CERN/SPC/1123/Rev. CERN/FC/6333 CERN/3430 Original: English 5 June 2019 ORGANISATION EUROPÉENNE POUR LA RECHERCHE NUCLÉAIRE CERN EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH Action to be taken Voting procedure
SCIENTIFIC POLICY COMMITTEE For recommendation to the Council 314th Meeting __ 17-18 June 2019
Chapters I and IV.1: Simple majority of Member States represented and voting (abstentions are not counted) and 70% of the contributions of the Member FINANCE COMMITTEE States represented and present for the voting (abstentions are counted as votes against) and at least 51% of the contributions of all Member States. For recommendation to the Council th 368 Meeting Chapter III: Two-thirds majority of Member States represented and voting 18-19 June 2019 (abstentions are not counted) and 70% of the contributions of the Member States represented and present for the voting (abstentions are counted as votes against) and at least 51% of the contributions of all Member States.
COUNCIL Chapters I and IV.1: Simple majority of Member States represented and voting rd (abstentions are not counted). For approval 193 Meeting Chapter III: Two-thirds majority of Member States represented and voting 20-21 June 2019 (abstentions are not counted).
Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024 and Draft Budget of the Organization for the sixty-sixth financial year 2020
GENEVA, June 2019
The Council is invited to: approve the overall strategy for the reference period as outlined in Chapter I of this document and elaborated upon in the Appendices (Chapter IV.1); take note of the Resources Plan for the years 2020 to 2024 (Chapter II); approve the 2020 Draft Budget in 2019 prices (Chapter III).
Table of contents
I. OVERALL STRATEGY AND OBSERVATIONS OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL ...... 1 II. RESOURCES PLAN FOR THE YEARS 2020-2024 ...... 17 1. REVENUES PLAN ...... 18 2. ESTIMATED EXPENSES AND BUDGET BALANCES ...... 22 3. RESOURCES ALLOCATIONS AND EXPENSES ...... 24 III. 2020 DRAFT BUDGET ...... 35 1. OVERVIEW OF REVENUES ...... 36 2. OVERVIEW OF EXPENSES ...... 37 3. SCALE OF CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE MEMBER STATES FOR 2020 ...... 38 4. EXPENSES BY SCIENTIFIC AND NON SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMMES ...... 40 5. SUMMARY OF EXPENSES BY NATURE ...... 48 6. FINANCIAL POSITION OF THE ORGANIZATION ...... 53 IV. APPENDICES ...... 55 1. DETAILS OF ACTIVITIES AND PROJECTS (FACT SHEETS) ...... 56 2. LIST OF ACRONYMS ...... 125
Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024 1
I. OVERALL STRATEGY AND OBSERVATIONS OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL
2 Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024
Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024 3
Scientific objectives Studies of post-LHC high-energy accelerators and other future projects nourishing a diverse scientific programme have made The Medium-Term Plan (MTP) presented in this document describes significant progress over the past years and have been submitted, in CERN’s scientific strategy and financial plan for the next five years summary form, as input for the ESPP update, so that informed and gives a longer-term view over ten years. The scientific decisions can be taken in that context on the future directions of the programme reflects the priorities outlined in the 2013 update of the field. European Strategy for Particle Physics (ESPP). A new update of the This MTP implements the above-mentioned scientific objectives ESPP is currently in progress, and input that was submitted by the within a technically and financially affordable framework. community by the end of 2018 was the focus of discussions at the Open Symposium held in Granada in May 2019, with the updated Full exploitation of the LHC calls, first of all, for the successful strategy scheduled to be adopted by the Council in May 2020. This completion of Run 3, with nominal target integrated luminosities of is an important milestone for the field as the conclusions of the ESPP 300 fb-1 for the general-purpose experiments, ATLAS and CMS, over update will guide much of CERN’s plans for the period after 2020. the three LHC runs, and the realistic hope of achieving 350 fb-1. The For this reason, the ten-year view for the part of the programme other total integrated luminosity delivered to ATLAS and CMS up to the than its major component, the LHC and its upgrades, inevitably end of Run 2 was about 189 fb-1, exceeding the initial objective of comprises a degree of uncertainty. The budget allocations beyond 150 fb-1. Some 160 fb-1 were collected at the centre-of-mass energy 2020, aimed at ensuring continuity of planning pending the outcome of 13 TeV. Run 2 was completed at the end of 2018 and a two-year of the Strategy update, address the current requirements of the long shutdown is now in progress (LS2, 2019-2020). Run 3 is various projects while respecting the overall financial constraints. scheduled to start in 2021, potentially providing proton-proton collisions at the nominal energy of 14 TeV. At the end of Run 2, the In accordance with the current ESPP, CERN’s scientific strategy has magnets of one LHC sector were trained to run at higher energy than three main strands: 13 TeV: the number of quenches was larger than expected and the full exploitation of the LHC through the high-luminosity phase; nominal current (about 11.8 kA, corresponding to 14 TeV operation) was not reached but no fundamental show-stopper was identified. A maintaining and updating a diverse, complementary programme decision will be taken at the end of 2019, in consultation with the serving a broad community and including facilities such as experiments, on how much time should be devoted to magnet ISOLDE/HIE-ISOLDE, the ELENA/Antiproton Decelerator training in 2021, and this will dictate the target beam energy for complex and the Neutrino Platform; Run 3. With the benefit of upgraded injectors in Run 3 (see below), a preparing for a post-LHC high-energy accelerator project through peak, levelled luminosity of 2x1034 cm-2s-1 is anticipated. The detailed design studies and vigorous R&D. parameters are currently being developed by a dedicated working
4 Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024 group. The high-luminosity phase of the LHC (HL-LHC) will then particularly significant for ALICE and LHCb. These upgrades are commence in the mid-2020s, after another long shutdown (LS3, 2024 mostly on track to be completed during LS2, although some concerns to mid-2026), with the aim of providing between 3000 fb-1 and remain over the readiness of the ATLAS muon New Small Wheels 4000 fb-1 to both ATLAS and CMS over the subsequent ten years of and LHCb Upstream Tracker. The Phase II upgrades, mainly for operation. This large amount of data will allow precise measurements ATLAS and CMS, will take place during LS3. Both experiments have of the properties of the Higgs boson, including access for the first developed detector designs and prototypes, and all the Technical time to the couplings to the second-generation fermions through the Design Reports have been completed, except those for the fast- rare H decay, as well as improved sensitivity to new physics timing detectors of both experiments and the CMS L1 Trigger and through direct searches. DAQ/HLT. The resources to be committed by the respective funding agencies have now, for the most part, been defined. The main activities during the ongoing LS2 include the completion and installation of the LHC Injector Upgrade (LIU), major (non- The diverse scientific programme includes the ongoing recurrent) accelerator maintenance and consolidation, and work for experiments and projects at the Booster, the PS, the SPS and their HL-LHC. The goal of the LIU is to increase the injectors’ reliability upgrades, as well as at the Neutrino Platform. The HIE-ISOLDE and lifetime and to provide beams of the intensity and brightness upgrade, aiming at post-accelerating isotopes up to 10 MeV/nucleon required for HL-LHC through the operation of the new Linac4 and using a superconducting linac, is now complete. One of the four major upgrades to the Booster, the PS and the SPS. Other significant cryomodules has been removed to repair a faulty cavity during LS2. LS2 projects include the renovation of the East Area and of the SPS At the Antiproton Decelerator (AD), the target area and the electron fire safety system. In the LHC, the insulation of the dipole bypass cooler will be consolidated during LS2. Transfer lines will be installed diodes will be consolidated to remove the limitation for operation at to connect the new ELENA ring to the AD experiments (all except 14 TeV in Run 3, and about 20 magnets will be replaced. New GBAR, which is already operating with 100 keV antiprotons from collimators will be installed in the transfer line from the SPS to the ELENA). The SPS experiments Committee (SPSC) will review the LHC to allow operation with 2800 bunches in Run 3. Although most AD experiments in early 2020 with a view to the start of the ELENA of the HL-LHC accelerator components will be installed during LS3, era, evaluating their prospects and competitiveness, making the underground civil engineering work at Points 1 and 5 must be recommendations for their continuation, and considering new executed during LS2 to avoid affecting LHC operation during Run 3. proposals for the use of the facility.
The prototyping and testing of new niobium-tin (Nb3Sn) dipoles and Through the Neutrino Platform, CERN provides infrastructure and quadrupoles are well advanced, and the goal is to install at least two support for R&D on neutrino detectors, including a new test-beam of the four 11-T dipoles during LS2. The four major LHC experiments facility at the North Area for (large) detector prototypes, and are completing the construction of their Phase I upgrades, which are participation in the construction of detector components, notably in
Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024 5 domains where CERN and Europe have interest and expertise. Great superconducting magnets, high-gradient accelerating structures, progress has been made with the construction of the ~700 ton high-efficiency klystrons, and novel acceleration techniques such as prototype liquid-argon detectors for the DUNE experiment at the plasma wake-field. It is expected that the update of the ESPP in 2020 Long Baseline Neutrino Facility in the US, based on the single-phase will identify the priority for a future collider at CERN. and dual-phase Time Projection Chamber (TPC) technologies, for CLIC is an e+e- linear collider based on normal-conducting which CERN provides the infrastructure and the cryostats. The accelerating structures providing a gradient of 100 MV/m and a novel single-phase prototype was completed and tested with beams in the two-beam accelerator scheme. It is currently the only mature concept North Area in 2018, and has already provided a precious harvest of for a multi-TeV lepton collider. The physics goals include precise high-quality data that will help optimise the detector layout and inform studies of the Higgs boson, in particular the ttH and HH couplings the technological choices. The dual-phase prototype is nearing through direct production of the relevant final states, and direct and completion and will be operational with cosmic rays during LS2. indirect searches for new physics. Over the past years, significant CERN is also building the cryostat for the first module (of four) of the progress has been made in demonstrating the main technologies and DUNE detector, which will house a 17-kton liquid-argon TPC and be design parameters, including high-gradient accelerating structures based on the membrane technology used for liquefied natural gas; with the target breakdown rate (<3x10-7/m/pulse) and the two-beam the engineering phase is well advanced and the procurement of acceleration scheme at CERN’s CTF3 facility. Furthermore, components will start in 2020, in time for delivery to the US in 2022. optimisation work has been done to reduce the expected energy Proposals for new projects at the Neutrino Platform for the period consumption. These and other accomplishments in terms of after LS2 were reviewed by the SPSC early in 2019, and three technical feasibility, as well as cost and project timelines, have been proposals were approved for the next three years: the continued documented in a comprehensive project implementation plan and a operation of the DUNE prototypes, with the recommendation that summary report comprising physics, detector and accelerator status their run schedules be coordinated so that they can be operated and prospects, as input for the ESPP update. According to this plan, sequentially; the ENUBET project for R&D on a tagged neutrino CLIC will be realised in stages, starting at 380 GeV, for Higgs boson beam; and the upgrade of the ND280 near detector for the T2K and top quark studies, with upgrade paths to higher energies, 1.5 and experiment in Japan. Longer-term planning will be based on what 3 TeV. In a technically driven timescale, construction could start in emerges from the ESPP update. 2026 for first collisions at 380 GeV to be achieved in 2035, followed Preparation for a future high-energy collider proceeds along two by 25 or more years of physics exploitation and total integrated lines, namely the design studies for the future colliders CLIC luminosities close to 10 ab-1. If the current ESPP update were to (Compact LInear Collider) and FCC (Future Circular Collider), and a recommend CLIC as the post-LHC collider at CERN, the next step vigorous R&D programme investigating inter alia high-field would be the preparation of a Technical Design Report in time for the
6 Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024 next ESPP update around 2026. The current work programme phase transition in the early universe. The main challenge for a encompasses high-efficiency RF, main linac engineering, further 100 TeV proton-proton collider is the development of high-field (16 T development and industrialisation of the components for the basic or higher) dipole magnets. In the context of the 16 T Nb3Sn magnet accelerator, implementation studies and integrated system tests. development programme, the study of various design options has CLIC’s core technology, X-band (12 GHz) RF, is currently being put now been concluded within the H2020 EuroCirCol project, and to use in numerous collaborating institutes and laboratories as construction of model magnets is under way at several laboratories elements of smaller accelerators or as main RF technology for in Europe and the US. The FCC CDR emphasises the potential and compact new linacs, contributing to boosting the technologies and advantages of the sequential implementation of FCC-ee followed by enlarging the commercial supplier base. In parallel, a Preparation FCC-hh. Such a programme would maximise the physics output, Plan for European Participation in the International Linear Collider providing a variety of beam types and a large number of experiments has been developed in the framework of the E-JADE programme1, in (at least six); it would involve the construction of an initial machine, the event that a positive statement is received from Japan about its the FCC-ee, that is both technologically ready and affordable in the intention to host the ILC. medium term; it would give time for the development of new- generation high-field magnets (including high-temperature The FCC collaboration released a four-volume Conceptual Design superconductor technologies) for the more challenging FCC-hh and Report (CDR) in December 2018, as input for the ESPP update, allow its cost to be spread over decades. In a timescale driven by covering the physics goals, beam parameters, machine layout, main technical considerations alone, construction of the FCC-ee could technical challenges and infrastructure needs of an electron-positron start in 2028, with a view to first collisions in 2038 and 15 subsequent collider (FCC-ee), a proton-proton collider (FCC-hh) and an energy years of e+e- physics operation; the proton-proton collider (FCC-hh) upgrade of the LHC (HE-LHC). Heavy-ion collisions would also be could start operation in the early 2060s and run for at least 25 years. available in the context of the FCC-hh and HE-LHC, as well as electron-proton and electron-ion collisions with the addition of a The AWAKE experiment studies plasma wake-field acceleration of 60 GeV energy recovery linac. The FCC-ee collider would run at electrons in a 10-m plasma cell driven by high-energy, high-intensity centre-of-mass energies of between 90 and 365 GeV to conduct proton beams from the SPS. The goal is to achieve accelerating detailed studies and extremely precise measurements of the Z, W gradients of the order of a few GV/m, a concept that could lead to and Higgs bosons and the top quark. The aim of the FCC-hh will be very compact designs for future accelerators. Following installation to achieve centre-of-mass energies of at least 100 TeV in order to and commissioning of the electron beam line, electron acceleration conduct direct searches for new physics and detailed explorations of from 20 MeV to 2 GeV was successfully demonstrated in 2018 using the electroweak symmetry breaking dynamics and electroweak the seeded self-modulation (SSM) of the SPS proton bunches when
1 E-JADE, Europe-Japan Accelerator Development Exchange Programme, Horizon 2020, RISE
Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024 7 traversing the plasma cell. The goal of AWAKE’s second run after the LHC, on the timescale of the next few years, which do not impinge LS2 is to bring the R&D to a point where the electron beam is on other larger-scale projects that will need to be considered as part accelerated with average gradients of ~1 GV/m while preserving the of the Strategy update. These small-scale proposals have been beam quality (emittance), such that particle physics applications can forwarded to the SPSC and the LHC experiments Committee (LHCC) be proposed and undertaken. For this purpose, several changes are for consideration and approval. One example of such a project is required to the AWAKE set-up, including the use of two 10-m plasma FASER, a small and relatively inexpensive experiment designed to cells to separate the SSM and acceleration stages, a new, higher- search for light, weakly-interacting particles produced at the LHC, energy electron source (using high-gradient X-band CLIC which has been approved for installation during LS2 in a service technology) and additional beam diagnostics. Resources for tunnel 480 m downstream of the ATLAS interaction point. FASER will AWAKE’s second run are allocated in this MTP. perform its first round of searches during Run 3.
The Physics Beyond Colliders (PBC) study group, established in Instrumentation is a key driver of progress in experimental high- 2016, has been investigating future opportunities for CERN’s energy physics and the detector needs for future experiments at scientific diversity programme. Its mandate is to explore the scientific accelerators are becoming increasingly challenging. The EP potential of CERN’s accelerator complex through projects that would department has therefore launched a strategic initiative on detector be complementary to current and future colliders. Such projects technologies aimed at defining the main requirements and would target fundamental physics questions that are similar in spirit identifying and developing the most promising technologies for to those addressed by high-energy colliders but require different detectors at future collider and non-collider experiments. The main types of beams and experiments. The PBC group has studied and focus will be on R&D on instrumentation and readout electronics, reviewed a broad set of proposals and a range of interesting ideas software, magnets, mechanics and cooling, in close cooperation with submitted by a vibrant community, covering possible upgrades of interested institutes in Europe, with a view to future upgrades of LHC existing experiments as well as new projects and facilities. The latter detectors beyond Phase II and new experiments. Emphasis is placed include proton beam-dump or electron scattering facilities at the SPS, on areas where CERN has significant expertise and infrastructure. primarily to search for dark-sector particles, an electrostatic storage The activities are organised around eight work packages covering ring for proton electric dipole moment (EDM) measurements, and the fields of silicon detectors for vertexing and tracking, gas several experiments dedicated to ultra-precise measurements or detectors, calorimetry and light-based detectors, detector mechanics searches for light, extremely-weakly-coupled particles. An extensive and cooling, integrated circuit technologies, radiation-hard optical report has been submitted as input for the ESPP update. A number links, simulation and analysis software, and detector magnets. Status of small-scale proposals have also been considered in the framework and plans have been summarised in a report that was submitted as of the PBC for the use of the injectors, or for fixed-target studies at input for the ESPP update. This initiative will bring all the detector
8 Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024
R&D efforts and resources at CERN (currently spread across various Other activities projects: Phase II upgrades of the LHC experiments, CLIC, FCC, Safety (HSE, occupational Health & Safety and Environmental PBC, etc.) under one roof, in order to maximise synergies. Support protection) is a key priority for the Organization, aiming at protecting has been ramped up in this MTP from 2020 onwards in order to people, the environment and the infrastructure. Ongoing or planned match the programme’s needs over the next five years. projects in this area include: safety training; reviewing and updating In the area of Computing, this MTP provides resources for the the safety rules; optimising radioactive waste treatment during LS2; construction of a new Computing Centre on the Prévessin site (PCC), improving fire safety; following up on recommendations from the which is needed to meet CERN’s obligations as Tier-0 of the working group on stress management; and minimising the worldwide LHC Computing Grid (WLCG) for Run 3 and beyond. With Laboratory’s impact on the environment. In the latter context, the limited room for expansion at the existing Computing Centre on following the high-priority recommendations of the CERN the Meyrin site (Building 513), which currently provides 2.9 MW of Environmental Protection Steering (CEPS) board, established in computing power and cooling capability, and the termination of the 2016 with the goal of defining objectives and implementation successful contract with the Wigner centre at the end of 2019, there priorities for 11 key topics3, resources were allocated in last year’s is a need for further computing capacity with Tier-0 functionality MTP to measures aimed at improving the control of wastewater (including high-speed connectivity to the 13 Tier-1 centres) at CERN discharge and reducing the emission of greenhouse gases from the for Run 3 and beyond. This will be provided temporarily by the use of LHC detectors. A retention basin for wastewater control is now under spare capacity (amounting to 1 MW) in the computing containers of construction on the Prévessin site, and improvements are being LHCb at Point 8. However, as the LHCb computing needs ramp up made in the treatment of wastewater from the cooling towers. during Run 3, a separate, dedicated facility will be required. Additional resources have been earmarked, in this MTP, to replace Construction of the PCC will start in 2021 and the centre will become oil-based transformers with cast-resin transformers. An R&D available by the end of 2022. It will initially provide 4 MW, with an programme has been launched with the aim of exploring non- eventual upgrade capability to 12 MW, and will be designed to fluorinated gases that would be suitable for particle physics 2 ensure high power-usage effectiveness of 1.1 compared to 1.5 for detectors, as well as the use of CO2 in the primary chillers to cool the current Computing Centre in Meyrin. It will centralise all future ATLAS and CMS in the HL-LHC era. In addition to ongoing work to computing resources at CERN, including future upgrades to the bring the SPS into full compliance with modern fire safety standards, online farms of the experiments. the fire detection policy for surface buildings has been reviewed.
2 PUE, power-usage effectiveness, is the ratio of the total amount of energy used by a 3 Ionising radiation, air protection, water protection, soil protection, hazardous substances, computer data centre facility to the energy delivered to computing equipment. environmental noise, waste management, energy management, non-ionising radiation, prevention of environmental accidents, protection of natural resources.
Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024 9
Following the review, additional resources have been granted for the reviews of Associate Membership will be conducted for Turkey and maintenance and consolidation of some 7100 fire detectors installed Pakistan in 2020, and Cyprus will transition to Membership about a in CERN’s surface buildings. Passive fire protection measures, such year later. The requisite efforts will be made to bring the pending as compartmentalisation, will henceforth be the first choice of applications for Membership (Estonia) and for Associate Membership prevention considered during the design phase of buildings. (Brazil and Croatia) to a conclusion, to engage with non-Member States that have a particular tradition of or potential for strong The main ongoing projects in the area of technical and general participation in CERN activities, and to facilitate the development of infrastructure include the underground civil engineering work at the particle physics in countries with growing communities through ATLAS and CMS experimental sites during LS2 to provide service international cooperation agreements. CERN will also continue to caverns and shafts for the installation of HL-LHC equipment; the take initiatives aimed at promoting the role of science in the renovation of the East Area; and the renovation of the hostel in framework of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals. Building 38. The construction of a multi-purpose building in Prévessin for the storage of accelerator and detector components during LS2 In the fields of education, communications and outreach, efforts has been completed. A new building (777) will be constructed on the will continue to advance the general public’s knowledge and Prévessin site, starting in 2021 and slated for completion in 2024, to understanding of the value of science. CERN’s activities in this provide additional office space for 600 people; this new building will domain are tailored to suit a wide variety of audiences and, in bring together personnel from the technical departments, liberating particular, to inspire the younger generations to pursue careers in space on the Meyrin site for CERN users and EP department STEM (science, technology, engineering and maths). Given the personnel. Building 777 will also house a new crèche, thereby increased availability of the underground facilities for guided tours expanding CERN’s child-care offering, in particular for users. Even if during the long shutdown, a strategic outreach campaign is targeting some 21.5 MCHF would be required annually in order to maintain the decision-makers and the media for the duration of LS2. In addition to initial value and functionality of all buildings, due to the present the Open Days on 14 and 15 September 2019, another major financial constraints, the budget for building consolidation and outreach event for the general public (e.g. TEDxCERN) is planned renovation remains at the level of 15 MCHF per year in this MTP up for the second half of 2020. Communications around the ESPP until 2025, ramping up to more than 20 MCHF from 2026 onwards. update and its follow-up will be a central focus for 2020 and beyond, notably on the physics motivations and potential of future high- In the area of International Relations, the process of geographical energy colliders. Following the approval of the implementation plan enlargement will move forward in line with the recommendations of by the Council in September 2018 (CERN/FC/6253/RA- the Council’s Working Group to review certain aspects of the CERN/3377/RA), the Science Gateway project is ramping up fast. geographical enlargement policy of 2010, which is expected to Preparations are in full swing for the start of construction in 2020, conclude its work in the second half of 2019. The first five-year
10 Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024 mainly the finalisation of the detailed design and the process of At the request of the SPC, the fact sheets containing detailed obtaining the construction permits, while the educational content is information about the projects and activities (Chapter 4, being developed in close collaboration with experts in the Member Appendices) have been re-organised and streamlined. States (science museum directors, etc.). External donations of Simplification and harmonisation work will continue in the future. 59.5 MCHF have today been secured, for an estimated total The HL-LHC project has now ramped up to its expected pace. In construction cost (building plus content) of 79 MCHF, and fundraising previous MTPs, due to uncertainties about the initial phase of the efforts continue. The Science Gateway project is integrated into this project, in particular the progress of the underground civil MTP, and its 79 MCHF budget is fully offset by matching revenues. engineering work at Points 1 and 5 and the more-difficult-than- Changes since the previous MTP expected R&D on the 11 T Nb3Sn dipole magnets, the budget allocations to the HL-LHC had a slower ramp-up profile in the The present MTP is the continuation of the one approved by the initial years than the project’s planned profile. With the advent of Council in June 2018. The budgets allocated to the various projects LS2, the civil engineering work has started and is now and activities reflect the scientific strategy and programme outlined progressing on schedule. Furthermore, the latest tests of a full- above. Adequate resources are also invested in the consolidation scale prototype of the 11 T dipoles have been successful, and and improvement of the Laboratory’s technical and general construction can therefore start in earnest. Consequently, infrastructure so as to ensure the safe and efficient operation of the resources totalling around 90 MCHF have been brought forward scientific facilities and to provide satisfactory services to the ever- to 2019-2021 from the outer years, in order to do as much work 4 growing, international user community . as possible during LS2 . This budget re-profiling reflects the Although the priorities for the coming years will be defined in the excellent progress of the project. The cost to completion of the update of the ESPP to be concluded in May 2020, preliminary budget HL-LHC remains unchanged at 950 MCHF. The next Cost and allocations beyond 2020 have been made to activities associated Schedule Review will take place in November 2019. with future projects, in order to ensure the continuity of planning and Originally, some 200 MCHF of (in-kind) revenues were assumed work pending the completion of the ESPP update. The activities in as special contributions to the HL-LHC project, mainly from non- question relate to high-energy colliders (CLIC and FCC), Physics Member States. The Management has been working hard to Beyond Colliders, detector and accelerator R&D and AWAKE. obtain these contributions, and has so far secured a total of about The main changes compared to the last year’s MTP are discussed 105 MCHF, with another 20 MCHF expected. Efforts to obtain below: additional contributions will continue, but as construction has now
4 The number of users has almost doubled over the last ten years, exceeding 12 500 in 2018.
Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024 11
started in earnest, the likelihood is shrinking that further work are allocated in this MTP over the period 2020-2024 to allow packages can be executed, in time, through in-kind special these activities to ramp up to a healthy level. contributions. The missing 75 MCHF have therefore been A new cost-effective computing centre will be built on the absorbed into the CERN budget in this MTP, which also includes Prévessin site, generating significant electrical power savings an updated time profile for the delivery of the in-kind contributions compared to the existing facilities, and enabling CERN to covered by the 125 MCHF. maintain its Tier-0 role at the end of Run 3 and throughout the The budget for accelerator consolidation has been re-profiled to HL-LHC era. The total cost, including essential CERN services, cover as many activities as possible during LS2. Compared to the is estimated at some 20 MCHF over three years (2021-2023). 2018 MTP, some 30 MCHF have been brought forward from the With this new computing centre, CERN will reduce its Tier-0 outer years to 2019-2020 to maximise the infrastructure reliability operating costs from 6 MCHF per year currently (Meyrin plus during Run 3 and to minimise interventions in later years. Here Wigner) to 2.9 MCHF per year in 2023 (Meyrin plus Prévessin), too, there is no change in the total budget for this line but simply thereby fully amortising the PCC construction cost by 2029. a re-profiling of the expenses. On the other hand, additional The CEPS made its first recommendations on high-priority resources need to be invested in the completion of ELENA measures to mitigate the impact of CERN on the environment in (~0.7 MCHF), the East Area renovation (~1.5 MCHF) and spare 2017, and a dedicated budget line was created in last year’s MTP parts for the Booster and PS main power converters (~5 MCHF). mainly for the construction of a rainwater retention basin on the Around 10 MCHF are allocated, over the period 2020-2024, to Prévessin site, the filtration of discharged wastewater from the the design study and implementation of AWAKE’s second run, cooling towers and the reduction of emissions and usage of and a total of about 16 MCHF over the years 2020 to 2029. fluorinated gases. Additional resources are now allocated in this MTP, to the tune of 5 MCHF over 5 years and 11 MCHF over 10 Following the EP department’s strategic R&D initiative, detector years, for the replacement of oil transformers with cast-resin R&D activities across all CERN projects (Phase II upgrades of transformers and the consolidation of the oil retention system. the LHC experiments and detector studies for linear colliders, FCC and PBC) have been merged from 2020 onwards into the The review of the fire detection policy for surface buildings new “R&D for future detectors” line, with a view to increasing identified operational budget needs for the renewal and synergies and optimising the use of resources. This line was maintenance of CERN’s fire detection systems. Some 8 MCHF already introduced in last year’s MTP, but with a limited budget have been allocated for this purpose from 2020 to 2024, and a (~6 MCHF per year, of which only 0.8 MCHF per year for total of 13 MCHF from 2020 to 2029. These allocations will cover materials). Additional materials resources of 1-3 MCHF per year
12 Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024
the maintenance and renewal of the equipment installed today as modest increase in license costs during an initial period of three well as the 3 MCHF additional cost of the SPS fire safety project. years, after which an opt-out is possible, and a steeper rise thereafter, leading to more than a six-fold increase by 2028. A budget of 42 MCHF has been allocated over the period 2021- CERN’s strategy is to migrate gradually towards open-source 2024 for the construction of a new building (777) in Prévessin that products over the next three years. Accordingly, an extra 5 MCHF will provide office space for 600 people as well as a new crèche. are allocated to the IT department’s budget over the period 2019- This MTP also includes an allocation of 7 MCHF for various 2021 in order to develop and implement this strategy (3 MCHF) expenses linked to the implementation of the Science Gateway and to cover the increased cost of Microsoft licenses in the short project. The CERN kindergarten needs to be moved to a new term (2 MCHF). location next to the Reception (Building 33). This project will cost Finally, about 20 MCHF are being invested over the period 2020- 4.7 MCHF, including 2.6 MCHF for the overdue refurbishment of 2024 to improve various services, including business computing, one of the buildings and to bring the facility into compliance with accelerator logging, CERN’s firewall, radiocommunications, etc. modern child-care standards. A new car-park (~1 MCHF) will need to be built on the Meyrin site to replace the car-park In summary, the new expenses in this MTP amount to some adjacent to the Globe of Science and Innovation, which is a 230 MCHF over the period 2020-2024, including the 75 MCHF temporary one and will be transformed to make way for the missing special contributions to the HL-LHC. Science Gateway. Finally, the Microcosm exhibition will be These new expenses are offset by savings and budget re-profiling, relocated to the Science Gateway, and Building 143, identified following an extensive internal review of resources. Microcosm’s current location, will be dismantled as it cannot be Savings in the materials budget of about 220 MCHF over the period reused for other purposes (~0.9 MCHF). In addition, a 2020-2024 have been achieved, through reductions in various conservative provision of 2 MCHF annual operating costs for the operational headings, stand-by services, the replacement rate of Science Gateway has been included as of 2024; efforts are under accelerator components, duty travel, service contracts, and way to secure external contributions that could cover all or part personnel paid from the materials budget. These measures may lead of this amount. to increased operational risks and the slowing-down of some projects In the light of Microsoft’s recent decision to revoke CERN’s and activities but they are needed if CERN is to be able to execute academic status and the related favourable license costs at the high-priority, time-critical projects and activities while containing the end of the previous contract in March 2019, the Finance Cumulative Budget Deficit (CBD). Committee approved, in December 2018, the negotiation of a new contract with Microsoft. This new contract provides for a
Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024 13
In addition, the renovation of Building 60 (~10 MCHF) and of significantly lower than in last year’s projections, and is wiped out in Restaurant 1 (~2 MCHF) have been pushed back to 2028. 2028, thanks to the major savings introduced in this MTP.
In summary, the total savings amount to some 230 MCHF over the It should be noted that, if the schedules for LS2 and/or Run 3 change, period 2020-2024 and 350 MCHF over the period 2020-2029. leading to the postponement of LS3 by one year, major reductions in the CBD would be possible over the period 2021-2025 mainly due to Financial and budgetary considerations the stretching of the HL-LHC expenses over another year. The The development of the CBD over the years 2000-2029 is shown in schedules for LS2 and Run 3 will be discussed with the LHC the figure below. experiments at a dedicated meeting in November.
The concentration of activities that must be executed during LS2 and In the current financial situation, it will not be possible, before 2025, the ramp-up of the HL-LHC expenses result in a peak CBD of to finance any new projects that might be recommended by the 2020 -439.2 MCHF in 2020, as opposed to -390.1 MCHF in last year’s ESPP update (e.g. in the area of Physics Beyond Colliders), nor is MTP5, and in a revised budget balance of -396.8 MCHF for 2019, as there room to finance both future collider studies (CLIC and FCC) at opposed to -377.8 MCHF in the final budget presented in December the level required to prepare TDRs by the next ESPP update, around 2018 (CERN/3395). This increase in the CBD is mainly attributable 2026. to the re-profiling of expenses for accelerator consolidation and the From 2026 onwards, with the end of the HL-LHC construction, the HL-LHC project, aimed at maximising the amount of work carried out financial situation allows for limited investments in the scientific future during LS2. There are no cost overruns, and the cost to completion of the Organization. Provisionally, about 350 MCHF have been of the HL-LHC project remains unchanged at 950 MCHF. New allocated to the high-energy frontier over the period 2026-2029 with expenses to cover the developing needs of the Organization, as well a view to starting the preparation work for the construction of a future as the 75 MCHF missing special contributions to the HL-LHC which collider, and about 60 MCHF have been allocated, over the same have now been absorbed into the CERN budget, are offset by period, to Physics Beyond Colliders. Furthermore, 20 MCHF per year corresponding savings. have been added to the budget for the consolidation of buildings and From 2021 to 2023, the CBD is slightly higher than in last year’s MTP, technical galleries over the same period. due to the cumulative effects from the previous two years, but it then falls back to previous levels in 2024. Thereafter, the CBD is
5 It should be noted that the ~50 MCHF difference in the peak CBD between this year’s and last year’s MTP corresponds approximately to two weeks of CERN’s Budget.
14 Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024
In spite of the increased peak CBD, no drawdowns on the European management processes over the course of the year, supplemented Investment Bank credit facility are anticipated in 2020. Cash towards the end of the year by bank overdrafts and/or short-term shortfalls cannot be ruled out towards the end of that year if Member loans. or Associate Member State contributions do not come in on time, but this situation can be handled within the normal cash
Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024 15
Cumulative budget deficit over the years 2000-2029
16 Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024
Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024 17
II. RESOURCES PLAN FOR THE YEARS 2020-2024
18 Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024
1. REVENUES PLAN Figure 1: Anticipated revenues
Revised Total Total (in MCHF, 2019 prices, rounded off to 0.1 MCHF until 2024, 1 MCHF thereafter) 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2019- 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2019- Budget 2024 2029 REVENUES 1 327.6 1 324.6 1 333.8 1 307.5 1 286.5 1 273.4 7 853.4 1 261 1 258 1 259 1 260 1 259 14 151
Member States' contributions 1 146.0 1 146.0 1 146.0 1 146.0 1 146.0 1 146.0 6 876 1 146 1 146 1 146 1 146 1 146 12 606 Special contribution from Serbia 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.0 3 0 0 0 0 0 3 Associate Member States' contributions 25.2 26.5 26.5 26.5 26.5 26.5 158 27 27 27 27 27 290 Contributions anticipated from new Associate Member 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 6 1 1 1 1 1 11 States Special contributions to HL-LHC 29.9 12.2 19.9 19.9 21.1 13.2 116 3 0 0 0 0 119 EU contributions 13.2 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 53 8 8 8 8 8 93 Additional contributions 3.7 7.5 3.1 2.6 2.6 0.5 20 0 0 0 0 0 20 FCC, AWAKE, ELENA, FAIR 3.7 5.3 3.1 2.6 2.6 0.5 18 0 0 0 0 0 18 Swiss contribution to the CERN Neutrino Platform 0.0 2.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 Personnel paid from team accounts 14.1 11.4 8.6 7.1 6.3 5.3 53 5 5 5 5 5 77 Personnel on detachment 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Internal taxation 35.2 35.2 34.3 34.0 33.4 32.9 205 33 33 33 33 33 370 Knowledge transfer 3.7 1.9 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.1 10 1 1 1 1 1 16 Other revenues 55.4 74.2 84.4 60.7 39.9 38.9 353 38 37 39 40 39 546 Sales and miscellaneous 28.2 29.9 29.2 28.2 30.5 29.5 175 28 28 29 30 29 321 SCOAP3 revenues 9.0 9.9 9.9 9.9 0.0 0.0 39 0 0 0 0 0 39 OpenLab revenues 1.8 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3 0 0 0 0 0 3 Donations 6.7 23.7 35.7 13.1 0.0 0.0 79 0 0 0 0 0 79 Financial revenues 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 12 2 2 2 2 2 22 In-kind¹ 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4 9 1 1 1 1 1 16 Housing fund 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 36 6 6 6 6 6 66 ¹Theoretical interest on the FIPOI loan.
Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024 19
Comments on Figure 1:
The Member States’ contributions, which assume a constant Originally, some 200 MCHF of (in-kind) revenues were assumed as level, include the contribution from Serbia, which became a Member special contributions to the HL-LHC project, mainly from non- state in the first quarter of 2019. Member States. The Management has been working hard to obtain these contributions, and has so far secured a total amount of about As a new Member State Serbia will pay a special contribution of 105 MCHF, with another 20 MCHF expected. Efforts to obtain 3.2 MCHF. It was agreed that 80% will be paid in cash and 20% in- additional contributions will continue, but as construction has now kind. The cash component will be paid in equal instalments over a started in earnest, the likelihood is shrinking that further work period of 5 years starting in 2019. The in-kind special contribution packages can be executed in time through in-kind special (0.6 MCHF) will reduce the contribution to the HL-LHC project from contributions. Therefore, this MTP absorbs the missing 75 MCHF CERN’s Budget. within the CERN Budget and includes an updated time profile for This heading includes all contributions, regardless of whether there the delivery of the in-kind contributions covered by the 125 MCHF. are any outstanding amounts. In accordance with the Council’s This MTP includes all current agreements with the EU and future resolution on Greece’s contribution (CERN/3258/RA), in 2019 (conservative) estimates of about 8 MCHF per year. These EU Greece will pay 85% of its contribution for 2019 plus an annual contributions are offset by expenses and thus have no impact on instalment of the 15-year plan for the repayment of its arrears for the budget balance. the period 2014-2016. The remaining 15% of the 2017, 2018 and 2019 contributions will have to be compensated on terms to be Additional contributions are in-kind or cash contributions from determined by the Council in 2019. collaborating institutes to projects such as ELENA, AWAKE, or to fund work made by CERN for other institutions (e.g. FAIR). In line The Associate Member States’ contributions include the with the progress of prototype works, the first in-kind material contributions from Cyprus and Slovenia as Associate Members in contributions for the FCC project have been implemented in this the pre-stage to Membership, and from India, Lithuania, Pakistan, MTP. The Swiss contribution to the Neutrino Platform covers in-kind Turkey and Ukraine as Associate Members. contributions, through CERN, to the infrastructure of the LBNF Conservative assumptions are made for additional contributions facility and DUNE experiment in the US. from new Associate Member States, i.e. only countries at an The compensation headings for personnel paid from team advanced stage of negotiations are included. Therefore, it is accounts or on detachment (i.e. funded by third parties) have no assumed that only Croatia will become an Associate Member, with impact on the budget balance due to identical headings under the process expected to be completed in the second half of 2019.
20 Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024 expenses. These headings will be updated regularly to account for 9 MCHF external revenues from the SCOAP3 consortium are actual contract changes. foreseen during the last year of the second phase of SCOAP3 (2017-2019). The projected level of the SCOAP3 revenues Internal taxation is calculated for the book closing every year and during its third phase (2020-2022) is at 10 MCHF per year. The will be adjusted (no impact on the budget balance due to the SCOAP3 revenues are compensated by the same amount identical heading under expenses). under expenses; Knowledge transfer revenues are prudently assumed to remain at The revenues and corresponding expenses for OpenLab are a constant level of 1.1 MCHF. based on the contracts signed at the time of publication of this Other revenues: MTP;
The sales and miscellaneous heading includes 19.5 MCHF of Expected donations amounting to 79 MCHF (offset by the same revenues (offset by the same amount of expenses) amount of expenses) for the Science Gateway project; corresponding to materials expenditure recharged to teams and Financial revenues depend on when Member States’ collaborations, as agreed with the External Auditors. The contributions are paid (the earlier they are settled, the higher remaining part was adjusted upwards to about 10 MCHF per this heading will be) and on the market interest rates; annum to reflect the budget out-turn of last years; In-kind financial costs are assumed to remain constant. They cover the theoretical interest on the FIPOI loans.
Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024 21
22 Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024
2. ESTIMATED EXPENSES AND BUDGET BALANCES Figure 2: Estimated expenses and budget balances
Revised Total Total (in MCHF, 2019 prices, rounded off to 0.1 MCHF until 2024, 1 MCHF thereafter) 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2019-2024 2019-2029 Budget EXPENSES 1 343.5 1 278.4 1 240.9 1 195.2 1 159.7 1 131.7 7 349 1 096 1 126 1 119 1 089 1 184 12 964 Running of scientific programmes and support 1 017.7 976.5 963.7 946.8 932.4 901.9 5 739 882 945 980 947 955 10 448 Scientific programmes 564.0 508.7 467.4 469.3 463.7 474.3 2 947 475 475 490 471 476 5 334 Accelerator programme 370.9 320.1 272.3 280.3 284.5 298.6 1 827 299 295 304 283 287 3 295 Experiments and research programme 193.1 188.5 195.1 189.0 179.2 175.6 1 121 176 180 186 188 189 2 039 Infrastructure and services 453.7 467.9 496.3 477.5 468.8 427.7 2 792 407 470 490 476 479 5 114 General infrastructure and services (incl. admin, external relations, safety) 242.0 250.9 256.5 231.5 208.4 203.4 1 393 208 221 216 214 211 2 462 Site facilities (incl. infrastructure consolidation, buildings and renovation) 60.0 62.8 57.0 65.6 79.7 64.8 390 57 83 100 87 94 810 Centralised expenses 151.7 154.2 182.8 180.4 180.7 159.4 1 009 143 167 174 175 174 1 842 Centralised personnel expenses 36.4 36.3 36.3 36.3 36.3 36.3 218 36 36 36 36 36 400 Internal taxation 35.2 35.2 34.3 34.0 33.4 32.9 205 33 33 33 33 33 370 Internal mobility, personnel on detachment or paid from team accounts 14.3 11.6 8.9 7.4 6.8 5.8 55 5 5 5 5 5 81 Energy and water, insurance and postal charges, miscellaneous 55.7 61.9 95.0 95.6 98.2 79.5 486 64 89 97 98 97 932 Interest, bank and financial expenses, in-kind ¹ 10.1 9.2 8.2 7.1 6.1 5.0 46 4 3 2 2 2 59 Scientific projects 325.8 301.9 277.2 248.4 227.2 229.8 1 610 214 181 139 142 229 2 516 LHC upgrades 262.6 232.2 209.5 187.5 164.6 170.3 1 227 158 121 20 14 13 1 553 LHC injectors upgrade (LIU) 61.6 32.5 7.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 102 0 0 0 0 0 102 HL-LHC upgrade 148.2 151.1 165.8 144.7 122.1 134.4 866 129 102 5 0 0 1 102 LHC detectors upgrades (Phase I) and consolidation 27.0 25.0 4.1 2.9 2.4 2.4 64 2 2 2 2 2 75 LHC detectors upgrades (Phase II) and R&D 25.8 23.6 31.6 39.9 40.0 33.5 194 27 17 14 12 10 274 Energy frontier studies 30.2 23.6 26.9 26.4 26.3 25.2 159 26 27 81 91 156 538 Linear collider (CLIC, ILC) 15.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 0 0 0 0 15 Future Circular Collider 15.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 0 0 0 0 15 High-energy frontier 0.0 23.6 26.9 26.4 26.3 25.2 128 26 27 81 91 156 508 Accelerator technologies and R&D 15.7 14.0 13.1 10.0 11.1 10.6 74 8 8 7 7 5 110 R&D for future detectors 0.0 12.1 12.3 8.6 9.1 8.1 50 6 6 6 6 6 82 Scientific diversity projects 17.2 19.9 15.5 16.0 16.1 15.6 100 16 19 24 24 49 233 Neutrino Platform 9.4 14.0 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.7 46 6 6 6 6 6 75 Physics Beyond Colliders 2.8 0.5 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 8 2 5 10 10 35 71 EU supported computing R&D, support to external facilities 5.0 5.5 8.7 9.2 9.3 8.8 47 8 8 8 8 8 88
BALANCE
Annual balance -15.9 46.2 92.9 112.3 126.8 141.7 165 132 140 171 75
Capital repayment allocated to the budget (Fortis, FIPOI 1, 2 and 3) -27.7 -28.6 -29.5 -30.5 -31.5 -32.5 -34 -18 -1 -1 -1
Recapitalisation Pension Fund -60.0 -60.0 -60.0 -60.0 -60.0 -60.0 -60 -60 -60 -60 -60
Annual balance allocated to budget deficit -103.6 -42.3 3.4 21.8 35.4 49.2 71 54 79 110 14
- Cumulative balance ²- - 293.2 -396.8 -439.2 -435.8 -413.9 -378.6 -329.4 -258 -204 -125 -14 -1
¹ Including theoretical interest on the FIPOI loan (compensated by a corresponding heading in the revenues). ² The cumulative balance of -293.2 MCHF is the accumulated budget deficit as stated in the Financial Statements for 2018 (CERN/FC/6325, page 19).
Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024 23
Comments on Figure 2:
Figure 2 shows the estimated expenses and the annual balance. The at the expected pace and will make full use of the LS2 to perform a latter is the difference between revenues and expenses. Expenses maximum of activities, which explains the high level of expenses in include both, materials and personnel (M+P), and cover the operation 2019-2020. of the current facilities and experiments as well as design studies and The High Energy Frontier budget consists of about 7.5 MCHF per construction of new projects. Capital repayment for long-term loans year for CLIC and 18 MCHF per year for FCC over the period 2021- and the contribution to the recapitalisation of the Pension Fund are 2025. This budget line covers mainly accelerator R&D and other allocated to the budget balance. The sum of these headings and the critical activities needed to provide the necessary input to the next annual balance yields the annual balance allocated to the budget ESPP update around 2026. As of 2027, the budget allocation deficit. increases, following the completion of the HL-LHC construction The budget allocation for site infrastructure and buildings increases project. at the end of the HL-LHC construction period, i.e. from 2026 onwards, Detector R&D activities across CERN’s projects, which were grouped so as to maintain the buildings’ value and functionality and to together into a new R&D for future detectors line in the 2018 MTP, refurbish the technical galleries. have been strengthened by additional 11 MCHF in materials budget The significant reduction of the Centralised expenses in 2019-2020 over the period 2020-2024. The work in this area will cover residual is due to the reduction of energy consumption during LS2. R&D studies for LHC detector upgrades and developments of strategic experimental technologies needed for future detectors for The cost to completion of the LHC Injectors Upgrade project has collider and beyond collider projects. been confirmed by the third Cost and Schedule Review held in March 2018 and will be reassessed during the fourth Cost and Schedule Due to financial constraints, the budget for Physics Beyond Colliders Review planned in November 2019. The project expenses are at their remain at a modest level until 2025. Later on, over the period 2027- maximum during the LS2 period. 2029, new resources are allocated to start construction of a project that may be recommended by the current and/or next update of the Similarly, the cost to completion of the HL-LHC upgrade project has ESPP. been confirmed by the third Cost and Schedule Review held in March 2018 and will be reassessed during the fourth Cost and Schedule Review planned in November 2019. The project has now ramped up
24 Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024
3. RESOURCES ALLOCATIONS AND EXPENSES Figure 3: Accelerator programme
Fact Revised 2019 (in MCHF, 2019 prices, rounded off) 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Total 2019-2024 sheet Budget
Accelerator programme 370.9 320.1 272.3 280.3 284.5 298.6 1 826.7 1 LHC machine 183.5 158.0 126.9 145.1 146.3 155.9 915.8 Personnel 69.8 66.0 66.0 68.8 70.4 69.4 410.4 Materials 113.8 92.0 60.9 76.3 75.8 86.6 505.4 2 SPS complex 54.9 42.2 43.5 43.4 45.9 52.0 281.8 Personnel 17.1 18.0 22.3 23.5 23.0 22.8 126.6 Materials 37.7 24.2 21.2 19.9 23.0 29.2 155.3 3 PS complex 82.6 74.7 61.1 54.5 55.3 54.2 382.5 Personnel 34.8 36.3 39.4 38.8 37.0 37.0 223.3 Materials 47.9 38.4 21.7 15.7 18.3 17.2 159.1 4 Accelerator support 49.9 45.2 40.8 37.2 37.0 36.5 246.6 Personnel 33.0 31.0 32.5 29.4 29.1 28.6 183.7 Materials 16.9 14.2 8.2 7.9 7.9 7.9 62.9 0 % of total revenues 27.94 % 24.17 % 20.42 % 21.43 % 22.11 % 23.45 % 0.00 %
Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024 25
Comments on Figure 3:
This figure shows the costs directly related to the operation, completion of 25.3 MCHF. Such a renovation will lead to substantial maintenance and consolidation of the accelerator programme. The energy savings after its completion. larger materials expenses in 2019 and 2020 are due to the intense The cost of the operation of the injectors and of the associated consolidation activities during LS2. accelerator support and services are mainly related to delivering In addition to the operation costs, the LHC machine heading beams to the LHC. Fixed-target experiments and tests beams can includes the consolidation of the insulation of the dipole diodes, therefore be supplied with moderate incremental and directly linked consolidation items such as cooling and ventilation, cryogenics, costs. electrical systems, power converters, cranes and lifts, access Accelerator support includes cryogenic fluids for non-LHC system, beam instrumentation, RF systems, beam dumps, etc., as experiments, operation of cryolab, polymer laboratory, magnetic well as spares and consolidation in preparation for HL-LHC. measurements and vacuum infrastructure, accelerator controls, as PS and SPS complexes: These headings include all costs for the well as allocations for items that are common to all accelerators at operation of Linac4, Booster, PS and SPS and for the technical CERN (e.g. resources for FLUKA development, maintenance and groups linked to these machines. They also comprise the operation distribution to the scientific community, survey, quality control). Also of the n_TOF, ISOLDE/HIE-ISOLDE, AD/ELENA and North Area the upgrade of the SM18 magnet test facility is included under this facilities. Also covered are accelerator consolidation items, such as: heading (termination in 2020). PS and SPS access systems, RF controls, PS and PSB cooling and In addition to the direct costs shown in Figure 3, the accelerator ventilation systems, replacement of the n_TOF target, AD target area programme has indirect costs representing the largest part of Figure consolidation, SPS surface buildings ventilation systems, etc. 5, “Infrastructure and services”. Resources are also secured for the renovation of the East Area, expected to be completed by the end of LS2, with a material cost to
26 Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024
Figure 4: Experiments and research programme
Fact Revised 2019 (in MCHF, 2019 prices, rounded off) 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Total 2019-2024 sheet Budget
Experiments and research programme 193.1 188.5 195.1 189.0 179.2 175.6 1 120.6 5 ATLAS 18.5 16.8 17.5 16.3 16.0 14.8 99.8 Personnel 15.0 14.0 14.7 13.5 13.1 11.9 82.2 Materials 3.5 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 17.6 6 CMS 15.9 15.9 15.1 15.0 14.4 13.0 89.2 Personnel 12.4 12.9 12.0 12.0 11.6 10.3 71.3 Materials 3.4 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.8 18.0 7 LHCb 11.1 10.5 13.7 13.0 12.4 11.7 72.4
Personnel 9.5 9.2 12.4 11.7 11.1 10.4 64.3
Materials 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 8.1 8 ALICE 7.9 7.7 12.9 12.5 12.1 11.5 64.7
Personnel 6.2 6.2 11.3 10.9 10.5 10.0 55.2 Materials 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 9.5 9 Other LHC experiments 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 8.6 Personnel 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 6.6 Materials 0.5 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 2.1 10 Scientific diversity programme 9.3 6.7 6.0 4.8 4.6 4.2 35.7 Personnel 6.4 4.3 3.9 3.6 3.4 3.0 24.6
Materials 2.9 2.4 2.1 1.3 1.2 1.2 11.1 11 Theory 11.0 10.0 9.7 9.5 9.5 9.5 59.1
Personnel 9.4 8.9 8.8 8.6 8.6 8.6 52.9 Materials 1.6 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 6.2 12 Scientific computing 35.9 37.3 41.2 33.8 37.2 37.3 222.7 Personnel 18.5 17.9 17.3 17.2 16.9 17.0 104.8 Materials 17.3 19.4 23.9 16.6 20.4 20.3 118.0 13 Scientific support 82.2 82.2 77.5 82.6 71.5 72.2 468.3 Personnel 48.6 49.0 46.5 51.2 50.6 51.3 297.2 Materials 33.6 33.2 31.0 31.4 20.9 20.9 171.1
0 % of total revenues 14.55 % 14.23 % 14.63 % 14.45 % 13.93 % 13.79 % 0.00 %
Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024 27
Comments on Figure 4:
The personnel resources for the ALICE and LHCb experiments Scientific computing: The material expenses include CERN’s increase after LS2, as well as the personnel assigned to the Phase II contribution to the CPU and storage resources of the WLCG in line upgrades of ATLAS and CMS, as a consequence of the reallocation with its Tier-0 role (~ 20% of the total). The spending profile follows of the workforce assigned to the Phase I upgrades (see Figure 6). the needs of the experiments for the various running periods.
Scientific diversity programme: This heading includes funding for Scientific support: The materials heading covers support for non-LHC experiments (ISOLDE, n_TOF, AD, PS fixed target, the detector mechanics and electronics development as well as scientific North Area experiments, etc.). The resources allocation decreases software tools. Also included here is the funding for scientific with time because some of the projects will reach completion; exchanges (summer students and scientific associates), as well as nevertheless, it is maintained at a level allowing extensions of current the operational activities of the SCOAP3 consortium and CERN’s experiments. contribution to it.
The Theory allocation maintains a stable workforce for staff. The reduction in the personnel budget after 2019-2020 is due to the end of current EU projects for which CERN will actively submit new proposals. It should be noted that some 45% of the personnel budget covers the fellows of the Theory department (about 30 FTE) whereas the materials budget pays for the subsistence of visitors and other associated members of personnel. The slight reduction of the materials line as of 2020 reflects the reduction in the resources for visitors and associated members of personnel, following the implementation of savings measures.
28 Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024
Figure 5: Infrastructure and services
Fact Revised 2019 (in MCHF, 2019 prices, rounded off) 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Total 2019-2024 sheet Budget
Infrastructure and services 453.7 467.9 496.3 477.5 468.8 427.7 2 791.8
14 Safety, health and environment 53.7 50.8 47.9 44.4 43.2 42.5 282.4 Personnel 30.6 29.5 27.8 26.8 25.8 25.4 165.8
Materials 23.2 21.3 20.2 17.6 17.4 17.0 116.7 15 Site facilities 60.0 62.8 57.0 65.6 79.7 64.8 390.0 Personnel 15.2 15.3 15.8 15.6 15.4 15.4 92.7
Materials 44.7 47.5 41.2 50.1 64.3 49.4 297.3 16 Technical infrastructure 48.2 48.6 46.6 41.6 39.7 41.3 266.1 Personnel 32.9 32.5 30.8 26.0 24.3 25.8 172.2 Materials 15.4 16.1 15.8 15.6 15.5 15.5 93.9 17 Informatics and computing infrastructure 41.8 41.5 42.8 49.5 43.0 37.1 255.6
Personnel 27.0 25.4 23.8 23.1 23.0 22.9 145.3 Materials 14.9 16.0 19.0 26.4 19.9 14.2 110.3 18 Administration 62.1 62.3 60.4 59.2 58.9 58.1 361.1 Personnel 51.0 51.5 50.6 49.7 49.4 48.6 300.7 Materials 11.1 10.8 9.8 9.6 9.5 9.5 60.3 19 External relations 36.2 47.8 58.8 36.7 23.6 24.4 227.5 Personnel 17.7 16.8 16.0 15.9 15.5 15.3 97.1 Materials 18.5 31.0 42.9 20.8 8.1 9.1 130.4 20 Centralised expenses 151.7 154.2 182.8 180.4 180.7 159.4 1 009.2 Centralised personnel expenses 36.4 36.3 36.3 36.3 36.3 36.3 218.0
Internal taxation 35.2 35.2 34.3 34.0 33.4 32.9 204.9 Personnel internal mobility 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5 1.8 Personnel on detachment 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2
Personnel paid from team accounts 14.1 11.4 8.6 7.1 6.3 5.3 52.8 Energy and water 23.5 31.7 63.9 63.9 63.9 46.2 293.3
Insurance, postal charges, miscellaneous 32.2 30.1 31.1 31.7 34.3 33.3 192.6 Interest, bank and financial expenses 8.4 7.5 6.6 5.6 4.6 3.6 36.4 In-kind 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4 9.2 0 % of total revenues 34.17 % 35.32 % 37.21 % 36.52 % 36.44 % 33.58 % 0.00 %
Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024 29
Comments on Figure 5:
Safety, health and environment covers safety services, such as the (including Computer Centre operation, service desk support, video Fire Brigade and the Medical Service, CERN-wide safety, safety conferencing, telephony, computer networking, etc.). The budget training, and the part of radiation protection and safety inspections increase from 2021 to 2023 is mainly linked to the construction of the that is not allocated to the projects. The heading also includes the new Computing Centre in Prévessin. SPS fire safety project (cost to completion about 13 MCHF), which Administration: This heading covers the cost of central ends in 2021. Additional resources (5 MCHF over the period 2020- management and administrative services (e.g. for the DG office and 2024) have been secured in this MTP to mitigate CERN’s impact on services, HR, FAP and IPT departments), as well as business the environment, with the replacement of oil transformers by cast- computing. resin types and the consolidation of oil retention systems. External relations: This heading covers the activities of the Site facilities includes site management (cleaning, guards, etc.), International Relations Sector, including: relations with Member logistics (goods reception, mail service, transport, etc.), building States, Associate Member States and non-Member States, relations maintenance and consolidation, as well as the operation of the CERN with international organizations, education, communications and service desk. The allocation takes into account recurrent running outreach. The Science Gateway project is implemented in this MTP costs as well as the budget to renovate the site infrastructure and for a budget of 79 MCHF offset with matching donation revenues. buildings. The budget for new construction projects includes a new The external relations heading also includes knowledge transfer and office building in Prévessin (42 MCHF over the period 2021-2024). medical applications activities. The renovation of Building 60 (~ 10 MCHF) has been pushed back from 2021-2022 to 2028-2029, i.e. after the completion of the new Centralised personnel expenses: This heading mainly covers Building 90. CERN’s contribution to the health insurance premiums for pensioners, arrival and departure indemnities, unemployment Technical infrastructure includes various systems (i.e. cooling and benefit, etc. ventilation, electrical distribution, heavy handling, access and safety systems, fire and gas detection), as well as engineering facilities and Internal taxation: The estimate for 2019 and beyond is in line with workshops. The material budget covers mainly industrial services the actual staff numbers and their position in the salary grid. It offsets and maintenance contracts. the corresponding heading in the revenues. Personnel costs in all other headings are thus without internal taxation. Informatics and computing infrastructure cover computing infrastructure, as well as tools and services for users and staff
30 Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024
Personnel internal mobility is a central fund to ease the transfer Interest, bank and financial expenses: This heading covers the from one organic unit to another, and to temporarily compensate for remaining interest for the long-term FORTIS loan being paid back salary differentials. with higher annual instalments as of 2011, which reduce with time and will end in 2026. Personnel on detachment relates to staff on detachment to other institutes. The expenses are compensated by corresponding In-kind: This heading has corresponding revenues and covers the revenues. theoretical interest on the FIPOI loans.
Personnel paid from team accounts: This heading has corresponding revenues and therefore does not impact the annual balance.
Energy and water: This heading is dominated by the electricity consumption for the general infrastructure, the accelerator complex and the Computer Centre. It also includes water and heating expenses. The amount earmarked for electricity consumption is adjusted in constant prices to reflect the accelerator schedule. Energy consumption is substantially reduced during shutdown years.
Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024 31
32 Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024
Figure 6: Scientific projects
Fact Revised 2019 (in MCHF, 2019 prices, rounded off) 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Total 2019-2024 sheet Budget Scientific projects 325.8 301.9 277.2 248.4 227.2 229.8 1 610.4 21 LHC injectors upgrade 61.6 32.5 7.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 102.1 Personnel 27.8 22.0 4.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 54.1 Materials 33.8 10.6 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 47.9 22 HL-LHC upgrade 148.2 151.1 165.8 144.7 122.1 134.4 866.3 Personnel 44.1 43.1 43.0 44.0 42.0 44.4 260.6 Materials 104.1 108.0 122.9 100.6 80.2 90.0 605.7 23 LHC detectors upgrades 52.8 48.6 35.7 42.8 42.4 35.9 258.3 LHC detectors upgrades (Phase I) and consolidation 27.0 25.0 4.1 2.9 2.4 2.4 63.9 Personnel 14.5 14.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 29.1 Materials 12.6 10.5 4.0 2.9 2.4 2.4 34.9 LHC detectors upgrades (Phase II) and R&D 25.8 23.6 31.6 39.9 40.0 33.5 194.4 Personnel 19.1 14.7 16.2 16.8 17.9 17.9 102.7 Materials 6.7 8.9 15.4 23.1 22.2 15.6 91.7 24 Energy frontier studies 30.2 23.6 26.9 26.4 26.3 25.2 158.7 Linear collider 15.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.1 Personnel 9.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.9 Materials 5.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.2 Future Circular Collider 15.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.2 Personnel 8.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.0 Materials 7.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.2 High-energy frontier 0.0 23.6 26.9 26.4 26.3 25.2 128.5 Personnel 0.0 11.7 9.6 13.2 12.5 8.9 55.9 Materials 0.0 11.9 17.3 13.2 13.9 16.3 72.6 25 Accelerator technologies and R&D 15.7 14.0 13.1 10.0 11.1 10.6 74.4 Superconducting RF studies 1.8 2.4 2.4 2.1 2.1 2.1 12.9 Personnel 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 2.5 Materials 1.2 2.0 2.1 1.7 1.7 1.7 10.3 Superconducting magnet R&D 5.4 4.3 3.5 1.8 1.7 1.9 18.6 Personnel 1.4 1.3 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.2 6.8 Materials 4.0 3.0 2.5 0.9 0.7 0.7 11.8 Proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration (AWAKE) 4.2 3.1 3.3 2.7 4.2 3.8 21.2 Personnel 1.9 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 8.8 Materials 2.3 1.8 2.0 1.3 2.6 2.3 12.3 Other accelerator R&D 4.3 4.2 3.9 3.4 3.2 2.8 21.9 Personnel 3.2 2.9 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.3 16.6 Materials 1.2 1.3 1.0 0.7 0.6 0.6 5.3 26 R&D for future detectors 0.0 12.1 12.3 8.6 9.1 8.1 50.1 Personnel 0.0 9.4 8.6 5.0 5.6 5.5 34.1 Materials 0.0 2.7 3.6 3.5 3.5 2.6 16.0 27 Scientific diversity projects 17.2 19.9 15.5 16.0 16.1 15.6 100.5 Neutrino platform 9.4 14.0 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.7 46.1 Personnel 3.2 2.6 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 14.7 Materials 6.2 11.3 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.5 31.4 Physics Beyond Colliders 2.8 0.5 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 7.9 Personnel 1.6 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 2.4 Materials 1.3 0.3 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 5.4 EU supported computing R&D 2.9 3.9 7.0 7.5 7.8 8.0 37.0 Personnel 1.6 1.2 0.7 0.2 0.0 0.0 3.7 Materials 1.3 2.8 6.3 7.2 7.8 8.0 33.3 Support to external facilities 2.1 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6 0.8 9.5 Personnel 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.3 3.5 Materials 1.3 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.5 6.1 0 % of total revenues 24.54 % 22.79 % 20.79 % 19.00 % 17.66 % 18.05 % 0.00 %
Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024 33
Comments on Figure 6:
LHC Injectors Upgrade: This heading covers the upgrade of the for the continuation of design and R&D studies of CLIC and FCC Booster, PS and SPS to provide the high-brightness beams required beyond 2020, these resources are insufficient to support both in the HL-LHC era. The (unchanged) cost to completion is projects at the level required to prepare TDRs by the next ESPP 180 MCHF. This heading also includes the connection of the Linac4 update around 2026. to the Booster during LS2. Accelerator technologies and R&D: This heading includes the HL-LHC upgrade: This heading covers all studies, R&D, and implementation and operation of AWAKE. Previous MTPs provided construction work to upgrade the LHC to ultimate performance, the resources needed to complete the first run of the project before aiming to completion at the end of LS3 (2026). The (unchanged) cost LS2. A budget of 16 MCHF has been allocated in this MTP over the to completion is 950 MCHF, of which up to 125 MCHF are now period 2020-2029 for the design study and the implementation of expected to come from special (in-kind) contributions. AWAKE’s second run.
LHC detectors upgrades (Phase I) and consolidation covers the This heading also includes superconducting RF studies that aims at detector consolidation and enhancements needed to fully benefit maintaining in-house experience. The materials budget is kept at the from the luminosity increase provided by the LHC Injectors Upgrade. level of 2 MCHF per year. The superconducting magnet budget It also provides additional resources requested by the experiments covers R&D activities on materials alternatives to Nb3Sn (e.g. HTS), from CERN as host laboratory for the period up to and including LS2, as well as the upgrade of test facilities and the operation of for activities like civil engineering (including extension of the SX5 FRESCA 2. building for CMS), transport, and connections to the electrical and The Other accelerator R&D heading covers mainly R&D activities cooling networks. for vacuum technologies, surfaces, coatings, R&D on beam transfer LHC detectors upgrades (Phase II) and R&D: This line includes (kicker systems, septa, electronics and controls) and energy R&D activities in preparation for the Phase II upgrades of ATLAS and extraction systems. CMS, as well as CERN’s share of the Phase II detector construction. R&D for future detectors: From 2020 onwards, this line includes all High-energy frontier: This heading includes funding, at the level of detector R&D activities across CERN’s projects: the end of R&D for 7.5 MCHF/year, for Linear collider, i.e. CLIC accelerator R&D and the Phase II upgrades of the LHC experiments (2020-201), and design studies, as well as CERN’s participation in detector R&D detector studies for Linear Colliders, FCC and Physics Beyond activities for future linear colliders. It also includes funding, at the Colliders. The R&D for future detectors line was introduced last year level of 18 MCHF/year, for Future Circular Collider. While allowing
34 Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024 and it is strengthened in this MTP by additional 11 MCHF in materials studies for the ESPP (e.g. technical feasibility studies for a possible budget during the years 2020-2024. beam-dump facility at the North Area); preliminary resources are allocated from 2020 to 2024 to continue design and R&D studies for Scientific diversity projects. At the Neutrino Platform, the the project(s) recommended by the ESPP, while larger (construction) procurement of the components for the first cryostat for the DUNE funds are assigned as of 2027. experiment ends at the end of 2020. In later years, the budget is kept constant at about 6 MCHF/year while waiting for input from the The Scientific diversity projects heading also includes activities done current and/or next ESPP update. for other research institutes and projects, such as FAIR and ITER, as well as projected expenses for EU projects offset by corresponding The Physics Beyond Colliders study heading reports the budget revenues. allocated to PBC studies until 2019 to complete the necessary
Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024 35
III. 2020 DRAFT BUDGET
36 Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024
1. OVERVIEW OF REVENUES Figure 7: Overview of revenues
Variation of 2020 Draft (in MCHF, 2019 prices, rounded off) Revised 2019 Budget 2020 Draft Budget Budget with respect to Revised 2019 Budget REVENUES 1 327.6 1 324.6 -0.22 % Member States' contributions 1 146.0 1 146.0 0.00 % Special contribution from Serbia 0.5 0.7 31.68 % Associate Member States' contributions 25.2 26.5 5.32 %
Contributions anticipated from new Associate Member States 0.5 1.0 100.00 % Special contributions to HL-LHC 29.9 12.2 -59.29 % EU contributions 13.2 8.0 -39.55 %
Additional contributions 3.7 7.5 101.07 % FCC, AWAKE, ELENA, FAIR 3.7 5.3 40.37 % Swiss contribution to the CERN Neutrino Platform 0.0 2.3 0.00 % Personnel paid from team accounts 14.1 11.4 -18.91 % Personnel on detachment 0.2 0.0 -100.00 % Internal taxation 35.2 35.2 -0.10 % Knowledge transfer 3.7 1.9 -47.33 %
Other revenues 55.4 74.2 34.03 % Sales and miscellaneous 28.2 29.9 5.91 % SCOAP3 revenues 9.0 9.9 9.95 %
OpenLab revenues 1.8 1.1 -39.09 % Donations 6.7 23.7 254.29 % Financial revenues 2.0 2.0 0.00 % In-kind ¹ 1.7 1.6 -3.57 % Housing fund 6.0 6.0 0.00 %
¹ Theoretical interest on the FIPOI loan.
Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024 37
2. OVERVIEW OF EXPENSES Figure 8: Overview of Expenses
Variation of 2020 Draft Budget (in MCHF, 2019 prices, rounded off) Revised 2019 Budget 2020 Draft Budget with respect to Revised 2019 Budget EXPENSES 1 343.5 1 278.4 -4.85 % Running of scientific programmes and support 1 017.7 976.5 -4.05 %
Scientific programmes 564.0 508.7 -9.82 % Accelerator programme 370.9 320.1 -13.69 % Experiments and research programme 193.1 188.5 -2.37 % Infrastructure and services 453.7 467.9 3.12 % General infrastructure and services (incl. admin, external relations, safety) 242.0 250.9 3.65 % Site facilities (incl. infrastructure consolidation, buildings and renovation) 60.0 62.8 4.82 % Centralised expenses 151.7 154.2 1.60 % Centralised personnel expenses 36.4 36.3 -0.06 % Internal taxation 35.2 35.2 -0.10 % Internal mobility, personnel on detachment or paid from team accounts 14.3 11.6 -19.01 % Energy and water, insurance and postal charges, miscellaneous 55.7 61.9 11.10 % Interest, bank and financial expenses, in-kind ¹ 10.1 9.2 -9.53 % ¹ Including theoretical interest on the Scientific projects 325.8 301.9 -7.34 % FIPOI loan (compensated by a LHC upgrades 262.6 232.2 -11.57 % corresponding heading in the revenues). LHC injectors upgrade (LIU) 61.6 32.5 -47.17 % HL-LHC upgrade 148.2 151.1 1.94 % LHC detectors upgrades (Phase I) and consolidation 27.0 25.0 -7.35 % LHC detectors upgrades (Phase II) and R&D 25.8 23.6 -8.54 % Energy frontier studies 30.2 23.6 -21.81 % Linear collider (CLIC, ILC) 15.1 0.0 -100.00 % Future Circular Collider 15.2 0.0 -100.00 % High-energy frontier 0.0 23.6 0.00 % Accelerator technologies and R&D 15.7 14.0 -11.08 % R&D for future detectors 0.0 12.1 0.00 % Scientific diversity projects 17.2 19.9 15.73 % Neutrino Platform 9.4 14.0 48.99 % Physics Beyond Colliders 2.8 0.5 -83.66 % EU supported computing R&D, support to external facilities 5.0 5.5 9.97 %
BALANCE Annual balance -15.9 46.2 0.00 % ² The cumulative balance of -293.2 MCHF is the accumulated budget deficit Capital repayment allocated to the budget (Fortis, FIPOI 1, 2 and 3) -27.7 -28.6 0.00 % as stated in the Financial Statements for Recapitalisation Pension Fund -60.0 -60.0 0.00 % 2018 (CERN/FC/6325, page 19). Annual balance allocated to budget deficit -103.6 -42.3 0.00 % -Cumulative balance ²- - 293.2 -396.8 -439.2 0.00 %
38 Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024
3. SCALE OF CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE MEMBER STATES FOR 2020
The percentage distribution of the scale of contributions for 2020 is presented to Council for approval in the document CERN/FC/6334-CERN/3431. The annual contribution in Swiss francs is based on 2019 prices, as the Cost-Variation Index proposal will be submitted to Council for approval in December 2019. Figure 9 (1/2) : Scale of Contributions of the Member States for the Financial Year 2020
Net National Net National Income Exchange rates Income 2020 2020 at factor cost Theoretical Due at factor cost Contribution Contribution in millions in national currency national currencies in Swiss francs in MCHF 1 Average Country Currency 2015 2016 2017 2015 2016 2017 in % in % Cyprus became an Associate Member 2015 to 2017 State in the pre-stage to Membership on Austria EUR 234 468 245 931 255 740 1.0681 1.0902 1.1114 267 586 2.15672% 2.15672% 1st April 2016 and will pay the statutory Belgium EUR 290 982 303 411 318 631 1.0681 1.0902 1.1114 331 892 2.67503% 2.67503% minimum contribution of 1 MCHF in 2020 as provided for in Council Resolution Bulgaria BGN 63 717 67 662 72 928 0.5461 0.5574 0.5682 37 984 0.30615% 0.30615% CERN/3034/RA. Czech Republic CZK 2 860 103 2 982 475 3 189 904 0.0392 0.0403 0.0422 122 330 0.98597% 0.98597% 2 Slovenia became an Associate Member Denmark DKK 1 464 593 1 475 175 1 541 708 0.1433 0.1464 0.1494 218 715 1.76283% 1.76283% State in the pre-stage to Membership Finland EUR 144 919 150 385 156 512 1.0681 1.0902 1.1114 164 224 1.32364% 1.32364% on 4 July 2017 and will pay 40% of its France EUR 1 562 558 1 575 839 1 621 738 1.0681 1.0902 1.1114 1 729 739 13.94158% 13.94158% theoretical contribution in 2020 as Germany EUR 2 279 791 2 363 723 2 456 391 1.0681 1.0902 1.1114 2 580 604 20.79949% 20.79949% provided for in Council Resolution CERN/3288/RA. Greece EUR 119 678 117 872 122 024 1.0681 1.0902 1.1114 130 646 1.05300% 1.05300% 3 Hungary HUF 21 114 198 22 686 975 24 239 159 0.0034 0.0035 0.0036 79 777 0.64300% 0.64300% India became an Associate Member Israel ILS 845 513 889 904 929 561 0.2477 0.2566 0.2736 230 691 1.85935% 1.85935% State on 16 January 2017 and will pay Member States 10% of its theoretical contribution in 2020, Italy EUR 1 123 477 1 180 941 1 207 086 1.0681 1.0902 1.1114 1 276 302 10.28691% 10.28691% as provided for in Council Resolution Netherlands EUR 505 524 506 217 541 780 1.0681 1.0902 1.1114 564 640 4.55096% 4.55096% CERN/3274/RA. Norway NOK 2 381 847 2 357 637 2 509 005 0.1195 0.1173 0.1191 286 732 2.31104% 2.31104% 4 Lithuania became an Associate Member Poland PLN 1 304 414 1 330 185 1 411 514 0.2554 0.2499 0.2611 344 670 2.77802% 2.77802% State on 8 January 2018 and will pay the Portugal EUR 118 911 123 744 128 674 1.0681 1.0902 1.1114 134 971 1.08786% 1.08786% statutory minimum contribution of Romania RON 512 602 551 598 619 740 0.2403 0.2428 0.2433 135 943 1.09569% 1.09569% 1 MCHF in 2020, as provided for in Council Resolution CERN/3315/RA/Rev. Serbia RSD 3 101 877 3 249 930 3 431 480 0.0088 0.0089 0.0092 29 210 0.23543% 0.23543% 5 Slovakia EUR 53 198 55 310 57 685 1.0681 1.0902 1.1114 60 409 0.48689% 0.48689% Pakistan became an Associate Member State on 31 July 2015 and will pay 10% Spain EUR 773 673 806 370 839 076 1.0681 1.0902 1.1114 879 316 7.08722% 7.08722% of its theoretical contribution in 2020 as Sweden SEK 2 718 116 2 799 539 2 932 339 0.1142 0.1152 0.1153 323 776 2.60961% 2.60961% provided for in Council Resolution Switzerland CHF 514 932 509 187 517 376 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 513 832 4.14145% 4.14145% CERN/3142/RA. United Kingdom GBP 1 391 358 1 440 591 1 513 708 1.4705 1.3352 1.2683 1 963 065 15.82217% 15.82217% 6 Turkey became an Associate Member Total Member States 12 407 052 100.0000% 100.0000% State on 6 May 2015 and will pay 10% of its theoretical contribution in 2020 as Associate Member States Cyprus ¹ EUR 12 766 13 291 14 125 1.0681 1.0902 1.1114 14 608 0.11774% 0.08065% provided for in Council Resolution in the pre-stage to Membership Slovenia ² EUR 24 221 25 592 27 938 1.0681 1.0902 1.1114 28 273 0.22788% 0.09115% CERN/3106/RA. Total Associate Member States 42 880 0.3456% 0.1718% 7 in the pre-stage to Membership Ukraine became an Associate Member State on 5 October 2016 and will pay the India ³ INR 99 012 002 109 645 224 121 060 686 0.0148 0.0148 0.0147 1 623 308 13.08375% 1.30838% 4 statutory minimum contribution of 1 MCHF Lithuania EUR 26 707 27 783 30 463 1.0681 1.0902 1.1114 30 890 0.24897% 0.02490% 5 in 2020 as provided for in Council Associate Member States Pakistan PKR 19 741 218 20 899 856 23 069 111 0.0093 0.0094 0.0095 199 539 1.60827% 0.16083% Resolution CERN/3082/RA. 6 Turkey TRY 1 694 966 1 891 180 2 242 152 0.3550 0.3267 0.2700 608 302 4.90287% 0.49029% 7 Ukraine UAH 1 430 465 1 714 626 2 153 626 0.0441 0.0385 0.0370 69 623 0.56116% 0.05612% Total Associate Member States 2 531 662 20.4050% 2.0405%
Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024 39
Figure 9 (2/2) : Scale of Contributions of the Member States for the Financial Year 2020
2020 2020 2020 Maximum contribution Annual contribution Annual contribution acc. to the corridor principle (*)
in CHF in CHF Country in % 2019 prices 2020 prices
Austria 24 716 050 2.15672% 25 210 350 Belgium 30 655 900 2.67503% 31 269 000 Bulgaria 3 508 500 0.30615% 3 578 650 Czech Republic 11 299 250 0.98597% 11 525 250 Denmark 20 202 050 1.76283% 20 606 100 Finland 15 168 950 1.32364% 15 472 350 France 159 770 800 13.94158% 162 966 200 Germany 238 362 600 20.79949% 243 129 850 Greece 12 067 400 1.05300% 12 308 750 Hungary 7 368 800 0.64300% 7 516 200 Member States Israel 21 308 200 1.85935% 21 734 350 Italy 117 888 200 10.28691% 120 245 950 Netherlands 52 154 100 4.55096% 53 197 200 Norway 26 484 550 2.31104% 27 014 250 Poland 31 836 150 2.77802% 32 472 850 Portugal 12 466 900 1.08786% 12 716 250 Romania 12 556 650 1.09569% 12 807 800 Serbia 2 698 050 0.23543% 2 752 000 Slovakia 5 579 750 0.48689% 5 691 350 Spain 81 219 700 7.08722% 82 844 100 Sweden 29 906 200 2.60961% 30 504 300 Switzerland 47 461 100 4.14145% 48 410 300 United Kingdom 181 322 400 15.82217% 184 948 850 Total Member States 1 146 002 250 100.0000% 1 168 922 250
Associate Member States Cyprus 1 000 000 1 000 000 in the pre-stage to Membership Slovenia 1 044 600 1 065 450 Total Associate Member States 2 044 600 2 065 450 in the pre-stage to Membership India 14 994 050 15 293 950 Lithuania 1 000 000 1 000 000 Associate Member States Pakistan 1 843 100 1 880 000 Turkey 5 618 750 5 731 100 (*) CERN/FC/5366-CERN/2864 Ukraine 1 000 000 1 000 000 and CERN/FC/5644-CERN/3023 Total Associate Member States 24 455 900 24 905 050
Grand TOTAL 1 172 502 750 1 195 892 750
40 Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024
4. EXPENSES BY SCIENTIFIC AND NON SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMMES Figure 10: 2020 Draft Budget (Personnel, Materials and Interest & financial costs)
* Including centralised personnel expenses, internal mobility and personnel on detachment (2.8%), Personnel paid from team accounts (0.9%), Insurance, postal charges, miscellaneous (2.4%), In-kind (theoretical interest on the FIPOI loan) (0.1%)
Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024 41
Figure 11: Scientific programme
Revised 2019 Budget 2020 Draft Budget (2019 prices) (2019 prices) Activity Variation of 2020 (a) (b) Draft Budget with respect to Revised
FTE kCHF Fact FTE kCHF 2019 Budget
Personnel Personnel Materials Total sheet Personnel Personnel Materials Total
878.4 154 670 216 235 370 905 Accelerator programme 839.1 151 390 168 730 320 120 -13.7 % 415.9 69 770 113 755 183 525 1 LHC machine 391.1 66 035 92 005 158 040 -13.9 % 101.5 17 110 37 745 54 855 2 SPS complex 102.2 17 970 24 190 42 160 -23.1 %
193.5 34 770 47 860 82 630 3 PS complex 196.6 36 345 38 375 74 720 -9.6 % 167.5 33 020 16 875 49 895 4 Accelerator support 149.3 31 040 14 160 45 200 -9.4 %
678.8 127 065 66 050 193 115 Experiments and research programme 634.3 123 345 65 190 188 535 -2.4 % 76.1 14 985 3 500 18 485 5 ATLAS 69.7 14 005 2 785 16 790 -9.2 % 6 67.1 12 425 3 430 15 855 CMS 69.7 12 855 3 015 15 870 0.1 % 46.9 9 525 1 570 11 095 7 LHCb 44.2 9 155 1 315 10 470 -5.6 % 34.6 6 245 1 665 7 910 8 ALICE 30.3 6 185 1 560 7 745 -2.1 % 3.4 945 465 1 410 9 Other LHC experiments 3.4 960 560 1 520 7.8 % 38.2 6 405 2 930 9 335 10 Scientific diversity programme 25.5 4 345 2 355 6 700 -28.2 % 56.7 9 395 1 560 10 955 11 Theory 52.8 8 915 1 050 9 965 -9.0 %
91.9 18 545 17 310 35 855 12 Scientific computing 84.5 17 920 19 400 37 320 4.1 % 263.9 48 595 33 620 82 215 13 Scientific support 254.2 49 005 33 150 82 155 -0.1 %
1 557.2 281 735 282 285 564 020 Grand Total 1 473.4 274 735 233 920 508 655 -9.8 % 0 21.22% 21.26% 42.48% % of total revenues 0 20.74% 17.66% 38.40% 0
42 Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024
Figure 12: Infrastructure and services
Revised 2019 Budget 2020 Draft Budget (2019 prices) Activity (2019 prices) Variation of 2020 (a) (b) Draft Budget with respect to Revised
FTE kCHF Fact FTE kCHF 2019 Budget sheet Personnel Personnel Materials Total Personnel Personnel Materials Total
1 074.9 260 185 193 510 453 695 Infrastructure and services 1 013.7 254 085 213 775 467 860 3.1 % 184.1 30 550 23 185 53 735 14 Safety, health and environment 180.4 29 500 21 270 50 770 -5.5 % 89.1 15 245 44 705 59 950 15 Site facilities 86.6 15 325 47 515 62 840 4.8 % 187.1 32 850 15 385 48 235 16 Technical infrastructure 179.3 32 460 16 130 48 590 0.7 % 150.5 26 950 14 860 41 810 17 Informatics and computing infrastructure 135.1 25 440 16 035 41 475 -0.8 % 267.0 51 025 11 070 62 095 18 Administration 266.0 51 450 10 835 62 285 0.3 %
101.9 17 675 18 480 36 155 19 External relations 92.5 16 800 30 950 47 750 32.1 % 95.2 85 890 65 825 151 715 20 Centralised expenses 73.9 83 110 71 040 154 150 1.6 %
0.0 36 355 0 36 355 Centralised personnel expenses 0.0 36 335 0 36 335 -0.1 %
0.0 35 200 0 35 200 Internal taxation 0.0 35 165 0 35 165 -0.1 %
0.0 75 0 75 Personnel internal mobility 0.0 180 0 180 140.0 %
0.8 165 0 165 Personnel on detachment 0.0 0 0 0 -100.0 %
94.4 14 095 0 14 095 Personnel paid from team accounts 73.9 11 430 0 11 430 -18.9 %
0.0 0 23 545 23 545 Energy and water 0.0 0 31 735 31 735 34.8 %
0.0 0 32 155 32 155 Insurance, postal charges, miscellaneous 0.0 0 30 145 30 145 -6.3 %
0.0 0 8 445 8 445 Interest, bank and financial expenses 0.0 0 7 540 7 540 -10.7 %
0.0 0 1 680 1 680 In-kind 0.0 0 1 620 1 620 -3.6 %
0 19.60% 14.58% 34.17% % of total revenues 0 19.18% 16.14% 35.32% 0
Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024 43
Figure 13: Scientific projects
Revised 2019 Budget 2020 Draft Budget (2019 prices) Activity (2019 prices) Variation of 2020 (a) (b) Draft Budget with respect to Revised
FTE kCHF Fact FTE kCHF 2019 Budget sheet Personnel Personnel Materials Total Personnel Personnel Materials Total
762.3 137 545 188 245 325 790 Scientific projects 653.1 126 035 175 845 301 880 -7.3 % 159.3 27 775 33 830 61 605 21 LHC injectors upgrade 117.0 21 950 10 595 32 545 -47.2 % 252.7 44 075 104 100 148 175 22 HL-LHC upgrade 234.1 43 100 107 950 151 050 1.9 % 155.7 33 600 19 230 52 830 23 LHC detectors upgrades 129.2 29 275 19 365 48 640 -7.9 %
68.7 14 460 12 555 27 015 LHC detectors upgrades (Phase I) and consolidation 63.3 14 530 10 500 25 030 -7.3 %
87.0 19 140 6 675 25 815 LHC detectors upgrades (Phase II) and R&D 65.9 14 745 8 865 23 610 -8.5 % 102.9 17 860 12 380 30 240 24 Energy frontier studies 60.4 11 735 11 910 23 645 -21.8 %
50.7 9 905 5 165 15 070 Linear collider 0.0 0 0 0 -100.0 %
52.2 7 955 7 215 15 170 Future Circular Collider 0.0 0 0 0 -100.0 %
0.0 0 0 0 High-energy frontier 60.4 11 735 11 910 23 645 0.0 % 44.5 7 045 8 665 15 710 25 Accelerator technologies and R&D 35.3 5 915 8 055 13 970 -11.1 %
4.4 630 1 150 1 780 Superconducting RF studies 2.5 425 2 005 2 430 36.5 %
9.3 1 400 4 030 5 430 Superconducting magnet R&D 7.5 1 290 2 965 4 255 -21.6 %
12.7 1 855 2 305 4 160 Proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration (AWAKE) 9.3 1 285 1 815 3 100 -25.5 %
18.3 3 160 1 180 4 340 Other accelerator R&D 16.0 2 915 1 270 4 185 -3.6 % 0.0 0 0 0 26 R&D for future detectors 49.5 9 405 2 685 12 090 0.0 % 47.1 7 190 10 040 17 230 27 Scientific diversity projects 27.7 4 655 15 285 19 940 15.7 %
17.5 3 215 6 155 9 370 Neutrino platform 14.6 2 645 11 315 13 960 49.0 %
12.9 1 580 1 265 2 845 Physics Beyond Colliders 0.9 180 285 465 -83.7 %
12.4 1 585 1 295 2 880 EU supported computing R&D 8.8 1 160 2 760 3 920 36.1 %
4.3 810 1 325 2 135 Support to external facilities 3.4 670 925 1 595 -25.3 % 10.36% 14.18% 24.54% % of total revenues 9.51% 13.28% 22.79%
44 Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024
Multi-annual projects Figure 14 (1/3): Expenses – Details of projects included in the activity headings It details the amounts of non-recurrent expenses for 2019 and 2020 split by programme and project. (in kCHF, rounded off) Revised 2019 Budget 2020 Draft Budget Variations of 2020 Draft Budget with (2019 prices) (2019 prices) respect to Revised 2019 Budget Programme Project (a) (b) (c) = (b)-(a) (d) = (c)/(a) Personnel Materials Total Personnel Materials Total kCHF % 41 545 125 425 166 970 Sub-total Accelerator programme 35 150 84 645 119 795 -47 175 -28% 22 115 58 060 80 175 LHC machine 18 685 39 035 57 720 -22 455 -28% 250 300 550 Collimation system enhancements 255 260 515 - 35 -6% 1 065 10 455 11 520 Electrical network 2025 535 2 830 3 365 -8 155 -71% 450 155 605 Experimental areas consolidation 435 105 540 - 65 -11% 1 515 1 515 IT Long shutdown work 595 595 - 920 -61% 9 065 15 675 24 740 LHC consolidation 8 295 10 365 18 660 -6 080 -25% 4 030 6 955 10 985 LHC diodes consolidation 2 620 5 095 7 715 -3 270 -30% 135 135 LHC magnet repair - 135 -100% 2 200 2 700 4 900 LHC spares 2 205 2 865 5 070 170 3% 125 575 700 POPS repair, spare and consolidation 35 945 980 280 40% 2 950 5 230 8 180 Radiation to electronics (R2E) 2 200 3 465 5 665 -2 515 -31% 665 13 745 14 410 Spares and consolidation in the framework of HL-LHC 765 11 815 12 580 -1 830 -13% 1 315 620 1 935 Support to LHC experiments 1 340 695 2 035 100 5% 17 325 61 240 78 565 PS and SPS complex 15 035 39 810 54 845 -23 720 -30% 5 5 Accelerator 66/18 kV loop PS consolidation - 5 -100% 10 385 36 745 47 130 programme Accelerator consolidation 8 865 22 945 31 810 -15 320 -33% 1 035 2 975 4 010 Included in Figure 3 AD consolidation 795 2 800 3 595 - 415 -10% 2 090 10 350 12 440 East area renovation 1 725 7 650 9 375 -3 065 -25% 630 970 1 600 ELENA 625 1 070 1 695 95 6% 50 205 255 ISOLDE nano laboratory 5 1 790 1 795 1 540 604% 1 545 1 200 2 745 North area consolidation 1 685 1 245 2 930 185 7% 385 635 1 020 PS and SPS spares 485 215 700 - 320 -31% 1 205 8 155 9 360 SPS electrical substations consolidation 850 2 095 2 945 -6 415 -69% 1 790 5 975 7 765 Accelerator support 1 240 5 740 6 980 - 785 -10% 235 235 Cryogenic infrastructure Upgrade 75 75 - 160 -68% 2 215 2 215 General accelerator developments 3 640 3 640 1 425 64% 1 250 1 480 2 730 SM18 infrastructure upgrade 930 2 075 3 005 275 10% 305 2 280 2 585 TE infrastructure consolidation 235 25 260 -2 325 -90% 315 150 465 EU projects 190 60 250 - 215 -46% 10 555 30 040 40 595 Sub-total Experiments and research programme 7 910 28 560 36 470 -4 125 -10% 180 180 Other LHC experiments 300 300 120 67% 10 10 GIF++ infrastructure - 10 -100% 170 170 LHC host lab - FASER 300 300 130 76% 980 175 1 155 Scientific diversity programme 865 100 965 - 190 -16% 350 90 440 AEgIS 355 100 455 15 3% 630 85 715 Experiments and NA62 510 510 - 205 -29% 5 350 14 615 19 965 research LHC Computing Grid 5 065 16 110 21 175 1 210 6% 105 11 700 11 805 programme Scientific support 80 11 025 11 105 - 700 -6% 100 100 Included in Figure 4 Bldg 513 exhibition for WWW invention - 100 -100% 105 170 275 Computer security hardening 80 55 135 - 140 -51% 360 360 EP Safety and consolidation 580 580 220 61% 1 000 1 000 HVAC system building 42 -1 000 -100% 290 290 PCB Workshop machine 300 300 10 3% 9 780 9 780 SCOAP3 10 090 10 090 310 3% 3 500 2 360 5 860 EU projects 1 595 1 015 2 610 -3 250 -55% 620 1 010 1 630 KT projects 305 10 315 -1 315 -81%
Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024 45
Figure 14 (2/3): Expenses – Details of projects included in the activity headings
(in kCHF, rounded off)
Revised 2019 Budget 2020 Draft Budget Variations of 2020 Draft Budget with (2019 prices) (2019 prices) respect to Revised 2019 Budget Programme Project (a) (b) (c) = (b)-(a) (d) = (c)/(a) Personnel Materials Total Personnel Materials Total kCHF % 12 420 52 515 64 935 Sub-total Infrastructure and services 10 295 68 940 79 235 14 300 22% 4 510 14 020 18 530 Safety, health and environment 4 105 12 520 16 625 -1 905 -10% 100 1 395 1 495 CEPS 110 3 055 3 165 1 670 112% 495 495 Emergency 690 690 195 39% 610 610 Fire brigade safety control room 190 190 - 420 -69% 1 265 3 095 4 360 Fire safety projects 1 215 2 555 3 770 - 590 -14% 55 170 225 HLD Instrumentation upgrade 55 130 185 - 40 -18% 1 850 5 790 7 640 Radioactive waste management 1 630 3 545 5 175 -2 465 -32% 1 240 2 130 3 370 Ramses II light 1 095 1 655 2 750 - 620 -18% 335 335 Other safety projects 700 700 365 109% 2 815 18 485 21 300 Site facilities 2 465 23 140 25 605 4 305 20% 40 1 480 1 520 Building 107 (surface treatment) -1 520 -100% 65 65 Building 311 (magnetic measurements) - 65 -100% 70 580 650 Building 38 (hotel renovation) 70 2 855 2 925 2 275 350% 105 1 125 1 230 Building 599 (material science) relocation 10 10 -1 220 -99% 10 10 Building 774 (Prévessin main building) 50 50 40 400% 50 60 110 Building 937 (offices & laboratories in Prévessin) 5 1 190 1 195 1 085 986% 5 220 225 Consolidation works for the hotels 5 410 415 190 84% 600 600 Cooling tower Point 18 - 600 -100% 305 305 Flexible storage building Prévessin - 305 -100% 40 40 Globe car park and "Esplanade des Particules" - 40 -100% Library reading room 505 505 505 120 120 Renovation Globe of Science and Innovation - 120 -100% 400 400 Science Gateway interfaces 4 490 4 490 4 090 1023% 110 1 315 1 425 Security improvement measures 75 1 630 1 705 280 20% 2 435 12 165 14 600 Infrastructure and Surface and technical infrastructure consolidation (roofs, facades, heating, etc.) 2 300 12 010 14 310 - 290 -2% 45 2 190 2 235 services Technical infrastructure 50 1 935 1 985 - 250 -11% 45 230 275 Included in Figure 5 CAD upgrade 50 255 305 30 11% 1 010 1 010 Investment in new mechanical technologies 1 110 1 110 100 10% 900 900 Replacement of water-cooled cables 380 380 - 520 -58% Smarteam replacement 160 160 160 50 50 Other infrastructure projects 30 30 - 20 -40% 2 205 5 675 7 880 Informatics and computing infrastructure 1 340 6 130 7 470 - 410 -5% 2 810 2 810 Computing network consolidation 3 230 3 230 420 15% IT HPC clusters 330 330 330 620 1 850 2 470 Microsoft transition 700 1 735 2 435 - 35 -1% NXCALS hosting consolidation and upgrades 300 300 300 1 585 1 015 2 600 Openlab 640 535 1 175 -1 425 -55% 195 195 Administration 245 245 50 26% 95 95 FAP projects 115 115 20 21% 55 55 HR projects - 55 -100% 45 45 Risk management 130 130 85 189% 955 9 600 10 555 External relations 1 030 23 940 24 970 14 415 137% 45 45 Alumni - 45 -100% 60 190 250 High School Students Internship Programme 60 210 270 20 8% 95 245 340 IdeaSquare building - 340 -100% 85 85 MEDICIS - 85 -100% 2 245 2 245 Open Days 2019 -2 245 -100% 610 6 460 7 070 Science Gateway 775 23 630 24 405 17 335 245% 20 20 Visit point - 20 -100% 190 310 500 Other outreach projects 195 100 295 - 205 -41% 1 550 1 080 2 630 EU projects 1 130 735 1 865 - 765 -29% 340 1 270 1 610 KT projects 175 295 470 -1 140 -71%
46 Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024
Figure 14 (3/3): Expenses – Details of projects included in the activity headings
(in kCHF, rounded off)
Revised 2019 Budget 2020 Draft Budget Variations of 2020 Draft Budget with (2019 prices) (2019 prices) respect to Revised 2019 Budget Programme Project (a) (b) (c) = (b)-(a) (d) = (c)/(a) Personnel Materials Total Personnel Materials Total kCHF % 133 410 185 935 319 345 Sub-total Scientific projects 122 285 173 680 295 965 -23 380 -7% 27 740 33 830 61 570 LHC Injectors Upgrade 21 950 10 595 32 545 -29 025 -47% 43 735 101 730 145 465 LHC luminosity upgrade project (HL-LHC) 42 855 107 680 150 535 5 070 3% 33 600 19 230 52 830 LHC detectors upgrades 29 275 19 365 48 640 -4 190 -8% 28 445 5 190 33 635 LHC detectors upgrade 28 750 13 945 42 695 9 060 27% 540 6 755 7 295 LHC host lab 525 1 765 2 290 -5 005 -69% R&D for HL-LHC detectors 4 615 3 515 8 130 -8 130 -100% SXA5 CMS building 3 770 3 770 3 655 3 655 - 115 -3% 14 855 11 525 26 380 Energy frontier studies 11 610 11 805 23 415 -2 965 -11% 7 125 4 485 11 610 CLIC 3 460 2 440 5 900 -5 710 -49% 7 730 7 040 14 770 Future Circular Collider study 8 150 9 365 17 515 2 745 19% 2 770 6 950 9 720 Accelerator technologies and R&D 2 345 6 565 8 910 - 810 -8% 1 600 2 285 3 885 Proton plasma wakefield acceleration (AWAKE) 1 220 1 770 2 990 - 895 -23% 135 180 315 Scientific projects Shape memory alloy rings as UHV connectors 140 145 285 - 30 -10% Included in Figure 6 SM18 extension for superconducting RF 520 520 - 520 -100% 1 035 3 390 4 425 Superconducting magnets R&D 985 2 865 3 850 - 575 -13% Superconducting RF infrastructure upgrade 575 575 1 785 1 785 1 210 210% 2 600 440 3 040 R&D for future detectors 9 405 2 685 12 090 9 050 298% Linear collider detector R&D 2 600 440 3 040 -3 040 -100% R&D for future detectors 9 405 2 685 12 090 12 090 4 365 7 345 11 710 Scientific diversity projects 2 500 11 365 13 865 2 155 18% 2 405 5 805 8 210 CERN Neutrino Platform 2 085 11 080 13 165 4 955 60% 1 580 1 265 2 845 Physics Beyond Colliders study 180 285 465 -2 380 -84% Upgrade of Building 180 test facility (FAIR) 380 275 655 235 235 - 420 -64% 3 275 4 355 7 630 EU projects 1 990 2 350 4 340 -3 290 -43% 470 530 1 000 KT projects 355 1 270 1 625 625 63% 197 930 393 915 591 845 Grand Total 175 640 355 825 531 465 -60 380 -10%
Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024 47
48 Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024
5. SUMMARY OF EXPENSES BY NATURE Figure 15: Materials expenses by nature (including interest and financial costs)
(in kCHF, rounded off)
Revised 2019 Budget 2020 Draft Budget Variation of 2020 Draft Budget with respect to
Nature Revised 2019 Budget (2019 prices) (2019 prices)
(a) (b) (b)/(a)
Materials expenses 654 015 614 480 -6.0% Goods, consumables and supplies 337 750 298 180 -11.7%
Electricity, heating gas and water 23 545 31 735 34.8% Industrial services 166 825 160 670 -3.7% Service contracts ¹ From 2018 this heading includes 160 515 154 360 -3.8%
administrative fees paid to home institutes of Temporary labour 6 310 6 310 project associates. Previously, those fees were recorded under various materials lines Associated members of the personnel¹ 52 750 50 750 -3.8% and not under a dedicated one. Other overheads 73 145 73 145
² Including insurances, postal and telephone Consultancy 17 590 17 590
charges, library, training, shipping, bank Contributions to collaborations 10 110 10 110 charges, depreciation of current assets. Miscellaneous² 45 445 45 445
Interest and financial costs 10 025 9 060 -9.6%
Fortis bank 7 345 6 440 -12.3% ³ Theoretical interest at market rate for FIPOI 1, 2 and 3 loans of 0%. This heading is In-kind (FIPOI interest 0%)³ 1 680 1 620 -3.6%
compensated by the corresponding revenue Other financial expenses 1 000 1 000 line "Other revenues / In-kind". TOTAL MATERIALS 664 040 623 540 -6.1%
Comments on Figure 15:
The headings for industrial services and associated members of the electricity, heating gas and water heading is due to higher personnel are higher in 2019 than in 2020 as many long shutdown consumption of electricity resulting from the restart of the accelerator activities will finish in the summer of 2020. The 2020 increase in complex.
Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024 49
Figure 16: Breakdown of materials expenses by nature
Materials expenses: 98.5%
Interest and financial costs: 1.5%
* Total of industrial services: 24.8% + 1% = 25.8%.
** Including insurances and postal charges, consultancy, CERN contributions to collaborations, shipping, bank charges, depreciation of current assets.
50 Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024
Figure 17: Personnel expenses by nature Overall complement: The 2020 personnel budget covers 2612.6 FTEs staff (2536.3 FTEs on CERN’s core budget, 7.5 FTEs on EU projects, 1.4 FTE on KT, 8 FTEs paid by external parties and 59.4 FTEs paid from team accounts) and 527.8 FTEs fellows (484.2 FTEs on CERN’s core budget, 21.3 FTEs on EU projects, 3.5 FTE on KT, 4.3 FTEs paid by external parties and 14.5 FTEs paid from team accounts).
(in kCHF, rounded off)
Revised 2019 Budget 2020 Draft Budget Variation of 2020 Draft Budget with Nature respect to Revised 2019 Budget (2019 prices) (2019 prices) (a) (b) (b)/(a) ¹ Staff members 525 585 524 770 -0.2% Basic salaries (incl Saved Leave) 340 620 340 565 0.0%
Basic salaries 342 330 342 415
Performance payment (non-pensionable) 4 430 4 360
Contribution to Saved Leave schemes -6 140 -6 210 Allowances 66 820 66 030 -1.2% Non-resident allowances / International indemnities 19 930 19 660 Family and child allowances 26 335 25 965 Special allowances 2 720 2 680 Overtime 2 230 2 190
Various allowances 15 605 15 535 Social contributions 118 145 118 175 0.0% Pension Fund 90 945 90 970 Health Insurance 27 200 27 205
Fellows² 82 245 58 585 -28.8%
Apprentices 80 -100.0%
Centralised personnel budget 71 555 71 500 -0.1% Centralised personnel expenses 36 355 36 335 -0.1% Installation, recruitment and termination of contracts 4 835 4 830 -0.1% Installation and removal costs 1 105 1 105 Termination allowances 3 730 3 725 Additional periods of membership in the Pension Fund for shift work Contribution to Health Insurance for pensioners incl. Long-term care 31 520 31 505 0.0% Contribution to Health Insurance for pensioners 28 605 28 590
Contribution to Long Term Care for pensioners 2 915 2 915
Internal taxation 35 200 35 165 -0.1% TOTAL PERSONNEL 679 465 654 855 -3.6% 1 Including staff paid from team accounts (10.6 MCHF in 2019 and 9.8 MCHF in 2020). 2 Including fellows paid from team accounts (3.5 MCHF in 2019 and 1.6 MCHF in 2020).
Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024 51
Comments on Figure 17:
The total CERN Personnel Budget for 2020 amounts to 655 MCHF. Additional fellowship funding will be made available in the course of This includes 11.4 MCHF for staff and fellows paid from team 2019 and 2020 from materials to personnel budget transfers in the accounts. context of the GET fellows programme and the Technical Trainees programme. The budget for 2020 staff members totals 525 MCHF, in line with the 2019 budget. As of August 2016, apprentices are part of the associate members of the personnel (materials expenses); however the apprentices who The allowances heading for 2020 is slightly decreased compared to had a contract before that date remain employed member of the 2019 due to the downward trend for the non-resident allowances / personnel during their internship, so that the apprentices heading international indemnities. The increase in social contributions is under personnel has gradually decreased until 2019. linked to the number of staff members. The percentage contribution to the CERN Health Insurance Scheme (CHIS) is stable since 2016, The centralised personnel expenses total 36.3 MCHF. after yearly increases as of 2011. Internal taxation is expected to amount to 35.2 MCHF and is compensated by an equivalent line in the revenues.
Figure 18: Breakdown of personnel expenses by nature
Staff members: 80.2%
Fellows and apprentices: 8.9%
Centralised personnel budget: 10.9%
52 Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024
Energy and water Figure 19: Expenses – Energy and water
(in MCHF, rounded off)
Revised 2019 Budget 2020 Draft Budget Variation of 2020 Draft Budget with respect to Revised 2019 Nature Budget (2019 prices) (2019 prices) (a) (b) (b)/(a) Energy and water (baseload) 11.54 11.27 -2.4% Electricity 4.54 4.27 -6.0% Heating oil and gas 3.60 3.60 Water and waste water 3.40 3.40 Energy for basic programmes 12.00 20.46 70.5% Experimental areas¹ 2.80 4.74 69.4% CERN Data Center 1.47 1.42 -3.3% Accelerators 1.73 6.07 251.5% AD 0.11 0.39 252.0% PS 0.51 1.82 254.2% SPS 1.10 3.86 250.2% LHC 6.01 8.24 37.1% TOTAL ENERGY 23.55 31.74 34.8%
¹ This covers most of the experiments: LHC experiments, including test beams into East, West and North Areas, plus PS and SPS fixed target experiments and ISOLDE.
Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024 53
6. FINANCIAL POSITION OF THE ORGANIZATION Statement of cash flow Figure 20: Estimated statement of Cash Flow for Financial Years 2019 and 2020
2019 2020 (in MCHF, rounded off, estimated as at 03/06/2019) (2019 prices) (2019 prices)
(A) START OF THE YEAR 0 0 0 0 0 0 Liquid assets brought forward 0 0 101 * 0 0 Outstanding short-term loans 0 0 0 * 0 (1) CASH INFLOW 0 0 0 1 375 1 358 0 Contributions 0 0 1 161 1 174 0 Teams and collaborations 0 0 120 120
0 EU, KT, other revenues 0 0 94 65 (2) CASH OUTFLOW 0 0 0 1 476 1 409 0 Payments 0 0 1 260 1 193 0 Teams and collaborations 0 0 120 120 0 Interest, bank and financial expenses 0 0 8 8 0 Capital repayment Fortis and FIPOI 0 0 28 29 0 Recapitalisation of the Pension Fund 0 0 60 60 (3) VARIATION OF CASH POSITION 0 0 -101 -50 (B) END OF THE YEAR 0 0 0 0 0 0 Estimated liquid assets 0 0 0 -50
0 Estimated outstanding short-term loans 0 0 0 50
* For 2020, it is an estimated amount.
Comments on Figure 20: The statement of Cash Flow is an estimate based on the assumption be required in 2019. Depending on the progress on the long that Member States’ contributions will be paid by the expected shutdown activities, some short term loans might be needed toward instalment dates. Under these assumptions, no short-term loans will the end of 2020.
54 Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024
Short-term bank loans and overdrafts Loan from BNP Paribas Fortis bank
No short-term bank loans and overdrafts are expected in 2019, The outstanding amount to BNP Paribas Fortis Bank amounts to provided that Member States’ contributions are settled on the 196.1 MCHF at the end of 2019 and will reduce to 168.7 MCHF by scheduled instalment dates and by the end of the year at the latest. the end of 2020. The loan will be fully reimbursed by the end of June Depending on the progress on the long shutdown activities, some 2026. cash shortfalls cannot be ruled out toward the end of 2020, but this Loan from FIPOI situation can be handled within the normal treasury of the Organization. The FIPOI loans are interest free. The capital repayment for the existing three FIPOI loans amounts to 1.1 MCHF per year; the financial benefit is accounted for as in-kind.
Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024 55
IV. APPENDICES
56 Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024
1. DETAILS OF ACTIVITIES AND PROJECTS (FACT SHEETS) Accelerator programme 1. LHC machine
Reliable operation of the LHC at 13 TeV centre-of-mass energy proton-proton collider. Goal Reliable operation of the LHC to collide Pb82+ ions and to provide proton Pb82+ collisions at an equivalent proton energy of 13 TeV. This heading also includes the continuing studies to improve the performance of the LHC complex. Approval 1996 Start date R&D 1990, Construction 1998 Total costs of the consolidation programme and of the continuing studies to improve the performance of the LHC are under continuous evaluation. The consolidation heading for LHC reliability is of a non-recurrent nature but on-going without an end date since it is Costs comprised of many smaller-scale items necessary for reliable LHC operation. Collimation: the material cost to completion of the Collimation project including M to P transfers, CERN funding, is 27.1 MCHF. R2E: the material cost to completion of the R2E project including M to P transfers, CERN funding, is 77.0 MCHF up to 2025. Running conditions During 2019 and 2020, the accelerator complex enters into Long Shutdown 2 for maintenance and upgrade activities. Competitiveness Highest centre-of-mass energy collisions worldwide. Organisation Technical management via a specific committee structure. Overall organisation under the Directorate for Accelerators and Technology. Operational risks are scrutinised by internal review committees (LHC Machine Committee, LHC performance workshop) that make sure that technical challenges are met and decide about corrective measures wherever needed. These committees are advised by the LHC-CSAP (Complex Safety Advisory Panel) for safety matters. During Long Shutdowns, risks in matters of safety and schedule are scrutinised by the Long Shutdown Coordination Committee. Risks Whenever new insights in risks are obtained, due to ageing of the LHC and the technical infrastructure components, priorities of the consolidation programme are shifted and the items with the highest priority will have budget allocated to ensure reliability of the machine and availability of spare components. In complement, external review committees (CERN Machine Advisory Committee and LHCC, regular LIU and HL-LHC Cost and Schedule Reviews) monitor progress of the LHC and the experiments and make sure technical challenges are met. They provide advice in case of difficulties. 2020 is the second and final year of Long Shutdown 2. The year will be dedicated to completing the major installation and planned corrective and preventive maintenance activities to ensure high availability and reliability levels of the machine during Run 3 due to 2020 targets start early in 2021. These activities include: The completion of the DISMAC project to consolidate the electrical insulation of the dipole diode bus-bars; The replacement of around 20 cryo-magnets and treatment of non-conformities;
Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024 57
1. LHC machine (cont.)
The installation of new collimators with 11T dipole magnets in the cold region of LHC-P7, as well as new collimators with connection cryostats at LHC-P2; The installation of several low-impedance secondary collimators in IR7; The consolidation of the beam dumps following issues in Run 2; 2020 targets Extensive interventions will take place on the key distributed systems: vacuum, beam instrumentation, power converters; Other major consolidation and maintenance work on infrastructure systems such as the cooling and ventilation, cryogenic and electrical distribution, as a result of risk analysis of individual systems. All consolidation activities should be finished by mid-2020 when LHC cool-down and hardware commissioning will take place in preparation for first beam in Q2 2021. In line with the European Strategy, full exploitation of the physics potential of the LHC will carry on with a collision energy at 14 TeV after Long Shutdown 2 .The long-term luminosity goal is 300 fb-1 delivered to ATLAS and CMS before LS3. Continuation of the heavy ion programme as defined by the Physics committees, i.e. a total of 3 ion runs during Run 2, 3 during Run 3 Future prospects and 3 during Run 4. & longer term Continuous efforts to increase the reliability, availability and performance of the machine: an outlined planned consolidation programme up to LS3 now exists and will continuously be refined on an annual basis based on a risk analysis. The R2E project is a continuous programme with the final goal to limit the number of dumps due to single event upset (SEU), and increase the lifetime of control electronics installed in radiation environment. Specific Health & Safety issues As during LS1, safety is a priority for LS2. RP will plan and survey all operations carried out during LS2 following the ALARA principle. Outreach The LHC is highly visible in the press and public domain.
Personnel Personnel Materials Total Comments CERN budget for (FTE) (kCHF) (kCHF) (kCHF) 2020 391.1 66 035 92 005 158 040
58 Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024
2. SPS complex
This heading comprises the facilities forming the SPS complex. Included is the SPS accelerator, which provides a range of beams to Goal the SPS fixed-target experiments and test beams (HiRadMat and North Area). SPS is also the main injector for the LHC. The goal is to deliver the requested intensities for the experiments and provide beam to the LHC upon request. The consolidation heading for injectors, experimental areas and infrastructure systems is of a non-recurrent nature and is an on-going Costs activity since it is comprised of several smaller-scale items. For that reason, there is no cost to completion but a foreseen funding level. Running conditions During 2019 and 2020, the accelerator complex enters into Long Shutdown 2 for maintenance and upgrade activities. Competitiveness The CERN accelerator complex represents a unique facility over a range of particle types and energies. Organisation There is a specific organisation of each facility with CERN being in charge of the resources and technical operation. Overall organisation under the Directorate for Accelerators and Technology. Operational risks are scrutinised by internal review committees (LHC Injector and Experimental Facilities Committee, LHC performance workshop) that make sure that technical challenges are met and decide about corrective measures wherever needed. These committees are advised by the SPS-CSAP (Complex Safety Advisory Panel) for safety matters. During Long Shutdowns, risks in matters of safety and schedule are scrutinised by the Long Shutdown Coordination Committee. Whenever new insights in risks are obtained, due to ageing of the injectors and their technical infrastructure components, priorities of Risks the consolidation programme are shifted and the items with the highest priority will have budget allocated to ensure reliability and safety (e.g. the SPS Fire Safety project) of the machine and availability of spare components. In complement, external review committees (CERN Machine Advisory Committee, regular LIU and HL-LHC Cost and Schedule Reviews and systematic Cost and Schedule Reviews of specific large consolidation projects) monitor progress of the injectors and make sure technical challenges are met. They provide advice in case of difficulties. In addition to the accelerators themselves, risks to the experimental programme exist due to the state of the beam line equipment and infrastructure systems. When the level of risk is high, renovation projects are implemented as mitigation measure. In 2020, the Long Shutdown 2 will come to an end with the major interventions completed by August. This will be followed by an extended period of system tests and hardware commissioning in time for first injection of beam by the end of the year. Among these interventions, major initiatives under the auspices of LIU will continue as well as extensive consolidation of all major systems. About 30 consolidation activities are foreseen, some major items from which are outlined below. The activities for 2020 include: 2020 targets The power upgrade of the SPS RF system and complete renewal of the Low-Level RF controls (LIU – see Fact Sheet 21); The major upgrade the high voltage switches, and the rolling replacement of thyratron tubes; The installation of a new beam-dump system in LSS5 (LIU – see Fact Sheet 21); The consolidation of the ventilation systems of the SPS surface buildings, the cooling plants of the to-be-upgraded RF system, and the discharge water system; The renovation of control & DC cables; and the replacement of radiation damaged cables in some areas of the machine;
Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024 59
2. SPS complex (cont.)
The start of a programme to replace the high-voltage power supplies for the SPS RF, and the upgrade of one of the SPS’s ageing Static VAR compensator installations (BEQ1); And wide-ranging consolidation activities for kicker and septa magnets, as well as in vacuum and beam instrumentation domains. 2020 targets A dedicated SPS fire safety project is addressing tunnel compartmentalisation, detection, sprinklers, and extended dry risers (SPS Fire Safety – see Fact Sheet 14). All these activities should be finished by August 2020 when individual system tests commence in preparation for recommissioning with beam which is due to start in the New Year of 2021. Future prospects & In the North Area, a minimum consolidation effort for the most urgent items will continue. longer term Specific Health & Safety issues As during LS1, safety is a priority for LS2. RP will plan and survey all operations carried out during LS2 following the ALARA principle.
Personnel Personnel Materials Total Comments CERN budget for (FTE) (kCHF) (kCHF) (kCHF) 2020 102.2 17 970 24 190 42 160
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3. PS complex
This heading comprises the facilities forming the PS complex. Included are Linac 2, Linac 4, PS Booster, PS and AD. These machines provide a range of beams to several experimental facilities including ISOLDE, n_TOF, AD, and the PS fixed-target experiments and test beams (East Area). Linac 2, PS Booster, PS and SPS also form the main injector chain for the LHC. Concerning the PS complex, Goal the goal is to deliver the requested intensities for the PS-complex experiments and provide beam to the SPS and LHC programme upon request. Included here are also the specific injector machines for the SPS and LHC heavy-ion programme (Linac 3 and LEIR). The implementation of the East Area renovation project will take place from 2018 and during LS2 in order to improve the operating conditions (safety, reliability and energy consumption) as from 2021. The consolidation heading for injectors, experimental areas and infrastructure systems is of a non-recurrent nature and is an on-going activity since it is comprised of several smaller-scale items. For that reason, there is no cost to completion but a foreseen funding Costs level. The cost to completion of the East Area renovation project including M to P transfers is 25.3 MCHF based on a Cost and Schedule Review conducted in April 2018 and on the MTP 2019 arbitration. Running During 2019 and 2020, the accelerator complex enters into Long Shutdown 2 for maintenance and upgrade activities. conditions The East Area enters during LS2 into its renovation phase. The CERN accelerator complex represents a unique facility over a range of particle types and energies. Competitiveness East Area: Hosting the CLOUD experiment, unique test facilities (IRRAD, CHARM) and providing a dense test beam programme for LHC experiments, detector R&D. For training and outreach, it also provides the annual “Beamline For Schools” organisation. There is a specific organisation of each facility with CERN being in charge of the resources and technical operation. Overall Organisation organisation under the Directorate for Accelerators and Technology. East Area renovation: project management via an approved management structure with regular reports to the IEFC (Injectors and Experimental Facilities Committee) and LS2 Committee under the Directorate for Accelerators and Technologies. Operational risks are scrutinised by internal review committees (LHC Injector and Experimental Facilities Committee, LHC performance workshop) that make sure that technical challenges are met and decide about corrective measures wherever needed. These committees are advised by the PS-CSAP (Complex Safety Advisory Panel) for safety matters. During Long Shutdowns, risks in matters of safety and schedule are scrutinised by the Long Shutdown Coordination Committee. Whenever new insights in risks are obtained, due to ageing of the injectors and their technical infrastructure components, priorities of Risks the consolidation programme are shifted and the items with the highest priority will have budget allocated to ensure reliability of the machine and availability of spare components. In complement, external review committees (CERN Machine Advisory Committee, regular LIU and HL-LHC Cost and Schedule Reviews and systematic Cost and Schedule Reviews of specific large consolidation projects) monitor progress of the injectors and make sure technical challenges are met. They provide advice in case of difficulties. In addition to the accelerators themselves, risks to the experimental programme exist due to the state of the beam line equipment and infrastructure systems. When the level of risk is high, renovation projects are implemented as mitigation measure, e.g. the East Area renovation project.
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3. PS complex (cont.)
The main risks for the East Area renovation project are of cost and schedule nature. The budget is under continuous scrutiny to ensure that requirements of the renovation match with the budget allocation. This scrutiny is achieved during annual Cost and Schedule Risks Reviews, which results are reported directly to the Director for Accelerators and Technology and to the ATSMB (Accelerator and Technology Management Board).The implementation schedule in order to ensure timely operation after LS2 is tight, considering potential lack of availability of people (and CERN services) and other competing programmes during the LS2 period 2019-2020. 2020 sees the completion of the Long shutdown 2 and the progressive recommissioning of the complex. The major activities of the shutdown are related to the LIU project and touch almost every system. In addition, significant consolidation and maintenance will take place on many infrastructure and machine systems in preparation for reliable operation during Run 3. Specific shutdown and consolidation activities in the individual machines of the complex include: Linac 3: Consolidation of some power systems and replacement of the Low-Level and High-Level RF control systems; Linac 4: Consolidation of items identified during the reliability runs; PS: Consolidation of over 50 Main Magnet Units to complete the programme and continuation of the implementation of the critical B-train system, deployment of standard interlock system for the warm magnets, renewal of the resonant charging power supplies, upgrade of the RF power system controls and continuation of the rolling upgrade programme on PS cavities; The upgrade programme on the power converters of the TT2 and n_TOF transfer lines will be executed, as the renewal of capacitor discharge power converters for the PS extraction and upgrades of converter controls; PS technical infrastructure: consolidation of the central building, magnet cooling, chilled water and warm water piping, similar works for the PSB cooling and ventilation; Consolidation of the high voltage network in Meyrin, controls, and DC cables in the PS; 2020 targets Civil engineering will tackle asbestos remediation and false floor consolidation in a number of areas; n_TOF: Replacement of the n_TOF target; AD/ELENA: The major activity for LS2 concerns the connection of the existing AD experiments to ELENA via new electrostatic transfer lines. A programme is in place to improve the AD electron cooler performance for Run 3. Meanwhile consolidation of the AD ring magnets continues. A major consolidation of the AD target area will also be completed. Finally, the commissioning of the new transfer lines using H- ion beams from the dedicated source will be carried out before the end of LS2; East Area renovation: Progress on the beam line installation and associated infrastructure. These activities include the installation of machine-related equipment such as laminated magnets, power converters and beam intercepting devices, the extension of the CLOUD experimental area according to a new optimised layout, as well as the implementation of a new primary area ventilation and a new dump system to respect today’s norms for radioprotection. Major consolidation and maintenance works on infrastructure systems such as the cooling and ventilation and electrical distribution systems will also be done; Isolde: Consolidation of the front-end systems and Resonance Ionization Laser Ion Source (RILIS); HIE-Isolde: Removal of one cryo-module and refurbishment in the SM18 clean room before re-installation in the machine. The machines will be progressively restarted during the year with priority given to re-establishing the pre-LS2 performance. Future prospects & The on-going AD consolidation programme (target area and machine) will be completed during LS2. A three-year consolidation programme is being implemented for the East Area in order to ensure long-term operation. longer term
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3. PS complex (cont.)
Specific Health & Safety issues As during LS1, safety is a priority for LS2. RP will plan and survey all operations carried out during LS2 following the ALARA principle.
Personnel Personnel Materials Total Comments CERN budget for (FTE) (kCHF) (kCHF) (kCHF) 2020 196.6 36 345 38 375 74 720
Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024 63
4. Accelerator support
This heading includes the following activities: Accelerator engineering: cryogenic fluids for non-LHC experiments, cryolab operation, polymer laboratory operation, magnetic measurements, vacuum infrastructure operation, as well as the SM18 infrastructure upgrade project; Activities Controls and operation: hardware, software, interlocks; Accelerator general services: general technical and administrative support for accelerators, accelerator planning and safety support, Fluka simulations, survey, quality control; Special technologies: vacuum special technologies and thin film coating. Risks to accelerator services are mitigated by the consolidation of technical infrastructure. Consolidation in general implies the progressive replacement of ageing components or consolidation of engineering facilities (e.g. main workshop machines or Risk refurbishment of laboratories ), or, when required, is complemented by projects to upgrade and extend the capabilities of existing infrastructure, such as the testing of magnets and cavities in building SM18, the polymer laboratory or the magnetic measurement building. Accelerator Engineering: In SM18 the magnet testing capabilities will be enhanced with the finalised upgrade of clusters A and F in order to test the MQXF type magnets for HL-LHC and clusters B and E for the D2 prototype. Regarding RF cavities testing, the construction of the extension to the building to cope with the HL-LHC crab cavity activity will be completed together with the continued consolidation of the SC-RF infrastructure; The coating laboratory (Building 101) capabilities will also be improved to respond to an increased demand for coating by diversifying the offer of characterisation techniques (spectroscopy tools for the system measuring secondary electron yield at cold) and replacement of a 30-year old X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy machine (to analyse surfaces for diagnostics of the 2020 targets entire accelerator complex and to ensure quality control of all the coatings); Controls and operation: Major deployment of new hardware and software for both the industrial and the machine control systems will take place. For the industrial controls this includes the deployment of new PLC hardware throughout the complex and the upgrade of many SCADA systems following the needs of the upgrades foreseen in the various systems. For the machine controls there will be a significant deployment of new and upgraded front-ends to match the new and consolidated installations as well as a major release of new controls software infrastructure; Accelerator general services are mainly supporting LS2 work, ensuring that safety and planning requirements are duly taken into account by the general coordination of works, particularly by means of the new safety coordination contracts that are in place. The support includes also the survey of components of accelerators during LS2 and their re-adjustment if required for machine performance. Future The support to CERN projects for the design and construction of accelerator equipment and prototypes will continue and be adapted prospects & to the requirements of LIU/HL-LHC. Continue to provide the required resources and tools to guarantee the highest level of safety and availability of the technical longer term infrastructure.
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4. Accelerator support (cont.)
Personnel Personnel Materials Total Comments CERN budget for (FTE) (kCHF) (kCHF) (kCHF) 2020 149.3 31 040 14 160 45 200
Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024 65
Experiments and research programme 5. ATLAS
Goal Verify the Standard Model and search for new physics. Approval 31 January 1996 Start date 1998 Costs Total CERN share of materials for construction of the current ATLAS experiment: 128.8 MCHF. Total personnel and materials (CERN share, project, tests and operation until 2008 incl.): 509.2 MCHF. Running Runs up to and above full design luminosity for pp collision data. Expected to take data with luminosity up to levelling limit of around conditions 2 x 1034 cm-2s-1 (depending on the number of bunches). In addition, takes heavy ion collision data up to highest possible luminosities. ATLAS is a general-purpose detector running at the high energy frontier. As such, it is competitive with CMS, and other LHC Competitiveness experiments, but also with other types of experiments. For example, dark matter limits are competitive with and complementary to direct and indirect searches. A total of 177 institutions from 38 countries with about 3000 authors with PhD (or equivalent), students included. Governing body: Collaboration Board (one representative per member institution) and chair. Executive bodies: Management: spokesperson and two deputies, technical coordinator, resource coordinator and upgrade Organisation coordinator. Executive Board chaired by the spokesperson. Subsystem projects led by project leaders. Physics Working Groups with two co-conveners per working group. Interface with CERN through a dedicated CERN team. Current ATLAS spokesperson and technical coordinator confirmed and deputy spokespersons, resource coordinator, and upgrade coordinator selected in March 2019. No major managerial, technical and financial risks identified. General risk related to the operation of a very complex detector system Risks including many different detector technologies. Examples are loss of humidity control in Tracker volume, water coolant leaks into the detector, precocious radiation damage, fire, etc. A succession plan is required for technical teams in order to ensure the expertise needed to maintain and run the detector during its lifetime. Targets for 2020, the second year of Long Shutdown LS2, span the following main activities: completion of the Run 2 physics analyses, installation of the remaining Phase I upgrades, maintenance of the detectors and consolidation of the infrastructure, preparations for Run 3, as well as preparations and start of the Phase II upgrades for Run 4, the HL-LHC. During LS2, for the final publications of the Run 2 physics results, calibrations and reconstruction software will be optimised and applied to all available data sets. A uniform quality will allow to reach optimal precision for measurements and highest sensitivities for new particle searches. For the Phase I 2020 targets upgrades in 2020 at least one of the two new Small Wheels of the muon system shall be finalised, the second close to completion. For the upgrade of the Liquid Argon Calorimeter, which aims at improving the Level-1 calorimeter decision for Run 3 and beyond, the electronics will be installed. To make full use of the improved trigger capabilities, the Phase I TDAQ upgrades will install new electronics systems. In 2020 the ongoing work on the ATLAS sub-detector maintenances will conclude, here the main issues are repairs of the TRT cooling loops and preparations of its active gas system for a change of the active gas mixture, as well as installation of additional muon chambers to enhance coverage in gap regions. Another major part of maintenance and consolidation are
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5. ATLAS (cont.)
installations of new computers and software upgrades as for the Detector Control System. Consolidation of the ATLAS infrastructure is foreseen for cooling and electrical systems as well as for beam shielding in view of the HL-LHC. During 2020 a series of milestone 2020 targets weeks is planned to rehearse for a quick start of all systems for data taking in 2021. Preparations for the Run 3 software are also ongoing, a key issue is to allow the reconstruction to operate on multi-core systems (multi-threading). During 2020, preparations for the Phase II upgrade projects, ITk, Calorimeters, Trigger/DAQ, Muon system, HGTD, software, will be in full swing and a number of market surveys and orders will have to be carried out. Complete the Phase I upgrade projects to be installed in LS2, and prepare for Run 3. Given the luminosity expected by the machine the detailed properties of the Higgs boson will be further studied. Searches for supersymmetry will continue, with possible discoveries Future up to masses of 2 TeV and beyond, and carriers of new physics up to masses of 2–4 TeV and beyond. Extend precision on other prospects & Standard Model parameters such as W/Z boson and top quark properties. longer term Continue to plan the Phase II upgrade and a continuation of the LHC operation with higher luminosity after LS3. With all major Phase II TDRs completed, move gradually from R&D to pre-production, followed by construction, integration and commissioning of the new detectors. Outreach Organised by the Collaboration and documented in the ATLAS communication plan. Linking regularly with CERN outreach efforts. Infrastructure in the experimental area. Strong contribution towards the technical coordination of the experiment including the CERN subsystem installation. Providing Tier-0 centre as well as some analysis capability. Important contributions to all sub-systems of the contribution operating detector and to subsystems for the Phase I (6 MCHF CORE plus non-CORE) and Phase II upgrades. A total of 128 MCHF was spent for the current ATLAS detector, financial contributions to Phase II need to be defined. At present, a total 78 staff, 52 fellows, 17 doctoral and technical students and 29 associates (staff 72.4 FTE equivalents). Very important contribution to the physics results.
Personnel Personnel Materials Total Comments CERN budget for (FTE) (kCHF) (kCHF) (kCHF) 2020 69.7 14 005 2 785 16 790 Of which M&O: 1.1 MCHF
Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024 67
6. CMS
Goal Verify the Standard Model and search for new physics. Approval 29 April 1998 Start date 1998 Costs Cost to completion (CERN share of materials): 127.8 MCHF. Total personnel and materials (CERN share, project, tests and operation until 2008 incl.): 488 MCHF. Running Runs up to, and above, full design luminosity for pp collision data. Expected to take data with luminosity up to levelling limit of around conditions 2 x 1034 cm-2s-1 (depending on the number of bunches). In addition, takes heavy ion collision data up to highest possible luminosities. CMS is a general purpose detector running at the high energy frontier. As such, it is competitive with ATLAS, and other LHC Competitiveness experiments, but also with other types of experiments. For example, dark matter limits are competitive with and complementary to direct and indirect searches. A total of 172 institutes finance the CMS experiment, funded by 47 funding agencies from 50 countries with 2292 signing scientists with PhD (or equivalent). Organisation Governing body: Collaboration Board (one representative per member institution) chaired by an elected chairperson (2-year mandate). Executive bodies: Management Board, Executive Board, Finance Board. Spokesperson (2-year mandate), technical coordinator, resources manager, system managers. Interface with CERN through a dedicated CERN team. No major managerial and financial risks identified. There is no concern with obtaining the remaining funds for the Phase I upgrade. Technical: Risks include loss of humidity control in the Tracker volume, leaks in the detector and other general risks related to the operation of a very complex detector system including many different detector technologies. Examples are water coolant leaks into Risks the detector, precocious radiation damage, fire etc. Risk of damage to the Magnet such as delamination of the magnet coil structure. A succession plan is required for technical teams in order to ensure the expertise needed to maintain and run the detector during its lifetime. This should be implemented already during LS2, which will serve as a training opportunity for personnel assuming these functions in the future. By the end of 2020 CMS should be ready to be closed for Run 3, this comprises the upgrade of the HB RBX (marking the end of the CMS Phase I upgrades), the Phase II upgrades of the ME1/X Muon chambers, the installation of the GE1/1 Muon chambers and the installation of the Pixel detector with a rebuilt first layer. The extension of the large surface hall SXA5 should be completed and ready for use to enable preparing LS3 in due time. 2020 targets On the data analysis side: reconstruction of the 2018 data and related Monte Carlo simulation will be completed and several papers utilising the full data set of Run 2 are in the publication pipeline. Major effort is also being put into having a ‘legacy’ dataset which will include all the 13 TeV data on the same level and allow analysis to use in a consistent way the whole Run 2 dataset with the final alignment and calibration constants. At the same time the physics analysis groups will be preparing for Run 3 where beam conditions, and in particular the pile-up, will have a different profile than what has been dealt with so far. Enhanced detector and trigger capabilities, for example the longitudinally segmented read-out of the hadron calorimeter, will be explored.
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6. CMS (cont.)
Future Complete Phase I upgrades by the end of LS2, continue the R&D effort and launch the infrastructure preparations for the Phase II prospects & upgrade. The year 2020-2021 will see completion of R&D and prototyping of some of the Phase II upgrades in many countries linked to the collaboration and the start of production for part of the detector upgrades. In LS2 complete most infrastructure preparations for longer term the Phase II upgrade. Construction must take place in parallel with shutdown work and Run 3 operation. Outreach Organised by the Collaboration and regularly reported to the Collaboration Board for the activities financed by M&O-A. Linking regularly with CERN outreach efforts. Complete responsibility for the experiment infrastructure and common systems. Leading role in the DAQ, financially and technically. CERN Other very important contributions to ECAL, HGCal, Tracker, Muon Chambers and BRIL. Providing the CMS centre infrastructure and contribution Tier-0 facilities. Strong contribution to software tools and data analysis. Many CERN staff occupy top level managerial positions in CMS. Oversight of the technical work and resource utilisation throughout the duration of the CMS project to guarantee coherence and minimise risk.
Personnel Personnel Materials Total Comments CERN budget for (FTE) (kCHF) (kCHF) (kCHF) 2020 69.7 12 855 3 015 15 870 Of which M&O: 1 MCHF
Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024 69
7. LHCb
Goal Search for physics beyond the Standard Model in CP violation and rare decays of beauty and charm hadrons. Approval September 1998 Start date 1998 (construction) Costs Cost to completion (CERN share of materials): 20.5 MCHF. Total personnel and materials (CERN share, project, tests and operation until 2008 incl.): 121 MCHF. Running 32 -2 -1 33 -2 -1 conditions From a levelled luminosity of 4 x 10 cm s for Run 2, to a luminosity of 2 x 10 cm s starting in 2021.
Competitiveness Large number of beauty and charm hadrons produced by LHC compared to the existing facilities. Efficient inclusive heavy flavour trigger and hadron particle identification compared to the other LHC experiments. LHCb has submitted over 450 publications. A total of 79 institutes from 18 countries with 854 authors (PhD or equivalent), out of a total of 1320 participants (as of February 2019), students included. Organisation Governing body: Collaboration Board (one representative per member institute) and chair. Executive bodies: Management: spokesperson and deputy, technical coordinator, resource coordinator. Interface with CERN through a dedicated CERN team. Risks No major managerial and financial risks identified. Technical: no specific risks identified. General risk related to the construction of a very complex detector system including many different detector technologies. Finalise detector construction for the LHCb upgrade. Continue to use computing infrastructure for data analysis, while starting the implementation of the new structures and farms. Finalise all new needed infrastructure and logistic elements at the experimental site. 2020 targets Finish de-installation of obsolete detector components, whilst completing the installation, integration and commissioning of all upgraded components as planned during LS2. CERN is primarily involved with coordinating and managerial responsibilities in the VELO, RICH, UT and SciFi detectors. Continue R&D and further define objectives and methods for the HL-LHC phase. LHCb could be sensitive to new physics with the data samples collected in 2011-2012 and 2015-2018 in the areas of rare decays, Future and of CP violation in b or c hadron decays. A vigorous physics analysis and computing effort are foreseen to exploit all the prospects & experiment’s data. The upgraded detector will be installed and commissioned during LS2 to enable the LHCb experiment to operate longer term at 10 times the design luminosity, i.e. at about 2 x 1033 cm-2s-1, to collect a data sample of ~50 fb-1. Planning of goals and technologies are continuing, to define the HL-LHC phase. Outreach LHCb places a strong emphasis on communication to the general public as well as to specifically targeted interest groups, such as students, schools and journals. CERN CORE contribution 13.5 MCHF plus iron blocks for the muon filter. Total cash investment to the experiment 23.1 MCHF, which also contribution includes providing infrastructure and R&D. A total of 47 FTEs (staff plus fellows) paid by CERN.
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7. LHCb (cont.)
Personnel Personnel Materials Total Comments CERN budget for (FTE) (kCHF) (kCHF) (kCHF) 2020 44.2 9 155 1 315 10 470 Of which M&O: 0.59 MCHF
Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024 71
8. ALICE
Study of heavy ion collisions: measuring properties of strongly interacting matter at extreme energy densities where the formation of a quark-gluon plasma is expected. Study of proton-proton (pp) collisions: establishing reference data for the study of the quark-gluon Goal plasma and studying properties of pp collisions where ALICE has unique capabilities thanks to particle identification and low-pt acceptance. Study of pA collisions, fundamental to understand cold matter effects in heavy-ion collisions, but also to probe the nuclear structure at very high energy, accessing very low x values. Approval 1997 Start date 1998 Costs Cost to completion (CERN share of materials): 28.6 MCHF. Total personnel and materials (CERN share, project, tests and operation until 2008 incl.): 182.9 MCHF. Running conditions Dedicated heavy ion and proton-ion running and systematic pp running (levelled to low luminosity).
Competitiveness ALICE is the only general-purpose detector dedicated to heavy ion physics at the LHC. It covers in a single experiment all the main measurements and allows major improvements for most variables in comparison to the RHIC experiments. 176 institutes from 41 countries with 628 participants with PhD (or equivalent). Governing body: Collaboration Board with one representative each of the participating institutes, chaired by an elected chairperson. Organisation Executive bodies: Management Board: spokesperson plus two deputies, technical, resources, computing, upgrade and physics coordinators, project leaders, and elected members. Interface with CERN through a dedicated CERN team. No major managerial and financial risks identified. The reorganisation of the collaboration for the upgrades, and maintaining coherence Risks between analysis and the upgrade for Run 3 and 4, are challenges requiring organisational effort, but not major risks. Technical: no specific risks identified; general risk related to the operation of a very complex detector system including many different detector technologies. Four of the detectors upgraded during LS2 (TPC, MFT, ITS, FIT) will be reinstalled in the experimental cavern during the year. The 2020 targets commissioning of each detector independently with the new trigger and the O2 system will be pursued during the whole year and the global commissioning will start in October. The O2 processing farm, the network and the data storage will be procured and deployed in 2020. Future At the moment, ALICE is preparing a major upgrade of the detector and the computing system to be installed during LS2. In the years prospects & after LS2, ALICE foresees running again for one month per year with either PbPb or pPb collisions, at the higher rates, for at least six longer term years of data-taking, complemented by pp running. In the current LHC plan this programme extends to the 4th Long Shutdown LS4. Specific Health & Safety issues Nothing specific identified.
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8. ALICE (cont.)
Outreach Organised by the Collaboration, in collaboration with ALICE CERN Team. Effort to increase visibility of ALICE, and to guarantee the dissemination of correct information on the scientific results to the mass media. Overall scientific, technical and financial coordination, including safety. Experimental infrastructure and responsibility for installation and planning and execution of shutdown activities. CERN Participation in detector construction, maintenance and operation projects: ITS upgrade (project leader), TPC (field cage, electronics) contribution until the end of LS2, HMPID and Muon Arm (magnet). Participation in other systems: responsibility for the O2/FLP and O2/PDP projects, DCS, ALICE-LHC interface and infrastructure/installation, including test beam areas. Electronics coordination. Coordination of offline computing, including simulation and data processing. Physics coordination.
Personnel Personnel Materials Total Comments CERN budget for (FTE) (kCHF) (kCHF) (kCHF) 2020 30.3 6 185 1 560 7 745 Of which M&O: 0.47 MCHF
Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024 73
9. Other LHC experiments
TOTEM: Measurement of total cross-section, elastic scattering and diffractive phenomena. LHCf: Measurement of forward production spectra of pi0’s and neutrons at the LHC energy for the purpose of verification of hadron interaction models for cosmic-ray physics. Goal MoEDAL: Monopole and Exotics Detector At the LHC (MoEDAL). The prime motivation of this experiment is to search for the direct production of magnetic monopoles at the LHC. In addition, MoEDAL is sensitive to a number of highly ionising, slow moving, singly or multiply electrically charged particles from a number of new physics arenas including supersymmetric and extra spatial dimension scenarios. FASER: Search for light, weakly coupled new physics particles (such as dark photons) in the very forward region of the IP1 collisions. TOTEM: Research Board decision of July 2004. Approval LHCf: June 2006. MoEDAL: December 2009. FASER: March 2019 TOTEM: 2005 construction, physics with first LHC stable beams. Start date LHCf: 2006. MoEDAL: 2010. FASER: Construction 2019, Physics 2021 Costs TOTEM: Total foreseen for the period 2020 – 2024: 7 MCHF (1.4 MCHF Materials + 5.6 MCHF Personnel). FASER: CERN Host Lab duties cost to completion 0.5 MCHF for the period 2019 – 2020. TOTEM: Special runs: with large β* (90 m, 1 540 m and 2 500 m) and with standard optics but reduced luminosity; continuous running under normal LHC beam conditions. LHCf: Short low luminosity (~ 2 x 1029 cm-2s-1) and high β*(11 m or larger) runs. Runs with different energy would also be interesting to verify interaction models. MoEDAL: The MoEDAL detector consists of layers of Nuclear Track Detector plastic placed in the immediate vicinity of the LHCb Running detector, within the acceptance of the LHCb detector adjacent to the RICH detector and attached to the walls of the cavern that houses conditions the VELO detector. There is also a “Trapping Detector” system consisting of approximately one tonne of aluminium volumes where stopping particles are captured for subsequent analysis using remote detector systems. Radiation conditions in the MoEDAL/VELO cavern are monitored by a TimePix pixel device array. Full deployment of the MoEDAL detector for running at 13 TeV in 2015 was achieved in the Winter of 2014. FASER: FASER will take data during all periods with collisions in IP1. The main physics will be done with high luminosity, high-energy data taking. TOTEM: The total cross-section and elastic scattering measurements have competition from ATLAS (ALFA). Diffractive studies are Competitiveness complementary to ATLAS and CMS, but TOTEM has the most complete proton measurements. LHCf: Other zero degree hadron calorimeters in LHC experiments, but complementary to each other since the LHCf is dedicated to measuring EM components.
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9. Other LHC experiments (cont.)
MoEDAL: Complementarity to other searches at LHC thanks to full angular coverage, calibrated sensitivity to highly ionising avatars of new physics such as magnetically charged particles and also slow moving electrically charged particles with excellent efficiency. MoEDAL’s MMT array is the only LHC detector capable of directly detecting the presence of magnetic charge via detection of trapped Competitiveness monopoles in a remote SQUID array. FASER: With the Run-3 dataset, FASER will have world leading sensitivity for low mass, weakly coupled new particles produced in pion and other light meson decays, in important regions of signal parameter space. Competition can come from SPS beam dump experiments NA62, NA64 as well as experiments away from CERN (HPS, SeaQuest). Future experiments under consideration by the ESPP could also provide stronger sensitivity in the future. TOTEM: A total of 12 institutes from 8 countries with ~70 participants with PhD (or equivalent). Governing body: Collaboration Board (one representative per member institute) and chair. Executive bodies: Management: spokesperson and deputy, technical coordinator, resource coordinator. Management Board. Technical Board chaired by technical coordinator. Subsystem projects led by project leaders. Physics and Analysis groups chaired by physics and analysis coordinators. TOTEM will merge with CMS after completion of the high cross-section runs. Corresponding agreements are being put in place. Organisation LHCf: 32 members from 4 countries participating (incl. 22 PhDs, 9 students); spokesperson, deputy spokesperson, technical coordinator, GLIMOS. MoEDAL: Physicists from Algeria, Canada, CERN, the Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Korea, India, Italy, Romania, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom and the US. FASER: There are currently a total of 37 collaboration members from 16 institutes in 8 countries in FASER. The collaboration currently has two spokespersons, a Collaboration Board chair, and an executive board also including the project leaders of the different detector systems as well as for the offline software. TOTEM: Technical risks: radiation damage of detectors close to beam, for example silicon sensors in RPs; possible construction and installation of a new T2 for low-luminosity running at 14 TeV. Risks LHCf & MoEDAL: No financial, technical or managerial risks identified. FASER: The main risk is the possibility to not be able to install the detector during the LS2 shutdown due to delays in construction. This can be mitigated by installing missing components during the YETS between 2021 and 2022. MoEDAL: The installation of the MAPP subdetector (MoEDAL Apparatus for Penetrating Particles) in the DGX1 gallery adjacent to the IP* intersection region will continue. Additionally, the analysis of Nuclear Track Detector data taken in Run 2 will be completed. TOTEM: Revision of Roman Pot movement system electronics hardware, service work on RP units in LHC tunnel and Si-strip detector 2020 targets packages. LHCf: Upgrade of the Arm2 readout electronics to a faster one and replacement of the optical fibres in the LHC tunnel for Run 3 operation. Analyses of the obtained data. Main topics are joint analyses with ATLAS focusing on the forward neutron events and comparison of the results obtained at different collision energies including the results from other accelerators to study the Feynman scaling.
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9. Other LHC experiments (cont.)
2020 targets FASER: Commissioning of the different detector systems on the surface, a combined surface commissioning period, followed by installation into the TI12 tunnel (scheduled for May 2020). During the second half of 2020 commissioning of the detector in situ. TOTEM: Data-taking at the highest possible energy and at all possible β* to measure total cross-section and elastic scattering, in particular β* = 90 m. Very high β* (≥1.5 km) for Coulomb interference studies; service and preparation work for post-LS2; replace the current T2 with a new detector dedicated to the measurement of cross-section at 14 TeV after LS2. LHCf: Data-taking in proton-light ion collisions like oxygen and p-p collisions with ALTAS using the upgraded readout electronics. Future MoEDAL: Re-deployment of the 10x25 m2 NTD array, MMT array and TimePix array in the Winter shutdown of each year of running prospects & until an integrated luminosity of > 10 fb-1 is obtained. In 2019 we will submit an application to continue running in LHC’s Run 3 in order longer term to take an additional 30 fb-1 of data at 14 TeV. This request includes a redployment of the existing MoEDAL detector upgraded with the addition of the MAPP sub-detector to expand MoEDAL’s physics reach to include the search for fractionally charged particles and new long-lived neutrals. FASER: Physics searches with the full Run-3 dataset (150/fb at 14 TeV). There are ideas for a larger FASER detector to be installed in a future Long Shutdown, which would have world leading sensitivity to new physics particles produced in heavy meson decay (such as dark Higgs bosons). TOTEM: Spin-off from the TOTEM development of edgeless silicon detectors and VFAT chips (front-end readout and trigger) for industrial applications. Very radiation hard diamond detector development and spin-off from the TOTEM developments related to Outreach picosecond timing detector and electronics (ultra-fast timing technologies). LHCf: Communicate information to the public using web, publicity and press releases, etc., and create interdisciplinary connection between cosmic ray physics and particle physics. FASER: Communicate information to the public using web, public talks, and press releases, etc. TOTEM: Spokesperson; overall technical coordination for the experiment including the subsystem installation; infrastructure in the experimental area; coordination of the physics data analysis; leading responsibility in the Roman Pot system including silicon detectors and timing detector electronics; run coordination; RP data calibration with LHC optics and offline computing. The CERN-TOTEM team is 5 FTEs strong. CERN LHCf: Overall technical coordination for the experimental infrastructure, installation, planning and execution of shutdown activities. contribution General interface to the machine before and during data-taking. GLIMOS, computer administration and outreach activities. FASER: CERN contributions as part of the Host Lab responsibilities include civil engineering in TI12, preparation of the area, installation of services, and installation of the detector. The FASER magnets are being constructed by the CERN magnet group, but paid for by collaboration funds. In the collaboration CERN is responsible for the calorimeter and scintillator systems, as well as making contributions in the TDAQ and the tracking detector. CERN personnel are responsible for the technical coordination and experiment safety, and experiment management (one of the spokespersons is CERN).
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9. Other LHC experiments (cont.)
Personnel Personnel Materials Total Comments (FTE) (kCHF) (kCHF) (kCHF) CERN budget for 2020 Of which M&O : 0.16 MCHF for TOTEM. 3.4 960 560 1 520 No direct CERN contribution for Materials for LHCf and MoEDAL.
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10. Scientific diversity programme
SPS fixed-targets NA58 (COMPASS): Reduce by a factor of two the uncertainty of the Sivers function measured in Drell-Yan with respect to the published result from the 2015 run. NA61: Pilot study of charm production in heavy ion collisions and its relation with quark-gluon plasma production. Hadron production cross-section measurements relevant for the Fermilab neutrino experiments. Pilot measurements of galactic cosmic ray fragmentation cross-sections. NA62: Measurement of kaon rare decays in-flight. Data taking underway. The main focus is the K+ + process which provides insight to short distance fundamental interactions complementary to that achievable at colliders. NA63: Continued investigation of scattering of high energy particles in crystalline structures. NA64: New experiment to search for light dark bosons (Z’) coupling to photons. PS fixed-targets PS 215 (CLOUD): continued exploitation of the state-of-the-art large volume chamber to study the influence of cosmic rays on climate Goal and to reduce uncertainties in atmospheric aerosol/cloud radiative forcing and so sharpen climate change projections for the 21st century. AD, ISOLDE, n_TOF AD: ALPHA, ATRAP, ASACUSA and BASE use decelerated anti-protons and positrons to measure differences if any between protons and antiprotons, or between hydrogen and anti-hydrogen. Three experiments (AEgIS, ALPHA-g and the new AD-7 experiment GBAR under construction) aim to measure the gravitational interaction of anti-hydrogen. ISOLDE: Study the structure of short-lived (exotic) nuclei and employ them in neighbouring disciplines (nuclear astrophysics, weak interaction studies, condensed matter physics, life sciences). n_TOF: Measure neutron-induced reaction cross-sections of relevance for nuclear astrophysics, advanced nuclear technologies and fundamental nuclear physics. Non-accelerator-based experiments CAST: Continue to search for solar and relic axion particles and solar chameleon particles. OSQAR: Optical research for QED vacuum magnetic birefringence, axion and photon regeneration. Each of these experiments uses a decommissioned LHC prototype dipole. Approval ISOLDE: First approved in 1964, latest approval for continuation in June 2007. n_TOF: first approved April 1999. AD: latest approval for extension (approval of ELENA decelerator) in June 2011. Start date ISOLDE: first, beam 1967, at present location first beam June 1992. First post-accelerated beam October 2001. HIE-ISOLDE approved September 2009. n_TOF: first beam November 2000 until 2004, resume operation end of 2008. AD: first beam July 2000. These unique experiments have been recommended by the SPSC or INTC and approved by the Research Board. The facilities at Competitiveness CERN (SPS, PS, ISOLDE, n_TOF, AD) support the requirements of substantial communities and provide unique conditions for numerous experiments.
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10. Scientific diversity programme (cont.)
Organisation Each experiment or facility has a specific organisation, similar for all collaborations. Each is controlled by a specific MoU. The total number of protons which can be delivered to the experiments and the beam time for requested experiments and tests is lower than requested due to the many groups which wish to carry out experiments and tests. Progress in AD experiments is partly Risks tied to future technical breakthroughs. The increasing need for liquid He by the AD experiments is challenging the liquification plant capacity. A large fraction of approved experiments for HIE-ISOLDE has not been able to take data before LS2 due to beam time limitations. Many new low-energy experiments are looking for (non-available) space in the ISOLDE hall. There will be no beam in 2020. AD: Preparation and commissioning of modified equipment to benefit from the changed beam parameters with ELENA and the concomitant expanded physics opportunities. Physics with positrons and protons in 2020. CLOUD: In parallel with data analysis of the CLOUD14 run (done with cosmics in autumn 2019) the CLOUD T11 beam-area will be enlarged, as part of the East Area renovation project. The CLOUD facility will be modified accordingly and prepared ready for next beam-run 2020 targets due in 2021. North Area: COMPASS: semi-inclusive muon scattering off a transversely polarized deuteron target in preparation for 2021. NA62: will process and analyse the data collected until the end of 2018. Results are expected in the fields of rare kaon decay, lepton universality and lepton flavour violation. Preparations for further running after LS2 to continue the physics programme. n_TOF: replacement of the (10 year old) Pb target. ISOLDE: Installation and commissioning of the two new ISOLDE target stations, replacing the current ones, with an objective to start stable beam in the summer of 2020. CAST: Plans for running up to 2021 were submitted to the SPSC in October 2018. OSQAR: Upgrade apparatus for study of photon regeneration. AD: Increased efficiency for antihydrogen trapping and cooling; precision spectroscopy. Beam formation; measurement of gravitational properties of antimatter. The new cooling ring (ELENA) will help increase the production and trapping of antiprotons by up to 2 orders of magnitude. Increase in the number of experiments, which will then run in parallel. CLOUD: Study formation of highly- charged cloud-active aerosols, including consequences on climate impact. Enlarged T11 beam-area, renovated during LS2, will allow increase in the number of measurement instruments. North Area: COMPASS: For 2022 elastic muon-proton scattering is planned in the context of the proton radius puzzle, subject to approval. Longer term: submission of a LoI (and later a proposal) on Drell-Yan and Future spectroscopy measurements with RF-separated kaon and antiproton beams. NA61: Measurements proposed of charm production in prospects & Pb+Pb collisions at 40 A and 150 A GeV/c, of galactic light-ion cosmic ray fragmentation cross-sections, and of hadron production on nuclear targets relevant for the T2K and Dune neutrino experiments. NA62: Considering additional data taking to reach the ultimate longer term sensitivity in rare kaon decays and in the search for light exotics. Active participation in the process of the Physics Beyond Colliders (PBC) study. n_TOF: With two experimental areas n_TOF will pursue research on nucleosynthesis, nuclear data for nuclear reactors and nuclear waste transmutation and innovative nuclear cycles, and medical applications; the number of experiments and collaborating institutes is increasing. ISOLDE: The superconducting HIE-ISOLDE Linac was operated with all 4 cryomodules in 2018, although at a reduced acceleration capacity of 75%. Refurbishment of some RF-cavities is needed to reach full capacity. The boost in energy has opened the facility to new types of nuclear reaction experiments with short-lived nuclei, strongly enlarging the community.
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10. Scientific diversity programme (cont.)
Future Considering the many new experiments planned on the low-energy side of ISOLDE (thanks to 3 ERC grants amongst others), two prospects & additional target stations are envisaged (as part of the EPIC project). CAST: Plans for running up to 2021 were submitted to the SPSC longer term in October 2018. OSQAR: Increased sensitivity to photon regeneration. ISOLDE: Some experiments involve handling of open radioactive sources. For these cases individual training by RP is done. To provide a safe working environment for producing nano-actinide targets, an extension to the existing Class A type laboratories is Specific Health planned for LS2 with commissioning in the spring of 2021. - & Safety issues AD: Safety issues related to the use of radioactive sources or e Linac; these have been cleared by CERN safety authorities. CLOUD: During East Area renovation special attention to safety matters, in close collaboration with EN-EA and HSE. Safety issues related to the frequent radiation alarms at T11-CLOUD; these have been cleared by CERN safety and PS operation. North Area: Considerably better radiation shielding of the COMPASS Drell-Yan target. Outreach Continue to promote the diversity of CERN physics, through visits, workshops, teacher and student programmes. CERN contribution General support in line with the general conditions applicable to experiments performed at CERN.
Personnel Personnel Materials Total Comments CERN budget for (FTE) (kCHF) (kCHF) (kCHF) 2020 25.5 4 345 2 355 6 700
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11. Theory
The main goals of the activities of the Theory Department are: Produce cutting-edge research in all areas of theoretical particle physics; Provide a centre where theorists from the international scientific community can meet, be informed of new developments, discuss Goal with experts, study, and do research; Promote the education of young theoreticians at the post-graduate level; let them gain experience and reach maturity, while preparing them to form the next generation of professors in European universities; Contribute to the activities of the Organization at all levels: support for the experimental programme, data interpretation, planning of future facilities, training, educational and outreach programmes, promotion of scientific events. Competitiveness The CERN Theory Department continues to be one of the world’s most active and prestigious centres in theoretical particle physics. Organisation Theoretical Physics Department. Risks No financial, technical or managerial risks identified. Besides pursuing the general goals, immediate targets for 2020 will be the recruitment of new IC staff members and scientific work in preparation for the update of the European Strategy on Particle Physics. Every aspect of the LHC physics programme will be covered 2020 targets by activities in the Theory Department: formulation of new models and theories, higher-order calculations in QCD, electroweak processes, flavour physics, heavy ion collisions, development of computational tools, assessment of the discovery potential, interaction with the experimental community, and organisation of workshops and scientific events. Moreover, a broad range of research activities, well beyond the scope of the experimental programme, will be supported and vigorously pursued. Maintaining the traditional level of excellence in theoretical physics research remains a priority for the future of the Theory Department. Future Moreover, the Department plans to increase its openness towards the international physics community, by promoting the participation prospects & of external physicists to its scientific activities and by sharing its resources with the rest of the community. In particular, this will be achieved with an intense programme of TH-Institutes and other initiatives organised together with external physicists. There are also longer term plans to strengthen the research activities not only in collider-related physics, but also in string theory, formal aspects of quantum field theory, cosmology, astroparticle physics, and lattice field theory. The Theory Department has a long tradition in active participation in CERN outreach. Indeed, theoretical ideas uniquely inspire the Outreach public, attracting interest towards science. Members of the department regularly give public lectures at CERN and outside, and play a leading role in all educational CERN programmes (physics schools, academic training, summer students, high-school teachers). CERN contributes to the logistics and general support. The Department is run by 19 research physicists (15 full-time, 3 shared with CERN neighbouring Institutions, 1 on leave) and 4 administrative assistants. In 2018, it hosted 65 fellows. CERN provides the resources for contribution an intense visitor programme, which is essential for achieving the scientific goals of the Theory Department. In 2018, this programme involved 28 scientific associates, 4 corresponding associates and almost 1000 short-term visitors.
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11. Theory (cont.)
Personnel Personnel Materials Total Comments CERN budget for (FTE) (kCHF) (kCHF) (kCHF) 2020 52.8 8 915 1 050 9 965
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12. Scientific computing
Goal Build, maintain, and operate a data storage and analysis infrastructure for the worldwide LHC physics community. Approval 2001 Start date 2002 Costs Total Personnel and Materials (CERN share, project and operation) for the period 2020 - 2024: 187 MCHF. Service to run 24 hrs x 365 days a year; distributed infrastructure allows individual external sites to be down while maintaining overall service; Typical data rates over 45 GB/s globally with significantly higher peak rates from CERN to Tier 1s, equivalent rates between Tier 1/2 sites; Running In 2019-2021, plan to manage well in excess of 2 M jobs per day. conditions 2020 will be the second year of Long Shutdown 2 (LS2). The workloads are expected to remain high, but the emphasis will be on analysis, simulation, and bulk reprocessing of Run 1 and Run 2 samples, and preparation simulations for Run 3. Overall loads on all WLCG resources will not decrease; the Tier 0 facilities will be used for reprocessing, simulation, and analysis. In addition, the HLT farms of the experiments will be fully utilised for offline processing. The Wigner facility will no longer be available, but capacity will be transferred to the new containers co-located with LHCb. Competitiveness Largest ever computing endeavour to store and analyse massive amounts of physics data for access worldwide. WLCG is a unique facility. CERN + 13 Tier 1 sites + 73 Tier 2 federations (~168 sites); Organisation Dedicated boards (C-RRB, OB, MB, GDB, CB) and committees (LHCC, C-RSG, AF); Resources mainly in IT Department, some EP, and external in the collaborating institutes; Collaboration established with a Memorandum of Understanding signed by 45 countries. Resource pledges are made at flat budget levels, with “best-effort” to find additional resources to satisfy the needs. There is a long-term concern that in order to satisfy the requirements of Run 3 and Run 4, there must be a continual investment by all funding agencies to maintain a true “flat budget” – even across Long Shutdown years. Reducing funding in those years would create a very serious risk that funding will be insufficient for HL-LHC. Indications that Moore’s law is no longer a predictor of cost/performance give rise to concerns over capacity predictions for the long-term. Flat budget scenarios may no longer be Risks realistic; Levels of effort for distributed computing development are still very limited, and in addition the experiments are losing skilled effort in software and computing. Necessary developments for adopting new technologies and optimising the system may not be feasible in the short term. This may in turn increase costs; A risk as of 2017, related to the commercial uncertainty of the tape market, could have a serious and significant impact on the cost of storage in the medium and long-term. The long-term situation has not improved, although the market is presently stable. As noted above costs are dependent on market forces rather than technology evolution;
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12. Scientific computing (cont.)
The outlook for the evolution of technology is very uncertain. The technical evolution based on Moore’s law is recently far more Risks subject to market forces than to technology. The outlook for what may be feasible within the “flat-budget” scenario may not be as positive as seen in the past. Support the full worldwide workloads of the LHC experiments during the second year of LS2; with an emphasis on analysis and re- processing: Reprocessing of Run 1 and Run 2 data sets; 2020 targets Data distribution worldwide between Tier 0, Tier 1 and Tier 2 centres for processing and analysis – global data rates of > 45 GB/s; Support for simulation campaigns needed for physics analyses, and in preparation for Run 3; Full use of the HLT farms where possible to support various workflows as appropriate to each experiment. From 2020, the Wigner centre will no longer be available, capacity will be replaced in the CERN computer centre and equipment relocated from Wigner to containers at the LHCb location. Anticipate continual evolution of the computing models and infrastructure, tools and services in order to address the anticipated needs of the experiments in Run 3, although the expected running conditions are not yet well defined. Longer term planning and R&D for Future computing for the upgrades is in progress, with a community white paper published in 2017 and a strategy paper delivered in 2018. prospects & These led to a number of R&D projects to adapt the computing models and global infrastructure to the long-term needs. These projects are expected to deliver evolutionary improvements in efficiency and performance during Run 3, and will lead to a computing TDR for longer term HL-LHC in 2022 as agreed with the LHCC. A major aspect is in software performance, and a number of initiatives have started in that area. The evolving infrastructure will need to be able to support a much more heterogeneous set of computing resources and computing techniques and technologies than in the past. Working with CERN OpenLab partners to improve knowledge transfer; Outreach Frequent Computer Centre tours, and large number of VIP visits; Up to date LCG website (http://cern.ch/WLCG), WLCG dissemination material; volunteer computing projects in the LHC experiments and LHC@HOME. CERN Tier 0 and analysis facility to provide ~20 % of total computer and storage resources. Project management and coordination of all contribution activities.
Personnel Personnel Materials Total Comments CERN budget for (FTE) (kCHF) (kCHF) (kCHF) 2020 84.5 17 920 19 400 37 320
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13. Scientific support
Support to the various experiments at CERN on: detector mechanics and electronics development, scientific software tools; design, construction, installation and maintenance (including associated service infrastructure) and provision of administrative and logistics services to the community of users. Design and manufacture of high complexity PCBs and prototype detector components where the Goal development and production time, and cost in industry would be too long/high. For the LHC physics centre at CERN (LPCC), coordinate and optimise existing resources, and introduce new initiatives, dedicated to the best possible exploitation of the LHC data. Participation in detector upgrade programmes during the development, design, construction, installation phases through strategic R&D collaborations or direct participation in projects, and provide centralised resources and expertise for development of future detector technologies. Strategic R&D on experimental technologies for a future generation of detectors. General scientific computing, technical, logistical and administrative support for experiments. Running The EP-SFT group provides and maintains general applications software required for the reconstruction and analysis of experimental data or the corresponding simulations. The detector technologies (EP-DT) and electronics (EP-ESE) groups are involved the design, conditions construction and operation of the experiments and provide on-call services. The resources are shared between design, operation and new initiatives, the sharing being adapted to the requests for operation and shutdown periods of the experiments and their upgrade programmes. The resources are used on a multi-project basis, focusing mainly on common activities for all experiments. Competitiveness The LHC physics centre at CERN is complementary to LHC analysis centres worldwide, and provides scientific support to the whole LHC community. Groups of EP involved: AGS, DI, DT, ESE and SFT. Steering boards involving representatives from experiments and EP management Organisation periodically review the current activities, agree on new common or specific activities, and define the priorities. The scientific library (RCS-SIS) is attached hierarchically to the Director for Research and Computing. No major financial, technical or managerial risks identified, provided that the level of resources and equipment replacements is kept at least at the present level to preserve expertise and to provide support to the community of users. Risks Cyclical economical events or political conjuncture in particular countries may prevent SCOAP3 partners to transfer the contribution agreed in the MoU. Preservation of the paper-based records, in particular in the CERN Historical Archive. EP-AGS continues to deliver a wide range of secretarial and logistic services for the entire scientific community (User’s Office, Experiments’ secretariats, Scientific Committees and CERN Physics Schools secretariat, Space Management and Infrastructure). EP-DT: Construction of new detectors, related infrastructures (gas- and CO2-cooling systems, controls) and engineering efforts on detector installation and integration for some ALICE and LHCb subsystems will be completed. Mass production of large-size micro- 2020 targets pattern detector components for CMS GEM GE2/1 will be in full swing. The development phase for the ATLAS and CMS trackers for HL-LHC will be close to completion and include the construction and validation of a full size demonstrator for ATLAS ITk and detector prototypes for the new CMS Tracker. Focused R&D on CO2 detector cooling technologies for very large tracker systems based on the DEMO cooling plant will be close to completion, providing the required input to design the highly distributed plants for LS3. R&D on gas systems technologies and gas mixtures will continue to ensure reduction of gases exhausted from LHC systems. A vigorous
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13. Scientific support (cont.)
R&D programme on detector technologies in view of future large scale projects of the Organization should be in place, which includes studies of strategic value on radiation hard silicon strips, CMOS pixels, MPGDs and various aspects of services and integration. Contributions for Neutrino Platform projects such as for ProtoDUNE-SP and -DP in relation to the DCS and DAQ will be completed and serve as input to define the design for the DUNE cryostats. The DT contribution to the design and engineering of the LBNF cryostat for the SURF facility (US) will be completed. ESE: Completion of Phase I upgrade deliveries to experiments: ALICE (ITS stave assembly, TTC-PON system, etc.), LHCb (VELO electronics), ATLAS (MUCTPI board, etc.), NA62 (readout boards for straws). Completion of common electronics projects for Phase I (GBT, Versatile Link, FEAST-based DCDC converters, ATCA backend shelves, etc.). Prolongation of support framework for LHC experiments’ power supplies, ASIC foundry and design services, Electronics pool. Completion of ASIC designs for Phase II upgrades: ATLAS ITK (ABCstar), CMS OT (MPA/SSA), RD53 pixel chips. Completion of developments for common projects (LpGBT, VLPlus, BPOL). Selection of advanced technology node for future rad-hard developments beyond 65 nm and submission of silicon photonics prototype. SFT: Completion of the vectorised transport prototype (GeantV) in order to provide estimates of achievable speed-up with respect to the Geant4 simulation toolkit. Develop a follow-up plan for the simulation R&D activities, which should include the fast simulation techniques to be investigated such as biasing, parametrisations, or machine learning, that could be integrated into the full simulation 2020 targets applications. In parallel, the production version of the simulation toolkit (Geant4) will continue its evolution with better physics models and the support for the experiments. Main parts of ROOT's functionality continue their renovation process: prototypes for the new data format as well as the new web graphics/GUI system will be released; the Python binding PyROOT will see a major upgrade. ROOT's interaction with non-ROOT tools will be further improved, for instance for externally trained machine learning models. The web-based analysis service (SWAN), operated by IT department, will be further consolidated and interfaced to other computational clusters to offer physicists easy access to a powerful computational resources. The CernVM software components will continue to be fully functional and satisfy the requested standard as mission critical systems for LHC experiments data processing. The sustainability of the CernVM software will be ensured with respect to new requirements by the HL-LHC construction and a changing IT technology landscape through targeted R&D efforts. New versions of the complete software stack (LCG releases) used in production by, among others, ATLAS, LHCb, FCC, SWAN and the BE department will be produced. A plan to consolidate and streamline the delivery process of these software stacks is being followed. Work in the context of the HEP Software Foundation through leadership positions in working groups and coordination group, aligning and promoting the group’s R&D with wider community needs. A turnkey software stack, to support detector R&D and running experiments will be developed and tested. Scientific information service: Continue the stable operation the activities of the international SCOAP3 consortium, collaborate with its international governance to further improve the financial sustainability and continuously align the collaboration strategy with CERN's Open Access policy and the changing political environment, in particular in Europe. Start the transition of the global HEP literature database INSPIRE to a new technological platform in close collaboration with leading international HEP laboratories.
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13. Scientific support (cont.) Support operation, consolidation for running experiments, in particular during the Long Shutdowns. Support running experiments in their use of common software and continue consolidation of software tools used for the analysis of LHC data. Effort on R&D will increase in order to re-engineer common LHC software for improving performance on new CPU architectures. Support will also be given to activities important for the future of the laboratory (such as for a future collider). Participation in the HEP Software Foundation will continue ramp up with a view to expanding collaboration with software units in other HEP laboratories to provide community-wide software services. Contribute with engineering and technical expertise to new detector construction projects, and play a central role Future on detector R&D and new technologies. Design of electronic systems and ASICs for the upgrade of the LHC experiments (both prospects & Phase I and II). Development of a faster and lower power version of the GBT link. Standardisation of xTCA infrastructure equipment longer term for the experiments’ upgrades. Preparation for deeper submicron technologies and silicon photonics. Increase the R&D effort on novel detector technologies (including aspects such as composite development, evaluation of new materials, quality assurance for detector component production, radiation hardness assurance of detector components), new control systems, gas and detector cooling systems to ensure LHC experiments’ longevity. Provide an integral approach for detector design and technical support at all phases of the projects. Develop and retain know-how, technical space, concentrate resources and expertise related to detector development. Liaison with other CERN departments and groups to focus on the needs of future experiments or upgrades. Prepare for a future generation of detector systems. For the LHC physics centre at CERN (LPCC), continue organising scientific activities centred on the LHC physics programme and its future upgrades (workshops, lectures and working groups, combination of results). Publication and regular updating of activities on web sites. Publication of a DT Annual Report of activities. The expertise developed Outreach in the support groups is regularly consulted by external institutes (computing, detector technologies and electronics). Participation in R&D collaborations, European funded projects and KT activities. CERN contribution Administrative, logistical, computing, technical and general support.
Personnel Personnel Materials Total Activity Comments (FTE) (kCHF) (kCHF) (kCHF) Scientific software 31.4 6 660 885 7 545 Detector technology 66.5 12 500 7 310 19 810 Detector electronics 28.7 5 310 860 6 170 CERN budget for Physics general services 89.5 17 015 3 840 20 855 2020 Scientific exchanges 7.6 1 230 7 920 9 150 (students and associates) R&D detectors 0.8 100 100 Scientific information 29.7 6 190 12 335 18 525 services
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Infrastructure and services 14. Safety, health and environment
Activities and related expenses for the implementation of CERN’s safety policy, CERN’s corporate safety objectives and the agreements with the Host States aiming at continuous improvement in incident prevention and emergency preparedness covered by the following domains: Occupational health and safety: Workplace safety, including monitoring and diagnostics of specific risks such as asbestos and other infrastructure related pollutants; Safety promotion, safety awareness campaigns and safety training (e-learning, face-to-face, hands-on); Expert advice and support in matters of safety to project leaders and operating units; Technical safety inspections and safety coordination. Occupational medicine & emergency preparedness: Medical service, medical checks of CERN’s workforce, work-related health studies/statistics, preventive health campaigns, First Aid, preventive assessments of health risks in the workplace (e.g. ergonomics, nano particles); Fire brigade (on-site, operational 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year), firefighting equipment, communication systems, preventive measures. Safe operation, maintenance and consolidation of CERN’s beam facilities: General and continuous safety consolidation of beam and experimental facilities. Activities Radiation protection: Operational radiation protection (risk assessments with respect to ionising radiation and its impact on workers and persons, job and dose planning, classification of potentially radioactive material); Radioactive waste management (reception, intermediate storage, characterisation, treatment, validation, elimination); Dosimetry and calibration service, export and import of radioactive goods, management of radioactive sources; Design studies/estimates/simulations on radiological impact of CERN’s facilities, in particular in case of modifications, upgrades or new projects; Radiation monitoring – maintain, upgrade and extend fixed installed network of sensors to control ambient dose rate levels as well as the releases of radioactivity by air and water. Environmental protection: Evaluate CERN’s environmental impact and regular reporting to Host States’ authorities; Environmental monitoring – maintain, upgrade and extend fixed installed network of sensors to control chemical releases by air and water; Environmental incident prevention (risk assessment and risk control expertise for activities/projects, preparedness (training, drills) and response (intervention, investigation, mitigation) in collaboration with the fire brigade; Elaboration of environmental hazard inventories, objectives, strategies and internal/external reports in collaboration with the departments and experiments.
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14. Safety, health and environment (cont.)
Safety rules: Activities Revision of safety rules established prior to 2006 (according to agreed roadmap); Establishment of new rules and complementary documents as required for the functioning of the Organization. Costs This heading includes the CEPS project (25 MCHF of material budget from 2018 to 2029) and the SPS Fire project with material cost to completion of 13.3 MCHF (from 2016 to 2023). The lack of a clear and up-to-date safety rules framework induces inefficiency with respect to CERN’s operations and a reputational risk. Lack of preventive measures might lead to incidents affecting people, the environment or investments. Insufficient safety measures could have operational and financial consequences as well as an impact on CERN’s reputation. Lack of emergency preparedness might delay adequate response to alarms and increase the impact of incidents. The lack of a common and consistent approach to risk assessments represents a risk for the organisation. Risks Operational radiation protection: unjustified increase in individual and collective dose to workers; non-compliance with EU and Swiss radiation protection legislation, damage to CERN’s reputation. Radiation monitoring: maintenance and repair of outdated material, shortage of supplies might cause delays in starting up new facilities or stopping the operation of facilities. Radioactive waste management: an unforeseen high waste influx and an insufficient level of elimination might lead to storage saturation. Delaying elimination by CERN might result in increased costs and reduced opportunities for final disposal. Occupational health and safety: Continuous development of the Project and Experiment Safety Support (PESS) activity by further fine-tuning project follow-up procedures, tools and working methodologies. Provide improved guidance and support to project leaders by proposing practical and safe design solutions; Pursue the build phase of the FIRIA project (fire simulation), applying the methodology tested on pilot cases to a prioritised list of CERN’s facilities; Monitor incidents and accidents, make inquiries in collaboration with the departments; Implementation of solid and consistent risk assessment tools throughout the Organization; Enhance collaboration between occupational health and safety experts (e.g. ergonomics, nano particles). 2020 targets Emergency preparedness Develop further fire prevention strategy for fire brigade to improve safety for the CERN community; Review procedures to ensure they are aligned with policy documents and support fire brigade risk and activity profile; Enhance the partnerships with key stakeholders to improve the services fire brigade delivers to the CERN community; Continue to implement the emergency preparedness and incident command project to support CERN business continuity. Radiation protection: Ensure dose optimisation and follow-up for LS2 related activities by applying the ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) approach; Provide an effective service for radioactive waste collection and storage during LS2. Pursue efficient radioactive waste treatment and elimination;
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14. Safety, health and environment (cont.)
Deployment of the next generation of radiation monitoring equipment, the CROME system, to replace the ARCON in the LHC injector chain and the North Experimental Area; Five-year calibration of stationary radiation protection monitors. Environmental protection: Risk assessment and risk control expertise for activities and projects with respect to environmental protection; Further deployment and consolidation of the environmental monitoring network, integrating new and consolidated environmental field instrumentation; Prepare the extension of CERN’s environmental laboratory to allow new analyses and physical separation of “conventional” and radiological samples; Limit the occurrence of environmental incidents by alarm investigation and prevention/consolidation at the source; 2020 targets Fulfil the CERN Environmental Protection Steering board (CEPS) mandate to propose and follow-up the implementation of environmental protection objectives according to the 2016-2020 CERN environmental protection strategy. Safety training & promotion: Course catalogue: continuous improvement (contents, learning methods), response to risk assessments, response to targeted requests/audiences; Operation: priority given to LS2 needs: management of sessions and participants; Development of partnerships with research centres/industries; Safety awareness campaigns (e.g. road/bike safety, falls, Personal Protective Equipment). Safety rules: Continue revision and establishment of safety rules according to agreed procedure (cf. GSI-SO-13) and roadmap; Revise and establish complementary documents (safety guidelines, safety forms…) as required; Assist in the interpretation and implementation of the safety rules. Further improvement in the field of occupational health and safety as well as environmental protection for both radiological and Future conventional aspects with reference to CERN’s safety policy and agreements with CERN’s Host States. A CERN Environmental prospects & Protection Steering (CEPS) board was set-up by the DG with the aim of identifying, prioritising and deciding short and medium term longer term action plans with respect to environmental protection. The CEPS board derives from the 2016-2020 CERN environmental protection strategy proposed by the HSE unit and was endorsed by the Directorate beginning of 2017.
Personnel Personnel Materials Total Comments CERN budget for (FTE) (kCHF) (kCHF) (kCHF) 2020 180.4 29 500 21 270 50 770
90 Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024
15. Site facilities
This consists of the site facility management (cleaning, guards, green areas, site management and registration services), logistics (i.e. stores, shipping, goods reception, personnel transport/mobility and mail services), building maintenance and consolidation and Activities new building construction, and Service Management support and operation of the CERN Service Desk. The materials cover industrial service supplies, maintenance contracts and civil construction contracts. This heading is a stable baseload over time with variations due to new construction projects. General infrastructure covers machine, experiment and tertiary buildings, caverns and tunnels. Machine-specific infrastructures such as electrical power distribution and cooling systems are not included. Over the years since LHC project approval, the maintenance of this infrastructure has been kept to a strict bare minimum. Only vital repairs have been executed. During the next few years a major consolidation programme will be executed to allow the Organization to face the challenges of LHC operation in terms of site usage. Goal In addition, the evolution of sustainable development and responsible energy usage in tertiary applications, i.e. heating/air conditioning, etc., will have to be taken into account in line with developments in society in general. Deliver the site facility and logistics services at the best affordable quality level in an efficient and best practice manner. Deliver Service Management best practice support and facilitate effective and efficient service delivery through the availability of a generic CERN Service Desk. The site facility management headings are of recurrent nature. Costs The consolidation headings for general infrastructure are of a non-recurrent nature but an on-going activity since they include both large-scale multi-annual projects and multiple smaller-scale items. Although some consolidation and upgrade projects took place, many technical and general infrastructure systems still need urgent consolidation because they are at the end of their lifetime. Not pursuing the general infrastructure consolidation could jeopardize the scientific and technical excellence of CERN’s infrastructure, mainly induced by significant safety issues and potential major Risks unavailability of the facilities, and working conditions for the staff. Site and logistics services are mostly operated through industrial support with the risk of long/significant unavailability of site and logistics services due to failure from the industrial support (not secured over time). The increasingly complex physical security threats observed worldwide combined with the global/international/open nature of CERN, raises the risk of the Organization being adversely affected/impacted regarding its people and its most critical facilities/assets. Ensure the best possible level of service to the CERN community as in 2019. The site services will continuously be adapted to the evolution of requirements and available resources. Some of the highlights for 2020 are: Pursue the site consolidation programme based on a risk analysis approach giving the highest priority to actions improving safety and compliance with the applicable standards; Support the capability of implementing the consolidation programme by securing the adequate material and personnel resources; 2020 targets Pursue the effort of standardisation of services with regard to the market’s good practices .Streamline replenishment and shipping processes; With the observed constant growth of the Service Management activity volumes over the years, keep control by application of service automation and process improvements on high volume and/or high cost activities; Pursue the reinforcement of site security measures to safeguard people and protect facilities against potential malicious damages/attacks, with priority to the video surveillance and the access control policies;
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15. Site facilities (cont.)
Smoothly execute logistics and handlings for LS2 according to planning and through monitoring of KPIs (ex: level of service); 2020 targets Evaluation the centralisation of waste collection on CERN sites and points to reduce ecological footprint; Continue the optimisation of the CERN mobility services. Further improve services to the users and staff as well as the maintenance of the site for reliable operation. Secure overtime budgets supporting the contractual commitments and regular investments to maintain a high level of availability of services in the most efficient (least resources) and effective (aligned with customer needs) way. Future Pursue the site consolidation programme based on a risk analysis approach giving the highest priority to actions improving safety and prospects & compliance with the applicable standards. Main effort shall continue with corrective maintenance, with preventive maintenance as longer term long-term goal. Refurbishment of the envelope (roof and façade) of accelerator-related buildings and office buildings. Refurbishment of overheated water and clean water network. Replacement of ageing HVAC and electrical installation. Safety upgrade and asbestos remediation, improving environmental impact through optimising energy consumption. Specific Health As in the 1950s and 1960s many buildings on the sites were constructed using asbestos technology. Their future refurbishment or & Safety issues demolition will incur major costs.
Personnel Personnel Materials Total Activity Comments (FTE) (kCHF) (kCHF) (kCHF) Site management and 56.5 10 285 28 220 38 505 CERN budget for operation 2020 Infrastructure consolidation, 14.3 2 315 18 485 20 800 buildings and renovation Logistics 15.9 2 725 810 3 535
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16. Technical infrastructure
This consists of infrastructure systems (i.e. cooling and ventilation, electrical distribution, heavy handling, access and safety systems, Activities fire and gas detection). The materials cover essentially industrial service supplies and maintenance contracts. This heading is a stable baseload over time. It also includes engineering facilities and workshops: mechanical design, integration, production facilities and material sciences. Although some consolidation and upgrade projects took place, many technical and general infrastructure systems still need urgent consolidation because they are at the end of their lifetime. Main effort shall continue with corrective maintenance, with preventive maintenance as long-term goal. Risks Risks to technical infrastructure are mitigated by the consolidation of technical infrastructure. Consolidation in general implies the progressive replacement of ageing components or consolidation of engineering facilities (e.g. main workshop machines or refurbishment of laboratories), or, when required, is complemented by projects to upgrade and extend the capabilities of existing infrastructure. During LS2, efforts are focusing on the consolidation of technical infrastructure systems directly linked to CERN’s accelerator complex, and for which objectives were set in the corresponding factsheets. In addition, the various services also aim, in 2020, to achieve the following objectives: Regular maintenance and consolidation activities of cooling and ventilation equipment and facilities, including enhanced maintenance of the SPS primary cooling circuit (B863) and of the Linac 3 and LEIR cooling plants; 2020 targets Refurbishment of the main general services electrical substation in Meyrin (ME9); Placing new equipment contracts, in particular for HTA transformers, UPS systems and optical fibre components; Resuming the consolidation programme for mechanical workshop equipment, focusing on compliance to current standards. This includes the replacement of milling machines (REICHLE & KNÖDLER planer) and electrical discharge machining equipment (Charmilles EDM); Handling 19 cryomagnets and ca. 50 UPS in the LHC and replacement of 7 lifts in LHC pits during the LS2. Future The support to CERN projects for the design and construction of accelerator equipment and prototypes will continue and be adapted prospects & to the requirements of LIU/HL-LHC. Continue to provide the required resources and tools to guarantee the highest level of safety and availability of the technical longer term infrastructure.
Personnel Personnel Materials Total Comments CERN budget for (FTE) (kCHF) (kCHF) (kCHF) 2020 179.3 32 460 16 130 48 590
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17. Informatics and computing infrastructure
Informatics provides all the computing infrastructure, tools and environments for more than 10 000 CERN users and staff. This includes Activities the Computer Centre operations, service desk support, local and global electronic communications including telephony, videoconferencing and computer networking. Support for databases and information services, including web services, for administrative and technical computing as well as desktop services such as mail, windows and mac support. Unavailability of services due to various causes: software or hardware failures; corruption of data induced by human errors or malicious acts; The continuing high number of attack attempts combined with their increasing sophistication and the distributed nature of CERN’s informatics, raises the risk of data being adversely affected/impacted regarding its confidentiality, availability and integrity; Risks Maintaining/having long-term dependence with external IT providers that continuously raise the price of their products and services, might severely increase operating costs in the short/medium term; Impact of successive, cumulative reductions in operations budget dominated by incompressible costs; Limited resources to implement the process developed to respect security and confidentiality of personal data, might slow down delivery of some CERN services. Migrate some critical services to the 2nd networking hub to ensure their redundancy; 2020 targets Study/implement alternative strategies and solutions to reduce reliance on commercial products and software providers dominating the market; Continue implementing measures to enhance the protection of personal data. Future prospects & Reduce reliance on commercial software providers dominating the market; longer term New Data Centre in Prévessin.
Personnel Personnel Materials Total Comments CERN budget for (FTE) (kCHF) (kCHF) (kCHF) 2020 135.1 25 440 16 035 41 475
94 Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024
18. Administration
Generic expenses of the Director-General’s office and dedicated services, human resources management, financial services Activities (accounting, planning, controlling), business computing and purchasing. It also includes the expenses related to the Council and its Committees and the training budget for the EU fellowship programme. Streamline administrative processes, regularly review and adapt processes and activities in order to be compliant with international Goal norms (IPSAS), and establish best practices. Improve administrative processes to fulfil the needs, be transparent and service-oriented and provide high-quality services whilst limiting the total P+M cost so that it does not exceed the current level. Ongoing geographical enlargement and a continuously growing population across CERN bring challenges for HR in its current resourcing context to manage the diversity of programmes, people and projects to ensure sustainable wellbeing and engagement of the workforce. Similar challenges apply to procurement and accounting/accounts payables as there is a continued strong increasing Risks amount of contracts and orders to be issued, in particular for HL-LHC as well as challenges in terms of fair industrial return. The cash management assumes that all Associate and full Member States will meet their financial obligations to the Organization. Effectiveness and cost containment of business computing depends as well on the maturity level of the service provider as well as the activity owners across CERN and the Organization’s ability to align its business processes to standard practice that can be supported by standard tools. Human Resources: Five-Yearly Review: complete data collection, benchmarking, reporting and decision on Management's proposal; identifying the financial and social conditions to be reviewed; Data privacy (OC11): coordination, implementation and finalisation of the processing of personal data at CERN; Quality of working life (psychosocial risks): completion of project implementation; Talent Acquisition : review of programmes portfolio; Diversity: creating a more inclusive workplace. Procurement: Ensure the efficient follow-up of the big HL-LHC construction contracts in particular, and the tendering and implementation of other strategic supply and service contracts, such as those for the HL-LHC project; 2020 targets Continue the streamlining of processes in order to improve service levels within available resources; Improve sourcing in poorly balanced Member States and Associate Member States. Financial Services: Implementation of the team account structure to allow for automatic reporting and process integration in overall budget process independent from the funding source; Unifying payment processes across the services; Review of the PPE process aiming for reducing time and resources needed to complete the book closure; Finalise the implementation of the narrative reporting tool for all multi-contributors official documents. Business Computing: Measurable performance increase following the value initiative implementation with product management in operation; Recommendation made by end of 2020 to continue on best-of-breed or move towards common ERP introduction; Enhance of the capability map by including manufacturing processes;
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18. Administration (cont.)
Consolidation of reporting tools around single data warehouse; 2020 targets Reduce cost of travel agency by increased use of online booking tool; Support to simplify PPE bookings. Future prospects & Continue to streamline administrative processes and regularly review and establish best practices to maintain the service level within constant resources in spite of growing demands and population. longer term
Personnel Personnel Materials Total Comments (FTE) (kCHF) (kCHF) (kCHF) Human resources 74.8 13 635 1 620 15 255 CERN budget for Procurement 26.8 5 280 740 6 020 2020 Financial services and 113.2 20 565 4 300 24 865 business computing Directorate and related 51.2 11 970 4 175 16 145 services
96 Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024
19. External relations
The International Relations (IR) Sector implements the Organization’s international relations strategy to generate and secure sustained political, financial and public support for CERN’s scientific and broader societal missions. Target groups comprise Member State representatives, Host State authorities, decision-makers in Associate Member and Non- Member States, international organisations, the wider scientific community, the local community, the media and influencers, the general public, teachers and students, CERN alumni, the International Geneva community, the arts community, as well as corporations, foundations and individuals with an interest in supporting the mission of CERN. The main goals for these different target groups include: Strengthen cooperation between CERN and its Member States and Non-Member States in the context of implementing CERN's geographical enlargement policy and strategy; Maintain effective relations with the relevant Host State authorities and local community; Build partnerships with international organisations and other stakeholders to serve as a voice for fundamental research in global policy debates including the United Nations, the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU), the World Economic Forum (WEF) and others; Increase awareness of and promote CERN's achievements and potential in research, technology, education and training; Advance public knowledge and understanding of CERN, fostering engagement with CERN and embedding science in mainstream culture through web and social media, publications, audio-visual productions, exhibitions and site visits, etc; Motivate schoolteachers, update them regarding CERN research and provide them with teaching resources to enhance physics Goal / activities education at high-school level and inspire school students with physics or CERN science; Develop a constituency and generate support for education and outreach, innovation and knowledge exchange, and culture and creativity through the CERN & Society Foundation; Provide mechanisms for continuous connection and active engagement with the Organization for CERN alumni; Ensure efficient protocol service for visiting dignitaries; Organisation of about 140+ high-level visits annually to the Laboratory; Provision of information about CERN activities and achievements through the CERN website, and through a variety of social media channels and publications including CERN official announcements, the CERN Courier and editions of the CERN Bulletin; Provision of guided tours of the Laboratory and provision of free access to permanent exhibitions (Universe of Particles, Microcosm) for close to 200 000 visitors per year, and management of the CERN Shop; Development of new education and outreach facility (CERN Science Gateway) funded through external donations; Display of CERN travelling exhibitions (Accelerating Science, CERN in Images, LHC interactive tunnel) in Member States, Associate Member States and other countries with an interest in CERN research; Implementation of the Arts at CERN programme as part of CERN's Cultural Policy for Engaging with the Arts; Implementation of the annual non-Member State Summer Student Programme; Identification of prospects, cultivation and relationship-building with supporters, preparation of related fundraising material and outreach, and securing funds for approved projects and support to the CERN & Society Foundation Board.
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19. External relations (cont.)
Knowledge transfer and medical applications The main goal of the Knowledge Transfer at CERN is to promote and demonstrate the impact that CERN has on Society. The principal activities are: Maximise the dissemination of CERN technologies and know-how. Promote, in collaboration with other groups and services at Goal / activities CERN, KT activities carried out CERN-wide; Participate to / manage EC funded projects, in particular for aspects related to KT; A very important knowledge transfer activity of the Organization is related to Medical Applications: using technologies and Infrastructures that are uniquely available at CERN - accelerators, detectors and computing - the aim is to transfer know-how and technologies from CERN to the medical field and disseminate the results of its work to society as widely as possible. Costs For Medical Applications, at steady state, a budget of 1 MCHF materials and 1.6 MCHF personnel per year are provided by CERN. This heading also includes MEDICIS operation financed by the external partners. Knowledge transfer and medical application projects shall be identified and established, taking into account, in particular: Running The objective of maximising the impact of CERN’s engagement; conditions Complementarities and synergies with the work in other laboratories of the Member States; The existence of sufficient external funding to support each project; The availability of resources, taking into account that CERN’s priority is its core mission of fundamental particle physics research. CERN is uniquely placed to integrate science in the international agenda by leveraging relations with States and international organisations, the high media and public profile of the LHC experiments, and the vast scientific and alumni community associated with the Laboratory; by engaging the public and in particular students and teachers with science; and by generating financial support Competitiveness to fund related projects and initiatives. CERN’s KT activities, and in particular the medical applications-related activities, shall focus on projects, using technologies, know- how and infrastructures that are uniquely available at CERN. This approach seeks to minimise any duplication of research efforts taking place in CERN’s Member States. Organisation A specific organisation for Medical Applications since 2016, strategy document approved by Council in June 2017. The main risks associated with not reaching the stated objectives are as follows: Lack of political support in Member States, Associate and Non-Member States and among other stakeholder groups impacts negatively on the long-term support for particle physics and CERN; Poor integration of a science perspective in global policy debates undermines support for fundamental research; Risks Insufficient responses to potential crisis situations or reputational challenges undermine public confidence in the Organization; Lack of talented young people from all countries pursuing careers in STEM with negative impact on the long-term quality of the Organization's work. The amount of external revenues depends on CERN’s success to conclude new partnerships and KT contracts, and on CERN & Society success in fundraising. Risk of not executing KT projects within the deadlines foreseen due to lack of resources. For Medical Applications, these studies can only be undertaken as part of international collaborations and with significant external funding.
98 Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024
19. External relations (cont.)
For International Relations, including education, communications and outreach: Launch of construction of the CERN Science Gateway, development of educational and exhibition-based content and continued fundraising for the project; Continued implementation of geographical enlargement policy and strategy, including completion of the first five-year reviews of Associate Member States (Turkey and Pakistan); Organisation of major public outreach events; Continued implementation of initiatives to promote the role of science in the framework of the Sustainable Development Goals; Implementation of strategic outreach to key stakeholders in the context of LS2 (VIPs, media visits and others); 2020 targets Communication on, and follow-up actions to, the European Strategy for Particle Physics Update. For knowledge transfer and medical applications: Continue the coordination of / participation to relevant EC funded projects (QUACO, ARIES, AIDA-2020) and the management of the BIC network; MEDICIS: negotiate with existing and upcoming partners how they will contribute financially in the medium to long-term; support CERN & Society in fundraising; evaluate the feasibility of Phase B given the amount of external funding received; Support the PIMMS-2 (Proton Ion Medical Machine Study) initiative aimed at building a new collaborative study to develop the design of key components for a new generation of compact, cost-effective light-ion medical accelerator; Linear accelerators: continue to explore the possibility of using the HF-RFQ for production of medical isotopes, and the CLIC structures for proton radiography and for FLASH therapy. The International Relations Sector will continue to expand relations with relevant stakeholders and develop initiatives in education, communications and outreach to promote CERN's achievements in all areas (research, technology, education, training and peaceful collaboration). The focus of education and outreach activities will be the CERN Science Gateway,. The geographical enlargement strategy, aimed at concluding ongoing application processes and targeted engagement with specific countries with a view to Future Membership/Associate Membership, will be pursued while working to ensure that new Member States and Associate Member States prospects & are integrated. The fundraising strategy will be pursued to secure additional sources of funding for projects in the areas of education and outreach, innovation and knowledge exchange, and culture and creativity. The European Strategy for Particle Physics Update in longer term May 2020 will pave the way for specific follow-up actions (strategic, educational and public outreach plans for any possible future project). Promote CERN’s achievements and potential in all areas of knowledge transfer (research, technology, education and training). Identify new ways to properly recognise and highlight the transfer of knowledge from CERN to society and to find new areas for medical applications.
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19. External relations (cont.)
Personnel Personnel Materials Total Comments (FTE) (kCHF) (kCHF) (kCHF) International relations 18.8 3 800 685 4 485 Knowledge transfer (incl. CERN budget for 24.5 4 505 2 780 7 285 medical applications) 2020 Education, communication 45.8 7 720 3 855 11 575 and outreach Science Gateway 3.5 775 23 630 24 405
100 Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024
20. Centralised expenses
Centralised Covers CERN’s contribution to the health insurance for its pensioners, installation and removal expenses for employed members personnel of personnel and unemployment benefits. The heading evolves as a function of number of recruits, departures and CERN’s expenses pensioners. Internal taxation Internal taxation is calculated on remuneration, stipends and other financial benefits received by employed members of personnel. The offset appears in revenues. Personnel internal It is a central fund with limited funding to ease the transfer from one organic unit to another and to temporarily compensate for salary mobility differentials by allocating these amounts to the supervising Department. Internal mobility is one of the key priorities for Human Resources management. Personnel on Concerns staff detached to other organisations for which CERN recovers the expenses as revenues. The heading is updated detachment regularly to take the contractual situation into account. Personnel paid from team Concerns staff and fellows funded by third parties. The offset appears in revenues. accounts Energy and water This heading contains the consumptions for both baseload as well as scientific programme. Insurances, postal The in depth review of the insurances portfolios will be pursued. Furthermore, additional insurances needs will be assessed, and charges, where decided, implemented (in particular in the area of the HL-LHC project). Miscellaneous include expenditures rechargeable to teams and collaborations (offset by the same amount of revenues) as well as miscellaneous provision for departmental expenses funded with revenues. Interest, bank and Includes the interest on the FORTIS bank loan, bank charges and financial expenses (i.e. net exchange loss). Use of bank overdrafts financial expenses and short term loans as financing instruments for the HL-LHC. In-kind Relates to the fair value of the imputed interest expense on interest-free loans granted to CERN, the offset of which appears in revenues. Annual balance Any positive annual balance of the budget is used for capital repayment according to the schedule agreed with FIPOI and FORTIS banks as well as to limit the unavoidable increase of the cumulative budget deficit.
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20. Centralised expenses (cont.)
Personnel Personnel Materials Total Activity Comments (FTE) (kCHF) (kCHF) (kCHF) Centralised personnel 36 335 36 335 expenses Internal taxation 35 165 35 165 Personnel internal mobility 180 180 Personnel on detachment CERN budget for Personnel paid from team 2020 73.9 11 430 11 430 accounts Energy and water 31 735 31 735 Insurance, postal charges, 30 145 30 145 miscellaneous Interest, bank and financial 7 540 7 540 expenses In-kind 1 620 1 620
102 Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024
Scientific projects 21. LHC injectors upgrade
Goal The LHC Injectors Upgrade Project aims at preparing the LHC injectors (Linac 4, PSB, PS, SPS as well as the heavy ion chain) for reaching the goals of the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) with protons and lead ions. Approval Council approval of the proposed MTP for the LHC injectors upgrade. Start date This programme, named LIU has been defined in October 2010. The LIU baseline for protons includes the increase of transfer energies from Linac to PSB to 160 MeV replacing Linac 2 by Linac 4, from PSB to PS to 2 GeV, and the upgrade of PSB, PS and SPS to allow the acceleration of the high-brightness beams required by Costs the HL-LHC. Upgrade activities in the Pb ion injector chain are performed to meet the HL-LHC beam operation requirements as of 2021. Consolidation is assumed to proceed in synchronism. The material cost to completion of the LIU project including M to P transfers, CERN funding, is 180.3 MCHF plus 0.9 MCHF for the Linac 4 connection to the PS Booster during LS2. Competitiveness In order to maintain and subsequently significantly improve the discovery potential of the LHC until the end of its estimated lifetime (~2035-2040), the injector chain must be upgraded. The project has been organised with sub-projects in charge of each accelerator in the proton accelerator complex (PSB, PS, SPS) plus one sub-project following the Pb ion beam production from the source to the LEIR extraction (Pb ion beams in the PS and SPS Organisation are covered by the respective aforementioned machine sub-projects), together with the appointment of persons responsible. A technical coordinator for planning and installation has been also appointed to generate the detailed schedule of the hardware works relative to the LIU project within the assigned time constraints, and oversee its execution. A work breakdown structure is established and CERN project management tools are used. Major risks are of beam performance and technical nature. The HL-LHC machine will not reach its goal and deliver the expected integrated luminosity if the injectors do not deliver, on time and reliably, beams of proper characteristics. The HL-LHC beam intensity and structure have already been proven up to the PS extraction. The beam brightness can only be demonstrated after LS2, when Linac 4 will be connected to PSB, with H- charge exchange injection, together with the upgrade of the PS injection energy to 2 GeV. Risks In the SPS, the 200 MHz RF solid state power amplifiers technology has passed several important milestones and validation tests for the SPS RF power upgrade. Its validation with beam and new control system, crucial to reach the required performance for both protons and ions, will only be possible after full installation in LS2. Risks of cost and schedule nature are scrutinised during dedicated Cost and Schedule Reviews organised every 18 months, whose outcomes are reported to the Director for Accelerators and Technology and to the SPC. In 2020, the remaining LIU equipment will be delivered, tested and installed. The final installation milestones are the completion of the SPS 200 MHz RF systems and beam dump upgrades. 2020 targets The preparation of the individual system tests, equipment hardware commissioning, accelerator cold check out and beam commissioning will continue. Their execution phase will start as of March 2020 in the PSB, continuing in the PS and SPS. The simulation and online models will be ready for the first beam tests.
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21. LHC injectors upgrade (cont.)
2020 targets The project documentation will be finalised and the book closing prepared. The 2020 LIU activities will set the foundation of the successful delivery of the operational beams and the termination of the LIU project. The LIU project defines and coordinates the work programme necessary for the LHC proton and ion injectors to meet the HL-LHC Future requirements in terms of reliability and beam characteristics. Beam simulation, machine development, hardware design and prospects & procurement, infrastructure preparation have taken place throughout Run 2. Prototypes were installed, beam tests performed and longer term crosschecked with beam dynamics expectations and related measures to ensure the beam intensity and brightness. The installation of the main hardware upgrades is currently taking place. Proton beam commissioning with the upgraded hardware will be conducted throughout Run 3, while Pb ion beams will have to be ready for the ion run in 2021. Specific Health A project safety officer has been appointed to assist the project leader in all safety aspects of the project. The health and safety issues & Safety issues resulting from the work and installations managed by the LIU project are handled according to the instructions issued by the HSE unit and duly documented.
Personnel Personnel Materials Total Comments CERN budget for (FTE) (kCHF) (kCHF) (kCHF) 2020 117.0 21 950 10 595 32 545
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22. HL-LHC upgrade
The main objective of HL-LHC is to implement a hardware configuration and a set of beam parameters that will allow the LHC to reach the following targets: A peak luminosity of 5×1034 cm-2s-1 with luminosity levelling, allowing: An integrated luminosity of 250 fb-1 per year, enabling the goal of 3000 fb-1 twelve years after the upgrade. This heading contains: The project for new High Field Large Aperture Quadrupoles in Nb3Sn (new low-beta inner triplets) and all other magnets that need to be changed for HL-LHC: separation-recombination dipoles (D1-D2), matching section quadrupoles and the new corrector magnets; The collimation project, which comprises actions already defined to reach ultimate beam intensity, and the new collimation system for the upgrade; Goal The project for an LHC 11 T dipole (to be used for new collimation in the DS regions); The development of a superconducting link, necessary for the cold powering of HL-LHC, that will also be an essential feature of the machine availability and reduction of radiation dose to personnel (ALARA principle); The development of crab cavities in IP1 and IP5 for luminosity increase and pile up density reduction; All necessary modifications and interventions on the LHC to make sure it will operate in high luminosity conditions with the necessary flexibility: modification and completion of the cryogenic-plants (in P4 to allow cooling test of superconducting RF independently of main refrigerator; in IP1 and IP5 new refrigerators and separation of IR from arc); new beam screens with W- shield, new diagnostics, and new absorbers for injection and extraction of a more intense beam, a beam based full remote alignement of all HL-LHC equipment in IR1 and IR5, etc. The project includes as well the modifications required by the increase in luminosity of ion collisions and the increase in luminosity for proton collisions in LHC P8 (LHCb upgrade of LS2); The improvement and modification of LHC technical infrastructure, including major civil engineering works, underground and at ground level, necessary for the installation of new equipment for the upgrade. The HL-LHC study started in 2010 with the new MTP, following the closing of the Phase I upgrade. Part of the R&D for the new magnets in Nb3Sn was approved in the White Paper of June 2007, as High Field Magnets (HFM). The project has finally been approved with the special session of the CERN Council of May 30, 2013 held in Brussels. During that session the new EU strategy Approval for High Energy Physics has been adopted, fully endorsing the goal of increasing the LHC luminosity design value by a factor ten, i.e. up to 3000 fb-1. On 11 November 2013, HL-LHC has been kicked off as construction project in the presence of Directors from CERN and all other collaborating labs. Following the Cost and Schedule Review of March 2015, the cost to completion of the project has been integrated in the MTP 2016-2020. The HL-LHC project has been fully approved, with a cost to completion of 950 MCHF (2015 prices), by the CERN Council during the June 2016 session. The associated FP7-EuCARD-WP7 (High Field Magnets) started on 1 April 2009. The HL-LHC project was defined in September 2010 including the previous Nb-Ti Inner Triplet project (also called Phase I upgrade), Start date re-scoping the deliverables. The associated FP7 HiLumi LHC Design Study, approved and partly supported by EC in 2011, started on 1 November 2011 and ended in 2015. The associated H2020-QUACO programme, for developing a new model of prototyping procurement in magnet technology and partly supported by the EC, started in 2016 and will end in 2020.
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22. HL-LHC upgrade (cont.)
The cost to completion of the HL-LHC construction was reassessed during the Cost and Schedule Review held in March 2015. The material cost was fixed to 950 MCHF. Costs The cost of 950 MCHF has been confirmed by the second Cost and Schedule Review held in October 2016, despite an increase in cost of technical infrastructure, practically offset by a decrease in accelerator components cost. This cost was also confirmed by the third Cost and Schedule Review held in March 2018. The personnel needs are evaluated to about 1800 FTE-y. The cost includes all hardware needed for the project baseline. HL-LHC success is closely linked to other internal CERN projects, such as: Running LHC Injectors Upgrade (LIU) project, which will provide beam of appropriate characteristics to the HL-LHC machine; conditions The consolidation and R2E projects, which will implement hardware modifications in view of HL-LHC, such as electrical power converters, injection absorbers, old electronics, etc. and will take care of improvement of some collimators in view of HL-LHC; Detectors Phase II Upgrade. On the time-scale of 2025-2040, HL-LHC will be a unique facility as Higgs production and for direct study of physics beyond the standard model, with no competitor and will constitute the big leap forward for HEP. It is also a unique test bed for testing technologies Competitiveness that are essential for future projects (like HE-LHC,FCC and to a lesser extent e+e- and e-ion colliders): operation of high field magnets (with coils made of Nb3Sn), collimation in near-to-GigaJoule beam regime, crab cavities for proton colliders, SC links to separate powering from radiation sources, etc. As a major CERN project with important external contributions, the organisation is subdivided into work packages (WP). The project is supervised by the Collaboration Board (CB). Representatives of institutes making a considerable in-kind contribution to the project are members of the CB. This is the case for institutes originating from Member States (France, Italy, Spain, Sweden and Organisation UK) and non-Member States (Japan, the US, Canada, China and possibly Russia). The CERN Management keeps a major share in the collaboration board, given the fact that the project is an upgrade of an existing facility run by CERN. A Coordination Group has been set to ensure a correct communication channel with the detectors phase II upgrade. The Coordination Group reports to the HL- LHC/LIU Executive Committee. For each equipment based on new technology a back-up plan is being identified. New machine studies are under way to understand possible limits, especially related to maximum beam current and to the effect of the long-range beam-to-beam interaction. Delays in superconducting wire deliveries or budget cuts from partners could have an impact on the readiness for the magnet design and the consequent luminosity upgrade. Impact on the HL-LHC programme of the higher cost than estimated for civil engineering Risks structures is under evaluation. Risks of cost and schedule nature are scrutinised during dedicated Cost and Schedule Reviews organised every 18 months, which results are reported to the Director for Accelerators and Technology and to the SPC. The shortage of personnel, due to competing programmes is being partly alleviated by a more intensive use of external collaborators like in experimental collaborations and by new personnel approved by CERN Council in December 2016. The risk of lack of availability of CERN staff (and CERN services) during the LS2 period 2019-2020 is however kept under scrutiny for prompt evaluation. Inner triplet quadrupoles: completion of the second Q2 quadrupoles at CERN (7.2 m, the longest Nb3Sn magnet) and start the 2020 targets assembly of first series Q1/Q3 cold masses in the USA. D1 & D2 magnets: start the assembly of the long prototypes of D1 (Japan-KEK) and D2 (Italy-INFN LASA) dipoles. Crab cavities: test of the first prototype RFD dressed cavity and start of its cryomodule construction for the SPS test.
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22. HL-LHC upgrade (cont.)
Collimators: Completion of the construction of first batch of low impedance collimators and all Dispersion Suppressor collimators (four collimators); Superconducting link: Test and validation of full cold powering system demonstrator; 2020 targets 11 T: Installation of the first 11 T complete cryo-assembly in the LHC tunnel; Installation of the TDIS (new injection protection absorber) and of MKI prototype with cooled ferrite rings (MKI-cool); Installation of the TANB in IR8 for the LHCb upgraded luminosity; Civil Engineering: Completing the main underground excavation works (new caverns and new galleries). In conformity with the plan established in 2016, the project has developed a more detailed plan for the long term, which can be summarised as follows: 2016: issue the Technical Design Report (TDR_v0.1) which includes the re-baselining done during summer 2016 that was scrutinised during the second Cost and schedule Review. This TDR includes engineering and constructive description of the baseline (and a restricted number of options) and addresses technical Infrastructure as well; 2017-2019: test of main prototypes, both for magnets and crab cavities (CC). Readiness of the first long superconducting link, of the Molybdenum based low impedance collimators and of the first prototype of Long Range Beam-Beam compensating wire. Future Issue the TDR v1; prospects & 2018: start construction of the main components that will be installed in LS2 and mainly in LS3. longer term 2021-2022: installation and test of a full Inner Triplet string (Q1-Q3-D1-shuffling modules-new electrical feedbox, superconducting link, new 17 kA power converter); 2024: start de-installation of old triplets with procedures in line with the ALARA principle to reduce dose to personnel; 2025: start installation of the main components of HL-LHC. The prospects are very positive for HL-LHC after the success of the first two international Cost and Schedule Review that have endorsed the cost of the project. The signature of the agreement between DOE and CERN, has been followed by approval of CD2 status by DOE to the US project (i.e. full funding). Now also the Japanese in-kind contribution (D1 magnet cold mass) has been secured. The approval of FCC as H2020 EuroCirCol Design Study, makes the technology developed for HL-LHC (11 T dipoles and 12 T large bore quadrupoles) pivotal for CERN’s future, enhancing the importance of HL-LHC also as “necessary technological step”. Specific Health The LHC insertions will be dismantled and new ones will be reinstalled after about 300-400 fb-1 of luminosity. The ALARA principle & Safety issues will be used to dismantle and design the components. A specific programme to cope with work in highly activated areas (based on remote operation/manipulation, augmented reality and robotics) has been launched in coordination with already existing R&D.
Personnel Personnel Materials Total Comments CERN budget for (FTE) (kCHF) (kCHF) (kCHF) 2020 234.1 43 100 107 950 151 050
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23. LHC detectors upgrades
-1 Goal The overall aim is to improve the performance of the detectors for the bulk LHC running (yielding typically 300 fb at nominal energy) expected until LS3, as well as to prepare for an order of magnitude more luminosity at the HL-LHC in the following decade. Approval The upgrade programme of approved detectors is under continuous review by the LHCC. Costs Total foreseen for the period 2020-2024: 204 MCHF (106 MCHF Materials + 98 MCHF Personnel). Running This activity consists of many projects which will take place in the next 4 to 5 years. Thus, the quantum is a sub-project, not the yearly conditions budget. The requested budget corresponds to the CERN share of a substantial effort by all funding agencies. It includes HL-LHC detector R&D (Phase II R&D) as well as the CERN share for the HL-LHC detector construction. Competitiveness The high luminosity running at the nominal energy of 14 TeV will make it possible to fully exploit the discovery potential of the LHC accelerator. Organisation The projects include contributions from many different institutions. They are organised by the management of the experiments, reviewed by the LHCC committee and technically coordinated by the project office led by the technical coordinator of each experiment. Most of the upgrades are technologically very challenging and delays due to a longer R&D phase, resource limitations and/or Risks construction problems cannot be excluded. Specific concerns are related to the development of complex ASICs for the readout electronics, and delivery of large amount of Silicon sensors by only one vendor. ALICE: The three major upgraded detectors (TPC, MFT and ITS) will be installed in the experimental cavern. The software integration will be performed on the O2 vertical slice and the processing farm will be deployed. The global commissioning of the whole experiment will start in October 2020. ATLAS: Main activities of the ATLAS Collaboration for the Phase II upgrade are the upgrade of the Trigger-DAQ system, the Inner Tracker (ITk), the Liquid Argon (LAr) and Tile Calorimeters including High Granularity Timing Detector at the end-caps, the Muon system as well as preparations of the infrastructure and of software and computing. In 2020 the Trigger-DAQ project aims to complete the specifications for the main components of the upgrade, the FELIX and ATCA cards. Similarly, the calorimeters will advance the designs of their readout electronics and carry out the initial evaluation and development of the firmware blocks of the FPGAs in the 2020 targets processing units. For the ITk, in 2020 a conclusion on the Pixel sensor technology is expected, prototype and demonstrators will verify mechanics, services and electronics to reach that most of ITK components will go thought PDRs or FDRs. Market surveys and tendering processes will start. For the HGTD with the help of test-beams and a demonstrator, sensor parameters and front-end ASICS prototype will be finalised. The Monitored Drift Tubes (MDTs) of the muon system are expected to be advanced, and series productions will be prepared to start. On the preparation of the infrastructure, CO2 cooling design and prototyping for the ITK and the HGTD will be carried out. This will be, together with CMS, a CERN-wide project. At the ATLAS experimental cavern, beam shielding for the HL- LHC will be installed as well as the electronic rack area in USA 15 prepared. Synergetically to the preparation for Run 3, software and computing will be prepared for multithreading, and developments for the upgrade of the data management systems will advance. CMS: For the Forward Calorimeter upgrade: finalise the design and validate with prototypes of the Exaboard and Cassette Motherboard, continue the development for the installation tools, continue the design/prototype of the CO2 cooling station and of the
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23. LHC detectors upgrades (cont.)
insulated piping setups, prototype of the support cone, continue development of the detector safety system, and finalise the test setup to test modules and cassettes. For the Tracker: last round of submissions for front-end ASICS, finalise prototypes of Outer Tracker modules and continue study for Inner Tracker modules, continue the development of the CO2 cooling demonstrator, continue prototyping of mechanical structures including sector mock-up, continue to develop interlock system for detector safety, initial prototype of powering chain and of DAQ readout chain for both Inner and Outer Tracker. For DAQ: second iteration on DTH board (Phase II DAQ main acquisition card). For BRIL: final prototype for LUMI readout of Pixel layer, adaptation of Timepix and Velopix to 2020 targets the radiation monitor. For Muons: ME0 prototype chamber and power system prototype. LHCb: Finalise detector construction for the LHCb upgrade. Continue to use computing infrastructure for data analysis, while starting the implementation of the new structures and farms. Finish de-installation of obsolete detector components, whilst completing the installation, integration and commissioning of all upgraded components as planned during LS2. Continue R&D and further define objectives and methods for the HL-LHC phase. An expression of interest and a physics motivation report for this phase have been submitted to the LHCC. The main strategy points to a two-step model, where some consolidation could be achieved during LS3, in principle maintaining the same luminosities, moving towards a complete refurbishment of the detector during LS4 for operation at a luminosity of ~1.5 x 1034 cm-2s-1. Future prospects & Prepare for optimal exploitation of LHC at ultimate luminosity. longer term
Personnel Personnel Materials Total Comments (FTE) (kCHF) (kCHF) (kCHF) LHC detectors upgrades CERN budget for 63.3 14 530 10 500 25 030 (Phase I) and consolidation 2020 LHC detectors upgrades 65.9 14 745 8 865 23 610 (Phase II) and R&D
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24. Energy frontier studies
24a. Linear collider
Design-studies of an e+/e- multi-TeV high-energy frontier linear collider based on a novel two-beam accelerator scheme, proposing CLIC as an option for a post-LHC accelerator project at CERN. The main feasibility issues, cost and project timelines have been developed, demonstrated and documented in a comprehensive project implementation plan for the accelerator and a 2018 summary report comprising physics, detector and accelerator status and plans for CLIC. An initial stage at 380 GeV is presented in detail, together with upgrade paths to higher energy stages, 1.5 and 3 TeV. The work-programme, technical R&D and design studies, are carried out by a collaboration of 53 institutes providing the overall (M&P) resources for the activities. The programme encompasses Goal development of the basic acceleration technology, integrated design, specific technological studies, implementation studies and integrated system tests. The CLIC accelerator studies are closely connected with associated physics and detector studies with 30 institutes involved, using LHC physics guidance maximally for design optimisation of the accelerator and detectors. The core CLIC technology, X-band RF, is currently being put into use in numerous collaborating institutes as elements of smaller accelerators, or as main RF technology for compact new linacs. ILC studies are supported through combined working groups, hosting the Linear Collider Collaboration, EC supported activities with Japan, and co-operation with KEK for specific technology developments and ATF2. The future of this activity will depend on the direction of the ILC project in Japan where new information is expected during 2019. Approval Accelerated CLIC R&D by the CERN Council in 2004. July 2004 with as goal a CDR 2011-2012 demonstrating feasibility. The goals for the current European Strategy update – an optimised Start date design of an electron-positron machine at the high-energy frontier and associated high gradient R&D – are set out in the European Strategy from 2013. The material budget foreseen for the Linear Collider studies over the MTP period is 20.0 MCHF (from 2020 to 2024). In addition, Costs 15.9 MCHF are planned for personnel on the same period. The CLIC collaboration provides important external contributions complementing the resources from CERN and specific technical contributions from collaborators in the 50 institutes that form the collaboration are integral parts of the work programme.
Running The CLIC study is organised as a collaboration with the institutes represented in a Collaboration Board with a Collaboration Board conditions chair, and an elected spokesperson. The contributions of the collaboration members are described in MoU addenda and R&D contracts. The CLIC machine is the only possibility to reach multi-TeV e+/e- collision energies with high luminosities in the foreseeable future. The construction of such a machine is motivated by the unique physics potential of a machine with this capability, addressing Standard Model physics studies and Beyond the Standard Model searches. Competitiveness There are several collaborative efforts with the International Linear Collider (ILC) based on RF superconducting structures operating as a potential Higgs-factory. Optimisation of studies/resources takes place under the LCC (Linear Collider Collaboration) heading. The energy and physics potential for the two machines are different with CLIC emphasising the multi-TeV capabilities due to its high gradient and compactness. However, an initial stage at 380 GeV for CLIC is currently a primary focus for the study covering Higgs
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24a. Linear collider (cont.)
+ - Competitiveness and top studies. The ILC initial baseline has recently been reduced to 250 GeV for cost reasons. Circular e /e machines as FCC-ee and CECP are also under study. A CLIC nucleus study team hosted at CERN and reporting to the CLIC Collaboration Board with representatives of all collaborating Organisation institutes. Work packages are defined, distributed and followed up by the CLIC Steering Committee and executed by CERN groups and/or external collaborators. The CLIC project is part of the international LC Collaboration. The organisation of CERN’s involvement is under the Directorate for Accelerators and Technology. Main risks lie in the availability of staff and fellows in the coming years for the preparation phase of the project. The progress also Risks depends strongly on the continued effort from the outside institutes, and the ability to engage these institutes in the future programme. At this point, with the widening use of X-band technology in local projects, the engagement is good and increasing. Consolidate the CLIC baseline design studies in particular for X-band technology, high efficiency RF, main linac engineering and luminosity performance, including the experimental programmes in the CLEAR beam facility and the X-band test-stations; Initiate/organise preparation phase (2020-2025) studies focused on system performance optimisation and further industrial 2020 targets qualification/involvement within collaboration; Follow up with collaborators the many smaller projects where X-band technology is being used, as they can provide significant relevant effort/studies for the CLIC preparation phase programme, including industrial capability build up; In parallel planning for European activities within ILC and initiate project preparation phase activities, in case of a positive statement from Japan about hosting the project. Future Develop CLIC towards readiness for construction with the full collaboration, exploit the use of CLIC developed technologies in prospects & collaborative projects with key partners, provide support and coordination as requested for a potential European involvement in the longer term ILC project in Japan. Specific Health & Safety issues High power and radiation issues for X-band components tests. Overall coordination of the CLIC and hosting of the CLIC Collaboration; CERN Validation, organisation and follow up of the CLIC work-packages; contribution Operate the CLEAR beam facility and X-band test-stations; Contribution to the ILC design and preparation.
Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024 111
24b. Future Circular Collider
The main goals of the first phase of the FCC study (2014-2018) were conceptual design reports, technology demonstration and cost estimates for high-energy circular collider options in a new tunnel of 80 – 100 km circumference, successfully submitted in time for the current update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics 2019-2020. The long-term goal of FCC is a 100 TeV energy frontier proton-proton collider (FCC-hh). The integrated FCC programme includes, as first step, a high-luminosity energy-frontier electron- positron collider (FCC-ee) operating at centre-of-mass energies between 90 and 350 GeV. Options for lepton-hadron scenarios (FCC- he) were also documented. Parameter optimisation, optics design and beam dynamics studies for both colliders are part of the FCC study. Work on civil engineering and technical infrastructure concepts, satisfying requirements of both collider options, will be further intensified. Main goals for technology developments are: Development of high-field superconducting magnet technology beyond HL-LHC requirements. Production of 16 T short magnet models based on Nb3Sn, including magnet and coil design optimisation, wire and cable R&D, optimisation of coil production, Goal impregnation and magnet assembly. Parallel programme to demonstrate 20 T magnet technology based on high-temperature superconductors as inserts; Optimisation of technology for large superconducting RF systems. Determination of the optimum cavity technology and cryogenic operating temperature, balancing complexity and power consumption of the cryogenic system against the difficulty to reliably reach large quality factors (푄0) and accelerating gradients. R&D to significantly improve energy efficiency of RF power sources in continuous wave mode. In particular for FCC-ee, the RF system has to provide a total voltage of up to 12 GV to continuously compensate for synchrotron radiation losses of order 100 MW; R&D for specific technologies, e.g. for synchrotron radiation handling, collimation, beam dump, and machine protection. The first phase of the FCC study also included the conceptual design, performance and cost analysis of a HE-LHC, housed in the LHC tunnel, and based on the same high-field magnet technology as the FCC-hh hadron collider. The FCC study also covered an elaboration of the physics cases, detector concepts for all three types of collider, as well as the conception of staging and implementation scenarios. Approval Following European Strategy Update 2013 study approved by CERN Council in 2013. Start date 12 February 2014 (International FCC kick-off meeting).
The CERN material budget foreseen for the FCC studies over the MTP period is 46.2 MCHF (from 2020 to 2024). In addition, Costs 39.8 MCHF are planned for personnel on the same period. The FCC study collaboration is assumed to provide important external contributions complementing the resources from CERN. In line with the progress of prototype works, the first material in-kind contributions for the FCC project have been implemented in this MTP (7.3 MCHF). The FCC design study is organised as an international collaboration. Participating institutes are represented in a Collaboration Board. Running The collaboration is based on the FCC Memorandum of Understanding, and individual contributions of collaboration members are conditions described in specific addenda. The FCC Horizon 2020 design study application ‘EuroCirCol’, was approved at the beginning of 2015 by the European Commission and covers a subset of the FCC study, promoting the vision of a large-scale post-LHC research infrastructure under European leadership
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24b. Future Circular Collider (cont.)
The FCC-ee collider, as a first step in the realisation of the FCC integrated programme, is the most powerful lepton collider presently proposed for precision studies of the Z, W, and H bosons and of the top quark (c.m. collision energy range from 90 GeV to 365 GeV), at luminosities significantly higher than achievable with linear colliders. FCC-ee results are expected to indicate the energy scale of Competitiveness possible new physics. FCC-ee would also enable the search of rare Higgs and rare Z decays. The FCC-hh collider, as second step of the integrated programme is the only possibility to reach collision energies at the 100-TeV scale in the foreseeable future, with high luminosity and at affordable power consumption. The additional FCC-he collider option would enable high precision deep inelastic scattering and provide access to complementary Higgs physics. The FCC Study Coordination Group, constituted from a CERN core team together with a few global experts, organises and carries out the conceptual design study at international level. It reports to an International Steering Committee, consisting of 2-3 representatives per region, which is determining and refining the goals of the study, approving the work programme and reviewing Organisation the study progress. An International Collaboration Board, with one representative per institute, is reviewing the resources and the channeling of the external contributions. The Collaboration Board reports to the Steering Committee. An International Advisory Committee, consisting of 1 or 2 experts per technical area, reviews the scientific and technical progress of the study and submits recommendations to the Steering Committee. The overall study progress depends strongly on availability of CERN staff resources and contributions from outside institutes, while Risks other CERN major projects, relying on the same core competences, are under construction or installation. Technical risks are linked to progress in challenging R&D programmes such as Nb3Sn magnet and SRF technologies, sometimes strongly pronounced by the limited number of industrial suppliers in key domains. Review and optimisation of the FCC civil engineering and tunnel implementation in close collaboration with Host-State authorities; In parallel optimisation of machine designs for both colliders and in particular studies on the integration of 3 or 4 interaction points 2020 targets for FCC-ee. Investigation of alternative options for the FCC-ee injector complex; Submission of a H2020 Design Study proposal focused on FCC-ee design and general aspects of project preparation; Follow up on all FCC-related technology R&D programmes with international collaborators and industrial partners; Planning preparation for a possible project preparatory phase starting from 2020, following the EPPSU conclusions. Future Technical design report for FCC-ee by 2025-2026, in time for the anticipated next EPPSU. Continuation of key-technology R&D in prospects & particular SRF, energy efficient RF power sources and short high-field magnet prototypes and associated SC technology. Advanced longer term civil engineering planning, combined with site investigations, to prepare for possible civil engineering construction. Preparation of project funding and governance strategies at international level. Outreach Cost benefit studies on large-scale research infrastructures. Public travelling exhibition to inform about HEP and future infrastructures. Various public events, related to workshops and conferences. CERN Overall coordination of the FCC study and hosting of the global collaboration; contribution Organisation, follow up and technical contributions for FCC study work packages; Collaboration with host state authorities to define administrative frameworks and associated processes for project preparation.
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24. Total Energy frontier studies
Personnel Personnel Materials Total Comments CERN budget for (FTE) (kCHF) (kCHF) (kCHF) 2020 60.4 11 735 11 910 23 645 Linear collider and Future Circular Collider
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25. Accelerator technologies and R&D
AWAKE: Advanced Acceleration Techniques: Contribute to the global effort on developing the use of plasma wake-fields for accelerating particle beams and take leadership in the development in the proton driven plasma wakefield acceleration technology. The goal of AWAKE Run 2 after LS2 is to bring the R&D development of proton driven plasma wakefield acceleration to a point where the electron beam is accelerated to high energies with average gradients at ~1 GV/m, while preserving the electron beam quality and where particle physics applications can be proposed and realised. To this end, design, modify, construct and run a facility for studying and optimising the electron acceleration in plasma wakefields, driven by a self-modulated proton beam (AWAKE). SC-RF: The goal is to assure CERN’s ability to maintain its present superconducting RF systems in LHC, HL-LHC and HIE-ISOLDE and to provide the facilities and personpower to enable R&D on Superconducting RF (SRF), one of CERN’s priorities to enhance a vigorous accelerator R&D programme, complementary to FCC developments. It covers installation, upgrade, operation and maintenance of the necessary infrastructure for design, fabrication and testing of material samples, single-cell and multi-cell cavities. It allows for improved design and engineering of cavities and cryomodules including ancillaries. This heading also covers the continuation of R&D activities undertaken in collaboration with international partners, highlighting the complementary strength of all partners. SC magnet: R&D on superconducting magnets, especially on high-field magnets (HFM), is one of CERN’s priorities in support of a Goal vigorous accelerator programme. This heading covers the superconducting magnet R&D complementary to the HL-LHC project and the FCC design study, as well as design and prototyping of magnets that could be used in beam transfer lines (e.g. neutrino targets), compact circular accelerators and storage rings or other applications such as medical. This item is the general technology driver for the next generation of high field magnets (up to 16 T in LTS, 20 T and beyond in HTS) for future accelerator facilities. Specifically, the work covers: Magnet technology: advances in high superconducting materials (Nb3Sn and HTS) and emerging alternatives, insulating materials, instrumentation, structural materials with increased strength and improved magnetic properties at cryogenic conditions to reduce mass and cost; Material testing and characterisation facilities relevant to HFM: critical current test facilities for wires/tapes with background field in the range of 16-20 T, cable critical current test facility with background field in the range of 13-15 T, magnet test facilities with very high current capacity, in the range of 20-50 kA. Design alternatives to the present baseline geometry for accelerator magnets. Other accelerator R&D heading covers mainly R&D activities that are not part of approved studies and projects, nor of specific R&D programmes. It covers for example R&D on vacuum and surfaces technologies development like the contribution to the LESS (Laser Engineering Surface Structure), coatings techniques, beam transfer (kicker systems, septa, electronics and controls) and energy extraction systems R&D. AWAKE: Approval of the AWAKE experiment in the Research Board of August 2013. Approval SC-RF: In line with the recommendations of the European Strategy Update 2013 approved by CERN Council in 2013; SC magnet: In line with the recommendations of the European Strategy approved by CERN Council in 2013. Start date AWAKE: A conceptual design for AWAKE was launched in 2012 with the start of construction end 2013. SC-RF: July 2014;
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25. Accelerator technologies and R&D (cont.)
Start date SC magnet: September 2014. AWAKE: The material cost of the AWAKE project Run 1, CERN funding, is 12.3 MCHF. It is complemented by external in-kind contributions of 11.2 MCHF. Allocation in MTP 2019 over the period 2019-2029: 17.3 MCHF for the design study of the Phase 2 of AWAKE and the construction phase as of 2022. Costs SC-RF: Combination of personnel and material resources required to run the fabrication, assembly and test facilities and necessary for projects and studies. Material: 1.7 MCHF/year, of which 0.5 MCHF reserved for fellows and students plus external contributions (support of EU programmes and other contributions). SC magnet: Dominated by the materials budget to sustain LTS and HTS conductor development and procurement (industry), and the cost of test installations at high field. Personnel and design contributions remain minor. AWAKE: The facility is operated by the AWAKE collaboration. CERN is the host laboratory of the experiment, and is responsible for the installation, commissioning, operation and maintenance of the necessary infrastructure, including the proton and electron beam lines, the laser transport lines, the electron source system, the experimental area and the associated services. SC-RF R&D requires collaboration and tight coordination with an existing successful global R&D programme at CERN and in other laboratories: Running Partnership are well established with ESS Lund, with Universities in Rostock, Uppsala and Frankfurt, with JLAB and FNAL in the conditions US, TRIUMF in Canada as well as BINP in Russia and the STFC in UK; Running conditions include the operation and development of SRF relevant facilities at CERN (e.g. electron-beam welding, surface treatments, sputtering, cryogenics, test platforms, specialised apparatus for sample testing, clean rooms for assembly and test). SC magnet: The SCM R&D requires tight coordination with the existing projects and R&D programmes, internal to CERN (HL-LHC, FCC) and within the scope of the EU-funded collaborations (ARIES, FuSuMaTech). AWAKE is a facility to study a new acceleration technology based on the use of a proton beam to drive plasma wake-fields. This is the first facility of its kind worldwide. Using the AWAKE acceleration scheme for new particle physics experiments offers great potential for future high energy applications. SC-RF: Superconducting RF technology is used in the present CERN accelerators (LHC, HIE-ISOLDE) and for their upgrades (HL- LHC Crab Cavities). SRF technology is a common denominator and critical technology in many potential future projects (FCC, neutrino Competitiveness facilities, ILC …). State-of-the-art competence in design, construction and testing of superconducting RF cavities and their cryomodules is essential for preparing these potential new projects. To this effect, CERN is re-establishing its capacities in SRF in general, maintaining its leading competence in thin film technology and fabrication techniques. SC magnet: HFM is a key technology enabling future accelerators ranging from high-energy hadron colliders, neutrino beams, ultra- high field MRI’s, medical accelerators including gantries. The CERN Superconducting magnet R&D is aiming at fostering this technology, maintaining existing and develop new unique worldwide testing facilities.
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25. Accelerator technologies and R&D (cont.)
AWAKE: The CERN AWAKE project leader coordinates the contributions from CERN departments and external laboratories worldwide. The organisation of CERN’s involvement is under the Directorate for Accelerators and Technology. The CERN project leader is the technical coordinator of the AWAKE Collaboration, which is steered by an international Collaboration Board with one representative per institute. Organisation SC-RF: All SRF R&D activities, including those under projects and operation, are coordinated centrally in the BE department. The activities at CERN are concentrated in BE-RF, EN-MME, TE-VSC and TE-CRG, under the supervision of the Directorate for Accelerators and Technology. SC magnet: All HFM R&D activities, including those under projects and operation, are coordinated centrally by the TE department, under the Directorate of Accelerators and Technology. AWAKE: The overall study progress for the design of AWAKE Run 2 depends strongly on the availability of CERN staff resources and fellows/students and contributions from outside institutes, while other CERN major projects during LS2, relying on the same core competences, are under construction or installation. Technical risks are linked to the progress in the studies of the high energy electron source and beam line, the plasma cell and diagnostics design. Additional risks are linked to the possible required enlargement of the AWAKE area, which will involve civil engineering works, and to the CNGS target area dismantling, which could have an impact on the Risks schedule and resources of AWAKE Run 2. SC-RF: SRF R&D addresses technologies that entail high risk, but also high potential of significant performance improvement in future accelerators. Progress and success depend on the availability of the facilities and on the allocation of human resources. It is assumed that the cryogenic capacity of testing facilities is compliant with the R&D programme for Superconducting RF at CERN. SC magnet: This R&D programme addresses technologies that entail high risk, but also high potential of significant performance improvement in future accelerators, as well as high societal impact. Progress and success depends on the availability of the facilities and on the allocation of human resources. AWAKE: Continued analysis and publication of AWAKE physics Run 1 data and benchmarking of plasma simulations; Development of a design for several meters long, scalable helicon plasma cells; Detailed studies and preparation works for AWAKE Run 2, optimisation studies for physics programme; Cost and Schedule Review for AWAKE Run 2 with approval for Run 2; Building of new equipment (rubidium vapor source, X-band components, diagnostics …). Integration of the Run 2 experiment civil engineering and infrastructure works; 2020 targets Continue studies on possible use of plasma wakefield acceleration technology for high energy physics as ‘exploratory study group’ within the Physics Beyond Collider Working Group. SC-RF: Consolidation of building 252: de-installation of existing clean room + baldachin, reinforcement of floor, installation of a new baldachin compatible with the needs of LHC, HIE-ISOLDE, and other coatings; Second generation of fast reactive tuner; Installation of magnetic shielding in V6 cryostat and commissioning of optical inspection system with different cavity geometries; Preparations in SM18 for crab cavity cryomodule tests in 2021;
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25. Accelerator technologies and R&D (cont.)
Increase the throughput of cold tests in SM18 (in view of the 2021 workload related to the crab cavities); Collaborate with LAL/Orsay on PERLE 800 MHz CM. SC magnet: Procurement of conductor (wire/tape), both LTS and HTS, as necessary for the development, and the manufacturing of small models and demonstrators & developments and characterisation of cable,performed at CERN (new cable geometries, supporting tests) and at collaborators (e.g. Roebel cable at KIT, large cables at LBNL); Technology developments for high-field magnets, on mock-ups, small model coils (Nb3Sn racetrack, HTS solenoids and racetracks). In particular expected test results on (a) conductor procured from world-wide sources alternative to HL-LHC, (b) 2020 targets manufacturing process modifications, (c) insulation systems; Demonstrator magnets: construction and test of 11 T cross-section-2 model (PIT), DEMO engineering (16 T target field, large cable), ASI spectrometer model coil, Feather-M2 insert test as stand-alone and in background field; Pursue the integration work of FRESCA2 in the superconductors laboratory (bdg. 163); Study of the development or procurement, and integration of a cryo-electrical test stations for measurements of superconductors (HTS and LTS) in fields of up to 18-20 T; Engineering of the background field magnet for a new test facility for insert testing, tooling procurement (HEPdipo); Study options for cabling work beyond the facilities available at CERN (up to 40 wires), laboratory or industry (limited options worldwide). Objective is to include larger cables (typically 60 strands) and cabling configurations for HTS (e.g. Roebel strander); The AWAKE experiment performs benchmarking tests using proton bunches to drive wake-fields, to understand the physics of the self-modulation process in plasma, to demonstrate high gradient acceleration of a bunch of electrons in the wake of a proton bunch and to pursue R&D studies towards the TeV frontier. Plans to develop further and run the experiment after LS2 (Run 2) as well as studies on high energy physics applications of this technology are in progress. Future SC-RF: Retain and develop the expertise necessary for the design, prototyping, fabrication and testing of superconducting RF prospects & equipment. Enable cutting-edge research for next generation of SRF cavities, complementary to the FCC programme: findings on longer term improved coatings may lead to cost-effective cavities, possible operation at optimised cryogenic temperatures may lead to reduced operational cost. Keep operational facilities needed for the running of LHC, HIE-ISOLDE and HL-LHC cavities. SC magnet: High-field cable and insert test facility for both LTS and HTS. Critical current test facility upgrade to 20 T. Design high- field transfer line magnet. Small size prototypes of alternative concepts for HFM, on the long-term with fast-ramping ability. Develop and characterise heat resistant instrumentation for magnet diagnostic and protection (e.g. distributed optical fibre sensors). Develop and characterise rad-hard insulation for HFM.
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25. Accelerator technologies and R&D (cont.)
Specific Health & Safety issues AWAKE: Installation work and operation will be carried out following the applicable safety rules and the ALARA principle. AWAKE: New acceleration technology and the acceleration of electrons to GeV levels in proton driven plasma wakefields for the first Outreach time have brought already many newspaper and media publications. The plasma cell test area in the CERN North Area has become a central visitor point for VIP visits.
Personnel Personnel Materials Total Comments (FTE) (kCHF) (kCHF) (kCHF)
Superconducting RF studies 2.5 425 2 005 2 430
CERN budget for Superconducting magnet 7.5 1 290 2 965 4 255 2020 R&D Proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration 9.3 1 285 1 815 3 100 (AWAKE) Other accelerator R&D 16.0 2 915 1 270 4 185
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26. R&D for future detectors
Instrumentation is a key ingredient for progress in experimental high energy physics. This project addresses a strategic research and development programme on detector technologies for future experiments. The results of this new R&D programme will be building blocks, demonstrators and prototypes, which will form the technological basis for possible new experiments and experiment upgrades beyond the LHC Phase II upgrades scheduled for Long Shutdown LS3. These include in particular technologies appropriate for Goal detectors at CLIC, FCC-ee and FCC-hh but also further upgrades of the LHC experiments. The main challenges come on the hadron collider side from the very high luminosity operation, leading to extreme pile-up, track density, radiation loads and data throughput, but also from the need for unprecedented precision in vertexing and tracking, combined with very low material budgets, and highly granular calorimetry on the lepton collider side. The programme targets the primary detector challenges together with the corresponding challenges in the domains of electronics, mechanics, cooling, magnets and software. Approval Clustering of all strategic detector development activities for future experiments under a single organisation within the Experimental Physics department, proposed to start in 2020. Partial funding included in the MTP published in 2018. Start date January 2020. Costs 50 MCHF over 5-year period (2020-2024) for materials and personnel. Running The running conditions mainly concern the use of test beams and irradiation facilities. In this context, the availability of beam time and conditions the efficient operation of these facilities are crucial for the success of the detector R&D programme. Detector requirements for future experiments, whether at the energy frontier, the luminosity frontier or the precision frontier, are increasingly challenging. To stay at the forefront of physics, these challenges have to be addressed in a long-term advanced detector Competitiveness R&D effort, to be carried out by the particle physics community as a whole. The EP R&D programme focuses on those technology areas where CERN has significant expertise and infrastructure and already plays a leading or unique role. The developments will be carried out jointly with external groups. Enlarging the collaborative efforts with other research institutes and with industrial partners is an integral part of the objectives. The Strategic EP Detector R&D is coordinated by the CERN Experimental Physics department, in close cooperation with detector Organisation development groups in the CERN member states and beyond. The selection of topics and the established work plans are the result of a transparent and open process, which took place in 2017-2018. The risks related to this activity mainly concern the availability of experts and financial resources, as well as the time scales. The project partially draws on expertise currently heavily engaged in construction projects, like HL-LHC. Particle physics depends on Risks industry for crucial deliverables (e.g. custom semiconductor, microelectronics and optoelectronics components), often with long lead times. Both factors add risk to the detector R&D and may stretch the inherent lead times even further. Timely and forward-looking R&D is therefore important. The targets for 2020 concern the active start-up of the programme and the corresponding transition from the previous phase, which 2020 targets featured dedicated experiment-specific funding for HL-LHC experiment upgrades and facility-specific funding for e.g. CLIC or FCC detectors. Reinforcing collaborative networks with research institutes and universities is part of the 2020
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26. R&D for future detectors (cont.)
objectives. The programme involves 8 work packages dedicated to the following technology aspects: 1) Silicon vertexing and tracking 2020 targets technologies, 2) Micropattern gas detectors, 3) Calorimetry and light-based detectors, 4) Detector mechanics and detector cooling, 5) Integrated circuits, with radiation validation of deep sub-micron CMOS technologies, 6) Radiation-hard optical links and silicon photonics, 7) Simulation and analysis software, 8) Magnets for experiments. The aim of this R&D is to achieve the full technological basis for experiments at future facilities like FCC-ee, FCC-hh and CLIC, as Future well as further upgrades of the LHC experiments beyond the Phase II upgrades already scheduled for LS3. The outcome is foreseen prospects & in the form of building blocks, demonstrators and prototypes, as proofs of feasibility to fulfil core detector requirements. The strategic longer term EP Detector R&D lays the ground for future implementations (and separate future funding) in experiment-specific designs and larger scale prototypes. Outreach None at this stage of the project. CERN The CERN contribution focuses on those technology areas where CERN has significant expertise and infrastructure and already plays contribution a leading or unique role. Facilitating and enlarging the collaborative efforts with other research institutes and with industrial partners is part of the CERN objectives.
Personnel Personnel Materials Total Comments CERN budget for (FTE) (kCHF) (kCHF) (kCHF) 2020 49.5 9 405 2 685 12 090
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27. Scientific diversity projects
27a. Neutrino platform
This heading covers a number of neutrino-related R&D activities: The main purpose is to provide to the experimental community an effective platform to develop at CERN a new generation of neutrino detectors based on various technologies; Test and qualify such detectors in test beams at the SPS; Assist the neutrino community in their efforts towards a short- and long-baseline type of neutrino experiments and infrastructures. These goals are in line with the 2013 European Strategy document (CERN-Council-S/106). Several activities have been approved as Goal experiments at CERN by the CERN Research Board (NP01, NP02, NP03, NP04, NP05). They require a phase of construction with very large prototypes/demonstrators which will need at CERN basic infrastructure support in term of buildings, test facilities, cryogenics infrastructure, etc. An extension of the North Area test facility has been constructed in 2016 to host these large detectors as well several buildings at CERN where the assembly can be done in optimal conditions. Technical support in fields like LAr cryogenics, where CERN has a unique expertise, will also be part of these activities. In a second phase two new experiments have been approved (NP06 and NP07), and two were extended (NP02 and NP04) (2019) with the goal of supporting with construction activities at CERN the effort of the Japanese and US neutrino programmes. Approval 2014 Start date Studies for future neutrino detectors: A design team has been set up during 2014 and has provided the basis for an effective start of the R&D activities in 2015. More refined details will be investigated and summarised in dedicated documents/publications. The funding of the neutrino programme reflects the commitments towards the US Short and Long Baseline Neutrino Facility project at Fermilab described in previous MTPs and a commitment towards the T2K Japanese programme. A flat funding profile has been assumed for the Neutrino Platform activities beyond 2020, while waiting for the outcome of the European Strategy update. About one quarter of the cost is related to basic infrastructure support (new North Area experimental extension in particular), another quarter is related to hosting at CERN neutrino physics detectors project and related R&D activities, including items such as integration of Costs services and cryogenics support. About half of the allocated resources will cover the in-kind delivery by CERN of the first cryostat for the LBNF/DUNE project to be operated in the underground neutrino laboratory to be constructed in South Dakota and the effort related to neutrino short baseline at FNAL. The CERN material budget foreseen for the Neutrino platform over the MTP period is 21.9 MCHF (from 2020 to 2024). In addition, 8.6 MCHF are planned for personnel on the same period. The Swiss contribution to the CERN Neutrino Platform finances the increase of the budget for the CERN in-kind contribution to be delivered to DoE/Fermilab in the context of the deployment of the infrastructure in support to the LBNF/Dune experiment. Running The design study for future neutrino detectors and facilities is envisaged as a global international collaboration effort. A collaboration conditions agreement with the US programme has been signed. Design studies are proceeding with the US partners at FNAL aiming at setting up possible synergies in neutrino physics between Europe and US, as indicated in the recent European Strategy document. Competitiveness The technologies developed within these programmes are crucial for potential future projects in the field. For example, LAr based Time Proportional Chambers are key technologies in the present plan for a long- and short-baseline neutrino project. LAr cryogenics,
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27a. Neutrino platform (cont.)
Competitiveness LAr purity, large cryostats assembly, and large solenoidal fields are a common denominator. State-of-the-art competence in design construction and testing of such technologies is essential for preparing these potential new large projects. Embedded within the CERN department structures with the project leader managing contributions from most CERN departments and Organisation external laboratories worldwide. The overall organisation falls under the Directorate for Research and Computing, via an overall project leader. Risks Today most of the risks associated rely on the readiness of the technology adopted for such unprecedented large-scale detectors. All prototype activities now under execution have the purpose to reduce in an important way the technological risks. The aim for 2020 is to continue to operate the large prototype constructed at CERN and start applying the lessons learned in order to 2020 targets initiate the large construction effort for LBNF/DUNE. For the first large cryostat of LBNF/DUNE the plan is to start the procurement of components and plan their assembly underground. For the Japanese programme, a new near detector will be constructed at CERN in collaboration with many European institutions. Future The aim is an effective start of the new generation of neutrino detectors R&D and development, which will take several years to mature prospects & towards a new generation of detector capable of meeting the challenges of a long-baseline type of experiment. Assist the community longer term in the preparation and construction of the short- and long-baseline experiments and facilities.
27b. Physics Beyond Colliders (PBC)
PBC is an exploratory study aimed at exploiting the full scientific potential of CERN's accelerator complex and its scientific infrastructure through projects complementary to the LHC, HL-LHC and other possible future colliders. These projects would target fundamental physics questions that are similar in spirit to those addressed by high-energy colliders, but that require different types of beams and experiments. Goal A kick-off workshop was held in September 2016 and identified a number of areas of interest. Following this meeting and consultation with the relevant communities, the study team has defined the structure and the main activities of the group and appointed conveners of thematic working groups. The scientific findings will be collected in a report to be delivered by the end of 2018. This document will also serve as input to the next update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics. Under the auspices of the PBC study are the feasibility studies for the SPS Beam Dump Facility (BDF). Resources for these studies were included in the 2016 MTP. Approval Presented to Council 2016 Start date 6 September 2016 (Physics Beyond Colliders kick-off). Including the Beam Facility feasibility studies, the current allocated CERN staff resources are 6 man-years complemented by students Costs and M to P transfers for fellows. The required personnel is secured. The material cost to completion of the PBC and BDF studies including students, M to P transfers for fellows, CERN funding, is 10.3 MCHF up to 2024. The PBC study is assumed to accommodate external contributions complementing the resources from CERN.
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27b. Physics Beyond Colliders (PBC) (cont.)
The PBC study should provide input for the future of CERN’s scientific diversity programme, which today consists of several facilities and experiments at the Booster, PS and SPS, over the period until ~2040. Complementarity with similar initiatives elsewhere in the Competitiveness world should be sought, so as to optimise the resources of the discipline globally, create synergies with other laboratories andinstitutions, and attract the international community. CERN should be well placed to exploit opportunities that are identified for implementation. Risks In the long-term, failure to support the studies will put at risk CERN’s capability to fully exploit the complex, and its expertise, in a developing physics landscape. The main deliberations of the European Particle Physics Strategy Update (EPPSU) will take place in 2019. Key PBC deliverables will be presented in support of the process. Following the EPPSU conclusions, a down selection of PBC options being pursued thus far 2020 targets is foreseen in 2020. Continued support for some of those options targeted for further development may continue under PBC coordination with generic PBC support; others may continue under the aegis of existing frameworks; others may be realised as projects in their own right. Future prospects & The long-term vision for the exploitation of the accelerator complex is to be explored. Backed by strong physics case, initiatives longer term pursued could provide a valuable to complement to CERN’s collider programme.
27c. EU supported computing R&D
On-going projects: AARC2, ARCHIVER, DEEP-EST, EOSC-Hub, EOSCsecretariat.eu, OpenAIRE-Advance, OpenAIRE-Connect, Up To University (UP2U), Xtreme Data Cloud (XDC), Open Clouds for Research Environments (OCRE), European Science Cluster of Astronomy & Particle physics ESFRI research infrastructures (ESCAPE). CERN-IT actively contributed to defining the direction and scope of the European Open Science Cloud by participating in EC organised Activities events and authoring influential documents that were endorsed by the DG’s of the EIROForum members. Via HNSciCloud, the commercial cloud services providers have made significant IaaS capacity available for the pilot phase deployment that supports HEP use-cases. Based on our participation in EGI, EUDAT and Indigo-DataClouds, we were invited to become a funded partner in the XDC and EOSC-Hub projects. Ensure the distributed computing infrastructure deployed by the LCG project can continue to support the increasing data quantities and processing needs of the Laboratory’s physics programme. Expand CERN’s influence in a range of scientific disciplines through Goal distributed computing, exascale data management, open access digital repositories and participation in the European Open Science Cloud. Explore means for introducing commercial cloud services to support the Organization’s scientific programme. Risks The results of the European Parliament elections in 2019 may impact priorities and funding for the Horizon Europe research and innovation framework programme. 2020 targets Ensure that CERN’s computing interests are taken into account in the planning of the future Horizon Europe funding programme.
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27c. EU supported computing R&D (cont.)
Future prospects & Interacting with the DG RTD and DG CNECT will hopefully lead to funding opportunities being included in Horizon Europe. longer term
27d. Support to external facilities
CERN’s support to other organisations such as FAIR, ITER, ESS, etc., for which some partial external funding exists are grouped Activities under this heading. Personnel detached to and working on this external support compromises the available workforce for CERN’s core activities. Risks There are no identified risks for CERN, as, in the context of this fact sheet, CERN is providing support and expertise to other institutions.
27. Total Scientific diversity projects
Personnel Personnel Materials Total Comments (FTE) (kCHF) (kCHF) (kCHF) Neutrino platform 14.6 2 645 11 315 13 960 CERN budget for Physics Beyond Colliders 0.9 180 285 465 2020 EU supported computing 8.8 1 160 2 760 3 920 R&D Support to external facilities 3.4 670 925 1 595
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2. LIST OF ACRONYMS
Acronym Meaning Complementary information Authentication and Authorisation for Research A AARC and Collaboration
ABCstar ATLAS Binary Chip, built in a 130 nm process
Decelerator in use since 2000, decelerating the antiproton beam from the AD Antiproton Decelerator Momentum of 3.57 GeV/c to 100 MeV/c. Antihydrogen Experiment: Gravity, AEgIS Interferometry, Spectroscopy AF Architects Forum Coordination of common application – part of the LHC Grid organisation. Advanced European Infrastructures for AIDA Detectors at Accelerators
Concept or philosophy that assumes that there is no “safe” dose of radiation. Under this assumption, the probability for harmful biological effects increases with increased radiation dose, no matter how small. Therefore, it is important ALARA As Low As Reasonably Achievable to keep radiation doses to affected populations (for example, radiation workers, minors, visitors, students, members of the general public, etc.) as low as is reasonably achievable.
ALFA ATLAS Forward Detector ALICE A Large Ion Collider Experiment Experiment at the LHC. ALPHA Antihydrogen Laser Physics Apparatus Archiving and Preservation for Research ARCHIVER Environments ARCON Area Controller Accelerator Research and Innovation for ARIES European Science and Society LHCf detector with 2 towers 24 cm long stacked on their edges and offset from Arm2 one another.
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Acronym Meaning Complementary information Atomic Spectroscopy And Collisions Using ASACUSA Slow Antiprotons ASICs Application Specific Integrated Circuit Advanced Telecommunication Computing ATCA Architecture ATF2 Accelerator Test Facility ATLAS A Toroidal LHC ApparatuS Experiment at the LHC. ATRAP The Antihydrogen trap ATS Accelerator and Technology sector Accelerator and Technology Management ATSMB Board The AWAKE project has been proposed as an approach to accelerate an AWAKE Advanced WAKefield Experiment electron beam to the TeV energy regime in a single plasma section. B Beam size at the interaction point BASE Baryon Antibaryon Symmetry Experiment BDF Beam Dump Facility BE Beams department BE-RF BE Radio-Frequency group BIC Business Incubation Centres BINP Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics Replacement for the FEAST2 family of converters tailored at the radiation BPOL environment of the LHC trackers. CMS Beam Radiation Instrumentation and BRIL Luminosity C CAST CERN Axion Solar Telescope A solar axion search using a decommissioned LHC test magnet. CB Collaboration Board CBD Cumulative Budget Deficit CC Crab Cavities
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Acronym Meaning Complementary information CDR Conceptual Design Report CECP China Energy Conservation Programme Conseil Européen pour la Recherche CERN European Organization for Particle physics. Nucléaire CernVM Virtual Software Appliance for LHC applications. CEPS CERN Environmental Protection Steering A mixed-field facility for radiation test on CHARM electronics CERN Linear Electron Accelerator for CLEAR Research CLIC Compact Linear Collider PS 215 experiment or CLOUD (Cosmics A study of the link between cosmic rays and clouds with a cloud chamber at CLOUD Leaving Outdoor Droplets) the CERN PS. CMOS Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor CMS Compact Muon Solenoid Experiment at the LHC. Communications Networks,Content and CNECT Technology Common Muon and Proton Apparatus for COMPASS Structure and Spectroscopy (NA58 High-energy physics experiment at the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS). experiment) CP Charge and Parity CPU Central Processing Unit CERN Radiation Monitoring Electronics CROME project C-RRB (LHC) Computing Resources Review Board C-RSG Computing Resources Scrutiny Group CSAP Complex Safety Advisory Panel CtC Cost to completion CTF3 CLIC Test Facility
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Acronym Meaning Complementary information D DAQ Data Acquisition System DC-to-DC converter is an electronic circuit or electromechanical device that converts a source of direct current (DC) from one voltage level to another. It DC-DC converters is a type of electric power converter. Power levels range from very low (small batteries) to very high (high-voltage power transmission). DCS Detector Control System DEEP-EST DEEP - Extreme Scale Technologies DG Director-General Directorate-General for Communications DG CNECT Networks, Content and Technology (EU) Directorate-General for Research and DG RTD Innovation (EU) Diodes Insulation & Superconducting DISMAC MAgnets Consolidation DOE Department of Energy (USA) Drell-Yan The Drell–Yan process occurs in high energy hadron–hadron scattering. DT Detector Technologies DTH Data Trigger Hub DUNE Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment E EA East Area EC European Commission ECAL Electromagnetic CALorimeter Calorimeter part of CMS. ECO Education and Communication Group ECS Experiment Control System EDM Electric Dipole Moment
EDR Engineering Design Review
EIB European Investment Bank
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Acronym Meaning Complementary information European International Research EIROForum Organisations Forum Europe-Japan Accelerator Development E-JADE Exchange Programme ELENA is a compact ring for cooling and further deceleration of 5.3 MeV ELENA Extra Low Energy Antiprotons antiprotons delivered by the CERN Antiproton Decelerator (AD). EM Electromagnetic EN Engineering Department EN-EA EN Experimental Area group EN-MME EN Mechanical & Materials Engineering group Enhanced NeUtrino BEams from kaon ENUBET Tagging Integrating and managing services for the EOSC-Hub European Open Science Cloud EP Experimental Physics Department EP-AGS EP Administration and General Services EP-DT EP Detector Technologies group EP-ESE EP Electronic Systems to Experiments group EP-SME EP Small and Medium Experiments EP SoFTware Development for Experiments EP-SFT group EPIC Exploiting the Potential of ISOLDE at CERN EPPSU European Particle Physics Strategy Update ERC European Research Council ERP Enterprise Resource Planning European Science Cluster of Astronomy & ESCAPE Particle physics ESFRI research infrastructures ESPP European Strategy for Particle Physics
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Acronym Meaning Complementary information Project to realise a research centre in Lund (Sweden) for the study of materials ESS European Spallation Source using beams of slow neutrons. EU is used in this document as short form for EU commission supported EU European Union project. Horizon 2020 project EUDAT: the collaborative Pan-European infrastructure EUDAT2020 EUropean DATa providing research data services, training and consultancy for researches, research communities and research infrastructures and data centres. European Circular Energy-Frontier Collider EuroCirCol Study EVM Earned Value Management Finance and Administrative Processes F FAP Department FASER ForwArd Search ExpeRiment at the LHC fb-1 Inverse Femtobarn A measure of the integrated luminosity. FCC Future Circular Collider FDR Final Design Review FE Front-End Single-phase synchronous buck converter developed to provide an efficient FEAST Front-End ASIC for SuperNemo Tracker solution for the distribution of power in High Energy Physics experiments. FELIX Interfacing to Front-End Links Fondation des Immeubles Pour les Non-profit organisation in Geneva to help International Organisations with FIPOI Organisations Internationales office space via financing solutions, renting and consulting. FIRIA Fire Risk Assessment of CERN facilities FIT Fast Interaction Trigger Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory FNAL (Fermilab) FP7 Framework Programme 7 FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array Facility for the REception of Superconducting FRESCA2 CAbles
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Acronym Meaning Complementary information This includes everybody who is not unavailable due to leave entitlements built FTA Active Full Time Equivalent up in the past. FTE Full Time Equivalent FUture SUperconducting MAgnet FUSUMATECH TECHnology Research programme with the Antiproton Decelerator (AD) allowing to G GBAR Gravitational Behavior of Antihydrogen at Rest prepare a measurement of the effect of gravity on antihydrogen atoms. GBT GigaBit Transceiver GDB Grid Deployment Board Dedicated board for the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid. The GeantV project aims at developing a high performance detector GeantV simulation system integrating fast and full simulation that can be ported on different computing architectures, including CPU accelerators. GEM Gas Electron Multiplier GeV Giga electron Volt GLIMOS Group Leader In Matters Of Safety GSI General Safety Instruction GUI Graphical User Interface H HB RBX HCAL Barrel readout boxes HE-LHC The High-Energy LHC ICHEP (International Conference on HEP), EPS-HEP (Europhysics HEP High-Energy Physics conference on HEP),IHEP (Institute for High Energy Physics). Forward, one of CMS Hadron Calorimeter HF subdetectors HGCal High Granularity Calorimeter HGC HGTD High Granularity Timing Detector HFM High Field Magnets HIE-ISOLDE High Intensity and Energy ISOLDE HiRadMat High-Radiation to Materials
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Acronym Meaning Complementary information HL-LHC High Luminosity LHC High-Level Trigger combines and processes the full information from all major HLT High Level Trigger detectors of ALICE in a large computer cluster. High Momentum Particle Identification HMPID Part of the ALICE detector. Detector HNSciCloud Helix Nebula Science Cloud HR Human Resources Department Occupational Health and Safety and HSE Environmental Protection Unit HTS High Temperature Superconductor HVAC Heating Ventilation Airconditioning Cooling I IaaS Infrastructure as a service IC Integrated Circuit Injectors and Experimental Facilities IEFC Committee ILC International Linear Collider Integrated Sustainable Pan-European INSPIRE Infrastructure for Researchers in Europe ISOLDE and Neutron Time-of-flight INTC experiments Committee IP Intellectual Property IpGBT Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor IP1, IP2, IP5, IP8 Collision points IP1: at ATLAS, IP2: at ALICE, IP5: at CMS, IP8: at LHCb. International Public Sector Accounting IPSAS Standards IPT Industry, Procurement & Knowledge Transfer IR Interaction Regions IR International Relations sector IRRAD New CERN Proton Irradiation Facility
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Acronym Meaning Complementary information Facility dedicated to the production of a large variety of radioactive ion beams for many different experiments in the fields of nuclear and atomic physics, ISOLDE On-Line Isotope Mass Separator solid-state physics, materials science and life sciences. The facility is located at the PS Booster (PSB). IT Information Technology Department International Thermonuclear Experimental ITER Reactor ITK Inner Tracker ITS Inner Tracking System J JLAB Thomas Jefferson National Laboratory High Energy Accelerator Research K KEK Organisation KIT Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KPI Key Performance Indicator KT Knowledge Transfer L LAL/Orsay Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire Orsay LBNF Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility LBNL Berkeley Lab LC Linear Collider LCC Linear Collider Collaboration Global collaboration linking grid infrastructures and computer centres LCG LHC Computing Grid worldwide.
LEIR turns low-intensity ion pulses injected from CERN’s Linac 3 into high- LEIR Low Energy Ion Ring density bunches which are accelerated from 4.2 MeV/u to 72 MeV/u.
LHC Large Hadron Collider http://public.web.cern.ch/public/en/LHC/LHC-en.html LHC-CSAP LHC Complex Safety Adivsory Panel LHCb Large Hadron Collider beauty experiment Experiment at the LHC.
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Acronym Meaning Complementary information LHCC Large Hadron Collider Committee Verification of interaction model for very high energy cosmic ray at 1017 eV. LHCf Large Hadron Collider forward experiment The LHCf experiment uses forward particles created inside the LHC as a source to simulate cosmic rays in laboratory conditions. Linac2 LINear Accelerator 2 50 MeV linear accelerator for protons in use since September 1978. Linac3 LINear Accelerator 3 4.2 MeV/u Heavy Ion Linac in use since 1994. 160 MeV linear accelerator that is built to replace Linac2 as injector to the PS Linac4 LINear Accelerator 4 Booster (PSB). LIU LHC Injectors Upgrade project LoI Letter of Intention LPCC LHC Physics Centre at CERN LpGBT Low Power GigaBit Transceiver LS1 Long Shutdown 1 Shutdown of the accelerator complex in 2013-2014. LS2 Long Shutdown 2 Shutdown of the accelerator complex in 2019-2020. LS3 Long Shutdown 3 Shutdown of the accelerator complex in 2023-2025. LTS Low Temperature Superconductor M MAPP MoEDAL Apparatus for Penetrating Particles MB Management Board MCH Muon Chambers MCHF Million Swiss Franc MDT Monitored Drift Tubes Recuperation of the dumped CERN protons for the production of medical MEDICIS Medical isotopes collected from ISOLDE isotopes in the ISOLDE class A work sector. MFT Muon Forward Tracker MKI Injection kicker MMT Magnetic Monopole Trapper M&O Maintenance and Operation
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Acronym Meaning Complementary information
Detector of the LHC that searches for the massive stable (or pseudo-stable) MoEDAL Monopole and Exotics Detector At the LHC particles, such as magnetic monopoles or dyons, produced at the LHC.
MoU Memorandum of Understanding For Maintenance and Operation of the LHCb Detector. M&P Materials and Personnel Readout ASIC for pixelated sensor which includes high complexity digital logic MPA Macro Pixel ASIC for particle selection and very low power density. MPGD Micro-Pattern Gas Detectors MQXF Q1, Q2 and Q3 magnets MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging MUCTPI Muon-to-Central-Trigger-Processor Interface MTP Medium-Term Plan MW MegaWatt N NA North Area NA58 North Area 58 experiment or COMPASS Common Muon and Proton Apparatus for Structure and Spectroscopy. Study of Hadron Production in Hadron-Nucleus and Nucleus-Nucleus NA61 North Area 61 experiment or SHINE Collisions at the CERN SPS. NA62 North Area 62 experiment Experiment to measure the very rare kaon decay K+-> π+ nu nubar. Continued investigation of scattering of high energy particles in crystalline NA63 North Area 63 experiment structures. Fixed-target experiment at the CERN SPS combining the active beam dump NA64 North Area 64 experiment or P348 and missing energy techniques to search for rare events.
Nb3Sn Niobium-Tin NDT Nuclear Track Detector system (MoEDAL) NTD Nuclear Track Detectors n_TOF is a pulsed neutron source coupled to a 200 m flight path designed to n_TOF neutron Time-Of-Flight facility study neutron-nucleus interactions for neutron kinetic energies ranging from a few meV to several GeV.
136 Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024
Acronym Meaning Complementary information
Upgrade of the Online – Offline computing O O2 system
O2/FLP O2 First Level Processors
O2/PDP O2 Plasma Display Panel OB Overview Board Dedicated board for LHC computing. OpenAIRE- Open Access Infrastructure Research Horizon 2020 project. Advance Information Advancing Open Scholarship OpenAIRE- OpenAIRE- Connect will introduce and implement the concept of Open
Connect Science as a Service (OSaaS) on top of the existing OpenAIRE infrastructure. Open Clouds for Research OCRE Horizon 2020 project. Environments Optical Search of QED vacuum magnetic OSQAR birefringence, Axion and photon Regeneration
OT Outer Tracker
Collisions between one parton from the proton and the color fields of the P pA collisions Proton-nucleus collisions nucleus. PBC Physics Beyond Colliders Pb82 Lead ion PCB Printed Circuit Board PCC Prevessin Computing Centre PDR Preliminary Design Review PESS Project and Experiment Safety Support PIMMS-2 Proton Ions Medical Machine Study PLC Programmable Logic Controller An expression to describe total expenses i.e. combined expenses in P+M Personnel and Materials personnel and materials costs.
Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024 137
Acronym Meaning Complementary information POPS Power for PS A novel 60 MW Pulsed Power System based on Capacitive Energy Storage. pp proton-proton PPE Property, Plant and Equipment PS Proton Synchrotron PS 215 experiment or CLOUD (Cosmics A study of the link between cosmic rays and clouds with a cloud chamber at PS 215 Leaving Outdoor Droplets) the CERN PS. PSB Proton Synchrotron Booster PyROOT Python bindings to ROOT Q QCD Quantum ChromoDynamics QED Quantum Electrodynamics QUACO QUAdrupole Corrector
The goal of the R2E Project is to study and propose mitigation actions (e.g. relocation or redesign of equipment, shielding, etc.) with the aim of increasing R R2E Radiation to Electronics the mean time between failures of the LHC machine to one week for failures of controls electronics caused by radiation at ultimate beam conditions.
RCS Research and Computing sector RCS-SIS Scientific Information Service group R&D Research and Development Collaboration aiming at the design and produce the next generation of readout RD53 chips for the ATLAS and CMS pixel detector upgrades at the HL-LHC. RF Radio Frequency RFD RF-Dipole RHIC Relativistic Heavyy Ion Collider RICH Ring Imaging CHerenkov detector RILIS Resonance Ionization Laser Ion Source ROOT Framework for data processing. RP Radiation Protection
138 Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024
Acronym Meaning Complementary information RP Roman Pot RPs Resource Provisioning Services RRB Resources Review Board RTD Research & Technological Development S SC Super Conducting SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition SciFi Scintillating Fibre SCM Super Conducting Magnet R&D Sponsoring Consortium for Open Access SCOAP3 Publishing in Particle Physics SEU Single Event Upset Study of Hadron Production in Hadron-Nucleus and Nucleus-Nucleus SHINE North Area 61 experiment or SHINE Collisions at the CERN SPS. SMB Site Management and Buildings SPC Scientific Policy Committee SPS Super Proton Synchrotron SPSC Super Proton Synchrotron Committee Superconducting Quantum Interference SQUID Device SRF Superconducting Radio Frequency Readout ASIC for strip sensor which features high speed synchronous SSA Short Strip ASIC communication. SSM Seeded Self-Modulation Science, Technology, Engineering, and STEM Mathematics STFC Science & Technology Facilities Council
Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024 139
Acronym Meaning Complementary information
Underground laboratory near Lead, South Dakota, which houses multiple SURF Sanford Underground Research Facility physics experiments in areas such as dark matter and neutrino research.
SWAN Service for Web based ANalysis
Neutrino experiment in Japan designed to investigate how neutrinos change T T2K from one flavour to another as they travel. http://t2k-experiment.org/
TAN Neutral Beam Absorber TDAQ Trigger and Data Acquisition TDIS New injection protection absorber. TDR Technical Design Report TE Technology department TE-CRG Cryogenics Group TE-VSC Vacuum, Surfaces and Coatings Group TeV Tera electron Volt TH Theoretical Physics Department Tier-0 First layer of the computing grid The first layer is the CERN Computing Centre.
These are large computer centres with sufficient storage capacity and with Tier-1 Second layer of the computing grid round-the-clock support for the Grid. There are currently 11 of these centres.
The Tier 2s are typically universities and other scientific institutes, which can Tier-2 Third layer of the computing grid store sufficient data and provide adequate computing power for specific analysis tasks. There are currently 129 Tier 2 centres globally.
Hybrid active pixel detectors, which were developed within the Medipix Timepix collaboration
140 Medium-Term Plan for the period 2020-2024
Acronym Meaning Complementary information TOF Time of Flight TOTal cross section, Elastic scattering and TOTEM diffraction dissociation Measurement at the Experiment at the LHC. LHC TPC Time Projection Chamber TRIUMF Canada's particle accelerator centre TRT Transition Radiation Tracker TTC Timing, Trigger and Control Timing, Trigger and Control – Passive Optical TTC-PON Upgrade for off-detector TTC. Network U UP2U Up To University Horizon 2020 project. US Unites States UT Upstream Tracker V VELO VErtex LOcator detector Part of the LHCb detector. Velopix New hybrid pixel readout ASIC for the LHCB VELO LS2 upgrade. VFAT Very Forward ATLAS–TOTEM VFE Very Front-End VIC Joint Inspection Visit VIP Very Important Person VLPlus Versatile Link PLUS V3Si Vanadium-Silicon W WLCG Worldwide LHC Computing Grid Flexible and scalable infrastructure for designing complex control and data X xTCA acquisition systems. XDC Xtreme Data Cloud Horizon 2020 project.