Enquête: Studenten Staan Onder Hoge Studiedruk

Board will pay slow Europe doesn’t want VHL students are just like student ﬁ nes our cisgene potato university students University sticks to two-year social sci- Wageningen knowledge may be applied in They are very active and don’t live at ences Master’s. | p.6 | China and US but not in Europe. | p.20 | home. | p.24 |

RESOURCEFor students and employees of Wageningen UR nr. 14 – 8 March 2012 – 6th Volume

Stress! Enquête: studenten staan onder hoge studiedruk

(5(6SLQGG 2 >> labour of love >> KEN + MORRIS MILLION Ken Giller, professor of Plant Production Systems

‘It is a piece of my personal history’

350 of them rolled off the production line in 1961. A limited lilac- painted edition to celebrate the millionth Morris Minor. There are only 50 left, and Ken Giller is the proud owner of one of them. He bought it 30 years ago for 200 pounds. A snip. And now it is a cherished member of the family. ‘A real eye-catcher. Everyone smiles when you drive by. And it’s fun to tinker with the mechanics. It’s very easy to repair.’ RK / photo: Guy Ackermans

RESOURCE — 8 March 2012

(5(6SLQGG ILLUSTRATION COVER: PASCAL TIEMAN >>CONTENTS no 14 – 6th Volume

>> 4 >> 8 >> 25 STUDY EXONERATES IMIDACLOPRID PLEA FROM FISHERIES BIOLOGISTS: VESTE’S PARLIAMENTARY DEBATE Insecticide not responsible for mass Fisheries should reduce catches of Dutch MPs debate with students. bee deaths. various species. This will preserve ‘BOO!’ the balance of ecosystems.

BUTTER It is clear that the slow student fine is going to have an impact. Fear of the fine is AND MORE... causing one in twelve Dutch Bachelor’s students to give up the idea of going on 2 Labour of love to a Master’s. That’s fine by state secretary Zijlstra. He told us, ‘The measure Morris Million aims at getting people to think through their choice of degree better. If you are 4 News and opinion overstretching yourself, perhaps you should set your sights lower.’ 8 Science Fewer graduates then? Yep. Zijlstra is no longer so committed to the European 11 Resource.wur.nl target of 50 percent participation in higher education – he said that in a debate 12 Study stress in January. 16 In the picture This constitutes a U-turn. Until now the government was urging young people to sulphur flock to the universities, and the cabinet saw higher education as a panacea 20 Potatoes against unemployment and recession. You could get government staff quite wor- 22 IMO ried by suggesting that their policies could have a negative impact on higher I do solemnly swear education take-up. 24 Student At present, two out of every five Dutch people have had the benefit of higher edu- 29 Column cation. It costs a small fortune, and we don’t have the money anymore. It seems 30 Service that when cash runs short, principles turn out to be as firm as... butter. 32 Typical Dutch Eye level Gaby van Caulil

>> Should PhD graduates take an oath? ‘Stapel knew he was doing wrong but that didn’t stop him.’ | p.22

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ð 1HRQLFRWLQRLGVQRWUHVSRQVLEOH IRUPDVVEHHGHDWKV '(17(' ð 5HVHDUFKHUDGYRFDWHV It was a Zembla programme last SXEOLFDWLRQRIGDWD year that triggered the neonicotinoids review. It put Wagenin- gen’s bee research in a bad light, There is no evidence that insectici- saying Blacquiere was triviali- des such as imidacloprid are res- zing the role of imidacloprid for ponsible for the mass bee deaths, the sake of the pesticide indus- concludes an international group try. ‘It made quite a dent in my of researchers headed by Wagenin- reputation’, says Blacquiere la- gen bee expert Tjeerd Blacquière. conically. ‘So the results of this He carried out a review for the Mi- study feel like a rehabilitation.’ nistry of Agriculture on the effect A detailed report based on the of neonicotinoids on bees. The review in Ecotoxicology is cur- group investigated all the available rently with the Ministry. scientifi c articles for the past fi fteen years - the period in which neonicotinoids have been used. dies to be peer reviewed and pu- ‘They show there is not much blished. That would bring them in- evidence that these chemicals are to the open and would also let you playing a big role in bee deaths’, compare those studies with other says Blacquière emphatically. research, thereby contributing to ‘Neonicotinoids are an effective, scientifi c knowledge.’ 7LPZLOOEHRŉRQDZLOGJRRVHFKDVHLQWKHQH[WIHZPRQWKV$QGZHGRQéW useful insecticide. That conclusion Blacquiere also thinks the neo- PHDQ7LP%UHXUVWXGHQWRI)RUHVWDQG1DWXUH0DQDJHPHQWEXWWKHZHHIR[ still stands.’ This does not mean nicotinoids could do with some KHFDXJKWGXULQJKLVLQWHUQVKLSZKRZDVQDPHGDIWHUKLP7RJHWKHUZLWKKLV these chemicals are not poiso- more fi ne-tuning. ‘There is certain- IR[\PDWHV-RHSDQG/RHV7LPZLOOEHOHWORRVHLQWKH*HOGHUVH3RRUWQDWXUH nous. ‘They are incredibly toxic to ly room for improvement. You UHVHUYHWRSUH\RQJUH\ODJJHHVH7KHSURMHFWGUHZWKHDWWHQWLRQRIWKHQDWLR bees, which is not surprising given could make them more specifi c, QDOPHGLDODVWZHHN7KHJHHVHFDXVHPLOOLRQVRIHXURVéZRUWKRIGDPDJHWR that they are insecticides. And imi- and less long-lasting so that they IDUPODQGDQGVFDULQJWKHPDZD\RUVKRRWLQJWKHPGRHVQRWKHOS7KH)DXQD dacloprid is the most toxic of them are broken down more quickly in )XQGQRZZDQWVWRVHHZKHWKHUWKHJUH\ODJJRRVHéVQDWXUDOHQHP\ZLOOKDYH all.’ nature.’ RK PRUHVXFFHVV7LP%UHXUZLOOVSHQGWKHUHVWRIKLVLQWHUQVKLSUHVHDUFKLQJ JRRVHQHVWVDQGFRXQWLQJJRRVHIDPLOLHV 0YG% 5220)25,03529(0(17 But Blacquiere says this toxicity is most evident in lab studies. In practice the damage is not too seri- &(175$/48$/,7<&21752/$%/(66,1*)25/(&785(56 ous. Studies show that the levels of poison in nectar and pollen are has to be ratifi ed by the NVAO put together comparable quality low and not fatal. With the impor- ð :DJHQLQJHQDLPVDW board. A decision is expected in dossiers. By accrediting the univer- tant proviso that there is not much LQVWLWXWLRQOHYHODFFUHGLWDWLRQ April. sities on all those points centrally, data. ‘Too little is known in the pu- ð è7KDWZLOOOLJKWHQWKHZRUNORDG Institution-level accreditation the programmes will be spared a blicly available literature. This is a E\DTXDUWHUé is a long-cherished wish of Dutch lot of paperwork. gap in our knowledge.’ One reason universities. Until recently, all the Teachers at Delft and Nijmegen is that a lot of data is not publicly programmes had to go through the universities, which were accredi- available. The Bond for the Autho- Good news for lecturers: Wage- NVAO’s quality control test, re- ted last year in a pilot, say the ac- rization of Pesticides in the Ne- ningen University appears to have quired for obtaining government creditation created about 25 per- therlands does not publish its da- set its sights on institution-level funding. But many components of cent less work for them, says an ta. That is a major disadvantage, accreditation by the Dutch-Belgian the test, such as facilities and per- NVAO representative. 5* says Blacquière, who advocates accreditation organization NVAO. sonnel care, are organized central- more openness. ‘The government The visitation committee’s advice ly. This meant that the program- could force the authorization stu- was positive, although it still mes were required separately to

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60$//,6&+$27,&7+,6<($5é6)281'(56é'$<7+(0( out, but did send a video message. very small-scale world. A world The Founders’ Day programme ð 0DUWLHQ&RKHQ6WXDUWVSHDNV This year’s Founders’ Day lec- which is not governed by the order begins at around one thirty with a DERXWWKHFKDRVLQKLVŊHOG ture will be delivered by professor of our macroscopic world, but by symposium about the education ð $QQRXQFHPHQWRI:8) of Physical Chemistry and Colloid nothing but chaos. Molecules do of PhD students. The actual cere- 5HVHDUFK3UL]HZLQQHU Science, Martien Cohen Stuart. not move predictably, but dance mony lasts from four till six. Apart ‘An honour’, in his own words. He around at random: Brownian mo- from Cohen Stuart, rector magni- says it’s exciting to talk about his tion. But with the help of probabi- fi cus Martin Kropff and professor On Friday 9 March the university fi eld to an audience of the uninitia- lity calculations we can say some- Dolf Weijers will also be speak- celebrates its 94th birthday. The ted. ‘I am curious how it will go thing about this world. Cohen ing. The ceremony will end with theme of this year’s celebration is down and what feedback I will Stuart’s fi eld is not the only one the awarding of the annual WUF the inspiration and success factors get.’ where this chaos is found. It can be Research Prize. RR required for good science. Guest The professor wants to intro- seen in ecosystems too, as well as speaker Bertil Andersson dropped duce his audience next Friday to a in a lot of human behaviour.

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ǋǋ=,-/675$ the Netherlands. Professor Ron è1RHYLGHQFHIRUSLW\VL[HVéé Ydenberg (Resource Ecology) has Do universities often give ‘pity pas- been asked to do this by the Associ- ses’ to students who do not really ation of Friesian Bird Watchers (BF- deserve it? Four VU journalism stu- VW). The study was triggered by re- dents thought so after a survey of marks by the Council of State. It re- 6&+$0,1(ǉǉ 180 lecturers. The Volkskrant news- jected Fauna Conservation’s objecti- paper eagerly picked up their con- ons to the temporary dispensation clusions but others, including State to allow lapwing egg gathering but Secretary Zijlstra, are not im- the Council did wonder whether egg ([FOXVLYH pressed. The students were not pre- gathering would still be possible in Exclusive Oostvaardersplassen, announces a glossy brochure pared to make their study public future, given the declining lapwing from the Dutch national forest service about this large marsh- and they said themselves that their population. The study should show land nature reserve. And above that: Out of Africa, into the Pol- aim was to get media attention. Zijl- what role egg gathering plays in the der. Now, I have had the privilege of making quite a few trips stra concludes, not incorrectly, that downward trend. RK into African game parks in the pursuit of my Wageningen re- the study is therefore ‘not a basis search, but it has never occurred to me to compare them to for statements about maintaining ǋǋ5(129$7,21 our very own Oostvaardersplassen with its deer, Heck cattle standards in academic education’. ,PDUHV,-PXLGHQWRJHWDQ and Konik horses. When I cycle from the gate of the Hoge Incidentally, some Wageningen stu- RYHUKDXO Veluwe park to the Kröller-Müller museum on one of the dents said on the Resource site that It is not just Wageningen campus white bikes provided by the park, parts of the landscape there they did recognize the Volkskrant’s that is turning into a building site, do remind me of the African plains. And the same goes for the description of the situation. +23 Imares in IJmuiden is also in for a Beekse Bergen safari park at Hilvarenbeek. serious makeover. Renovation work Come to think of it, the Beekse Bergen area has more in com- ǋǋ1$785(0$1$*(0(17 has been going on for a month now mon with the Oostvaardersplassen than you might think. In ,QYHVWLJDWLQJLPSDFWRIHJJ and will continue until October. The both areas, large ruminants keep the vegetation under con- JDWKHULQJ builders are moving in stages trol, and in both parks it is human beings who have created Wageningen will be investigating through the building at Haringkade, the right conditions. The wandering herbivores didn’t come the decline in lapwing numbers in where 110 people work. The renova- here of their own accord, and most of them are not indige- tion work follows the decision two nous. And you have to pay an entrance fee to look at the ani- years ago that the IJmuiden location mals. would be kept on for the next few In Africa the game parks are only visited by rich whites, and years at least. The former library is that is something they do have in common with the Oostvaar- being converted into a meeting dersplassen, if I understand the forest service’s intentions room and the 400 metres of books correctly. A two-hour excursion for a maximum of ﬁ ve people have been moved to the Forum li- is going to cost a mere 300 euros (not including VAT), the bro- brary on campus. chure tells me. And if you wish, a table will be spread for you The makeover is not merely aesthe- in amongst the wild animals. Now that, on the other hand, is tic; the electrics are also being re- something you’d be ill-advised to do in an African game park. placed and there will be energy- -RRS6FKDPLQ«H eﬃ cient lighting. RK

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students the same treatment as ingen Master’s programmes ence; Management, Economics ð ([HFXWLYH%RDUGZLOOSD\WKH science students on a two-year should distinguish themselves by and Consumer Studies; and Deve- ŊQHIRURQH\HDUPD[ Master’s programme. ‘The social their quality, so that students go lopment and Rural Innovation. ð è6WXGHQWVQHHGVRPHOHHZD\WR sciences Master’s programmes are on opting for the two-year social This involves 100 to 120 students WDNHDELWORQJHUé accredited as two-year program- science programme. per year. The compensation is sub- mes, so those students should also Compensation will be available ject to the proviso that they finish have some leeway to take a bit lon- to students on the programmes in the course. It is estimated that it Dutch students on a two-year Wa- ger.’ Kropff shares the view of the International Development Stu- will cost the university 200,000 to geningen Master’s programme in Mol commission, that the Wagen- dies; Applied Communication Sci- 250,000 euros per year. $6 the social sciences can complete the programme without incurring the ‘Halbe fine’. The executive board has decided to compensate these students for a maximum of one year for the additional tuition fees they have to pay, more than 3,000 euros. This arrangement su- persedes an earlier, temporary measure and and follows the advice of a commission which publis- hed its findings on the future of the social science Master’s earlier this year. The Wageningen social sciences Master’s programmes were at risk from the newly introduced fine for slow students. Because the ministry only offers funding for one year on a Master’s program- 5(129$7('632576&(175(

me, the second year is seen as an GUY ACKERMANS PHOTO: extension. Students who go be- ,I\RXZDQWWRZRUNXSDVZHDWWKHUHLVSOHQW\RIVSDFHWRGRVRDWWKH%RQJHUGVSRUWVFHQWUHLQ:DJHQLQJHQWKHVHGD\V yond those two years – the majority $QH[WHQVLRQKDVGRXEOHGWKHVL]HRIWKHVSRUWVFHQWUHPDNLQJLWSRVVLEOHWRH[SDQGWKHŊWQHVVIDFLOLWLHVDQGFUHDWH – will immediately face the ﬁne. QHZGDQFHDQGVSLQQLQJVWXGLRV7KHRŌFLDORSHQLQJLVRQ7KXUVGD\0DUFKNLFNLQJRŉZLWKDVSLQQLQJPDUDWKRQLQ Not fair, says rector Martin Kropff, DLGRIFKDULW\ $OSHGé+X=HV DWVL[RéFORFN6WXGHQWVZHUHDEOHWRXVHWKHH[WHQVLRQIURP-DQXDU\EXWZHUHDVNHGWR who wants to give social sciences EHDELWŋH[LEOHWKHUHZHUHIHZHUPDFKLQHVDYDLODEOHDQGZLWKDKROHLQWKHRXWVLGHZDOOWKHKDOOZDVLF\FROG /YG1

$1$/<6,6 STUDENT-FRIENDLY UNIVERSITY t is no coincidence that Wageningen always The question is, how long the university will sion, it will cost them even more. Are Wagen- ,gets high marks from its students in the be able to keep this up. The two-year social ingen’s Master’s programmes in the social Dutch guide to higher education. It is a student- sciences Master’s programme already costs sciences worth an extra loan of 3,000 euros? friendly university. The latest evidence of this the university extra teaching time, and now an Do students think they can recoup the extra in- is that its board intends to compensate social estimated 200,000 euros will be added in com- vestment later on the labour market? Recruit- sciences Master’s students for the fine they in- pensation for the government’s penalizing of ment figures for the social science Master’s cur for going ‘over time’ with their studies. the students. programmes over the coming years will pro- This means they will not suffer from the fact The move would seem to make Wagenin- vide the answer to this question. that their Master’s programme takes two gen’s two-year Master’s programmes an attrac- If recruitment does take a dent, it won’t be years, while the government only offers fun- tive alternative to the one-year programmes the university’s fault, as it is prepared to com- ding for one year. While other universities con- offered elsewhere, but it will still cost the stu- pensate students for the 3,000 euro ‘Halbe sider one year enough for their social science dents more. After all, the basic grant for Mas- fine’. And that measure does seem to be having Master’s programmes, Wageningen insists on ter’s students is being scrapped from next an impact: according to the Resource survey, it two-year programmes, and accepts the financi- year, so students on a one-year Master’s are is already influencing the behaviour and al consequences of the choice. In doing so, the going to have to fork out about 3,000 euros ex- choices made by one in five students. university invests in the quality of its degree tra per year. Those on a two-year programme $OEHUW6LNNHPD programmes. will need twice that, and if they need an exten-

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getting better at promoting their This is a dead-end street, in the ð 0RUHVWXGHQWVDUHVZLWFKLQJ Master’s programmes. Groen ex- ð 6KDUSDQDO\VHVDW9HHWHOHUVé view of many speakers at the sym- XQLYHUVLW\IRUWKHLU0DVWHUéV pects to see further increases in MXELOHHV\PSRVLXP posium. The Veetelers are celebra- the mobility of students after their ð 3URŊWVIURPPHDWGRQéWJRWR ting their 50th anniversary. Bachelor’s degrees. ‘Students are IDUPHUV While it used to be the govern- Figures from Wageningen Univer- becoming more flexible, in part ment who imposed demands on sity show that students are increas- thanks to their extensive social intensive livestock farming, nowa- ingly likely to choose a Master’s at networks.’ Supermarkets and action groups days this is done by supermarkets a different university after obtai- determine the kind of meat we eat and animal welfare groups such as ning their Bachelor’s degree. In 3238/$5352*5$00(6 nowadays. This analysis emerged Dierenbescherming and Wakker 2007 a mere eight students chose More than a quarter of the Wagen- at the symposium organized by Dier. Wyno Zwanenburg, chair of to follow their Wageningen BSc ingen students who pack their study association De Veetelers on the Dutch Pig Farmers’ union, is with an MSc elsewhere in the Ne- bags after their BSc opt for Utrecht 28 February. Sustainability is the pleased since this is the only way therlands; by 2011 that number University. Nijmegen and the VU new creed for intensive livestock pig farmers can earn more. But had increased to 47. The reverse University Amsterdam are also farming. It requires livestock far- they do need to formalize this in flow, of BSc graduates coming fairly popular. Last year, the most mers to improve animal welfare, agreements with buyers in the from other Dutch universities to popular Wageningen MSc pro- spare the environment and cut meat chain. The profits go to the do an MSc in Wageningen, rose grammes among students from down on antibiotics. This takes supermarkets, butchers and feed from 18 to 100 in the same period. other universities were Forest and some getting used to, as farmers suppliers, whereas most pig far- So the inflow from other universi- Nature Conservation (14), Interna- have for years been focussing ex- mers make a loss on their meat, ties is twice the size of the outflow. tional Development (13) and Ani- clusively on the cost price of meat. says Zwanenburg, quoting figures Ab Groen, Director of Corporate mal Sciences (10). The University’s Pork chops are cheaper now than from LEI. The Dierenbescherming Education & Research, thinks the figures do not include the inflow 25 years ago, although labour, land is concerned about this too. ‘Live- introduction of the Bachelor-Mas- from foreign institutions, which is and animal feed have become mo- stock farmers should supply quali- ter structure is now finally having larger. $6 re expensive and farmers have to ty products and be paid according- an effect. The universities are also invest in environmental measures. ly,’ said director Frank Dales. $6

You came 97th in the Beverbeek Classic and 77th ‘I AM IN last weekend in the Vlaamse Pijl. Are things 4827( NO PAIN going in the right direction? ‘Do lots of weeding and pruning, and make a nice AT ALL ‘Yes, things are definitely going in the right direc- compost heap’ tion. I do notice I am not on top form yet. Especially Gardening can help if you are feeling gloomy, but don’t do the detailed work if you NOW’ on the Flemish hills. I am not at the level I was at are angry, advises Alterra psychologist Agnes van den Berg (NRC, 28 February) before the fall yet.’ How was it to be back in action? ‘Great. A couple of times during the first race I rea- .,72 lized: I am back in the running again, this is really wonderful. And lots of cyclists talk to you about it.’ Not a shock? ‘I am still careful, but not too scared. That is because I don’t remember anything about the fall. From 15 minutes before it happened until 12 minutes after it. I have no images of it. That helps. And what is more, I am not in pain anymore at all.’ You were scraped off the asphalt more dead than alive. Is it worth that? :KR"Pim de Beer ‘(Silence) That’s a good question. If I had known for :KDW"Racing cyclist sure beforehand that this would happen to me, I and student of Inter- might have stopped. But on the other hand: you get national Land and so much out of it. And the chances of it happening Water Management to me again are very small.’ :K\"Back on the Will you get back to your old level? team after a bad fall ‘I am assuming so. Towards May/June I should be near Wageningen fit enough to compete among the pros again. And last August during otherwise, I always have my degree course still. I do the central Nether- also have a future after the cycling. But the cycling lands circuit gets priority for now.’ RK 6WXG\VWUHVVè$DDUJKéè'HDU+DQV&RQJUDWXODWLRQVRQ\RXUGHJUHHDQG\RXUEXUQRXWé

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microbiologists did with the Pseu- Leprince then identified the genes ð %DFWHULXPVXUYLYHVUDQGRP domonas putida bacterium. And that had been removed and started èSUXQLQJéRI'1$ successfully, too. The bacterium on another round of reduction. ð 0HWKRGPDNHVLQGXVWULDOEDF- turned out to be perfectly able to ‘Of course, the big question is: WHULDPRUHVWDEOHDQGHŌFLHQW manage without 7 percent of its ge- how far can we go?’ says Leprince. netic material. The researchers She does the sums: there are about will be publishing an article on 5,400 genes in the bacterium. Of Bacteria are often the ideal machi- their technique in a forthcoming these, about 1,500 are essential nes for industry. The inputs they edition of Environmental Microbio- and then there are some genes re- require are cheap substances such logy. /HSULQFHUHGXFHGWKHVL]HRIJHQRPHV lated to growing conditions. ‘Ulti- as amino acids and sugar, and E\UHPRYLQJSDUWVDWUDQGRP mately, I think we can wipe out at their outputs are valuable products )$67$1'&+($3 least half of the genome. Why not?’ such as bioplastics. The production ‘Bacteria can easily do without The advantage of the method is processes involved are cheap and many genes because they are not Leprince streamlined the ge- its speed and relatively low cost. in many cases sustainable. But the- essential or only under specific nome by removing parts of it at Other methods demand prior se bacteria were not of course de- circumstances’, says Audrey random. To do this she first intro- knowledge of the sequence in or- signed for our convenience but for- Leprince, researcher at the Labora- duced a target sequence in two der to remove specific pieces of it. med by natural selection. So they tory of Systems and Synthetic Bio- randomly selected places. Then Leprince thinks her method can can be made even more efficient logy. ‘A reduced genome of this she forced the bacterium to make therefore be used straightaway in for our purposes. kind makes the bacterium more a recombination enzyme that cuts other bacteria. What is more, it One method that does not seem stable, more predictable and more the DNA in the target sequences helps scientists gain insight into an obvious choice, however, is ran- efficient.’ The perfect ‘chassis’ for and glues the loose ends together. the way the bacterium works. After domly removing pieces of DNA. Yet designing an industrially service- As long as no essential gene is all, it reveals which genes are es- that is exactly what Wageningen able bacterium. missing, the bacterium survives. sential and when. RR

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The tide has to turn in the fisheries sector. Fishers should aim at a balanced catch instead of a selective one. This also means more fish varieties on the menu. This 7RGD\éVŊVKLQJ plea is made by a group of inter- LQGXVWU\LV national scientists in Science. FKDUDFWHUL]HGE\ Among them is the Wageningen VHOHFWLYHŊVKLQJ fisheries biologist Adriaan Rijns- RIRQO\DIHZ dorp from Imares. Today’s fishing FRPPHUFLDOO\ industry is characterized by selec- LQWHUHVWLQJ tive fishing of only a few commer- YDULHWLHV cially interesting varieties. This causes permanent damage to cies. And this keeps the balance in advantages. Fishing for more fish and dab will have to be brought to ecosystems, and can even lead to an ecosystem intact. species and a wider range of sizes the market. You can process any- the total disappearance of will result in bigger catches and li- thing you can’t sell into fishmeal. species. 8723,$1 mits the negative effects on nature, This is the challenge facing the Rijnsdorp is strongly convinced The researchers use a model study says the study. sector.’ that staying on this course will get to support the new fishing me- In the new fishing method, ‘It still sounds utopian at the us nowhere. ‘We need another ap- thod. This study measures the ef- there is no bycatch. In theory, moment,’ admits Rijnsdorp. ‘And proach.’ Balanced fishing is what fects of the old selective fishing everything which comes out of the there are no actual examples in he calls the new way to fish. A sim- method and those of the new ba- water gets used. In practice, says the industry yet. But this is defi- ple idea, really, he admits. You lanced ‘total fishing’. The results Rijnsdorp, this means product di- nitely the way ahead for the fish- catch less of more different spe- show that total fishing has more versification. ‘Even smaller plaice eries.’ RK

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to the essence of the design and copy that. ð :DJHQLQJHQUHVHDUFKHULPLWDWHV This is what I’m doing now.’ And this 9,6,21ǉǉ JHFNRVNLQ essence lies in the tiny hairs with the flaps. ð 6XUIDFHIXOORIèPDWWUHVVVSULQJVé Kamperman is trying to capture this è3ROLF\GRFXPHQWZLWKDVDYHD VHHPVPRVWSURPLVLQJ essence in plastic. She describes her first SXSS\IHHOWRLWé attempts in the latest issue of Acta Biomate- rialia. Kamperman’s gecko foot is a little 6WDWH6HFUHWDU\%OHNHUSXEOLVKHGKLV$QLPDO:HOID- Dancing on the ceiling. Lionel Ritchie’s plastic sheet (polydimetylsiloxane) covered UHDQG$QLPDO+HDOWKSDSHUDWWKHHQGRI)HEUXDU\ smash hit in the eighties. The video clip with countless tiny rods which resemble +DQV+RSVWHU9+/OHFWXUHULQ$QLPDO:HOIDUH shows him walking upside down on the tiny studs measuring about ten micro- WKLQNVWKHGRFXPHQWVKRZVOLWWOHYLVLRQRUDPELWLRQ ceiling. Trick photography, of course. metres in diameter. A gecko would not DQGKDVDVHULRXVIHHO Flies can do it, however, as can countless recog nize itself in the system, but it works. other insects. Among the bigger animals To a certain extent, that is. Kamperman’s ‘Bleker is lowering his sights where animal welfare is with this ability, the gecko stands out. It gecko skin adheres well to a surface of pure concerned. His predecessor, Gerda Verburg, still wan- can run upside down effortlessly. silicon. But hardly any surface is as smooth ted to play an active role in improving animal welfare, Geckos can do this because of complex as that. The wheels fall off when the surface for instance by concluding covenants with the structures on their feet, explains chemist is a little rougher. ‘So you need to do more livestock farming sector, but Bleker is leaving every- Marleen Kamperman. These are bundles than just make tiny rods,’ she concludes. thing to the EU and the markets. He talks about a ‘ba- of tiny hairs each ending in a sort of little Kamperman looks for that something extra sic level’ but this is really another term for a minimum flap. Quite unaided, hundreds of in a higher resolution in the material: even level of welfare. thousands of these little flaps stick to any more tiny rods. The state secretary focuses in the policy document on surface by adhesion. The current theory is animal transport and slaughtering methods. It is true that the work is done by so-called Van der %/2&.&232/<0(56 that these are key welfare issues but he does not say Waals forces. But Kamperman says it is One way Kamperman is now trying to ob- where he wants to go with livestock holding. The em- not completely clear what the mechanism tain that higher resolution is by making phasis now is on enforcement, there is no mention of is. rods from things called block copolymers. the five animal freedoms anymore and natural beha- These are polymers which take on a certain viour no longer seems to be a target. There is also )/$36 shape through self-assembly. In this case, it nothing at all in this paper about consumers’ involve- Not that it matters. It is not Kamperman’s is a helix. The result is a surface densely ment with animal welfare. Pets are given a relatively aim to reproduce gecko feet in exact de- covered with countless spirals, like a cut- large amount of attention and the document has a tail. ‘That wouldn’t be wise. A gecko foot is open mattress. Being flexible, the spirals real 144 feel to it (the Save an Animal phone number), a very complex biological system. One can make firm contact and also let go easily a reflection of the PVV’s influence on the coalition should focus on the important things, get again. Eat your heart out, gecko! RK agreement. Of course pet welfare is important but there are only 4.4 million cats and dogs in the Nether- lands compared with more than 120 million farm animals, and Bleker has little to say about them. I know commercial players are offering Better Life meat that is above the statutory minimum welfare standards but initiatives like that are still fragile. In 2010 the market share of animal-friendly eggs and fresh and processed meat was only 1.7 percent, even if it had grown by 97 percent that year. Bleker does not even explain what the government means by animal welfare. The paper seems slapdash. It has no introduction or ending, it stops suddenly without a final chapter that draws conclusions. He does not give the reader the impression that he takes animal welfare seriously. People have really started to take action over the past five years but if the central government no longer has any ambitions, everyone will soon revert to doing nothing.’ $6

352326,7,21 ‘Democracy is not necessarily the best form of government’ 7KHJHFNRéVIRRWVWLFNVWRDQ\VXUIDFHE\DGKHVLRQZLWKRXWWKHKHOSRIRWKHUDJHQWV Martine Kos, PhD graduation on 16 March 2012 ,QVHW'HWDLO.DPSHUPDQéVèJHFNRIRRWé

8 March 2012 — RESOURCE

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Extra protein lowers the blood pressure of overweight people, concluded researchers from Wage- ningen, Groningen and Maastricht in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition last month. The University of Maastricht, which led this study, asked overweight test subjects to consume a drink with their meals for four weeks in a row. Half of the subjects were given a protein-rich drink that raised their protein intake by about ten percent in energy terms. The other half were given a carbo- hydrate drink. After one month, the subjects’ blood pressure was taken.

%,*())(&7 The blood pressure of those who had received extra protein was lower than that of those on extra car- (YDSRUDWHGVXUIDFHZDWHUFRPHVEDFNDVUDLQLQWKH*DQJHVGHOWD bohydrates. Their systolic pressure had gone down by almost 5 mm- Hg, and their diastolic pressure by after the monsoon, however, it of that recycled water is quite cru- 2.7. ‘That is a big effect for a nutri- ð /HVVZDWHUORVWWKURXJKLUULJD- works differently. According to cal- cial,’ explains Tuinenburg. ‘Wa- tion study’, says Marianne Geleijn- WLRQWKDQWKRXJKW culations by Obbe Tuinenburg and tershed managers often consider se, who contributed to the experi- ð (YDSRUDWHGPRLVWXUHUHF\FOHG his colleagues, sixty percent of the evaporation as a loss, but we have ment from Wageningen UR. ‘If the MXVWEHIRUHDQGDIWHUPRQVRRQ moisture that evaporates at the shown that this is only partly true.’ blood pressure of the entire Dutch height of the monsoon (May, June In his calculations, Tuinenburg population went down by five mm- and July) falls back into the river used atmospheric models ‘calibra- Hg, we would expect 14 percent Irrigation in India uses up about basin as rain. ted’ with data on Indian weather fewer deaths from strokes and one millimetre of its ground and collected over two decades. ‘This nine percent fewer deaths from surface water per day. Some of this &58&,$/())(&7 data set is the starting point. I then heart attacks’, says Geleijnse. water evaporates. Wageningen re- This is a small proportion of the add – in simplified terms - extra The researchers do not yet searchers from the Earth System total rainfall, however: just five know why the extra protein lowers Science and Climate Change percent. Tuinenburg: ‘The Indian è,QWKHGU\SHULRG blood pressure. Karianna Teunis- Group worked out where the Ocean supplies such a vast amount WKHHŉHFWRIUHF\FOHG sen-Beekman, a Maastricht PhD moisture ends up, and found that of water during the monsoon sea- ZDWHULVTXLWHFUXFLDOé researcher, is investigating this. the seasons have a strong influence son that this only represents a It may be that the additional pro- on its fate. The monsoon is the de- small proportion.’ The situation is water to this and see where it goes. tein causes changes in the func- cisive factor. very different in the months just It’s something like releasing a tioning of the kidneys, the bowels In summer, monsoon winds before and after the monsoon. batch of balloons.’ or the central nervous system, says bring in warm, moist ocean air Then, 30 to 50 percent of the eva- And it turns out that most of the Geleijnse. Because there is no from the south. In winter, dry, cool porated moisture returns to the balloons (the irrigation water) stay clarity yet on this mechanism or air is transported from the north, area as rain. ‘It is precisely in the in the area. Except in the winter. on the possible disadvantages of taking the water that evaporates in period just before the monsoon Tuinenburg: ‘But it’s not realistic an increased protein intake, the winter southwards, where it that there is a water shortage. Then to stop irrigating in the winter. In- consumers are not yet being disappears and can be considered you are happy with any rain you stead, the timing of the irrigation advised to raise their protein in- ‘lost’. Before, during and directly get. So in this dry period, the effect could be shifted slightly.’ RK take. $6P

RESOURCE — 8 March 2012

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FRORSKRQ ǋǋ5(6285&(:851/ Resource is the magazine and news website for students and staff at Wageningen UR. Resource magazine comes out every :HDUHSURXGRI\RX7KHZHEVLWHLVIXOORIFRQFUH second Thursday. WHGLVFXVVLRQVRQHGXFDWLRQFDELQHWSROLFLHVDQG 6XEVFULSWLRQV JUHHQHQHUJ\WKLVZHHN:HDUHYHU\FXULRXV A subscription to the magazine costs €58 DERXWZKDW\RXKDYHWRVD\DERXWWKHVXUYH\RQ (overseas: €131) per academic year. VWXG\SUHVVXUHLQWKLVLVVXHRI5HVRXUFH&DUU\RQ Cancellations before 1 August. $GGUHVV GLVFXVVLQJ Akkermaalsbos 12, 6708 WB Wageningen (Actio, Building 116, bode 31). POBox 409, *RWVRPHWKLQJWRVD\WRR"Email your views to [email protected]. 6700 AK Wageningen. Secretariat: Thea Kuijpers, [email protected]. T 0317 484020 Website: resource.wur.nl. ISSN 1389-7756 (GLWRULDOVWDŉ 32:(532,17" ð*DE\YDQ&DXOLO HGLWRULQFKLHI Koos Nijssen was thrilled with his electric bicycle, motivation and interest with which students begin [email protected], T 0317 482997 bought via Optare. Now he has a physically healthy and their studies.’ He is backed up immediately by -DV, ð5RE*RRVVHQV HGLWRU environmentally friendly way to travel from Arnhem to while &KRFRODW1RLU puts his pennyworth into the dis- [email protected], T 0317 485320 Wageningen. But going home is a bit of a problem, cussion on internships, another hot topic: ‘I do agree ð5RHORI.OHLV HFRORJ\VRFLDOVFLHQFHV economy) because the WUR has no charging station. Why didn’t that internships and practical experiences/ the acqui- [email protected], T 0317 481723 anyone tell Koos that before? sition of competences (the word makes me retch) are ð1LFROHWWH0HHUVWDGW ZHEHGLWRU overrated.’ His parting words are in English (to [email protected], 0317 488190 ‘Why didn’t Koos look into the charging station issue demonstrate a competence?): ‘A little less competen- ð/LQGDYDQGHU1DW VWXGHQWVHGXFDWLRQ beforehand? It seems like a typical case of an ill-con- ces, a bit more knowledge please.’ VHL), [email protected], 0317 481725 sidered purchase to me,’ says Resource journalist ð5RE5DPDNHU QXWULWLRQŊVKHULHV [email protected], T 0317 481709 5RE*RRVVHQV, returning the ball to Nijssen’s court. ),9(6$1'6,;(6 ð$OEHUW6LNNHPD SODQWDQGDQLPDOVFLHQ Others fi nd this remark rather uncalled for. After all, It may well be the biggest educational taboo: lowering ces, organization) the university encourages such a purchase. Or, as the standard to get higher returns. So even if the Volks- [email protected], T 0317 481724 /HRYDQGH+HLMGHQ puts it: ‘Koos is not stupid; Koos is krant newspaper exaggerates somewhat by saying that /D\RXW a pioneer, fully in tune with the sustainability ‘pity sixes’ are the order of the day in universities, it ð+DQV:HJJHQKDQVZHJJHQ#ZXUQO standard we are aiming for.’ Goossens is not has touched a raw nerve. But no-one seems surprised T 0317 485272; basic magazine design: Nies & Partners bno Nijmegen impressed by this green optimism. Electric bicycles anymore… )UHHODQFHMRXUQDOLVWV are only handy under certain conditions. Will Wagen- Kees van der Ark, Mariska van den Berg, ingen do anything about these? Luckily, Koos himself ‘It’s really bad that this is happening, but (unfortuna- Irene Boers, Alexandra Branderhorst, is still keen on the e-bicycle: ‘In my case, electric tely) that doesn’t surprise me at all,’ says 0DUOLHV. ‘I Karin Flapper, Stijn van Gils, Simone Her- cycling clocks up nice savings and I feel great.’ know of several cases myself.’ She points to the way rewijn, Ruben Higler, ir Yvonne de Hilster, Vita Hommersen, Sander de Kraker, Karin universities are fi nanced. This time, -+ agrees with de Mik, Suzanne Overbeek, ir Rik Nijland, .12:/('*(5$7+(57+$1&203(7(1&< her wholeheartedly: ‘That’s right, the fi nancing. The Tom Rijntjes, ir Astrid Smit, Agnes Tol, ir. Three education specialists from the Dutch Lower problem is just that more graduates = more money. Joris Tielens, Evelyne Wolters-Mulder, House, the rector magnifi cus and an audience raring to And perhaps too, more graduates = more bonus.’ More Hoger Onderwijs Persbureau go. The student council of VeSte had put together all real-life examples follow. ‘Sounds familiar,’ says %%. 7UDQVODWRUV the ingredients needed for a lively debate on success ‘During teamwork on my MSc, I often worked with stu- Clare McGregor, Keen-Mun Poon, Clare Wilkinson in studying. Politicians crossed swords concerning cabi- dents obviously lacking in academic competencies.’ 3KRWRJUDSK\ net policies, but they were also strict towards their Plagiarism, missing references and bad sources, all Guy Ackermans, Bart de Gouw, Sjoerd audience. ‘Students should themselves aspire to study the sins in the book are committed, he says. 5ROI gets Sijsma, Hoge Noorden, Manon Bruininga 40 hours a week.’ the last word. According to him, distorted fi nancial ,OOXVWUDWLRQV incentives do not play a role here: ‘In fact, Wagenin- Esther Brouwer, Miesjel van Gerwen, Guido de Groot, Yvonne Kroese, One of the students who were present continues the gen has a system for lecturers or chair groups in Annemarie Roos, Henk van Ruitenbeek discussion on the binding study recommendation which the fi nancing does not depend on degrees (GLWRULDOERDUG (BSA) online: ‘It’s questionable whether a BSA attained or marks scored.’ In this sense, a four in Martijn de Groot (chair); Ad Bot, Jouke does indeed lead to better results. In addition, Wageningen is as valuable as an eight. But, lazy Dykstra, Marianne Heselmans, Marco imposing a standard often dulls the intrinsic students: don’t take this too literally. Hoff man, Dr Patrick Jansen, Robin Kraaij, Prof. Cees van Woerkum. $GYHUWLVLQJ External, Bureau van Vliet, T 023-5714745, [email protected] Internal (reduced rate), Hans Weggen, T 0317-485272, [email protected] 3XEOLVKHU Viola Peulen, Corporate Communications Resource is printed on paper sourced from sustainably

ILLUSTRATION: ESTHER BROUWER ESTHER ILLUSTRATION: managed forests

8 MMarcharch 2012 — RRESOURCEESOURCE

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Survey STUDY STRESS: the new norm

RESOURCE — 827 March augustus 2012 2009

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Today’s students in the Netherlands are under increasing pressure to achieve. Where they used to be able to take their time over getting a degree, interspersing courses with internships or voluntary work, they are now expected to graduate as fast as possible. Resource asked around about stress levels. ‘I couldn’t sleep and often cried at night.’ text: Rob Ramaker, Linda van der Nat, Nicolette Meerstadt / photos: Guy Ackermans

ropping up the bar at all hours, lying abed till four pm, hanging out with friends and occasionally getting your course books out. This per- ACTIVE STUDENT: sistent caricature perception of the lazy eter- nal student bears little relation to the facts. SACHA VAN DALEN, More than 40 percent of students in the Ne- fifth-year student of Animal Sciences Ptherlands experience levels of stress severe enough to affect their private life negatively. They suffer from loss of sleep, fear of failure, anxiety or extreme frustration. This picture emerges from a survey instigated by Resource and ‘I spent a year on the Aiesec board and in my conducted by ten Dutch higher education magazines. We first year I fell two months behind with my stu- sent questionnaires to 5,200 university students on both dies. Now I am doing loads besides my degree theoretical and applied courses, 500 of them at Wagenin- course. In the KSV I am active in a sorority gen UR institutions. The number of stressed-out students board and I am organizing a week of activities in Wageningen appears to hover around the national for the society’s jubilee. And I play rugby, which average. The undisputed stress capital of the Netherlands involves two training sessions a week as well as is Delft, where more than half the students suffer. competitions. And I am the team manager. No one seems too surprised to hear that students are It is quite a load to do all this besides my studies, under a lot of pressure. ‘Stress no longer affects just a few but, well, everyone says they are busy. The more you isolated cases; it is almost the norm’, responds Pascal ten do, the more you can keep things in perspective, I Have, chair of student union LSVb. He sees a direct connec- reckon. I do notice that in the current four-week period tion with cabinet policy. ‘Because of all the government’s the pressure is higher. If I just miss a bit of a course, there measures, students have to achieve more.’ State secretary is far less time in which to catch up, certainly with a resit Zijlstra, the architect of this policy, responds almost laco- as well. Luckily, I am old enough to avoid the fine on slow nically. ‘A little bit of stress is not bad; you have to deal students. Not that I would do less, though. I pass my with it in your work later as well.’ He points out that sur- courses on time and my extracurricular activities give veys among workers show that they too suffer from stress. me energy to keep on enjoying my studies. I am not very ambitious when it comes to grades. I couldn’t do STUDY LOAD all this and get eights as well.’ Objectively seen, students don’t seem to be all that busy studying. Nationwide, for example, about 70 percent of

8 March 2012 — RESOURCE

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Women and international students Fewer Master’s students due to time limit experience the most stress Bachelor’s students who are not influenced Bachelor’s students who are influenced by the threatened fine in their decision by the slow students fine (18%) percentage of WU & VHL students who sometimes experience over a Master’s (82%) levels of stress that affect their private lives 50 47 47 % 44 41 30% 51% 45% 33% 40

20 19 19% 22%

10 I am going to do a Master’s I am not going to do a Master’s I am not sure 0 Average Master’s students Women International Students living at home Figures for both WU & VHL

VHL students work shorter hours 100 VHL WU 50

% 41 40

30 26 26 21 22 22 20 14 15 12 10

1 0 <10 hours 11-20 hours 21-30 hours 31-40 hours > 40 hours average number of contact hours plus hours of independent study

applied sciences students spend less than 30 hours a week Study load is not the only factor in study stress, it studying. At universities, this goes for about 55 percent. seems. Mulder believes that another major factor is the Broadly speaking, these figures match earlier national combination of a student’s personality, intellectual capa- studies, confirms Martin Mulder, professor of Education city and ambitions. The survey certainly shows that at Wa- and Competency Studies. ‘It seems that many program- geningen there is no clear correlation between hours mes are too light and too easy.’ spent studying and stress levels. The only exception to this Wageningen students do better than the national is the group of students who study for more than 40 hours, average on this point. About 40 percent of all VHL stu- 60 percent of whom feel under pressure. The survey does dents spend at least 30 hours a week studying and at the reveal striking differences in stress levels between diffe- university, at least 60 percent do so. rent groups of students. International students such as Ri- You have had an any (see box) often suffer from stress (52 percent). The extension of... PERSONALITY most common form of stress in this group is fear of failu- Ten Have emphasizes the value of contact hours. He belie- re, as is confirmed by André Godkewitsch, for many years At Dutch universi- ves there is a limit to what you can expect from indepen- Wageningen UR’s student doctor. ‘It is difficult for them, ties, 40 percent of dent study: ‘Very many students want to work harder and in a strange country with a different climate and an in- all students have be challenged, but at many universities you don’t get more comprehensible language.’ Cultural differences play a had an extension on than seven or eight contact hours.’ But Anne-Wil Lucas, big role too. ‘For non-western students another factor is their degree course. conservative VVD party MP, points out that students are often that they are afraid of failing. If they don’t go home In applied sciences, free to choose for themselves whether to take a degree with a degree, they feel that as loss of face. That puts a lot this goes for only course with many contact hours or with few: ‘Students at of pressure on them.’ 22 percent of all Wageningen have opted expressly for a small-scale univer- Active students such as Sacha (see box) form a group students. sity with intensive degree programmes.’ that suffers relatively little study stress. It is not a strong

RESOURCE — 8 March 2012

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Battle of the sexes

Nationwide, 34 percent of men students experience severe stress, compared with 46 percent of women students. Can the diﬀe- rence be put down to the gap in ambition and achievement? FOREIGN STUDENT: RIANY ANANTI MUSFIRA second-year Master’s student of Food and Technology from Indonesia

‘In my first year I was under a lot of pressure. This is the first time for me to study abroad, and I am not used to studying in English. You find yourself in a whole new world. What is more, my background is not in food technology, but in agriculture. So the courses were incredibly difficult. I failed one course in the first period and another one later in the year. I got a grant to come here and so there was an evaluation after one year. I was very agitated about that. I couldn’t sleep and I often cried at night. I had a lot of contact with my family and with my boyfriend in Indonesia. Sadly, the relationship ended, partly due to the stress and partly due to the dis- Fine, what fine? tance and the time difference. What has helped the most has been working together with a 14 percent of all Dutch classmate, who taught me a lot. We studied for exams toge- students feel sure the fine ther. We covered a lot of ground and that made studying a lot on slow students is going easier. Fortunately, my grant was extended and I have deve- to affect them. 29 percent loped a good study routine. I have extended my thesis some- may incur the fine and 4 what and that means I can compensate for the courses I fai- percent still have no idea led. I have nearly finished it and now I just have to do an in- what the new rule says. ternship.’

correlation, but people who spend more time at clubs, or student years. ‘By getting experience of living indepen- engaged in sports or even part-time jobs, consistently suf- dently early on in life, you have fewer problems later on.’ fer less from stress. People without extra activities more often feel overloaded. Seeking an explanation for this THE ‘HALBE LEVY’ brings you up against a chicken-and-egg question: are re- The big question this academic year is how much the new laxed students more active? Or do extracurricular activi- Dutch cabinet’s policies will affect study stress levels. ‘The ties make for more relaxed students? ‘I think both are fine on slow students is hanging like a big black cloud over true’, says Ten Have. ‘It helps you to let off steam if you do students’ heads’, says Socialist Party MP Jasper van Dijk. something apart from studying, and meet new people. ‘It’s OK for students to get stressed because of an inten- That is important.’ sive degree programme, but stress shouldn’t come from Another noticeably relaxed category of students is financial pressure.’ Some of the survey respondents were those living at home. Only 20 percent of the Wageningen worried about this too. ‘Terrible’, scribbled one of them in students who live at home experience stress. What is mo- large letters next to the questions about the fine. re, they less often seek the help of a psychologist or study At present it is hard to say how bad the financial pres- advisor. This is logical, says Mulder. ‘At home they are in sure will get. The survey does show, however, that the po- the safe environment of Hotel Mama. For students who licy is causing students to have second thoughts about live out, there is less social control.’ But he does not con- going on to postgraduate study. Nationally, 20 percent of clude from this that everyone should stay at home for their students are changing their minds about doing a Master’s

8 March 2012 — RESOURCE

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Wageningen students spread their wings

Only 6 percent of all Wageningen University students stay at home; 75 percent live in a student house. Nationally, as many as 30 percent of all students live with THE WRONG CHOICE: their parents and only 51 RONALD SLOFSTRA percent live in a student fourth-year student of Forensic house. Sciences at VHL Leeuwarden

‘In my second year of Forensic Sciences I realized that I didn’t want to work in a lab. I would rather go into journalism. This year a rule is being introduced that you have to pay the full tuition fees for a second Ba- chelor’s degree, which is much more. The Not wanted: a job decision was soon made and I went to Gro- ningen University to do a Bachelor’s. Then Relatively few Wagenin- they came up with the fine for slow stu- gen students have a job dents, which I could only avoid by finishing alongside their degree my VHL degree after all. Now I am trying to do as many modules as I can and to do pre- course: about 55 percent paratory courses for the Master’s I want to at the university and 35 do in Journalism. But all the difficulties percent at VHL. National- have made me have second thoughts. All ly, 32 percent of university the uncertainty around continuously chan- students and 23 percent of ging rules is quite a headache. I made applied science students choices without knowing what new rules do not have jobs. What is were going to be introduced. If they now more, students at the take away our free public transport, it will Wageningen institutions

FOTO: HOGE NOORDEN FOTO: be the last straw.’ work shorter hours.

because of the slow student fine. Of these, one fifth are not these cuts together and even a short extension on your stu- going to pursue further study, one third are going to do dies starts to have serious knock-on effects. VHL student another (easier) course, and half do not know yet. ‘The Ronald (see box): ‘It’s a case of: choose the right degree new rule is casting a long shadow in front of it’, says Mul- programme from the start, or tough luck.’ der, who was shocked by these figures. ‘Perhaps we are going to follow the US, where many Bachelor’s graduates NO PITY first go out to work and come back later to do a part-time How politicians interpret the survey results depends a lot Master’s.’ on their own political leanings. State Secretary Zijlstra Eight percent of Bachelor’s students have decided not thinks it will be a good thing if students make their choice to go on to a Master’s because of the new fine. ‘Out of a to- of degree more carefully. Jasper van Dijk is afraid young tal of 670,000 students, this means that a large number people from lower income brackets will now be less likely will not gain the qualification they really want’, responds to embark on degree courses. Anne-Wil Lucas refuses to Ten Have. What is more, this is just one of the measures. feel pity for the students. ‘They have their own responsibi- The government is also going to restrict the free public lities. I am worried about the competitiveness of Dutch transport hitherto offered to students and scrap the basic students. They are not going to be up to the competition grant for Master’s students. with their Chinese counterparts, for example. They work In fact, the idea of scrapping the basic grant for all stu- much harder and set much higher standards for themsel- dents is almost palpably in the air in The Hague. Take all ves.’

RESOURCE — 827 March augustus 2012 2009

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‘Stress from what I do besides my studies’

What does the life of a modern student look like? At Resource’s request, DAAN VAN VLIET, second year student of Biotechnology, kept track of exactly how he spent his time for one week.

Was it a typical week? ‘‘No, it wasn’t. I did less studying than I usually do. This time I spent four hours of the weekend studying, but I usually study twice as much, not counting lectures. This was the ﬁrst week of the new study period. Then you still have to get going.’

Do you always spend that much time on Pulse? ‘It was the launch week of student union Pulse, and I wanted to contribute to that. But that was an incidental extra.’

Anything else this week that was unusual? ‘I had bought a new guitar, so I spent a lot of time on that. It took me one and a half hours to string it. I also practised a lot for a performance Daan van Vliet: ‘Watching TV is dumb.’ with my band. We usually practise on Wednes- day evenings, but the drummer had fallen and What course are you doing at the moment? Do your studies stress you out? hit his head.’ ‘Cell Physiology and Genetics. It’s a nice course ‘Not really, I get more stressed from what I do al- and you have a bit more independence than in ongside my studies. You have to keep an over- Do you never watch TV? most other courses. So more independent stu- view, and do a lot of little things. My degree pro- ‘No, watching TV is dumb and a waste of time. dy.’ gramme is very clearly structured, though, and I We only have three channels at Droef and I don’t can work with that very well. I can cope with it know how the telly works. Occasionally I watch Likely to need an extension for your degree? and I like it, so it doesn’t take it out of me to ma- at a friend’s place if we are tired after a lecture.’ ‘No, I am right on schedule.’ ke an effort for it.’ AS

Monday 13 15.15 email 13.50 practical in the Forum 07.30 get up, set up Pulse promotion cam- 16.15 thesis fair at the Forum 16.30 tea with visiting student, tidy up, paign in Forum 16.50 sauna in Lunteren with my girlfriend play guitar 09.30 breakfast 01.00 go to bed 18.15 cook and eat dinner 10.15 lecture at the Dreijen 19.10 Pulse café in Arion 12.30 flyering for Pulse Wednesday 15 22.30 birthday party 13.15 lecture at the Lebo 08.30 get up, breakfast, email 00.00 go to bed 15.15 shopping 10.15 lecture at the Dreijen AGENDA 16.00 lunch 12.15 lunch Friday 17 16.45 computer 13.15 lecture at the Lebo 08.20 get up, breakfast 17.30 buy, cook and eat dinner 15.15 email, computer, play guitar 08.45 doctor at Duivendaal 20.45 have a beer, listen to music, play guitar 18.00 dinner, listen to music and have a beer 10.20 shopping, computer, laundry with friend with a friend 12.15 lunch with girlfriend 22.00 to café Daniels, behind the bar for Uni- 22.30 karaoke with Alchimica study associati- 14.00 computer, guitar maintenance tas on at Annie’s bar 14.30 laundry, cleaning, Pulse 01.30 bake bread 00.30 bake bread, go to bed 15.15 fill in questionnaire, collect book 16.00 watch a film, computer, play guitar Tuesday 14 Thursday 16 18.15 cook and eat 09.00 get up, breakfast, read, do the laundry 09.15 get up, breakfast 19.30 watch Trainspotting 10.15 lecture at the Dreijen 10.00 pick up visiting secondary school stu- 21.00 have a beer, listen to music with friends 12.30 lunch dents, lecture at the Dreijen 22.00 watch a performance at the Overkant 13.45 shopping for Pulse at Arion 12.15 lunch with the visiting students 01.00 go to bed

8 March 2012 — RESOURCE

(5(6SLQGG 18 >> picture

RESOURCE — 8 March 2012

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SULPHUR Millions of bacteria extract sulphur from waste water here at the Dutch village of Eerbeek. This is how Industriewater Eerbeek BV treats up to 12 million litres of waste water from three paper factories. The sulphur conversion technique was developed in the early nine- teen nineties by Wageningen professor Cees Buisman. Eerbeek was the ﬁrst place it was used, but there are now more than 100 installations all over the world, reports associates magazine Wageningen World this week. GvC, photo Hans Wolkers

8 March 2012 — RESOURCE

(5(6SLQGG 20 >> features Does Europe really want our potato?

Wageningen UR is developing an environmentally friendly potato with genes for resistance to a virulent potato disease. It is not clear what the chances are of successfully introducing this potato in technophobic Europe. Meanwhile it is very likely to be grown soon in China and the US. text: Albert Sikkema / photo: Bert Lotz

his is a gold mine. The world will not turn it’s ding methods. The EFSA therefore draws a line between back on this.’ Anton Haverkort has great ex- the cisgene potato and transgene crops (GMOs). For the pectations of his potatoes with resistance to latter there is an expensive and time-consuming procedu- Phytophthora, still the biggest scourge of the re for admission into EU countries. The procedure for potato farmer. Anyone who can bring crops developed by classical breeding methods is much Phytophthora under control will be a welcome shorter and cheaper. So the institute’s statement will ma- ‘Tguest at any farm or breeding company. ke it easier to launch the cisgene potato on the market. Haverkort leads the Wageningen research programme There is little cause for optimism, however. The EFSA DuRPh (Sustainable Resistance to Phytophthora). The advises the EU on food safety issues, but whether Europe- strategy of this programme is genetic modification using an politicians will adopt their advice is another matter. genes from the same species: cisgenesis. This form of ge- The standpoint of the Netherlands, which favours the ac- netic modification is not as controversial as transgenesis, ceptance of cisgene crops, is opposed by countries such as in which genetic material from other species is used. Ha- Austria and France, which want nothing to do with bio- verkort’s group is looking for a combination of three or technology. In general, anti-GMO feelings run high across The sentiment four resistance genes from wild potatoes that will protect Europe. in Europe potato cultivars from Phytophthora, which can as yet only be combatted using fungicides. The cisgenesis technique THE CONSUMER DECIDES is anti-gmo is much faster and has a better success rate than classical This technophobic mood is why biotechnology company breeding methods. BASF moved its GMO operations from Germany to the US last month. With this move, the last big biotechnology ANTI-GMOS company with GMO ambitions turned its back on Europe, Six years ago, Wageningen UR obtained a grant from the as other big firms had done ten years earlier. This affects Dutch government to develop the cisgene potato. Since the goals of Dutch breeding companies. For a long time, then Haverkort’s team have found a handful of resistance the logical choice for the marketing of the Wageningen genes and will be testing various combinations in field tri- cisgene potato seemed to be Avebe: a potato starch coope- als over the coming years. In four years’ time, when the rative that has already applied genetic modification in de- project ends, the publically funded research results will veloping a starch potato for industrial use. But for years, be made available to companies or government organiza- this potato has been caught up in an endless safety and tions interested in applying them. But the question is: admission procedure. Last year, Avebe started collabora- who is going to take it up? Last week the researchers had ting with BASF on the admission procedures. But with the some good news from the European food safety institute departure of BASF, Avebe will have to rethink its strategy. EFSA. The institute declared cisgenesis to be as safe for It is not at all certain that Avebe will be inclined to try the environment and for public health as classical bree- again with the Wageningen cisgene potato.

RESOURCE — 827 March augustus 2012 2009

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Crop farmers visit a Wageningen UR test plot.

And there are currently no other candidates standing in the wings. Dutch potato breeders are interested but their hands are tied because of public opinion, which does not SAFE OR UNSAFE? accept GMOs. ‘With these techniques you can develop potatoes with far better resistance’, says Sjefke Allefs of pota- Are crops created with the example. By comparing harmful proteins could to producer and supplier Agrico. ‘But around the turn of help of genetic modificati- the GMO with the parent theoretically be formed. the century we stopped doing genetic modification. We’re on really dangerous for plant, Rikilt can test The distinction between treading water now. All the potato breeding companies our health and the envi- whether this is actually techniques – classical, cis- are saying: we are not going to be the first to start. So it ronment? Without a doubt, happening. Contrary to genesis or GMO – is no doesn’t get off the ground.’ says Greenpeace. You cut Greenpeace’s claims, then, longer a good way to mea- Last year, Agrico even forbade its members to grow genes out of one organism the consequences are cal- sure safety, claims Rikilt. BASF’s GM potato. ‘We are a supply cooperative first and and stick them into ano- culable. The cisgene potato is de- foremost, and the consumer plays the decisive role. Our ther one without knowing Not only Rikilt but also the signed to resist Phytopht- biggest client is Algeria and they don’t want any GMOs. where the gene will end European food authority hora. This oomycete does We have to be able to guarantee that, and in that case you up. This causes the new EFSA does extensive safe- everything (without any don’t take any risks. The EHEC affair in horticulture has gene to react unpredicta- ty studies on GM crops. human intervention) that shown us that demand can suddenly tail off without any bly, says campaign leader ‘There are already Greenpeace has forbidden: well-founded reason for rejecting your product.’ Herman van Bekkem in thousands of studies pu- the genome copies junk Dutch agriculture newspa- blished that show that DNA and mutates con- CHINA per Agrarisch Dagblad last transgene crops produced stantly to make new pro- Does this mean the Wageningen research funding has month. It is true that the under certain conditions teins that can penetrate been thrown down the drain? No, says potato researcher genes enter the genome in pose no danger to public the potato. At present, the Bert Lotz. Besides the development of cisgene potatoes, a random order, says Ri- health or to the environ- potato disease can only be the researchers are also gaining a lot of insight into the kilt, the food safety insti- ment’, says Richard Visser, combatted with fungici- causes, the spread and the control of the pathogen. This tute which assesses GM professor of Plant Bree- des. There are potato va- generates a lot of genetic knowledge, which is useful for crops. And that creates a ding. After all, even in rieties with partial resis- classical breeders as well. Lotz: ‘I expect that the cisgene theoretical chance that the classical plant breeding, tance to Phytophthora, but potato will be feasible sometime in the future. But if soci- crop will make a new pro- where two parent plants phytopathologists are af- ety doesn’t want it, that’s it.’ His colleague Haverkort is tein. Which leads to a are cross-bred, we do not raid that this resistance more optimistic. ‘This potato will come eventually. Maybe small chance that this pro- know exactly where the may soon be broken. not in Europe, but there is interest in it in the US, China, tein causes an allergic re- target gene ends up in the Chile and Argentina.’ All countries whose agriculture po- action in people, for progeny. So here, too, licy is not technophobic.

8 March 2012 — RESOURCE

(5(6SLQGG 22 >> IMO I DO SOLEMNLY SWEAR…

In order to sharpen their ethical awareness, PhD graduates should have to take an equivalent of the Hippocratic Oath, philosopher Ingrid Robeyns of the Dutch Young Academy argued in a recent interview in the NRC Handelsblad daily newspaper. Good idea? text: Roelof Kleis, Albert Sikkema / illustration: Henk van Ruitenbeek

Ingrid Robeyns Professor of Practical Philosophy at but I doubt whether we can prevent it with an oath. I consi- the Erasmus University Rotterdam der it to be just part of normal social conventions that you ‘I hope an oath will make scientists are not allowed to commit fraud. Nor are you are allowed aware of the responsibility they bear. to steal other people’s results. We don’t need an oath to The oath should certainly include a make that clear either.’ statement that the researcher will pursue scientific truth and always Stefan Metz put that first. It should also refer to Chair of Wageningen PhD council the limits of science: it always offers the knowledge we ‘I doubt whether an oath of that kind have at the moment. It’s important to have this critical would contribute much; I don’t see attitude to science. Of course universities have codes of that it has added value. OK, you take conduct, but hardly anyone knows them. A PhD gradua- an oath. And then? As it stands, the tion would be a good moment to make a public statement: attitude is: we expect you to conduct I am now a scientist and will observe the rights and your research with correctness and responsibilities that go with that status. I think the way integrity. And in practice it is very difficult to cheat be- doctors take their oath is a solemn and symbolic moment. cause when you publish your results you have to share It’s the icing on the cake. But an oath is not the be-all and your methods and data with the editors so that if there is end-all. I really don’t believe that it solves the problems of any doubt, other people can replicate your research. I am academic fraud at one blow. But I do hope it helps scien- not against the taking of an oath as such, but it shouldn’t tists to stand their ground if others put pressure on them be a symbolic political gesture. I know that universities to cheat.’ already say something about a code of conduct when you graduate, but I have no idea what is in that code of con- Johan van Arendonk duct.’ Dean Wageningen University ‘Taking an oath seems superfluous Harke Pera to me. For some time already, the Ne- Wageningen PhD researcher and on therlands code of conduct for scien- the board of the Dutch PhD network tific practice has been mentioned ‘You won’t prevent fraud with an oa- during PhD graduation ceremonies. th like that. Diederik Stapel knew he When he bestows the degree, the rec- was doing wrong but that didn’t stop tor’s representative tells the candidate that the Board ex- him. The current system is clearly not pects him or her to accept responsibility for practising sci- watertight enough. The Young Aca- ence in accordance with the current Netherlands code of demy has proposed introducing an ‘integrity person’ who conduct for scientific practice. This code of conduct for actively checks whether research is being done with inte- sound scientific research applies to all academic staff, grity. Something like that could help make PhD resear- and therefore to PhD researchers too. As far as I know, no chers less dependent on their supervisors. This is some- oath is taken, but I question whether that is necessary. thing that came to light through the Stapel case: how de- Fraud is a terrible thing and very damaging to the sciences, pendent PhD students are on their supervisors for the im-

RESOURCE — 8 March 2012

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Barend van der Meulen plementation of their research. The PNN has previously Scientific policy researcher at the proposed bringing in an independent contact person who Rathenau Institute monitors the two-way agreements between the PhD re- ‘An oath does not have magical po- searcher and the supervisor and intervenes if necessary. wers but it might contribute to a bet- This could bring problems with the supervisor to light. I ter sense of responsibility among don’t think many researchers know the code of conduct scientists. But to make such an oath for scientific practice. What are your rights and obligati- work, it needs to meet certain condi- ons as a researcher? Taking an oath is one way of making tions. Firstly, scientific fraud should not be defined as the these explicit. But again, the main issue is that the system responsibility of an individual. From the Stapel case and needs changing.’ from instances in the USA, we know that research organi- zations also play an important role in combatting fraud. Lonneke van Leeuwen So they should take responsibility. Secondly, the oath PhD researcher in Communication should refer to a clearly defined practice for which you can Science, Wageningen formulate precise norms and values, as is the case in the ‘I think an oath is a good idea, in it- Hippocratic oath. That oath is specific to the medical pro- self. The more precisely you spell out fession, whereas PhD researchers end up in a wide range responsibilities, the better. But does of professions and in many different sections of society. that then mean that sanctions are So it might be more logical to take an oath on appoint- possible, and that people can comment as a researcher. Lastly, it should be very carefully for- plain about you? I wonder how you can approach that in mulated. For instance, it is proposed that the oath refers practice. If a doctor makes a mistake, someone’s health to the concept of ‘the pursuit of truth’, but there is a tensi- suffers, and that person can lodge a complaint. But how on between that and the idea that scientific knowledge is does it work with researchers? How do you measure the tentative and should always be subject to discussion. This damage done by bad scientific practice? In the Stapel case is what often makes the relationship between scientists it is clear that there were victims. But when is the damage and government and the role of scientists in court cases so big enough to merit sanctions? In short, an oath is a good tricky, too.’ idea but difficult to put into practice, I think.’

8 March 2012 — RESOURCE

(5(6SLQGG 24 >> student Tuition fee waiver for board members?

Wageningen students may soon dent Council is happy that the uni- be able to spend a year helping versity has not dismissed the plan to run a student society without in advance, as Nijmegen has done. fear of the ‘Halbe ﬁne’. At least ‘It does cost the institution money, Wageningen University has not after all’, says Sanne Mirck, who re- ruled this out in advance, as the presents VeSte on the Student Radboud University in Nijmegen Council. ‘The university misses out has done. Enough to give Student on tuition fees whereas it does pro- Council party VeSte hope. vide grants for board members out of the student support fund.’ Ne- The idea came from MPs Anne-Wil vertheless, Mirck hopes that a dif- Lucas (conservative VVD) and Bo- ferent decision will be made in ris van der Ham (liberal D66). They Wageningen, as Wageningen owes think State Secretary for Education much of its appeal as a student Halbe Zijlstra’s ﬁne targeting slow town to its societies. Even if tuiti- students must not be allowed to on fees are waived, it will not mean squeeze the life out of student or- that life is a bed of roses for stu- ganizations, many of which have dent society boards. On the contra- enough trouble recruiting people ry, they will not have free public to run them already. So at the end transport for that year, nor will

of February they submitted an ROB GOOSSENS PHOTO: they be eligible for loans from amendment saying that students Sanne Mirck (VeSte): ‘Wageningen owes much of its appeal as a student DUO. So VeSte would rather see doing fulltime board work for a so- town to its societies.’ The Hague making more far-rea- ciety should be allowed to suspend ching adjustments to the ruling. their studies for one year. Then decide for themselves whether to Only when the details of the propo- There is also no clarity yet on they would not have to pay tuition implement the regulation. And sal become clearer will the univer- whether the Wageningen society fees, and the year would not count there’s the rub, because the Rad- sity examine whether to implement board members would be allowed as an extension, perhaps incurring boud University in Nijmegen has it and if so how, says policy staff to continue using university facili- a ﬁne. already made it known that it will member Liesbeth van der Linden. ties such as computers, rooms and It is expected that a majority in not introduce a tuition-free year the Bongerd sports centre. Mirck: the lower house of parliament will for society board members. Will NO FREE PUBLIC TRANSPORT ‘VeSte would very much appreciate vote for the amendment and this Wageningen students be luckier? A cautious attitude, but neverthe- it if board members still had ac- regulation will come into force. For the present, the university is less cause for optimism among cess to these things.’ AB But it will be up to universities to keeping its cards close to its chest. Wageningen societies. The Stu-

VHL students stand out

Students at Van Hall Larenstein away from home. In Velp, Leeuwar- unique programmes attract Dutch stitutions. For example, as many as are exceptionally active and den and Wageningen, a full 60 per- students who live further away and 17 percent of the students belong likely to live away from home. In cent live in a student house, and are therefore more likely to move to a social club, compared with the this they are more like students only 23 percent are still staying at away from home. There are also a national average of 32 percent. at the ‘academic’ universities than ‘hotel Mama’. This is in strong relatively large number of foreign It also seems that VHL’s pro- those at many other applied contrast with other applied scien- students. The ‘broadest’ applied grammes are not among the ea- sciences universities. This picture ces institutions that took part in sciences institutions tend to at- siest: VHL students spend more emerges from Resource’s national the survey. Nationally, an average tract more students from close by. time on their studies and have fe- survey, which was intended to of 59 percent of students are still wer jobs on the side, and yet more measure study stress levels (see living with Mum and Dad, only 21 HEAVY PROGRAMMES of them need an extension to ﬁ- p.12) but also throws up other percent live in a student house and Thanks to all the students living nish their degrees. The other parti- information about the student the rest live independently in other nearby, student life at VHL is very cipating Universities of Applied population of the Netherlands. accommodations. lively. Student societies of almost Sciences were Rotterdam, Saxion The simplest explanation for all types have many members, and in Deventer, and Utrecht. A total of The most striking statistics concern this difference is the kind of de- they spend a lot of time on their so- 1,859 Applied Sciences students the number of students who live gree courses on offer at VHL. Its ciety, compared to other similar in- ﬁlled in the questionnaire. RR

RESOURCE — 8 March 2012

(5(6SLQGG student << 25

Osiris goes ‘Be more ambitious’ for Golden Emotions ran high during the ring student from Delft added that LOAN SYSTEM debate on successful studying Wageningen is too remote: ‘You But the event of the evening was Nose organized by the VeSte student can reach outer space faster than the moment when Tanja Jad- council on 28 February. Wageningen.’ nananansing (Labour Party) and A heavy delegation of Dutch MPs Boris van der Ham spoke out A week of clowning around has debated with Wageningen 40 HOUR WEEK against the student loan system. paid off for the Osiris student students. For the motion that students have Which they both supported during society. The society for VHL to study at least 40 hours weekly, the last elections. But they ma- students in Leeuwarden has In the style of the British House of the proposition’s side was almost naged to wriggle out of this tight been nominated by the Clini- Commons, students carried out a empty. It’s not the hours that spot. ‘I oppose this because this Clowns Foundation for the debate with Dutch members of count but the results, so went the cabinet does not channel the pro- Golden Nose, an award for the parliament Boris van der Ham (li- argument. But Jasper van Dijk of fits back into higher education,’ best fundraising initiative in beral-democratic D66 party), the Socialist Party did not agree; said Van der Ham. Needless to say, the country. Jasper van Dijk (Socialist Party), he feels that ambitions should be Anne-Wil Lucas (VVD), the only re- Anne-Wil Lucas (conservative VVD) higher: ‘Students should themsel- presentative of the ruling party, When Osiris celebrated its birth- and Tanja Jadnananansing (La- ves aspire to study 40 hours a did not agree. day last year during the society’s bour PvdA). Is Wageningen the week.’ Another flashpoint was the de- annual ‘Anniversie week’, various best university in the Netherlands? The motion ‘The usefulness of bate on the binding study recom- festive activities were organized This first motion, submitted by internships is exaggerated’ also mendation. A remarkable majority to raise funds for charity. The rector Martin Kropff, sparked off a drew hardly any supporters. But of the students were in favour, board members dressed up as lively discussion right from the Boris van der Ham (Democrats 66) while Anne-Wil Lucas of the VVD clowns to ask for donations from start. Although Wageningen Uni- agreed wholeheartedly: ‘Intern- ruling party was against. ‘Don’t do students and employees of the versity has always had good scores ships are done at the expense of va- it if you don’t need it,’ was her ad- applied sciences university, a in the Dutch study guide, it is ‘not luable teaching time.’ A loud Bri- vice to Wageningers. ‘You have the wheel of fortune was organized, broad enough to serve the coun- tish-style boo arose from the oppo- highest pass rate in the Nether- anti-hangover breakfasts were try,’ commented an opponent of sition: ‘As if you don’t learn any- lands here.’ KvdA sold to members in the mor- the motion. An aerospace enginee- thing from an internship!’ nings, and the board members put themselves in the stocks in the centre of Leeuwarden on Queen’s Day to be pelted with eggs. The proceeds from all these activities (2063.19 euros) were given to the CliniClowns Founda- tion.

CHEQUE As a result, Osiris caught the attention of Eeuwe Broersma, one of the foundation’s local ambas- sadors. Each year, these ambas- sadors nominate the best spon- sor initiatives in each province for the Golden Nose. Broersma, who was handed the cheque, was pleasantly surprised when he saw how much was on it: ‘I did expect more than 10 euros, but not that much…’ On 6 March, voting will begin on Facebook and the Clini- Clowns’ website for the best fundraising campaign in the country. On 24 March, it will be known if Osiris’s comical activi-

PHOTO: GUY ACKERMANS PHOTO: ties were good enough to win the Labour and D66 parties: U-turn on social loan system. Golden Nose. Ronald Slofstra

8 March 2012 — RESOURCE

(5(6SLQGG 26 >> student

CRYSTAL BALL MAKING A MEAL OF IT The Wageningen climatologists at Meteo Consult are Hungry people see things diﬀerently. They are the best, says University of Amsterdam scientist Marco quicker to notice words referring to food than te Brömmelstroet. He compared the forecasts of three people who have just eaten, say French scien- commercial forecasters, Meteo Consult, Meteovista and tists in Psychological Science. Testing the hypo- Infoplaza. The Wageningen team gets tomorrow’s tem- thesis must have been a piece of cake. As the perature exactly right once in every four times. Isn’t saying goes, you see what you want to eat. that about what you’d get by chance?

Security lighting at Dijkgraaf

From now on, would-be burglars dows to get at valuables - students WAIT AND SEE Another factor could be that secu- at Dijkgraaf will find themselves asked Idealis for camera surveil- Dijkgraaf residents are pleased rity company Securitas has been in the spotlight. Student housing lance and security blinds. This that Idealis has taken action, albeit patrolling the flats regularly. This agency Idealis has installed extra went too far for the student not as far-reaching as they had ho- surveillance will end next week. lighting on the ground floor of housing provider, as it made clear ped for, says a resident. ‘But ligh- The extra lighting at Dijkgraaf is the student residence. This in its correspondence with Dijk- ting is something, even if it took a a trial run. Lights have now been includes permanent lighting and graaf residents. Idealis said came- whole month, which is two and a installed on the outside on the additional sensor-activated ra surveillance was too expensive half months since the first break- Dijkgraaf 2 side of the residence. If lights. and would go against privacy laws. in. We will now wait and see if the the test positioning works well, se- Blinds cannot provide enough pro- situation changes or if there will be curity lights will be installed for Following a spate of break-ins in tection, say the local police, since another scare after some time. The the entire ground floor. LvdN the student flats - when burglars they will not be closed throughout past month has been peaceful, per- even threw bricks through win- the day. haps due to the snow and the cold.’

Marlies Bos (the left-wing ﬂuﬀy type) and Jillis Herweijer (the right-wing Hooray Henry type) rarely see eye to eye on matters of politics, the environment or student life. FOR & AGAINST

Proposition: No student can manage without the social media anymore PHOTOS: BART DE GOUW PHOTOS:

MARLIES: The social media are certainly very important to students. JILLIS: Invitations to parties, feeble gossip and stupid games have been But how does that come about? The reason social media are beco- going around on Facebook for a while already. Then people who think ming so prominent these days is that we all jump on the bandwa- themselves mighty interesting started spouting nonsense on Twitter. gon. You don’t have to if you don’t want to, but then you do take And recently it has become more and more common to have to identify the risk of not hearing about things. That’s the way it goes if you go yourself on websites with a Facebook account. Where does all this cra- against something that the vast majority joins in. You can grumble ziness come from? Don’t people realize it’s all a hype, and a way of get- about it, but if you ask me it is handier just to make use of them. ting you to freely donate all your private details to Facebook so that they Personally, I don’t see anything wrong with using Facebook to pro- can sell them? Hyves is already dying out, Facebook is in decline and mote parties and other activities or to stay in touch with family and its stock market status is the latest bubble. And another thing: I have no friends you don’t talk to that often, or with using LinkedIn to incre- idea why so many people feel the urge to share all sorts of useless, but ase your chances of finding a job. sometimes also confidential, information with the whole world. Instead of thinking about what they dump on the internet, these ‘sheeple’ just JILLIS RESPONDS: I use LinkedIn myself because I see it as use- run straight into the arms of any slick internet entrepreneur. We have ful. But I do think you have to stay critical and use your head. Just always managed fine without these social networks. Do we really need because everyone is doing something, that doesn’t make it a good them as much as we think we do? idea to do it too. At the very least, you should think about the privacy implications of information about yourself, and certainly of MARLIES RESPONDS: I agree that people post a lot of nonsense and a lot information about others. of confidential information. But that is their own responsibility, although it would be a good idea for them to give it a bit more thought. However, this doesn’t detract from the fact that the social media can be useful.

RESOURCE — 8 March 2012

(5(6SLQGG student << 27

COMPLAINTS PRETEND STUDENT There are two kinds of rower: heavyweights (the fatties) and lightweights So you think you’ve got study stress? It’s probably nothing compared to (the wimps). The latter have had enough of the former. On the Argo web- Niels B. from Meppel. He strung his parents along for years with stories site we read: ‘Are you being bothered by heavy rowers? Or have you lost about his degree course, and eventually his graduation. When his father your girlfriend to one of the big boys? We’d like to hear from you. The asked to see the evidence he pulled out a carving knife and stabbed his Party for Lightweight Rowers offers you a helpline on this website where dad in the neck. He was supposedly the first in the family to go on to you can register your complaints.’ Lodge complaints at wsr-argo.nl/meld- higher education. Maybe that’s why his dad stuck up for him in court. He puntzwareballen. (Baffled? Ask a Dutch friend.) got five months.

GIVE A TOSS. The girls in the foreground don’t seem too sure, but for most of the other partygoers beer and straw were a great source of hilarity at the Veetelers’ jubilee party. After a week of somewhat more serious activities, it was time for the Animal Sciences study association’s closing bash on Thursday 1 March. One of the halls behind Radix was transformed into a big barn, complete with bales of hay that were soon being tossed all over the place. As were the plastic beer cups. Cover band Hike from the eastern Netherlands provided a musical accompani- ment to the throwing fest. LvdN PHOTO: EMMA TEULING PHOTO:

TWO THOUSAND PLASTIC CUPS A DAY

That must have been quite a task. exactly a green university but there are no plastic cups ‘Yes, it took five people twelve hours to retrieve the on that campus. All first year students are given a cups and to sling them up.’ water bottle and a reusable cup. I had expected that environmentally friendly Wageningen would do at Who? Blair van Pelt, Is this the work of an unrealistic idealist? least as well as that.’ first year MSc student of ‘Absolutely not. We want to make people aware of the Organic Agriculture problem: 2000 cups a day. There are plenty of intelli- Isn’t a normal cup more harmful for the environment? What? Member of Wageningen gent and motivated people in this institution who va- ‘I saw the plastic problem with my own eyes when I Environmental Platform (WEP) lue sustainability. We should be able to come up with lived in Hawaii. There are a few beaches there where Why? WEP collected all the cups a good solution together.’ you can’t even see the sand. It just isn’t right for this discarded in the Forum university to contribute so much to a situation like in one day and strung Why is this so important to you? that.’ NM all 2000 of them up ‘Before coming here, I studied at Idaho. That’s not

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>> CULT Digging up Wageningen’s soil secret What? Blauw Goud, (Blue Gold), a thriller Tip from Johan Leenaars, soil scientist at ISRIC-World Soil Information by Wageningen alumnus Almar Otten ‘A son, Matt, inherits an unusual book after his mother’s death: a mediaeval Where? In the book- book full of striking blue illustrations. And this intense colour blue is at the shops from today heart of the story. Gradually Matt ﬁ nds more and more evidence that his father – missing and presumed dead – must have known something about the secret of this unique shade of blue. The quest to track down his father, a Wa- geningen soil scientist, creates an interesting trail. Matt is assisted in his search by Lineke, a specialist in old manuscripts. And Matt is not the only person with an interest in his father, who seems to have known an awful lot about priceless minerals and where to ﬁ nd them. Whether the father is still alive remains a mystery for much of the book, and that maintains the tension. It ebbs away fast after that though. Blauw Goud is partly set in Wagenin- gen. Almar Otten studied here and knows his stuff about soil science. The setting produces some familiar features: street names, titles of soil science readers, the new campus, the Vlaamsche Reus pub and its publican Karel. That is fun. A nice, well-written story. Keeps the reader on edge for a long Cover Blauw Goud time.’

>> THE WORKS

STEM CELL RESEARCH IN BOSTON

Who? Max Friesen, MSc student of Molecular Life Sciences What? Research on lipodystrophy using human stem cells Where? Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

‘After fi ve months on a research internship at the stem cell institute at Harvard I feel completely at home. The group here focuses on fat, and more specifi cally on lipodystrophy, a condition in which the fat metabolism is disturbed and fat is inadequately formed and stored. I modify stem cells so that they have the same mutations as lipodystrophy cells. I then differentiate them into fat cells, and this gives us a verifi able system for continuing research on the disease. I’ve ever seen, even in Wageningen. The number of students in Boston One thing’s for sure: Boston residents take fat very seriously, and on is ridiculous: the proportion of students to non-students is about the your way to work every morning you are constantly in danger of being same as in Wageningen but on the scale of this city, that means an knocked over by joggers – there are masses of them. As for me, I spend awful lot of students.’ long days in the lab because it takes a lot of attention to keep stem cells Boston is relatively close to New York, so I go city hopping there for a alive. And then it’s extra busy right now because in a couple of weeks I couple of days quite regularly. Like at New Year. That was a huge specta- get to present my results at a conference of the National Institute of cle; it really was a unique place to bring in the new year in style! It Health. That is quite a big deal, so I am working hard to have some good struck me right away that the beer prices in the student bars here are results to show. about three times as high as in Wageningen. And when it comes to tas- I am living in a student house with more different nationalities than te in music, they could take a leaf out of our book too.’ RH

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Competition The best piece of journalism

Write a personal column or a convincing essay about the tension between science and society. EMMA << Extra prize: The Golden Troll OOH! La La…………. For the sharpest reaction on ‘EMMMAAAAA’ I heard the shriek from the comfort of my resource.wur.nl room. Afraid that someone was attacking one of my corridor mates, I raced down the corridor.

Lisa was late for the AID and upon ﬁ nding the washing machine repair man, decided I should deal with him. Having Prizes almost given me a heart attack she ran off, leaving me look- two times ing at a very grumpy repair man. € 250,00

Standing beside him, I watched as he yanked around the inside of the broken washing machine. Grunting and grum- bling, he got to his feet and stared ﬁ rstly at the washing machine and then at me. ‘It’s broken’ he pointed out, I sup- See www.resource.wur.nl for deadlines, rules and the jury members pressed the will to say ‘yes, that is why you are here’. I waited for him to continue, he returned to his handiwork.

Suddenly, there was a glimmer of hope in his eyes. He grinned at me. ‘Found it!’ he spat ‘look’. I got down on my knees and looked into the machine. He extracted a small torch from his back pocket. As delicately, and with the same passion, as a heart surgeon tending to a very dear patient, he carefully pulled apart the rubber ring from the drum. Shin- ing the light into the gap formed, he pointed at an obvious black lump. ‘There is your problem’, his voice slightly muf- ﬂ ed inside the machine.

With one ﬁ nger he tugged on the lump and to my horror a pair of very delicate, sexy knickers appeared. He stood in front of me with the lingerie suspended suggestively from his foreﬁ nger.

In my baggy jeans and hoodie, I stared back at him. My brain froze for a moment, exactly the time it took to say the most inappropriate thing to a large grumpy repair man.

‘Well, they’re not mine, are they yours?’

I must check my life insurance. Emma Holmes

Muzikale

theatertour Regie John Leerdam Studie en werk voor hoger 22 maart - 3 april www.uaf.nl/monologen opgeleide vluchtelingen

8 March 2012 — RESOURCE

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offers and requests These are both psychological and Culture Fund grants the topic by lecturer Hans Hopster, moral questions. This course deals Culture Fund grants after which three guest speakers Offers and requests for goods, with the answers to be found in Talented students have up to 1 will present very different views on voluntary work and paid work for science, philosophy, ideology, lite- April to apply for a Culture Fund livestock transport. Location: Van students and staff. Send no more rature and art. grant for a follow-up degree or re- Hall Larenstein Auditorium, Agora than 75 words to [email protected], What the university’s task should search project abroad. Graduates 1 in Leeuwarden. Free admission with ‘Wanted/On Offer’ as subject, be is also open to debate. Tuesday with a degree in any subject from for all, prior registration is not a on the Thursday before publication. evenings during period 5, 19h- an applied (Bachelor’s) or acade- requirement. 20.30h, from 13 March. Location: mic (Master’s) university are eligi- CONTACT: [email protected] OR How about joining the De Leeuwenborch. Lecturer: Cor ble for a grant. 058-2846209. SWU Thymos committee? van der Weele, professor holding The media firm Merge Media deve- Are you fed up with your studies an endowed chair in Humanist Phi- loped a Facebook campaign to pu- Wednesday 14 March, 19.00h and looking for a change of scene? losophy. Material: Alain de Bot- blicize the Culture Fund grant. FIRST CLASS INFORMATION Do you think it is important to get ton’s ‘Religion for Atheists’ (2011) Campaign participants can win a SESSION Wageningen students involved in or the Dutch translation ‘Religie concert in their own home by sin- The First Class programme has sport? Does running an organiza- voor atheïsten’ plus material from ger Mick Harren. been available since 2009 for ex- tion with five fellow students ap- Eduweb. WWW.CULTUURFONDS.NL/CULTUURFONDSBEUR- cellent university graduates who peal to you? Then a year on the Register via the secretarial office ZEN; WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BERNHARDFELLOW want to develop their leadership SWU Thymos committee could be for applied philosophy: bea.prijn@ and teaching skills. This challen- your thing. Why not come to our wur.nl. Maximum of 16 partici- agenda ging two-year traineeship involves information evening on 15 March pants. recent graduates teaching in a se- at 20.00h in the meeting room at [email protected] Tuesday 13 March, -20.00-22.00h condary school right from the start De Bongerd? We will explain then GENERAL STUDIES LECTURE: while also getting a teaching certi- about the different positions in the T-week ENGINEERING HAPPINESS ficate from the university and ta- executive committee and what a Imagine you are stuck in the jungle In the ‘Engineer your own life’ se- king part in a leadership program- year on the SWU Thymos commit- with a broken-down car ...or the ries of General Studies lectures we me set up in partnership with lea- tee involves, of course. You can al- water pipe starts leaking and you investigate whether we have the ding, innovative companies. Come ways drop in at our office at De have to repair it. You will be power to shape our own lives. to the information session in C218, Bongerd or mail us at swu.thy- pleased then that you have a basic We start with happiness. Is it so- Forum. [email protected] for questions or info. grasp of technical matters. The T mething that only comes to people MORE INFORMATION AT WWW.EERSTDEKLAS.NL. INFO: WWW.SWUTHYMOS.NL week is a week-long technical who are not looking for it? What is course for future development wor- happiness actually, is it something Thursday 15 March, 23.00h announcements kers. It is intended for people wit- you can control and what are the G41D STUDENT PARTY hout a technical background who limits to happiness? Always wanted to see a real live Announcements for and by stu- have plans to go to a developing The lecture will be given by Dr Ad gay? Fancy an evening spotting dy- dents and staff. Send no more than country for an internship or to Bergsma, psychologist and science kes? Bi-curious? Had enough of the 75 words to [email protected], with work. The 35th T week is being or- journalist. Location: LA13. opposite sex (or your own)? Al- ‘Announcement’ as subject, on the ganized in 2012 from Sunday eve- MORE INFO: STUDIUMGENERALE.WUR.NL ways wanted to know how wild the Thursday before publication. ning 1 July to Saturday afternoon 7 Wilde Wereld can get? Or would July. The location is Enschede, in Wednesday 14 March, 13.15h you just like a fun evening out with How should we deal with our unde- the WOT demonstration grounds TRAVELLING ANIMALS: your friends? sirable traits? and the ROC Twente practical BUSINESS CLASS OR A PIGSTY? Why not come to the Wilde Wereld, Inefficiency, conformity, laziness, rooms. The T Week is organized by First General Studies lecture by Burgtstraat 1 in Wageningen and egoism, aggression ... bad or OK? WOT and ROC Twente. the Animal Welfare lectureship. be Gay for one Day (G41D). The To be eradicated or embraced? INFO: WWW.WOT.UTWENTE.NL/NL/T-WEEK There will be an introduction to evening is bound to be a big suc-

Graduate in style! Expand your graduation with a festive reception in Hotel De Wereld. ÎÆƋÇ =ÞcƋÎÇbHÆÇÇÞÎƋ BÎCচÇřÎƋÆŴÇƋÞÎƄÎÆƋÇ =Þ cƋÎÇbHÆÇÇÞÎƋ BÎCচÇřÎƋÆŴÇƋÞÎƄÎÆƋÇ =ÞcƋÎÇbHÆÇ Treat all your guests with a complete graduation reception of 1 hour in de Capitulation room in Hotel De Wereld. Available for € 9,50 per person (including drinks from the Hollands assortment, nuts, olives, a bitterbal and a small snack). Ask for all possibilities! DrinksandBites located on the market square en the old municipal farm Koekoekpannenkoek include perfect locations for a reception.

HoteldeWereld www.hoteldewereld.nl www.koekoekpannenkoek.nl tel 0031 (0)317 460 444

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cess thanks to a combination of mayor Geert Van Rumund, Herman good music, a friendly atmosphere O. de Roode and Coen Teeuw. Tic- and a great location! Free admissi- kets cost €5 and can be obtained Wageningen UR is looking for: on with student pass. via [email protected], via the BBLTHK INFO: WWW.SHOUTWAGENINGEN.NL or at the door. Analist Fysica en fysische chemie van levensmiddelen AFSG Fysica en Fysische chemie levensmiddelen ATV, Wageningen MORE INFORMATION: WWW.WSTV.NL Vacaturenummer: AFSG-FPH-0002 Friday 16 - Sunday 18 March FOOD FILM FESTIVAL 20 March, 19.00h Fysische Techniek Medewerker (HBO) The second edition of the Food YOUNG KLV SOCIAL MEDIA AFSG Biofysica ATV, Wageningen. Vacaturenummer: AFSG-BIP-0003 Film Festival will take place on 16, WORKSHOP FOR STUDENTS Photonics Engineer 17 and 18 March in Studio/K in Am- This interactive lecture by Inge AFSG Biofysica ATV, Wageningen. Vacaturenummer: AFSG-BIP-0004 sterdam. There will be a complete- van Erkel, co-author of the book Business Developer Sustainable Fresh Chains ly new film programme, more coo- “@DeStudentcoach”, will teach AFSG BU FFC DLO Food & Biobased Researc, Wageningen kery workshops than last year, an you everything about how to use Vacaturenummer: AFSG-FFC-0025 art and design programme and social media as a student, how you Programme director distance learning new food debates. The festival is can make it work to your advanta- BC Corporate Education & Research, Wageningen an inspiring place for visitors to le- ge, the dos and, in particular, the Vacaturenummer: BC-0012 arn more about good food and eat, don’ts. You will get a summary Post doc Drip Irrigation in Perspective cook and party together. The orga- with ‘tips & tricks’ to take home ESG Centrum Water en Klimaat, Wageningen nizers say a responsible attitude to with you. Only €5 for Young KLV Vacaturenummer: ESG CWK-0184 food is the first step towards a members! Technisch developer/software ontwikkelaar more sustainable food system. The INFO: WWW.KLV.NL FB IT Information Systems, Wageningen. Vacaturenummer: FB-0021 Food Film Festival is an initiative of the Youth Food Movement Business Objects Specialist (YFM). FB IT Information Systems, Wageningen. Vacaturenummer: FB-0022 The festival is critical about the Programmeur voor wetenschappelijke toepassingen problems with health, the environ- PSG Biometris, Wageningen. Vacaturenummer: PSG-BIOM-0014 ment and the international distri- Junior researcher/Postdoc Arabidopsis genetic resources bution of food in the current food PSG Erfelijkheidsleer, Wageninge. Vacaturenummer: PSG-GEN-0008 system but optimistic about fin- Onderzoeker Computer Vision in de glastuinbouw ding solutions in the future. PSG Glastuinbouw, Wageningen. Vacaturenummer: PSG-GLAS-0018 MORE INFO: WWW.FOODFILMFESTIVAL.NL/ Postdoc for identification of sustainable pathways for the Sunday 18 March, 13.00h production, processing and governing of palm oil SSG MW Bestuurskunde, Wageningen. Vacaturenummer: SSG-PAP-0014 FESTIVAL OF ONE-ACT PLAYS A festival of one-act plays is being Assistant Professor Business Economics (Tenure Track) organized on Sunday 18 March in SSG MW Bedrijfseconomie, Wageningen. Vacaturenummer: SSG-BEC-0008 the BBLTHK (public library) in Wa- Post-doc Climate Adaptation Governance geningen (Stationsstraat 2) to ce- SSG MW Bestuurskunde, Wageningen. Vacaturenummer: SSG-PAP-0013 lebrate 105 years of the Wagenin- drukken | vormgeving gen Student Theatrical Society. Va- voorlichting | offerte rious theatrical societies will be performing short plays. proefschriften.nl The one-act plays will be judged by an expert jury consisting of the

Vacatures Top Institute Food and Nutrition (TI Food and Nutrition): PhD fellow - modelling methane emissions in dairy cattle ASG Animal Nutrition Group,TIFN funding, Wageningen. Vacaturenr. ME001.101 PhD fellow - rumen functional microbiomics WUR, Lab. of Microbiology, TIFN funding, Wageningen. Vacaturenr. ME001.102 PhD fellow - rumen microbial physiology WUR, Lab. of Microbiology, TIFN funding, Wageningen. Vacaturenr. ME001.103 PhD fellow - indicator for methane emission in milk ASG, Animal Nutrition Group,TIFN funding, Wageningen. Vacaturenr. ME001.104 PhD fellow - Understanding the interplay between cow, microbiota and feed ASG, Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre,TIFN funding, Wageningen. Vacaturenr. ME001.105 Meer info op www.academictransfer.com

8 March 2012 — RESOURCE

(5(6SLQGG >>TYPICAL DUTCH ILLUSTRATION: HENK VAN RUITENBEEK HENK VAN ILLUSTRATION:

Eye level I arrived in Wageningen just a week ago and got a room in the Brink hotel in Wageningen. It’s my third time in Wageningen.

Before I came to the Netherlands, people told me that it is considered to have the tallest population in the world. Not only are the people very tall, but everything else is also adjusted to their height. When I finally arrived in Wageningen, I had to deal with this unique aspect of the Nether- lands myself. One evening I was sitting in my room at the Brink, studying. It was almost 12 o’clock and suddenly the doorbell rang. I was surprised: who could come by so late at night? I went to the door but was too scared to just open it. I looked to see whether there was a peephole in the door. At first I Not only are the Dutch tall couldn’t find one, and then I saw it! It was so high above my head! I could just about reach it, but I couldn’t look through it. So I went to get a small step stool I had in my room and put it near the but everything else is door. I stood on it and looked through the peephole again but could see no one. I thought the per- adjusted to their height son has gone, so I began to feel relieved. But the doorbell rang again. I climbed on the step stool and looked once more. Again I could see nothing. I began to get more scared. So at last I asked in a tiny voice, ‘who is there?’ and then I heard a familiar voice on the other side of the door: ‘It’s me, Ira! Open the door please, I am tired of waiting!’ So the whole thing was that the peephole was just too high for both of us. Ira was standing very close to the door and I couldn’t see her that way! So I guess these peepholes in the doors of the Brink hotel were made for very tall Dutch men and women! Rezeda Karimova, external PhD student with the Social Sciences Group

Do you have a nice anecdote about your experience of going Dutch? Send it in! Describe an encounter with Dutch culture in detail and comment on it brieﬂy. 300 words max. Send it to [email protected] and earn ﬁfty euros and Dutch candy.

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