in the way of a file operation ........35 5. The ‘restricted’ advance along one file for the purpose of relin quishing that file for another one, or the indirect utilization of a file. 38 6. The outpost .......................................39 Chapter 3 The Seventh and Eighth Ranks ..............................44 1. Introduction and general remarks. .44 2. The convergent and the revo lutionary attack upon the 7th rank. .44 3. The five special cases on the seventh rank . .47 Chapter 4 The Passed Pawn ........................................75 1. By way of orientation ...............................75 2. The blockade of passed pawns .........................77 3. -
Contact: Amanda Weinberg Phone: 610-565-1023 E-Mail: [email protected]
Contact: Amanda Weinberg Phone: 610-565-1023 E-mail: [email protected] THE STRONGEST-EVER CHESS TOURNAMENT IN PENNSYLVANIA RICHARD ARONOW FOUNDATION INVITATIONAL COMPLETED THREE PLAYERS OBTAIN INTERNATIONAL MASTER NORMS A suspense-filled evening on Sunday, July 21, 2002 saw the completion of the Richard Aronow Foundation Invitational Tournament, which was held at the Franklin Mercantile Chess Club in Center City, Philadelphia, from July 12 to July 21. The final game completed was the decisive one, in which the first prizewinner, Grandmaster Gennady Zaitchik of Georgia, competed with Grandmaster Yevgeny Najer of Russia for the top prize of $1000. Najer and National Master Yury Lapshun tied for second and third place, and won $250 each. International Master Luis Chiong of the Philippines won a $150 “brilliancy” prize for his performance against International Master Oladapo Adu of Nigeria, by decision of the Tournament Committee. National Masters Yevgeny Gershov and Bryan Smith split a $150 “best endgame” prize for their match, by decision of President Richard Costigan of the Franklin Mercantile Chess Club. Three participants: National Masters Mikhail Belorusov and Stanislav Kriventsov of Pennsylvania, and Yury Lapshun of New York, obtained norms which must precede a nomination for the title of International Master by the international chess organization, the Federation International des Echecs (“FIDE”). Kriventsov and Lapshun each obtained their third and final requisite norm, and will likely be nominated as International Masters when FIDE convenes in October. This tournament was organized to serve two purposes: 1. to promote high-level, invitational chess tournaments in the U.S., and 2. to publicize the Richard Aronow Foundation and the need for research on autism. -
No. 123 - (Vol.VIH)
No. 123 - (Vol.VIH) January 1997 Editorial Board editors John Roycrqfttf New Way Road, London, England NW9 6PL Edvande Gevel Binnen de Veste 36, 3811 PH Amersfoort, The Netherlands Spotlight-column: J. Heck, Neuer Weg 110, D-47803 Krefeld, Germany Opinions-column: A. Pallier, La Mouziniere, 85190 La Genetouze, France Treasurer: J. de Boer, Zevenenderdrffi 40, 1251 RC Laren, The Netherlands EDITORIAL achievement, recorded only in a scientific journal, "The chess study is close to the chess game was not widely noticed. It was left to the dis- because both study and game obey the same coveries by Ken Thompson of Bell Laboratories rules." This has long been an argument used to in New Jersey, beginning in 1983, to put the boot persuade players to look at studies. Most players m. prefer studies to problems anyway, and readily Aside from a few upsets to endgame theory, the give the affinity with the game as the reason for set of 'total information' 5-raan endgame their preference. Your editor has fought a long databases that Thompson generated over the next battle to maintain the literal truth of that ar- decade demonstrated that several other endings gument. It was one of several motivations in might require well over 50 moves to win. These writing the final chapter of Test Tube Chess discoveries arrived an the scene too fast for FIDE (1972), in which the Laws are separated into to cope with by listing exceptions - which was the BMR (Board+Men+Rules) elements, and G first expedient. Then in 1991 Lewis Stiller and (Game) elements, with studies firmly identified Noam Elkies using a Connection Machine with the BMR realm and not in the G realm. -
Chess-Training-Guide.Pdf
Q Chess Training Guide K for Teachers and Parents Created by Grandmaster Susan Polgar U.S. Chess Hall of Fame Inductee President and Founder of the Susan Polgar Foundation Director of SPICE (Susan Polgar Institute for Chess Excellence) at Webster University FIDE Senior Chess Trainer 2006 Women’s World Chess Cup Champion Winner of 4 Women’s World Chess Championships The only World Champion in history to win the Triple-Crown (Blitz, Rapid and Classical) 12 Olympic Medals (5 Gold, 4 Silver, 3 Bronze) 3-time US Open Blitz Champion #1 ranked woman player in the United States Ranked #1 in the world at age 15 and in the top 3 for about 25 consecutive years 1st woman in history to qualify for the Men’s World Championship 1st woman in history to earn the Grandmaster title 1st woman in history to coach a Men's Division I team to 7 consecutive Final Four Championships 1st woman in history to coach the #1 ranked Men's Division I team in the nation pnlrqk KQRLNP Get Smart! Play Chess! www.ChessDailyNews.com www.twitter.com/SusanPolgar www.facebook.com/SusanPolgarChess www.instagram.com/SusanPolgarChess www.SusanPolgar.com www.SusanPolgarFoundation.org SPF Chess Training Program for Teachers © Page 1 7/2/2019 Lesson 1 Lesson goals: Excite kids about the fun game of chess Relate the cool history of chess Incorporate chess with education: Learning about India and Persia Incorporate chess with education: Learning about the chess board and its coordinates Who invented chess and why? Talk about India / Persia – connects to Geography Tell the story of “seed”. -
Other Chess Notations
. 8 White’s eighth rank C&O Family Chess Center www.chesscenter.net 7 6 Descriptive Chess Notation 5 Before there was “algebraic” notation (the 4 “standard” of today), using letter/number 3 coordinates, there was “descriptive” notation. This notation was in general use for many years 2 before algebraic notation became the standard. Many older books and some players still use this 1 White’s first rank notation and it is, therefore, still very useful to know. When a chessboard is initially set up it Black counts from his own side as seen below: looks like this (standard algebraic coordinates shown). 1 Black’s first rank XABCDEFGHY 2 8rsnlwqkvlntr( 3 7zppzppzppzpp' 4 6-+-+-+-+& 5 5+-+-+-+-% 6 4-+-+-+-+$ 7 3+-+-+-+-# 8 Black’s eighth rank 2PzPPzPPzPPzP" It is a little more complicated than the standard (algebraic) notation because every 1tRNvLQmKLsNR! square has two names. The symbols used are mostly the same with a xabcdefghy few exceptions. Pawn moves begin with P, and With descriptive notation the files are named a dash ( - ) means “moves to.” for the pieces which stand on them at the Here is a brief sample game: beginning of the game. The names of the pieces White Black are usually abbreviated like this: K = king; Q = queen; R = rook; B = bishop; and N (or Kt) = 1. P-K4 (e4) P-K4 (e5) knight (N replaced Kt to avoid confusion), and P 2. Kt-KB3 (Nf3) P-Q3 (d6) = pawn. i.e. the “a” file is the queen’s rook (QR) 3. Kt-B3 (Nc3) B-Kt5 (Bg4) file, “b” file is the queen’s knight (QN) file, and 4. -
A Podium Select Superclass Individual Online Live Classes
CHESS A P O D I U M S E L E C T S U P E R C L A S S I N D I V I D U A L O N L I N E L I V E C L A S S E S AGE CUSTOMIZED BATCH FOR 06+ YEARS INDIVIDUAL ATTENTION FREE CANCELLATION / RESCHEDULING BY AWARD WINNING ANKITA PANDEY BEST TEACHERS. INDIVIDUALIZED LEARNING. HIGH ENGAGEMENT. MEASURED RESULTS. PODIUM IS A GLOBAL CO-CURRICULAR LEARNING PLATFORM BASED ON HOWARD GARDENER'S THEORY OF MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES FOCUSSED ON CREATING THE ABSOLUTE BEST LEARNING ENVIRONMENT FOR BEGINNERS. ALL COURSES ARE DESIGNED USING GLOBAL BEST LEARNING TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES - FOLLOWING INTERNATIONAL BENCHMARKS BY TOP-NOTCH FACULTY. SUPERCLASS PRIVATE ONLINE CLASSES Beginners need individual attention - and we at Podium believe in it hence all our courses are designed to be customized to the development and learning needs at an individual level. Our classes have specific learning outcomes and give individual feedback as per the learning pace of the student. The classes are conducted by the best faculty chosen by Podium's education board. Chess helps build individual friendships and teaches children about sportsmanship. Children learn how to win graciously, and more importantly, how not to give up when encountering defeat. Chess encourages and rewards hard work. Children learn that those who practice and study the strategies win more games. In his celebrated work, “Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences”, noted psychologist Dr. Howard Gardner uses chess as an example of visual-spatial intelligence. Indeed, visual memory plays a crucial role in chess and often manifests itself in the form of pattern recognition. -
Chess Rules Ages 10 & up • for 2 Players
Front (Head to Head) Prints Pantone 541 Blue Chess Rules Ages 10 & Up • For 2 Players Contents: Game Board, 16 ivory and 16 black Play Pieces Object: To threaten your opponent’s King so it cannot escape. Play Pieces: Set Up: Ivory Play Pieces: Black Play Pieces: Pawn Knight Bishop Rook Queen King Terms: Ranks are the rows of squares that run horizontally on the Game Board and Files are the columns that run vertically. Diagonals run diagonally. Position the Game Board so that the red square is at the bottom right corner for each player. Place the Ivory Play Pieces on the first rank from left to right in order: Rook, Knight, Bishop, Queen, King, Bishop, Knight and Rook. Place all of the Pawns on the second rank. Then place the Black Play Pieces on the board as shown in the diagram. Note: the Ivory Queen will be on a red square and the black Queen will be on a black space. Play: Ivory always plays first. Players alternate turns. Only one Play Piece may be moved on a turn, except when castling (see description on back). All Play Pieces must move in a straight path, except for the Knight. Also, the Knight is the only Play Piece that is allowed to jump over another Play Piece. Play Piece Moves: A Pawn moves forward one square at a time. There are two exceptions to this rule: 1. On a Pawn’s first move, it can move forward one or two squares. 2. When capturing a piece (see description on back), a Pawn moves one square diagonally ahead. -
Birth of the Chess Queen C Marilyn Yalom for Irv, Who Introduced Me to Chess and Other Wonders Contents
A History Birth of the Chess Queen C Marilyn Yalom For Irv, who introduced me to chess and other wonders Contents Acknowledgments viii Introduction xii Selected Rulers of the Period xx part 1 • the mystery of the chess queen’ s birth One Chess Before the Chess Queen 3 Two Enter the Queen! 15 Three The Chess Queen Shows Her Face 29 part 2 • spain, italy, and germany Four Chess and Queenship in Christian Spain 39 Five Chess Moralities in Italy and Germany 59 part 3 • france and england Six Chess Goes to France and England 71 v • contents Seven Chess and the Cult of the Virgin Mary 95 Eight Chess and the Cult of Love 109 part 4 • scandinavia and russia Nine Nordic Queens, On and Off the Board 131 Ten Chess and Women in Old Russia 151 part 5 • power to the queen Eleven New Chess and Isabella of Castile 167 Twelve The Rise of “Queen’s Chess” 187 Thirteen The Decline of Women Players 199 Epilogue 207 Notes 211 Index 225 About the Author Praise Other Books by Marilyn Yalom Credits Cover Copyright About the Publisher Waking Piece The world dreams in chess Kibitzing like lovers Pawn’s queened redemption L is a forked path only horses lead. Rook and King castling for safety Bishop boasting of crossways slide. Echo of Orbit: starless squared sky. She alone moves where she chooses. Protecting helpless monarch, her bidden skill. Attacking schemers, plotters, blundered all. Game eternal. War breaks. She enters. Check mate. Hail Queen. How we crave Her majesty. —Gary Glazner Acknowledgments This book would not have been possible without the vast philo- logical, archaeological, literary, and art historical research of pre- vious writers, most notably from Germany and England.