STEP Web: www.step.de – eMail:[email protected] Germany –Hungary –NorwayPolandUK STEP ElectronicPublishing SolutionsGmbH Technical Issues on TopicMaps Hans HolgerRath STEP v v v v v concepts? Do you Do you Have you Have you visited the Have youread Some exercises

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topic maptutorial understand the

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the amap? ? STEP v v v v v Conclusions Automatic generation Consistency checking Topic maptemplates Topic mapmodel u u u u Using existinginformation resources Rule-based constraints Purpose, concept,application A verybriefsummary Overview STEP Topic mapmodel STEP v v v v v v Facet Public subject Scope fortopic Association Occurrence Topic u u u u Very briefsummary Theme Type Role, roletype Name, type , role,roletype Topic mapmodel characteristics STEP v v v Where Cooperations publishers dictionaries), legal andjournal reference Fruitful discussionswith map workinggroup H.H. RatharemembersofISOtopic Standards work:StevePepperand experience comesfrom u u Scientists from Universityof Würzburg AI

company selling expertsystems works(encyclopedias, STEP’s topicmap

with leading STEP Templates Topic Map STEP v v v instances separates theschema fromthe There isno“DTD” conceptthat and alltypes) topic maparetopics(themes Even the“objects”declaringa Mostly everythingisatopic Missing pieces Topic maptemplates STEP v v v No cleanconcepts for separate maintenance arehardto Topic mapdesign,creation,and topics Mix of“declaring”and“regular” u u u Application profiles Re-use Modularization Shortcomings Topic maptemplates STEP v v v v v v for application areas Templates mightbestandardized maps as kindofprofile Re-use Modularization and mapcreation Distinguish betweenmapdesign “declaration” partofamap Logical containerforthe Invented byISOworkinggroup Purpose oftemplates (copy, reference) Topic maptemplates inother STEP v v map have a Consists ofallconstructswhich map A topicmaptemplateisa u u consistency constraints associations, association roles) and types(topics,occurrence roles, topics whicharecandidates forthemes declarative meaning Topic maptemplates Concept fora STEP Canada is in Topic maptemplates “Real” map Québec is in Montréal MetaStructures take placein 99 pool Info STEP Topic types conference province country city “Template” map Topic maptemplates Occurrence role types papers call f. video article map city Association types themes Assoc. roletypes, Others: place in takes is in STEP v v v entity Template becomes manageable topics distinguishable from“real” Topics intemplateare shall beusedfor Topics “say”forwhichtypethey u u u Version Owner Identifier Topic maptemplates Concept cont’d STEP Consistency Checking STEP v v creation software supporting designand Should bepart of topicmap Why isthisanissue? u u u u u Consistency checking Checks template also editors Like structure validationinSGML/XML Permanently orondemand Standard doesnotcoverit impossible Manual checkingoflargemapsis STEP v v v v topic mapconstructs rules which aremodeled with Constraints are expressedby process Constraints control validation “constraints” Separate schemaneeded: enough elements arenotexpressive Content modelsoftopicmap Consistency checking Constraints STEP v v Example: Constraining occurrences u u u u u u u Object typesTIFF, GIF, JPEG biography//EN" identifier "-//STEP//DTD SGML/XML instance withpublic biography person Info resource“type”(ifavailable) Occurrence roletype–> Topic type–> Constraints Consistency checking , portrait cont’d STEP v v Example: Constraining associations u u u u u u state county city 1 is in Topic typesofassociatedtopics Association roletype(s)–> Association type–> containee Constraints Consistency checking country country, state country, state,county 1 container cont’d STEP v Constraining scopes u u topics Scope forassociations andassociated Association type–> Scope fortopics,names,occurrences Topic type–> Constraints Consistency checking cont’d STEP v Example ofscopeconstraint: u u u u Constraint Occurrence roletype mathematical axiom Topic types relativity Theme definition law definition used foroccurrences withrole Einstein's theoryof relativity Constraints ; butitmust notbeusedfor Consistency checking : before Einstein'stheoryof s of fortopics oftype : Thescope : physical law mathematical axioms : definition before cont’d , physical mightbe . STEP Generation Automatic STEP v v v the map hints fortheinitial creationof Uses existinginformation as data toSGML/XMLinstances Like information resources Applying atopicmaptoexisting Automatic generation up translation fromlegacy STEP v v v v v Script withgeneration rules elements) resources (SGML/XML Structure information in classification code) (e.g. name,format, Metadata aboutinforesources system, database,Web) info resourcesinrepository(file Topic maptemplate Automatic generation Basic setting STEP Repository resources Topic mapgenerator with Automatic generation Topic mapgenerator Topic mapgenerator Topic map Topic map template Rules file STEP If then

containing contains resource inresource. resource create occurrence from in derived from Topics andoccurrences

create topic Automatic generation in or fulfills in metadata and/or of metadata withto with name and or STEP v v v names, occurrences, scopes Result: Topicmap withtopics, metadata from resourcesand/ortheir Info forscopescanbeextracted topics, names,occurrences Scopes canbeassignedto Automatic generation Scopes STEP v v v v manually using this list Creation ofassociations isdone candidates for associations List oftopicswhich are constraints types andconsistency Pragmatic approach:usetopic structures (AI) have tobuildknowledge Very complextaskbecausewe Associations Automatic generation STEP Conclusions STEP v v Topic maptemplates ISO/IEC 13250Topicmaps u u u u u Standardization oftemplates Modularization andre-use part ofamap Logical containerfor the“declaration” extensions Needs furtherimprovements/ structures Provides conceptstomodelknowledge Conclusions STEP v v Automatic generation constraints Consistency checkingwith u u u u u Very complex: associations scopes Easy: topics, names,occurrences, build themapbyan automaticprocess Existing inforesources areusedto validation process Rule-based constraintscontrol Manual checkingisimpossible Conclusions cont’d STEP WordNet STEP v v v Lexical databaseforEnglishdeveloped by sets. Different relationslinkthe synonym underlying lexical concept. sets, eachrepresenting one adverbs areorganized intosynonym English nouns,verbs, adjectivesand theories ofhumanlexicalmemory. inspired bycurrentpsycholinguistic reference systemwhosedesignis WordNet Princeton University ® isanon-linelexical WordNet STEP v v v http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn Reference: WordNet demo... (even itisnotawareofit) Thus, WordNetisatopicmap u tree, question,shark, topic WordNet Cont’d STEP your attention! Thank youfor Questions?