Hadron Spectroscopy
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Pioneering Project Research Activity Report 新領域開拓課題 研究業績報告書
Pioneering Project Research Activity Report 新領域開拓課題 研究業績報告書 Fundamental Principles Underlying the Hierarchy of Matter 物質階層原理 Lead Researcher: Reizo KATO 研究代表者：加藤 礼三 From April 2017 to March 2020 Heterogeneity at Materials Interfaces ヘテロ界面 Lead Researcher: Yousoo Kim 研究代表者：金 有洙 From April 2018 to March 2020 RIKEN May 2020 Contents I. Outline 1 II. Research Achievements and Future Prospects 65 III. Research Highlights 85 IV. Reference Data 139 Outline －1－ / Outline of two projects Fundamental Principles Underlying the Hierarchy of Matter: A Comprehensive Experimental Study / • Outline of the Project This five-year project lead by Dr. R. Kato is the collaborative effort of eight laboratories, in which we treat the hierarchy of matter from hadrons to biomolecules with three underlying and interconnected key concepts: interaction, excitation, and heterogeneity. The project consists of experimental research conducted using cutting-edge technologies, including lasers, signal processing and data acquisition, and particle beams at RIKEN RI Beam Factory (RIBF) and RIKEN Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL). • Physical and chemical views of matter lead to major discoveries Although this project is based on the physics and chemistry of non-living systems, we constantly keep all types of matter, including living matter, in our mind. The importance of analyzing matter from physical and chemical points of view was demonstrated in the case of DNA. The Watson-Crick model of DNA was developed based on the X-ray diffraction, which is a physical measurement. The key feature of this model is the hydrogen bonding that occurs between DNA base pairs. Watson and Crick learned about hydrogen bonding in the renowned book “The Nature of the Chemical Bond,” written by their competitor, L. -
A Bridge Between Nuclear and Particle Physics
Journal of Physics: Conference Series PAPER • OPEN ACCESS Related content - What’s Next for Particle Physics?: Modern hadron spectroscopy: a bridge between Introduction M White nuclear and particle physics. - Light Hadron Spectroscopy at BESIII Jifeng Hu and BESIII Collaboration To cite this article: A. P. Szczepaniak 2018 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1014 012017 - Progress in light hadron spectroscopy at BESIII W C Yan View the article online for updates and enhancements. This content was downloaded from IP address 131.169.5.251 on 15/05/2018 at 23:01 International Workshop "Nuclear Reactions on Nucleons and Nuclei" IOP Publishing IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1014 (2018) 012017 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1014/1/012017 Modern hadron spectroscopy: a bridge between nuclear and particle physics. A. P. Szczepaniak Physics Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA, Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47403, USA, Theory Center, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA 23606, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. In this talk I discuss aspects of hadron physics, which soon are expected to shed new light on the fundamental QCD phenomena. In the analysis of hadron reactions and their propertieds I emphasize similarities to the nuclear many body problem. 1. Introduction The vast majority of nuclear phenomena can be understood using protons and neutrons as elementary constituents and the nonrelativistic interactions among them. On the other hand, Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), which is the underlying theory of nuclear forces, describes the relativistic quarks and gluons as the fundamental degrees of freedom. -
The Large Hadron Collider Lyndon Evans CERN – European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland
34th SLAC Summer Institute On Particle Physics (SSI 2006), July 17-28, 2006 The Large Hadron Collider Lyndon Evans CERN – European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland 1. INTRODUCTION The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN is now in its final installation and commissioning phase. It is a two-ring superconducting proton-proton collider housed in the 27 km tunnel previously constructed for the Large Electron Positron collider (LEP). It is designed to provide proton-proton collisions with unprecedented luminosity (1034cm-2.s-1) and a centre-of-mass energy of 14 TeV for the study of rare events such as the production of the Higgs particle if it exists. In order to reach the required energy in the existing tunnel, the dipoles must operate at 1.9 K in superfluid helium. In addition to p-p operation, the LHC will be able to collide heavy nuclei (Pb-Pb) with a centre-of-mass energy of 1150 TeV (2.76 TeV/u and 7 TeV per charge). By modifying the existing obsolete antiproton ring (LEAR) into an ion accumulator (LEIR) in which electron cooling is applied, the luminosity can reach 1027cm-2.s-1. The LHC presents many innovative features and a number of challenges which push the art of safely manipulating intense proton beams to extreme limits. The beams are injected into the LHC from the existing Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) at an energy of 450 GeV. After the two rings are filled, the machine is ramped to its nominal energy of 7 TeV over about 28 minutes. In order to reach this energy, the dipole field must reach the unprecedented level for accelerator magnets of 8.3 T. -
X. Charge Conjugation and Parity in Weak Interactions →
Charge conjugation and parity in weak interactions Particle Physics X. Charge conjugation and parity in weak interactions REMINDER: Parity The parity transformation is the transformation by reflection: → xi x'i = –xi A parity operator Pˆ is defined as Pˆ ψ()()xt, = pψ()–x, t where p = +1 Charge conjugation The charge conjugation replaces particles by their antiparticles, reversing charges and magnetic moments ˆ Ψ Ψ C a = c a where c = +1 meaning that from the particle in the initial state we go to the antiparticle in the final state. Oxana Smirnova & Vincent Hedberg Lund University 248 Charge conjugation and parity in weak interactions Particle Physics Reminder Symmetries Continuous Lorentz transformation Space-time Translation in space Symmetries Translation in time Rotation around an axis Continuous transformations that can Space-time be regarded as a series of infinitely small steps. symmetries Discrete Parity Transformations that affects the Space-time Charge conjugation space-- and time coordinates i.e. transformation of the 4-vector Symmetries Time reversal Minkowski space. Discrete transformations have only two elements i.e. two transformations. Baryon number Global Lepton number symmetries Strangeness number Isospin SU(2)flavour Internal The transformation does not depend on Isospin+Hypercharge SU(3)flavour symmetries r i.e. it is the same everywhere in space. Transformations that do not affect the space- and time- Local gauge Electric charge U(1) coordinates. symmetries Weak charge+weak isospin U(1)xSU(2) Colour SU(3) The -
STRANGE MESON SPECTROSCOPY in Km and K$ at 11 Gev/C and CHERENKOV RING IMAGING at SLD *
SLAC-409 UC-414 (E/I) STRANGE MESON SPECTROSCOPY IN Km AND K$ AT 11 GeV/c AND CHERENKOV RING IMAGING AT SLD * Youngjoon Kwon Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Stanford University Stanford, CA 94309 January 1993 Prepared for the Department of Energy uncer contract number DE-AC03-76SF005 15 Printed in the United States of America. Available from the National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161. * Ph.D. thesis ii Abstract This thesis consists of two independent parts; development of Cherenkov Ring Imaging Detector (GRID) system and analysis of high-statistics data of strange meson reactions from the LASS spectrometer. Part I: The CIUD system is devoted to charged particle identification in the SLAC Large Detector (SLD) to study e+e- collisions at ,/Z = mzo. By measuring the angles of emission of the Cherenkov photons inside liquid and gaseous radiators, r/K/p separation will be achieved up to N 30 GeV/c. The signals from CRID are read in three coordinates, one of which is measured by charge-division technique. To obtain a N 1% spatial resolution in the charge- division, low-noise CRID preamplifier prototypes were developed and tested re- sulting in < 1000 electrons noise for an average photoelectron signal with 2 x lo5 gain. To help ensure the long-term stability of CRID operation at high efficiency, a comprehensive monitoring and control system was developed. This system contin- uously monitors and/or controls various operating quantities such as temperatures, pressures, and flows, mixing and purity of the various fluids. -
Snowmass 2021 Letter of Interest: Hadron Spectroscopy at Belle II
Snowmass 2021 Letter of Interest: Hadron Spectroscopy at Belle II on behalf of the U.S. Belle II Collaboration D. M. Asner1, Sw. Banerjee2, J. V. Bennett3, G. Bonvicini4, R. A. Briere5, T. E. Browder6, D. N. Brown2, C. Chen7, D. Cinabro4, J. Cochran7, L. M. Cremaldi3, A. Di Canto1, K. Flood6, B. G. Fulsom8, R. Godang9, W. W. Jacobs10, D. E. Jaffe1, K. Kinoshita11, R. Kroeger3, R. Kulasiri12, P. J. Laycock1, K. A. Nishimura6, T. K. Pedlar13, L. E. Piilonen14, S. Prell7, C. Rosenfeld15, D. A. Sanders3, V. Savinov16, A. J. Schwartz11, J. Strube8, D. J. Summers3, S. E. Vahsen6, G. S. Varner6, A. Vossen17, L. Wood8, and J. Yelton18 1Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973 2University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292 3University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677 4Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202 5Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213 6University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 7Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011 8Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352 9University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36688 10Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408 11University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221 12Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144 13Luther College, Decorah, Iowa 52101 14Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061 15University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208 16University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260 17Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708 18University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 Corresponding Author: B. G. Fulsom (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory), [email protected] Thematic Area(s): (RF07) Hadron Spectroscopy 1 Abstract: The Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB energy-asymmetric e+e− collider is a substantial upgrade of the B factory facility at KEK in Tsukuba, Japan. -
Three Lectures on Meson Mixing and CKM Phenomenology
Three Lectures on Meson Mixing and CKM phenomenology Ulrich Nierste Institut f¨ur Theoretische Teilchenphysik Universit¨at Karlsruhe Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany I give an introduction to the theory of meson-antimeson mixing, aiming at students who plan to work at a flavour physics experiment or intend to do associated theoretical studies. I derive the formulae for the time evolution of a neutral meson system and show how the mass and width differences among the neutral meson eigenstates and the CP phase in mixing are calculated in the Standard Model. Special emphasis is laid on CP violation, which is covered in detail for K−K mixing, Bd−Bd mixing and Bs−Bs mixing. I explain the constraints on the apex (ρ, η) of the unitarity triangle implied by ǫK ,∆MBd ,∆MBd /∆MBs and various mixing-induced CP asymmetries such as aCP(Bd → J/ψKshort)(t). The impact of a future measurement of CP violation in flavour-specific Bd decays is also shown. 1 First lecture: A big-brush picture 1.1 Mesons, quarks and box diagrams The neutral K, D, Bd and Bs mesons are the only hadrons which mix with their antiparticles. These meson states are flavour eigenstates and the corresponding antimesons K, D, Bd and Bs have opposite flavour quantum numbers: K sd, D cu, B bd, B bs, ∼ ∼ d ∼ s ∼ K sd, D cu, B bd, B bs, (1) ∼ ∼ d ∼ s ∼ Here for example “Bs bs” means that the Bs meson has the same flavour quantum numbers as the quark pair (b,s), i.e.∼ the beauty and strangeness quantum numbers are B = 1 and S = 1, respectively. -
MIT at the Large Hadron Collider—Illuminating the High-Energy Frontier
Mit at the large hadron collider—Illuminating the high-energy frontier 40 ) roland | klute mit physics annual 2010 gunther roland and Markus Klute ver the last few decades, teams of physicists and engineers O all over the globe have worked on the components for one of the most complex machines ever built: the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at the CERN laboratory in Geneva, Switzerland. Collaborations of thousands of scientists have assembled the giant particle detectors used to examine collisions of protons and nuclei at energies never before achieved in a labo- ratory. After initial tests proved successful in late 2009, the LHC physics program was launched in March 2010. Now the race is on to fulfill the LHC’s paradoxical mission: to complete the Stan- dard Model of particle physics by detecting its last missing piece, the Higgs boson, and to discover the building blocks of a more complete theory of nature to finally replace the Standard Model. The MIT team working on the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at the LHC stands at the forefront of this new era of particle and nuclear physics. The High Energy Frontier Our current understanding of the fundamental interactions of nature is encap- sulated in the Standard Model of particle physics. In this theory, the multitude of subatomic particles is explained in terms of just two kinds of basic building blocks: quarks, which form protons and neutrons, and leptons, including the electron and its heavier cousins. From the three basic interactions described by the Standard Model—the strong, electroweak and gravitational forces—arise much of our understanding of the world around us, from the formation of matter in the early universe, to the energy production in the Sun, and the stability of atoms and mit physics annual 2010 roland | klute ( 41 figure 1 A photograph of the interior, central molecules. -
Charge Conjugation Symmetry
Charge Conjugation Symmetry In the previous set of notes we followed Dirac's original construction of positrons as holes in the electron's Dirac sea. But the modern point of view is rather different: The Dirac sea is experimentally undetectable | it's simply one of the aspects of the physical ? vacuum state | and the electrons and the positrons are simply two related particle species. Moreover, the electrons and the positrons have exactly the same mass but opposite electric charges. Many other particle species exist in similar particle-antiparticle pairs. The particle and the corresponding antiparticle have exactly the same mass but opposite electric charges, as well as other conserved charges such as the lepton number or the baryon number. Moreover, the strong and the electromagnetic interactions | but not the weak interactions | respect the change conjugation symmetry which turns particles into antiparticles and vice verse, C^ jparticle(p; s)i = jantiparticle(p; s)i ; C^ jantiparticle(p; s)i = jparticle(p; s)i ; (1) − + + − for example C^ e (p; s) = e (p; s) and C^ e (p; s) = e (p; s) . In light of this sym- metry, deciding which particle species is particle and which is antiparticle is a matter of convention. For example, we know that the charged pions π+ and π− are each other's an- tiparticles, but it's up to our choice whether we call the π+ mesons particles and the π− mesons antiparticles or the other way around. In the Hilbert space of the quantum field theory, the charge conjugation operator C^ is a unitary operator which squares to 1, thus C^ 2 = 1 =) C^ y = C^ −1 = C^:; (2) ? In condensed matter | say, in a piece of semiconductor | we may detect the filled electron states by making them interact with the outside world. -
And G-Parity: a New Definition and Applications —Version Viib—
BNL PREPRINT BNL-QGS-13-0901 Cparity7b.tex C- and G-parity: A New Definition and Applications |Version VIIb| S. U. Chung α Physics Department Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, U.S.A. β Department of Physics Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea γ and Excellence Cluster Universe Physik Department E18, Technische Universit¨atM¨unchen,Germany δ September 29, 2013 abstract A new definition for C (charge-conjugation) and G operations is proposed which allows for unique value of the C parity for each member of a given J PC nonet. A simple straightforward extension of the definition allows quarks to be treated on an equal footing. As illustrative examples, the problems of constructing eigenstates of C, I and G operators are worked out for ππ, KK¯ , NN¯ and qq¯ systems. In particular, a thorough treatment of two-, three- and four-body systems involving KK¯ systems is given. α CERN Visiting Scientist (part time) β Senior Scientist Emeritus γ Research Professor (part time) δ Scientific Consultant (part time) 1 Introduction The purpose of this note is to point out that the C operation can be defined in such a way that a unique value can be assigned to all the members of a given J PC nonet. In conventional treatments in which antiparticle states are defined through C, one encounters the problem that anti-particle states do not transform in the same way (the so-called charge-conjugate representation). That this is so is obvious if one considers the fact that a C operation changes sign of the z-component of the I-spin, so that in general C and I operators do not commute. -
![Arxiv:1706.02588V2 [Hep-Ph] 29 Apr 2019 D D O Oeua Tts Ntehde Hr Etrw Have We Sector Candidates Charm Good Hidden the Particularly the in As Are States](https://docslib.b-cdn.net/cover/0017/arxiv-1706-02588v2-hep-ph-29-apr-2019-d-d-o-oeua-tts-ntehde-hr-etrw-have-we-sector-candidates-charm-good-hidden-the-particularly-the-in-as-are-states-1310017.webp)
Arxiv:1706.02588V2 [Hep-Ph] 29 Apr 2019 D D O Oeua Tts Ntehde Hr Etrw Have We Sector Candidates Charm Good Hidden the Particularly the in As Are States
Heavy Baryon-Antibaryon Molecules in Effective Field Theory 1, 2 1, 1, Jun-Xu Lu, Li-Sheng Geng, ∗ and Manuel Pavon Valderrama † 1School of Physics and Nuclear Energy Engineering, International Research Center for Nuclei and Particles in the Cosmos and Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Materials and Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China 2Institut de Physique Nucl´eaire, CNRS-IN2P3, Univ. Paris-Sud, Universit´eParis-Saclay, F-91406 Orsay Cedex, France (Dated: April 30, 2019) We discuss the effective field theory description of bound states composed of a heavy baryon and antibaryon. This framework is a variation of the ones already developed for heavy meson- antimeson states to describe the X(3872) or the Zc and Zb resonances. We consider the case of heavy baryons for which the light quark pair is in S-wave and we explore how heavy quark spin symmetry constrains the heavy baryon-antibaryon potential. The one pion exchange potential mediates the low energy dynamics of this system. We determine the relative importance of pion exchanges, in particular the tensor force. We find that in general pion exchanges are probably non- ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ perturbative for the ΣQΣQ, ΣQ∗ ΣQ and ΣQ∗ ΣQ∗ systems, while for the ΞQ′ ΞQ′ , ΞQ∗ ΞQ′ and ΞQ∗ ΞQ∗ cases they are perturbative. If we assume that the contact-range couplings of the effective field theory are saturated by the exchange of vector mesons, we can estimate for which quantum numbers it is more probable to find a heavy baryonium state. The most probable candidates to form bound states are ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ the isoscalar ΛQΛQ, ΣQΣQ, ΣQ∗ ΣQ and ΣQ∗ ΣQ∗ and the isovector ΛQΣQ and ΛQΣQ∗ systems, both in the hidden-charm and hidden-bottom sectors. -
Hadron Spectroscopy, Baryon Spectroscopy and Meson
Integrative Molecular Medicine Image ISSN: 2056-6360 Hadron spectroscopy, baryon spectroscopy and meson spectroscopy comparative study on malignant and benign human cancer cells and tissues under synchrotron radiation Alireza Heidari* Faculty of Chemistry, California South University, 14731 Comet St. Irvine, CA 92604, USA In the current study, we have experimentally and comparatively investigated and compared malignant human cancer cells and tissues before and after irradiating of synchrotron radiation using Hadron spectroscopy, Baryon spectroscopy and Meson spectroscopy. In the current study, we have experimentally and comparatively investigated and compared malignant human cancer cells and tissues before and after irradiating of synchrotron radiation using Hadron spectroscopy, Baryon spectroscopy and Meson spectroscopy. It is clear that malignant human cancer cells and tissues have gradually transformed to benign human cancer cells and tissues under synchrotron radiation with the passing of time (Figures 1-3) [1-198]. It can be concluded that malignant human cancer cells and tissues have gradually transformed to benign human cancer cells and tissues under synchrotron radiation with the passing of time (Figures 1-3) [1- 198]. Figure 2. Baryon spectroscopy analysis of malignant human cancer cells and tissues (a) before and (b) after irradiating of synchrotron radiation in transformation process to benign human cancer cells and tissues with the passing of time [1-198] *Correspondence to: Alireza Heidari, Faculty of Chemistry, California