Feminist Archive South LGBT+ Feminist Movements
Contents
1) Introduction
2) Workshop plan
3) Facilitator crib-sheet
4) Archive sources
5) Archive sources questions
6) Timeline to print
7) Bibliography
Powerpoint presentation available on TES
Authors: Elissa O’Connell
T.I.G.E.R Co-op
Credit: With thanks to Cheryl Morgan, OutStories Bristol. Feminist Archive South LGBT+ Feminist Movements: Introduction
Hatpins to Hashtags These LGBT+ feminist resources were created by TIGER and the Feminist Archive South at the University of Bristol and funded by the Government Equalities Office.
The Hatpins to Hashtags project enabled young people to participate in the Centenary of Women’s Suffrage by engaging with women’s activism and the democratic process.
In 2018 we engaged over 300 young people to use the Feminist Archive to think critically about gender equality over the last century and draw courage from historical campaigns to make their own voices heard.
The workshops were delivered in schools, colleges and youth groups across the South West and young people’s work was displayed alongside our touring exhibition of posters Politics and Protest. These learning opportunities enabled young people to connect LGBT+ and feminist activism through a creative, archival exploration of the Women’s Liberation Movement.
Intersectionality, inclusivity and solidarity LGBT+ Feminist Movements will share how exploring archives can teach us about the connections between the Gay and Women’s Liberation Movements and stimulate vital discussion about intersectionality, inclusivity and solidarity in activism.
This interactive workshop will also demonstrate how creative methods can bring archives to life and mobilise activism, with participants creating their own demands for equality using badge-making as a DIY method for communication.
In workshops delivered by FAS and TIGER, we analysed a range of posters and texts from our exhibition and handling collection.
Due to the nature of archives and copyright, the extracts are restricted in these digitally shared resources.
However, if you would like the Feminist Archive South to bring this workshop to life with a full range of sources including posters, pamphlets, letters and photographs- get in contact to enquire about our workshop delivery.
Email [email protected]. Feminist Archive South LGBT+ Feminist Movements: Introduction (cont.)
WHO ARE WE? The Feminist Archive South (FAS) is based at the University of Bristol and documents international feminist movements through over 160 metres of diverse archive materials including oral histories, pamphlets, posters and periodicals that tell the story of how activists struggled for gender equality.
We hold one of the most significant collections of women’s activist histories in the UK. Our workshops are developed by qualified teachers specialised in teaching ages 16-19. We understand the importance of building on prior learning, differentiation and devising workshops which complement the curriculum.
In partnership with:
TIGER (Teaching Individuals Gender Equality & Respect) is a Bristol based not-for-profit co-operative working for young people by delivering a comprehensive programme of workshops that address gender-based barriers to well- being and well-rounded futures within school and beyond.
The Hatpins to Hashtags project was a 3-strand project taking place across the South West, funded by the Government Equalities Office and supported by Special Collections at the University of Bristol. The three project strands were: Educate: Feminist Futures educational workshops Participate: Digital Democracy skills workshops Celebrate: Politics and Protest touring exhibition Why ‘Hatpins to Hashtags’? In the early 20th century the hatpin, a decorative pin for holding a hat to the head, was considered an international threat following its use by Suffragettes to defend themselves from assault. In the early 21st century social media hashtags such as #MeToo, #EverydaySexism and #SayHerName have provided tools for women to speak out against gender-based violence.
The Hatpins to Hashtags project is about young people reclaiming the tools for democracy and making their voices heard.
GET IN TOUCH Our workshops and resources aimed towards students aged 16+ include:
• A Level History: the Personal is Political • A Level Sociology: Gender roles, Stereotypes and Socialisation • A Level Art: Art and Activism • A Level English Lit/Lang: Rewriting Herstory • LGBTQ Feminist Movements suitable for LGBTQ youth groups and PSHEE
Our workshops are usually 2-3 hours long but can be tailored to lesson time.
To find out more or to book one of our workshops email: Ellie at [email protected] Feminist Archive South LGBT+ Feminist Movements: Workshop Plan
LGBT+ Feminist Movements Workshop: 2 hrs Aims
• To explore feminist and queer archives with LGBT+ young people and facilitate discussion around intersectionality, inclusivity and solidarity in activism then and now • To learn about the connections between the Gay and Women’s Liberation Movements and LGBT+ struggles today • To inspire LGBT+ young people create their own demands for equality using DIY creative methods
5 mins Introduction Explain that you are using a resource designed by TIGER and the Feminist Archive South and who they are.
10 mins Names and pronouns
• Do a go round of names, pronouns and one thing they are excited about this week or something that frustrates them/a pet hate about gender inequality. • If anyone doesn’t want to say their pronoun they are welcome to pass. As with all of the workshop, activities are an invitation, and nobody should feel pressure to contribute to anything they don’t feel they want to. • Explain Group Guidelines
20 mins LGBT+ Feminist Timeline Print out of historical events • Explain we are going to play a game where we get to explore when different important events in feminist and LGBTQ+ history/herstory have happened. Use the Facilitator • Hand out all the events/legislation print outs, one per person or per pair crib-sheet, but don’t (depending on numbers), then ask them to arrange themselves in order along let them see the an imaginary timeline, while discussing with each other. This can either be by answers! them holding them and standing in position, placing the sheets on the floor or attaching to a ribbon timeline. Optional: • Start at the beginning of the timeline and tell each person if their event date A long ribbon or is correct or not, and if so, where it comes on the timeline. You may want to piece of string approx read some of the extra information on each milestone/event as you go along/ 10m long. If you have have a helper read for you. space tie across the room. • Ask them if there’s anything that surprises or shocks them? Facilitate discussion around any surprises in the dates, and any extra information - e.g. links to grassroots activism, as and when they arise. • Ask them where they see connections between the Women’s Liberation Movement and the Gay Liberation Movement on the timeline. Some are more obvious e.g. WLM demand to a self- defined sexuality, and others less so, e.g. the right to control and make choices about your own body (Abortion Act, GRA), how patriarchy and the privileging of heterosexual reproduction oppresses everyone, especially women and queer people. Mention how a lot of the original criminalisation originated from British colonial rule – e.g. India, which decriminalised homosexuality this year. Feminist Archive South LGBT+ Feminist Movements: Workshop Plan
10 mins LGBTQ+ involvement in Women’s Liberation Movement *Use Powerpoint slides to help*
• The Lavender Menace; an informal group of lesbian radical feminists formed to protest the exclusion of lesbians and lesbian issues from the feminist movement at the Second Congress to Unite Women in New York City on May 1, 1970. Widely remembered as a turning-point in the second-wave feminist movement, and as a founding moment for lesbian feminism. • Next boundary was Trans-inclusion. Throughout the 1970s there was a significant amount of resistance within the feminist movement to trans people, prompted by a fear that trans-inclusion could potentially undermine feminist theory and ideology. However, there was also plenty of support (see Sandy Stone and Stephen Whittle’s stories). • The kind of feminism we, as TIGER and FAS find ourselves at today is intersectional feminism. This means a feminism that fights for everyone - working class, people of colour, LGBTQ+, disabled etc. • Explain intersectionality/intersectional feminism to make sure everyone understands.
25 mins Archival Research: (7 archive sources and Print archive sources and questions. Cut up questions) each set of questions.
Hopefully through this activity you have seen how much We chose these 7 sources to be as social change is happening all of the time. Sometimes it representative and intersectional as possible can feel like we are stuck with the way that things are - but and the questions vary in difficulty. when we take an historical perspective, we can see that we are winning battles all of the time. Depending on the size of the group you could use all or some of the sources. We can learn a lot from the historical struggles of the past and use them to build our own campaigns for a better, We provide hints for the questions to the more just world today. first 2 sources.
In the next activity we are going to look at some materials Give each group an archive source and a set from the Feminist Archive South to see how people in the of corresponding questions. past have campaigned on a number of different LGBTQ+ issues.
Split the group into small groups of 2-4 people. Give each group one of the archive sources and 20 mins to read through and answer the questions. Feminist Archive South LGBT+ Feminist Movements: Workshop Plan
25 mins Archival Research: (7 archive sources and questions) (continued) (cont.) Source 1: CHE resource Questions: • Look at the 5 points under ‘2. The Law’ - what has changed since this was published? • (Hints: think back to timeline activity – lots of legislation, more visibility for LGBTQ+ folks in the media, social taboos and ethics) • What still needs to change? • (Hints still inequality in the media, still plenty of homophobia: Stonewall 2017: More than one in five LGBT people have experienced a hate crime or incident due to their sexual orientation or gender identity in the last 12 months)?
Possible extension questions: • What tools did they have available to them when this resource was created? • (Hints meetings, gatherings, DIY art, flyering, protest, essays, zines) • What tools do we have available to us now, and how can we use them to tackle issues in today’s society? • (Hints: internet – can potentially reach the whole world – vlogging, hashtags, Twitter, websites – can find a community anywhere in the world and share advice and support.)
Source 2: Lesbian Summer School Questions (related to the event, rather than just the poster for it): • What does this tell us about the issues that LGBTQ+ feminists were facing at that time? • How are those issues the same or different from today? What still needs to change? • (Hints: still inequality in the media, still plenty of homophobia and transphobia: Stonewall 2018: More than a third of all transgender people in the UK have been victims of a hate crime in the past 12 months)
Possible extension questions: • What tools did they have available to them when this event took place (approx late 1970s, early 80s)? • (Hints: meetings, gatherings, DIY art, flyering, protest, essays, zines) • What tools do we have available to us now, and how can we use them to tackle issues in today’s society? • (Hints: internet – can potentially reach the whole world – vlogging, hashtags, Twitter, websites – can find a community anywhere in the world and share advice and support.)
Feedback: • Once they have finished discussing in groups, get them to feedback some points from their • conversations. • If they find it difficult ask them what they found interesting or different about looking at archive sources. Feminist Archive South LGBT+ Feminist Movements: Workshop Plan
45 mins Activity 3: Creative Badge Making Badges- either hire a badge maker from a local scrapstore or you can buy big badges • Think back to the themes of the workshop- activism, you can customise online. feminist and LGBT+ solidarity, inclusivity and Paper intersectionality. What still needs to change? Pens Colouring pencils • Taking inspiration from your conversations, get Scissors creative and make some activist badges! Stapler • Draw as many badge designs as you want and turn Badges your favourite into an actual badge. • Take some photos of the badges and share on social media with some hashtags if you want to.
10 mins Plenary: LGBT+ Feminist Futures Hopefully they’ve got an impression of how LGBT+ and feminist activism have always • Mention that wearing badges can be brave and been connected and the importance of important acts of solidarity. solidarity, inclusivity and intersectionality. • Ask participants to share their badge and what it means to them. Importantly, a lot of this progress was made • What demands would they make for equality? through grassroots activism and DIY action, which shows the power we all have. Feminist Archive South LGBT+ Feminist Movements: Teacher’s Notes
Representation of the People Act - 1918 Thanks to the determined campaigns of the Suffrage movement, women over 30 who owned property/married to property owner gained the vote.
Representation of the People (Equal Franchise) Act- 1928 All women over 21 gained the vote.
First known British trans woman to undergo reassignment surgery and have her birth certificate changed - 1951 Roberta Cowell. A Spitfire pilot in the Second World War and a racing driver and engineer after transitioning. (note: Michael Dillon was the first trans man to have his birth certificate changed in 1944. He then went on to become the first white European man ordained in the Tibetan Buddhist tradition!)
Being gay stops being a crime - 1967 Interestingly, it has never been written in to law that it is illegal for women to be gay, the law was specific to the act of male on male sex. It was thought that making lesbian sex illegal would draw attention to it and encourage women to be lesbians. Being gay is decriminalised in 1967.
Abortion Legalised - 1967 Abortion was legalised in Great Britain in 1967, however, this law did not include Northern Ireland or Ireland. Abortion is still illegal in Northern Ireland in almost every circumstance, including when the pregnancy is a result of rape or incest, and when the foetus has a fatal abnormality that means it would not survive outside of the womb. A recent victory was won to legalise abortion in Ireland, when 66% of the population voted to ‘repeal the 8th’ which is the law which made abortion illegal. This was the result of a lot of campaigning and awareness raising by various feminist individuals and organisations. Feminist Archive South LGBT+ Feminist Movements: Teacher’s Notes
Stonewall Riots - June 1969 A series of spontaneous, violent demonstrations by members of the gay (LGBT) community against a police raid that took place in the early morning hours of June 28, 1969, at the Stonewall Inn in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. They are widely considered to constitute the most important event leading to the gay liberation movement and the modern fight for LGBT rights in the United States.
Equal Pay for Equal Work (The Equal Pay Act) - 1970 Thanks in large part to strike action by female sewing machinists at a Ford factory The Equal Pay Act was introduced in 1970 and brought into force in 1975 with the Sex Discrimination Act. This prohibits any less favourable treatment between men and women in terms of pay and conditions of employment. Despite this, a wage gap still exists today, with women earning 18% less than men when you compare average earnings. This is down to a number of different factors which make up some of the struggles for today’s feminists including: women still take on a disproportionate amount of child care duties which are unpaid, meaning they often work part time (part time roles are statistically lower paid for the same amount of work than full time roles), or do not progress through their careers as fast. Women are still less likely to enter high paid professions, e.g. finance, banking and are disproportionately represented in low paid roles such as care work. A ‘glass ceiling’ is thought to exist in many careers, where women have to work harder than men to be promoted to the same positions, if they are promoted at all.
The Women’s Liberation Movement demands the right to a self-defined sexuality and an end to discrimination against lesbians- 1974 Conferences were very important to the Women’s Liberation Movement as it was where they collectively discussed feminist issues and decided on their demands. A national WLM conference was held in Edinburgh in 1974. At this conference, two demands were added to the first four, including the right to a self-defined sexuality and an end to discrimination against lesbians. Feminist Archive South LGBT+ Feminist Movements: Teacher’s Notes
Lesbians and Gays Support the Miners campaign is launched - 1984 As depicted in the film Pride! Shortly after, Lesbians Against Pit Closures was formed. LAPC originated when a number of LGSM members decided they needed a women- only space for lesbians, due to issues concerning sexism, misogyny and lesbophobia among males in the LGSM movement. LAPC was also formed as a group to give women a voice, as with Women Against Pit Closures, to help bring feminist ideas into a working men’s sphere, such as a miners’ institute. (Lesbians and Gays Support the Migrants is the modern day equivalent inspired by this movement.)
First country in the world gives legal recognition to same-sex partnerships - 1988 Denmark!
Rape within marriage is made illegal - Scotland 1989, Wales and England 1991 Once again, this was the result of extensive campaigning by the feminist movement. Up until it was made illegal, some feminists saw marriage as a ‘license to rape’.
First British MPs to be elected while openly gay - 1997 Stephen Twigg, Labour and Ben Bradshaw, Labour. There had been gay MPs before, but they had come out after being elected.
The age of consent is lowered to 16 (making it the same as the age of consent for straight people) – 2001 Feminist Archive South LGBT+ Feminist Movements: Teacher’s Notes
Section 28 repealed - Scottish Parliament 2000, rest of UK 2003 There is a good chance the young people won’t know what Section 28 was. Explain that section 28 stated that a authority “shall not intentionally promote homosexuality or publish material with the intention of promoting homosexuality” or “promote the teaching in any maintained school of the acceptability of homosexuality as a pretended family relationship”. The law’s existence caused many groups to close, limit their activities or self-censor. Note: The miners’ groups were also among the most outspoken allies of the LGBT community in the 1988 campaign against Section 28. Solidarity!
Section 28 was a similarly toxic narrative as we see today around trans issues. As trans people push to have their rights recognised, the common backlash includes the idea that young people are being turned trans by some sort of trans agenda. It is important to draw the link between these two narratives and see them as shallow push backs against an oppressed group gaining rights that they deserve.
Trans men and trans women are able to have their gender legally recognised - 2004. This is done through the Gender Recognition Act 2004, where trans men and women can have their gender recognised by getting a Gender Recognition Certificate. This can be used where a birth certificate would usually be used, e.g. to get a passport. This does not include any provision for non- binary trans people and is controversially based on the diagnosis of gender dysphoria. The government has just closed a public consultation around reforming the process. Feminist Archive South LGBT+ Feminist Movements: Teacher’s Notes
Being trans is removed from the DSM - 2013 (sort of) The DSM is the “The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders”. It is the main tool used for psychiatric diagnosis of mental disorders.
In 2013 the term Gender Identity Disorder was replaced in the DSM with ‘Gender Dysphoria’. This reclassification removes the idea of being trans as a mental disorder in itself but keeps the notion that if someone is in distress over their gender identity - gender dysphoria - then this is still classified as a mental disorder.
Narratives around being trans have been slightly more progressive in the UK: In 2002, the Lord Chancellors office published a Government Policy Concerning Transsexual People document that categorically states that transsexualism “is not a mental illness”.
However, a diagnosis of gender dysphoria is currently needed to get a Gender Recognition Certificate, which allows you to change your legal gender. This is a highly criticised aspect of the gender recognition process. The work of trans people and allies has pushed issues such as this in to public debate over the last few years and led the government to begin a process of consultation to change this process. *Note* Being gay is removed from the DSM - 1973
Same sex marriage - 2014 England, Wales and Scotland created legislation to allow same sex marriages in 2014. Same sex marriage is still not performed or recognised in Northern Ireland. Civil partnerships were introduced ten years earlier in 2004. Feminist Archive South LGBT+ Feminist Movements: Source 1
Source 1a
Source 1b Feminist Archive South LGBT+ Feminist Movements: Source 2 Feminist Archive South LGBT+ Feminist Movements: Source 3 Feminist Archive South LGBT+ Feminist Movements: Source 4
Source 4a
Source 4b Feminist Archive South LGBT+ Feminist Movements: Source 5 Feminist Archive South LGBT+ Feminist Movements: Source 6 Feminist Archive South LGBT+ Feminist Movements: Source 6 (continued) Feminist Archive South LGBT+ Feminist Movements: Source 7a
Sandy Stone & Olivia Records
• Stone is a recording engineer who transitioned to female in the early 1970s • From 1974-1979 she worked for legendary all-woman label Olivia Records in Los Angeles. • Olivia Records was a lesbian separatist group part of the Women’s Liberation Movement. Lesbian separatists built communities of women and organised themselves to live independently of men. Whilst some groups such as Olivia Records were inclusive of trans women, other were extremely transphobic. • In 1979 Sandy Stone was attacked by lesbian feminist, Janice Raymond who outed her in her book The Transsexual Empire. • The staff at Olivia were aware that Stone was trans and supported her. • After the public attack, Olivia were deluged with hate mail, and at a gig in Seattle a group of anti-trans activists turned up with guns intending to murder Stone. • Stone eventually left the company to spare it further embarrassment. • However, she went on to write one of the founding documents of Trans- gender Studies and become a Professor of Communication, Media and Performance Studies. Feminist Archive South LGBT+ Feminist Movements: Source 7b
Stephen Whittle
• In the early 1970’s Whittle identified as a lesbian separatist. • In 1974 he came out as a trans man and was supported by his former lesbian colleagues. • Whittle reports a poisoning of the atmosphere between lesbians and the trans community following publication of Raymond’s book (the same one which attacked Sandy Stone). • He went on to receive an MBE in 2005 for his part in bringing in the UK’s Gender Recognition Act. Feminist Archive South LGBT+ Feminist Movements: Archival Research
Archival Research Questions Archive source 1: Homosexuals and CHE
Questions 1. Look at the 5 points under ‘2. The Law’ - what has changed since this was published?
2. What still needs to change?
Possible extension questions 3. What tools did they have available to them when this resource was created?
4. What tools do we have available to us now, and how can we use them to tackle issues in today’s society?
Archive source 2: Lesbian Summer School
Questions (related to the event, rather than just the poster for it) 1. What does this tell us about the issues that LGBTQ+ feminists were facing at that time?
2. How are those issues the same or different from today? What still needs to change?
Possible extension questions 3. What tools did they have available to them when this event took place- (early 80s)?
4. What tools do we have available to us now, and how can we use them to tackle issues in today’s society?
Archive source 3: Lesbian Autonomy and the Gay Movement* *Autonomy= independence, freedom or self-governance
Questions 1. Why did lesbians feel they needed to organise separately?
2. What do you think they meant by ‘they see how our autonomy is a power for them, and how our power is in their interests’?
Possible extension questions 3. Do you think it is important to examine power hierarchies within the LGBTQIA community as well as in wider society? Feminist Archive South LGBT+ Feminist Movements: Archival Research
Archival Research Questions (continued) Archive source 4: Campaign for Homosexual Equality National Women’s Conference
Questions 1. According to text 4a, what do the Women’s Liberation Movement and the Gay Liberation Movement have in common?
2. In 4b, what do you think they meant by ‘For both women and all gay people […] the causes of oppression are the same’?
Possible extension questions 3. ‘Women should not have to make a choice’ (between being in the gay movement or the feminist movement), what other identities do you think had to make a choice?
4. Looking at the second paragraph of 4a) ‘Women’s liberation groups vary a great deal […] no generalisations should therefore be made about these groups (rather like CHE and GLF groups, which also vary between areas.’* Have you noticed any differences between certain feminist or LGBTQ groups? What are the dangers of making generalisations?
*(CHE= Campaign for Homosexual Equality; GLF= Gay Liberation Front).
Archive source 5: ‘Dear Bristol Black Lesbian Group’
Questions 1. What strike you as important lessons to learn from the organisation of this event?
2. If you were to organise an LGBT+ and/or feminist event, how would you try to make it as inclusive and intersectional as possible?
Possible extension questions 3. ‘We hope that all the ideas about how to deal with racism in the lesbian community can be recorded and kept for the use of lesbians who are planning meetings and conferences.’ Do you think LGBT+ and feminist activism has learnt from its history/herstory/theirstory?
4. Thinking about current LGBT+ and feminist activism, what do you think it would be important to archive/preserve for the future? E.g. digital media, physical objects, voices, perspectives of certain groups etc. Feminist Archive South LGBT+ Feminist Movements: Archival Research
Archival Research Questions (continued) Archive source 6: ‘Breaking Barriers…. Gemma’
Questions 1. What examples of solidarity between LGBT+ and feminist activists can you find in the source?
2. What roles can allies play to ensure activism is inclusive of people with disabilities?
Possible extension questions 3. Gemma mention sexuality and disability being increasingly talked about but that much more work needs to be done to recognise the rights of disabled LGBT+ people. Do you think this is still true?
Archive source 7: Trans Feminist Activist Stories
Questions 1. What do you learn about trans inclusion or exclusion in lesbian separatist groups in the 1970s from Sandy and Stephen’s stories?
2. Do you think you can generalise about trans inclusion or exclusion in feminist groups or movements?
Possible extension questions 3. Both Sandy and Stephen made important contributions to trans rights. What connections do you see between the trans rights and women’s rights movements?
4. In 2018, London Pride was disrupted by anti-trans campaigners but a group of cis lesbians started the successful hashtag campaign #LwiththeT in solidarity with trans siblings. What other ways could feminist and LGB(T)QIA activists show solidarity with trans people? Representation of the People Act (Women over 30 who owned property/married to property owner gained the vote) Representation of the People (Equal Franchise) Act (All women over 21gained the vote) Being gay stops being a crime Being trans is removed from the DSM Same sex marriage Equal Pay for Equal Work (The Equal Pay Act) Trans men and trans women are able to have their gender legally recognised Abortion made legal Rape within marriage is made illegal Section 28 repealed Stonewall Riots First known British trans woman to undergo reassignment surgery and have her birth certificate changed First British MPs to be elected while openly gay Lesbians and Gays Support the Miners campaign is launched First country in the world gives legal recognition to same-sex partnerships The age of consent is lowered to 16 (making it the same as the age of consent for straight people) The Women’s Liberation Movement demands the right to a self- defined sexuality and an end to discrimination against lesbians The Equality Act strengthened anti-discrimination law to protect LGBT+ people (amongst many others) Feminist Archive South LGBT+ Feminist Movements: Bibliography
Source 1: Leaflet
Campaign for Homosexual Equality, ‘Homosexuals and CHE’, date unknown (approx. 1964-early 1970s) ‘DM2123/2/ L4 Lesbian and Gay Rights, Feminist Archive South, Special Collections, Arts and Social Sciences Library, University of Bristol.
Source 2: Poster
Lesbian Summer School (A Benefit for the Lesbian Archive and Information Centre), DM2123 poster collection, Feminist Archive South, Special Collections, Arts and Social Sciences Library, University of Bristol.
Source 3: Report
Wages for Housework Campaign, ‘Lesbian autonomy and the gay movement’, DM2123/2/PP34, Feminist Archive South, Special Collections, Arts and Social Sciences Library, University of Bristol.
Source 4: Conference agenda and notes
Campaign for Homosexual Equality, ‘National Women’s Conference (2nd National Lesbian Conference)’ (approx. early 1970s), DM2123/2/PP34, Feminist Archive South, Special Collections, Arts and Social Sciences Library, University of Bristol.
Source 5: Letter
‘Kath, Kay, Caroline, Mari and Babs’ (The Bristol Radical Lesbian Feminist Magazine), ‘Dear Bristol Black Lesbian Group…’, The Bristol Radical Lesbian Feminist Magazine, Final Issue, April 1990, Local Newsletters- Bristol, DM2123/5/1, Feminist Archive South, Special Collections, Arts and Social Sciences Library, University of Bristol.
Source 6: Article
Gemma, ‘Breaking Barriers…. Gemma’, The Bristol Radical Lesbian Feminist Magazine, vol. 8, June 1988, Local Newsletters- Bristol, DM2123/5/1, Feminist Archive South, Special Collections, Arts and Social Sciences Library, University of Bristol.
Source 7: Trans Feminist Activist Stories
Cheryl Morgan, ‘Who Gets to be a Feminist?’, West of England & South Wales Women’s History Network Annual Conference, Bath, July 7th 2018 (adapted by Ellie O’Connell)
A notice on copyright:
The copyright of these materials taken from the Feminist Archive South remains with the original producer of the work in question. It is difficult to trace copyright holders of anonymously produced materials, and please ensure that you quote the original publication if known. Feminist Archive South LGBT+ Feminist Movements: Bibliography
Recommended resources Morris, Bonnie J. and D-M Withers, The Feminist Revolution: The Struggle for Women’s Liberation 1966-1988, (London: Virago Press, 2018)
See Red Members, See Red Women’s Workshop: Feminist Posters 1974-1990, (London: Four Corners, 2016)
Online archives Sisterhood and after: The Sisterhood and After website created an original and extensive oral history archive of the lives of feminist change-makers of the 1970s and ‘80s. The archive provides the resources for new studies of this important social movement and its legacy. They have an extensive selection of teaching resources. https://www.bl.uk/ sisterhood
Spare Rib: Explore digitised images from this ground-breaking feminist 20th-century magazine https://www.bl.uk/spare-rib
Feminist Archive South online catalogue, Special Collections, University of Bristol The Feminist Archive South is housed and managed by Special Collections, Arts and Social Sciences Library, University of Bristol. Anyone can make an appointment in advance and order up material to the reading room. Search the catalogue here: http://oac.lib.bris.ac.uk/DServe/dserve.exe Get in touch with Special Collections: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/library/special-collections/contact/
Grassroots Feminism: Transnational Archives, resources and communities https://www.grassrootsfeminism.net/cms/sortable_node_list_digital_grass/134
Dreadnought South West: Exploring 100 Years of women’s activism in the South West http://dreadnoughtsouthwest.org.uk, https://soundcloud.com/rebellioussoundsarchive
Historical Association: Suffrage Resources https://www.history.org.uk/ha-news/resource/9409/womens-suffrage-history-and-citizenship-resource
The National Archives: Suffragettes on file: http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/suffragettes-on-file/ Feminist Archive South LGBT+ Feminist Movements: Bibliography
Feminist Activist resources ICA See Red Women’s Workshop Educator’s Pack https://seeredwomensworkshop.files.wordpress.com/2013/05/ica-educator_s-resource-pack-see-red.pdf
Grrrl Zine Fair: Grrrl Zine Fair is run by artist Lu Williams and celebrates contemporary DIY feminism though zines, live events, practical workshops, and a pop-up library. https://www.grrrlzinefair.com
Agenda: A Young People’s Guide to Making Positive Relationships Matter http://agenda.wales
Feminist Frequency Media Resources: https://feministfrequency.com/resources/
The Everyday Sexism Project: http://everydaysexism.com
FAS educational resource: authorship and copyright These educational resources were created by the Feminist Archive South and funded by the Government Equalities Office. They are available for free download and intended for use by teachers and youth workers. We encourage you to adapt for your own purposes but please credit the relevant authors and the Feminist Archive South.
Authors: Elissa O’Connell
T.I.G.E.R Co-op
Credit: With thanks to Cheryl Morgan, OutStories Bristol.