The offices of the Dean of the College, the Dean of Arts and Widener Science, the Center of Management and Applied Economics, the Humanities Group, the Social Science Group, and the Assistant Dean, University College, are located in the Kapelski Learning Center (3). University The Office of the Dean of University College is located in Alumni Auditorium (4) . The Center of Engineering and the Science Group are located Pennsylvania Campus in Kirkbride Hall of Science and Engineering (2). Administrative offices including the President's, the Provost's, the vice presidents for development, fiscal affairs, administration, CHESTER • PENNSYLVANIA • 19013 • 215-499-4000 and student services; the controller, business office, develop­ ment, placement, public relations, and campus safety, as well as the Center of Nursing, are located in Old Main (5). The Widener Way, and Teacher Education are located in Hyatt Hall (8). Depart­ Visitors to Widener University may obtain ment of Military Science (ROTC) is on the ground floor of Hanna information at the telephone exchange located Hall (F) . The Assistant Vice President for Student Services, inside the front entrance of Old Main (5). assistant dean of students, Office of Freshman Programs; vet­ Campus tours and interviews are arranged in erans affairs, housing, counseling, discipline, and special events the Admissions Office. Visitors are requested are located in Webb Hall. (13). to use the entrance to Old Main on 14th Director of Athletics, offices of the coaching staff and the Street (opposite MacMorland Center) and to Sports Information Director are located in Schwartz Physical park in the muked spaces in the puking lot Education Center (16). behind Old M;ain. Director of Student Union, his staff, and the purchasing office are located in MacMorland Center (14). GUIDE TO THE CAMPUS 1. Wolfg ram Memorial Library 75. Maintenance Building 2. Kirkbride Hall of Science and Engineering 76. Schwartz Physica l Education Cen ter 3. Louis Kapelski Leaming Center 17. Baseball diamond 4. Alumni Auditorium 18. Soccer field S. Old Main (University Administration Building; 19. Robert Levy Tennis Courts Center of Nursing) 20. George A. Hansell, }r. Track and Field 6. Student Hea lth Service (Infirmary) 21 . Stadium 7. Loveland Hall (Faculty Offices) 22. Armory 8. Hyatt Hall 23 . Hannum House 9. Admissions /Registrar Building 24. Maclntire Gardens 10. Nursing Center Annex 25. Th e Ca rriage House 11 . Observatory 26. Widener " W" Sculpture 12. Student Parking 27. Deshong Muse um (not shown)­ 13. Webb Hall Avenue of the States & 11th St. 14. Ma cMorland Ce nter (Student Union Building) 28. Chancellor's Office • Future site of Child Development Center FRATERNITY & SORORITY DORMITORIES HOUSES A Th e Castle K Carolyn Helms Kapelski Q Alpha Sigma Ph i B Turrell Hall Residence Hall R Th eta Chi C Howell Hall L Laurence P. Sharples S Zeta Beta Tau D Ca nn Memorial Hall Residence Hall T Delta Phi Epsilon E Dixon Halls, North and So uth M Clarence R. Moll U Lambda Chi Alpha F Grasselli Hall Res idence Hall V Phi Sigma Sig ma G Hanna Hall N Manor House W Tau Kappa Epsilon H Th ayer Hall 0 Andorn House X Kappa Sigma j Spang Hall P Widener Courts Y Women's Residence/Dorm

Parking areas indicated by diagonal lines ~ Visitor parking behind Old Main (5) Widener College 1981-82 A College of Widener University

It is the policy of Widener University not to dis­ criminate on the basis of sex , handicap, race, age, color, religion, or national or ethnic origin in its education programs, admissions policies, employ­ ment policies, financial aid or other school-admin­ istered programs. This policy is enforced by federal law under Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, Title VI of the Civil Ri ghts Act of 1964, and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. In­ quiries regarding compliance with these statutes may be directed to the Director of the Office for Civil Rights, Department of Health, Edu ca tion and Welfare, Washington, D.C.

Accredited by Middle States Association of Colleges and Sc hools

While correct at press time, all statements in this publication are subject to change without notice. Upon action of the governing body, facilities may be enlarged or otherwise altered, courses added or deleted and the Coll ege curricula modified or expanded.

Widener University Bulletin (USPS #074940) Series 120 Number 4 September 1981

Published six times a yea r by Widener University, once each in June . July and August , and three times in September. Second class postage paid at Chester, Pennsylvania. POSTMASTER : Send Form3579 to Widener University Bulletin , Widener University, Ches ter, Pa . 19013 2 Contents

Ca mpus Map ...... 1 Fo r Information ...... 7 Widener Unive rsity ...... 9 Profile: W idener Fa mily ...... 13 Widener Coll ege Today ...... 17 Educational Faci lities ...... 29 Ca mpus Li fe ...... 33 Admi ss ions ...... 47 Fi nancial Ai d 57 Fin ancial Informati on 67 General Information ...... 71 Academic Programs ...... 77 Courses of Instruction ...... 155 Board of Tru stees ...... 223 Board of Overseers ...... 225 Administration ...... 227 Fac ulty ...... 233 Directions to Widener College ...... 250 Index ...... 254

3 FALL SEMESTER 1981

September, 1981 7 Monday- Wid ner fr hmen orientation 8 Tuesday- R gi tration for freshm n 9 W edne day-Regi tration for upp rcla m en- All cia e begin October, 1981 26-27 Monday-Tu sday-Final exam for 1 t Modul November, 1981 26-27 Thursday-F riday-Thanksgiving Ho liday December, 1981 15-16 Tu es day-W dnes day- Final exam for 2nd Module 16 Wedne day-La st day of classe 17 Thur day-R ading Day 18-23 Friday thru Wedne day-Final Exam Week SPRING SEMESTER 1982

January, 1982 11 Monday- Registration 12 Tu e day-Ciasse begin February, 1982 25-26 Thursday-F riday-Final exam s for 1st Modul March, 1982 1 Monday- Spring Va ca tion begin 8 Monday-Cia se res ume 8-9 Monday-Tu e day- 2nd Module b gin April , 1982 9 Friday-Good Friday- o Clas e 27-28 Tu sday-W dne day-Fin al exam s for 2nd Modul 28 W dn day-La t Day of classes 29 Thur day- Reading Day 30 Friday-Final Exam W eek begins May, 1982 5 W edne day-Final Exam W ek nd 15 aturday- OMMENCEMENT

Summer Ses ions begin W ednes day, May 19

Calendar 1981-82

For Information University Policy MR. ROBERT J. BRUCE President Academic DR. NORMAN P. AUBURN Provost DR. JOEL M. RODNEY Dean of the College Financial MR. W. DAVID ECKARD, Ill Vice President for Finance Admissions, Student Life, MR. VINCENT F. LINDSLEY counseling, religious and Vice President for Student Services social affairs, freshman programs Student Aid MR. LAWRENCE S. KUCHARCZUK Director of Financial Aid Athletic affairs MR. WILLIAM A. MANLOVE, JR. Director of Athletics Development program MR. VICTOR R. ZACK, JR. Vice President for Development Management Information MR. THEODORE F. LOCKE, JR. systems and planning Vice President for Administration Public relations MRS. PATRICIA BRANT Assistant to the President for University Relations Adult Programs DR. PETER K. MILLS Dean, University College Alumni relations MISS CHRISTINA H. HARMAN Director of Alumni Relations Transcripts MR. RICHARD A. CONTI Registrar Library MS. THERESE TABORSKY Librarian Student union MR. HARRY PAPPAS Director Placement MRS. EILEEN M. SHANAHAN Placement Supervisor Music MR. JOHN A. VANORE Director of Music Campus Safety MR. JAMES J. KENNEDY Director of Campus Safety Office Hours: Monday through Friday-9 a.m.-4:30p.m. Saturdays-9-11:30 a.m. All other times by appointment 7 Telephone: (215) 499-4000

Widener University is a private, coeducational, fully-accredited institution offering both undergraduate and graduate degree programs. The Pennsylvania Campus, located in Chester, Pennsylvania, houses the University offices as well as Widener College. Brandywine College, The Delaware Law School and The School of Hotel and Restaurant Management are located 15 miles away in Wilmington, Delaware, on the University's Delaware Campus. University College has divisions on both the Pennsylvania and Delaware Campuses. The University President, who is directly responsible to the University Board of Trustees, has his office on the Pennsylvania Campus, along with the Senior Vice President and Provost, and the Vice Presidents for Administration, Finance, Development and Student Services. All vice presidents are University officers. The members of the University board also constitute the governing body of Brandywine College and The Delaware Law School for such matters as are mandated under their charters. Widener University is chartered as a consoli­ dated corporation with the legal right to operate in both Pennsylvania and Delaware. It holds degree granting authority in each of the two states . WIDENER COLLEGE is the degree granting, full-time, undergraduate component of the University offering B.A. and B.S. degrees structured within four academic centers: Arts and Science, Management and Applied Economics, Engineering, and Nursing. BRANDYWINE COLLEGE is the two-year component of the University, offer­ ing Associate in Arts and Associate in Science degrees. UNIVERSITY COLLEGE is the component of the University which houses all part-time undergraduate, credit and non-credit programs. THE SCHOOL OF HOTEL AND RESTAURANT MANAGEMENT is the newest component of the University, offering both Associate in Science and Bachelor of Science degrees. The Sheraton Brandywine Inn, a 154-room commercial hotel located north of Wilmington adjacent to the University's Delaware Campus, is a wholly owned subsidiary of the University and is used for training the School's students under the tutelage of professional managers. THE DELAWARE LAW SCHOOL OF WIDENER UNIVERSITY offers the profes­ sional degree of Doctor of Jurisprudence. The University also offers graduate programs including: The Master's in Business Administration, Engineering, Education, Nursing, Taxation, Industrial Management, Hospital Financial Management, and Health and Medical Services Administration.

10 HISTORY

Founded in 1821 , the University began as a select school for boys in Wilming­ ton, Delaware. The school introduced military instruction in 1858 and four years later was chartered as Pennsylvania M ilitary Academy with full university degree granting privileges. The early curriculum extended from preparatory through college. In 1892, the school, by then located on the present Pennsylvania Campus site, assumed the name Pennsylvania Military College. The long tradition as an exclusively military college ended in 1946 with the admission of returning veterans as non-cadet students. In 1958, non-military, non-veteran students were admitted, and in 1966, an even longer tradition was broken when the formerly all-male institution admitted its first female students. To reflect this evolution into a co-educational, predominately liberal arts college, the name was change to PMC Colleges (Penn Morton College for the civilian student body, Pennsylvania Military College for the cadet institution). In 1972, as a result of a series of academic and philosophical changes, the institution retired the colors of the Corps of Cadets and adopted the name Widener College. The name Widener was selected to honor the distinguished Philadelphia family, well-known for its contributions to education, art and the physically handicapped. The Widener family built and endowed the Memorial School for Crippled Children in Philadelphia, created the Widener Memorial Library at Harvard University, and donated its world-renowned art collection to help start the National Gallery of Art. In August, 1975, Widener College acquired via merger The Delaware Law School, Wilmington, Delaware. The Delaware Law School was founded in 1971 , graduated its first class in 1975 and is fully approved and accredited by the American Bar Association. In November, 1976, Widener entered into an affiliation with Brandywine College, founded in 1965. Brandywine was merged into Widener in February, 1979. The move of The Delaware Law School onto the Brandywine College campus was completed in the spring semester of 1978. This campus is now designated the Delaware Campus of Widener University and is also the site of The School of Hotel and Restaurant Management (opened in 1981 ) and of many of the course offerings of University College (created in 1980). The institution achieved University status on July 1, 1979.

11

Profile: Widener Family

The Widener family, for whom the College (and the University) is named, is as famous for its philanthropy and collections of art and rare books as it is for its con­ tributions to American business, finance, transportation and thoroughbred horse ra cing. The Wideners were among the first American families to exhibit a strong social consciousness and share their great wealth with society. They built and endowed the Widener Memorial School for Crippled Children in Philadelphia, created the Widener Memorial Library at Harvard University and donated their world-renowned art collection to help start the ational Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. They also gave their Philadelphia mansion to the Free Library of Philadelphia and their ewport, R.I. , home to the Protestant Episcopal Diocese of Rhode Island. Through the Widener Memorial Foundation in Aid of Handicapped Children, the family has continued its philanthropy by providing aid to the Child Develop­ ment Center, Norristown, Pa. ; St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Shriner's Hospital for Crippled Children, and the Center for the Blind, all in Philadelphia; and the Ea ster Se al Society of Pennsylvania, among others. A prominent Philadelphia family which dates back to pre-Revolutionary days, the Wideners became internationally known in the late 1800's and early 1900's under Peter A.B. Widener. He rose from a butcher's boy in his brother's meat shop on Spring Garden St. to become the owner of more miles of street railways than any other man in the world. He also helped to organize such industrial giants as the U.S. Steel Corporation and the American Tobacco Company and had substantial holdings in the Standard Oil Company and the Pennsylvania Railroad Company. At one time he and his associates owned street railway systems in Philadelphia, ew York, Chicago, Pittsburgh, Baltimore and Washington, D.C. He is credited with consolidating highly fragmented street railway systems and is recognized as the leading force behind continued modernization of mass transit. At the time, all street railways consisted of horse-drawn vehicles. In 1892 he introduced cable cars into operation on Market St., Columbia Ave., 7th and 9th Sts. in Philadelphia. He con­ tinued to press for greater efficiency and later became a pioneer in the introduction of electric street cars, despite initial local opposition. Later, he organized gas and electric lighting companies in Philadelphia, Read ­ ing, Harrisburg, Atlanta, Savannah , Vicksburg, St. Augustine, Minneapolis, Kansas City, and Des Moines. He served on the Philadelphia Board of Education, 1867-70, and was appointed city treasurer in 1873. As treasurer, Widener found the city unable to pay certain warrants that had come due. So, he personally paid them and agreed to wait until

13 the city could repay him. He was also a candidate for mayor of Philadelphia in 1892 and in 1900 he sought a seat in the U.S. Senate. In 1902, he founded the Widener Memorial School in memory of his wife of 38 years, Josephine D., and his son, Harry K. The school provided free medical treat­ ment and therapy, as well as education in all grades, to handicapped children living in Philadelphia. The students lived at the school on a 30-acre wooded tract at Broad St. and Olney Ave., and continued their treatment and study during the hot summer in Longport, N.J. In 1941 , the Widener School joined with the Board of Education's Martin Orthopedic School. Under the unique agreement, the Widener School came under the general supervision of a joint committee representing the Widener trustees and the Board of Education. The Longport home was sold and the proceeds were used for school improvements. The Widener trustees continuously contribute $100,000 a year to the school's operating expenses. Widener's internationally famous art collection, which he kept in the palatial Lynnewood Hall estate in Elkins Park , was ranked as one of the finest in the U.S. At the time of his death in 1915, it was valued at more than $11 million. It included six VanDycks, four Rembrandts, two Titians and representative works of Raphael, Botticelli, El Greco, Velasquez, and Monet, among others. He also collected rare bronzes, tapestries, statuary, chinaware, and furniture. He paid $700,000 in 1914 for the famous " Cowper Madonna" by Raphael, which at the time was the most expensive and most valuable painting ever brought to America. The previous high was the $500,000 he paid for Rembrandt's " The Mill." In 1940, the collection was given, in behalf of the entire Widener family, to the National Gallery of Art by his son, Joseph Early Widener, " to make it accessible to the greatest number of people." P.A.B. Widener was believed to have been among the richest men in Philadel­ phia at the time of his death. Harry Elkins Widener, Peter A.B.'s grandson, achieved world renown for his rare book collection. He was returning from book-buying auctions in London in 1912 when the Titanic struck an iceberg. Together with his father, George, he chose to remain on the deck of the sinking ship as women, including his mother, Eleanor Elkins, pushed off in lifeboats. His mother created the Harry Elkins Widener Memorial Library at Harvard to house his famous rare book collection, and also erected an all-purpose building in his honor at The Hill School, Pottstown, Pa. George Dunton Widener, brother of Harry Elkins Widener, is credited with making noteworthy contributions to genetics through his research and develop­ ment of sheep and thoroughbred horses. He maintained one of the finest racing stables in the nation at Lexington, Ky . and Erdenheim Farm, Whitemarsh, Pa. He died in December, 1971 .

14 mission Statement The College believes that its mission is to fulfill the educational needs and aspirations of students from all walks of life and of all ages. It seeks to help students acquire knowledge and experience whereby they can learn to know themselves through a life-long process, and advance themselves while helping create a better society. The College also views as its mission the serving of the needs of its distinc­ tive geographical community. The College seeks to realize its mission as a multi­ purpose institution of higher learning by accomplishing the following goals.

Goals and Objectives The Widener System is a multi-campus, multi-purpose institution located in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the State of Delaware, which serves the educa­ tional needs of the people of the region through undergraduate offerings in a variety of fields and through graduate and professional programs which lead to Masters' degrees and the Doctor of Jurisprudence in law. The System is dedicated to the ideals of preserving, transmitting, and advancing the current state of knowl­ edge in each of the areas in which it offers programs; to developing programs which meet the changing needs of the population of the region; to encouraging its graduates to apply the knowledge they gain for the good of the society in which they live. While generating the fiscal resources necessary to accomplish its aims and by striving to maintain and constantly improve the quality of its faculty, the System seeks to achieve its mission through the following goals and objectives: • To give all students the opportunity to improve their levels of analytic and critical reasoning, and to enable them to communicate their beliefs to others, both orally and in writing. • To develop in students a sense of ethical and moral values as well as a sense of their social responsibilities to community needs. • To foster within students the desire to continue learning throughout their lives. • To give students the opportunity to gain mastery of a specific, well-defined corpus of knowledge. • To give students the opportunity to serve society honorably and effectively through programs in the arts and the sciences and through career-focused pro­ grams which are based on a liberal-studies core. • To encourage and prepare students for further study in their chosen fields. • To provide holders of the Bachelor's degree with sufficient knowledge and expertise in their given fields to enable them to enter upon advanced careers and to give them sufficient breadth to rise within their chosen professions. • To open the System's resources to the community at large in order to enable members of that community to enrich their personal and professional lives through a variety of credit and non-credit Continuing Education offerings. 15

Unlike most small colleges, Widener College finds that diversity of academic programs is its greatest strength. Students are provided with strong traditional majors as well as the opportunity for multi and interdisciplinary studies. The scope of these offerings gives them many of the choices of a university, while retaining the unifying elements and the close faculty-student relationships of a small institution. If diversity of academic programs is the College's greatest strength, the direct day-to-day contact among students, faculty and heads of groups and centers is also of major importance. The students find that they are not an adjunct to, but an integral part of, the Widener College family. Further, while the faculty is a scholarly one, it is first and foremost a teaching faculty; research activity is never permitted to interfere with the primary mission of undergraduate education. Students gain individual attention as a result of generally small classes and a student/ faculty ratio of approximately 12 to 1. The average class size is 27, although the enrollments in required subjects and some other classes are larger. Seminar courses are smaller. The College has introduced what we believe to be a truly innovative approach to higher education by providing new students with the opportunity to select up to twelve modular (half-semester) courses. Freshmen and sophomores, for instance, can sample all three areas-Humanities, Social Science and Science/Technology­ in these half-semester units. These modular core courses are taught through the case study rather than the "introduction to" method and are designed to illustrate how the principles of a field. may be practically applied. To assure that each entering student will effectively use the opportunities in­ herent in the Widener education, and to further assist freshmen in their particular needs, Widener College has an Office of Freshman Programs headed by the Dean of Student Services. The Office of Freshman Programs was created for the purpose of aiding each freshman student to realize maximum success in his or her transi­ tion from high school to college. The Widener College freshman entering a particular academic center re­ ceives course instruction, academic counseling and guidance, career informa­ tion, and other services from faculty members of that center (Arts and Science, Engineering, Management & Applied Economics, or Nursing). Concurrent, how­ ever, with the freshman student's relationship with his or her academic center is the participation of all students in the programs and services offered by the Of­ fice of Freshman Programs. A freshman who prefers not to declare a major ini­ tially will enter the Exploratory Studies Program which is described on page 81 . One curricular option for students is the individual or Open Major. It is de­ signed specifically for the student who wishes to assemble a program of varied courses to achieve a specific objective not covered within a conventional major 18 field. For example, a student might work out a program in urban studies which combines social science, business and engineering. Those selecting this option work with both their individual faculty advisers and with a committee of three faculty members. Most students prefer to earn their bachelor's degrees in no more than eight regular semesters of attendance with an increasing number doing so in a shorter time by taking advantage of Widener-approved programs such as the College level Examination Program (CLEP) , Advanced Placement (AP) and/ or testing in specific areas such as modern languages. Some fields, notably engineering and science, and all education programs, have more rigid sequential patterns which must be followed from the first semester onward if the degree is to be earned within eight semesters of attendance, unless added flexibility has been gained via CLEP credits, etc. Consequently, it is important that each student explore his or her goals thoroughly in discussions with faculty advisers before the programs for the first two semesters at the College are final. While it is tr4.e there is greater flexibility if the ultimate choice is to be liberal arts or business, it must be remembered that there are multiple possible paths which can be followed. The proper counseling relationship with faculty advisers and with the Office of Freshman Programs will enable students to explore the maximum number of paths reasonably possible before making the final choice of major. In some cases four full semesters may be completed before a final choice must be made. Finally, students in many major areas will participate in a Senior Project of at least one semester's duration. Project teams, usually composed of approximately three students, work under the direction of one or more faculty advisers as they deal with a problem which is related to the world as it is today. Here, too, allowance is made for individual differences. A student can secure faculty approval to be a " one-man-team" if the proposed project is deemed appropriate and meaningful. The unifying elements of the Widener experience are these : -a strong societal orientation within a completely flexible and interdiscipli­ nary academic program. -an individualized course of study for each student directly related to his or her interests and goals. -acceptance of the importance of actual work experience in the learning process leading to the introduction of a larger number of internship pro­ grams. -sophisticated counseling geared to better career selection, resulting in high student motivation and less attrition. Widener believes it is one of the first small private colleges to unite these ele­ ments into a total program. Our mission is to help students of all ages learn to think creatively. The potential is manifest for the College to become a real force for the solution of society's complex problems by sending forth competent, concerned citizens to grapple with them.

Faculty The full-time undergraduate faculty numbers 141 , drawn from the leading national and international graduate schools. They received their academic train-

19 ing at colleges and universities in 24 states and 14 foreign countries. The same professors who teach in the graduate programs also teach undergraduate classes . Courses are not taught by graduate assistants.

Academic Structure Widener College is organized into four centers of learning because it was determined by a careful analysis that this structure would enable the College to most effectively provide the kind of innovative education expected at a small pri­ vate college today. The centers are : Arts and Science, Engineering, Management and Applied Economics, and Nursing. CENTER OF ARTS AND SCIENCE. This center has three subdivisions known as groups: (1) Humanities, (2) Social Science, (3) Science. Humanities and Social Science. All the subjects popularly known as the liberal arts are found within the first two groups. Specific major fields available include behavioral science, English, community psychology, history, humanities, inter­ national affairs, modern languages, political science, psychology, social work, and ~ I sociology. In each program there is emphasis on intellectual development, cultural appreciation and development of an awareness of the problems that face humanity and an ability to contribute to their ~ o lution . A Ba chelor of Arts degree is granted except for social work where the Bachelor of Social Work degree is offered . Science. Majors are offered in biology, chemistry (acc redited by th e American Chemical Society), computer sci ence, mathematics , phys ics, radio­ logic technology, science administration, and science educa tion. Scientific study is balanced with studies in th e humanities and social sciences in order to develop an awareness of the sociological and humanitarian implications of sc ience . A Bachelor of Science degree is granted . CENTER OF ENGINEERING. A four-year multidisciplinary curriculum, accredited by the Accrediation Board for Engineering and Technology, develops the various fields of engineering through mathematical and scientific funda­ mentals along with practical design experience. The student has an opportunity to undertake the conception, design and actual construction of engineering projects and systems. For students taking the multidisciplinary curriculum, a specialty in the student's area of interest begins in the junior year and is con­ \~ tinued in the senior year through the sel ection of six technical electives covering the desired area of specialization. A degree of Bach elor of Science in Engineering is granted. For students taking one of the major curricula, specialization begins in the Spring semester of the sophomore year and continues through the re­ mainder of the curriculum. A degree of Bachelor of Science in Engineering with a major in Chemical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering, or Mechanical Engineering is granted. The Center of Engineering offers an optio nal undergraduate cooperative engineering program in which the student participates in a total of 12 months of industrial employment, while obtaining the bachelor's degree within th e no rmal four-year period. CENTER OF MANAGEMENT AND APPLIED ECONOMICS. Major program s are offered in accounting, economics and management. Within the management 20 program, students may focus their studies in such functional areas as marketing, finance, personnel/ human resources, or data processing/ management informa­ tion systems. Each major curriculum is built upon a common foundation of cour es which emphasize fundamental principles, conceptual skills and analytical tools. Advanced coursework is designed to prepare tudents for functional role in business and other o rganization requiring high levels of managerial and deci ion­ making abi lities .

The center also offer an Internship Program, an optional cooperative program through which accounting and management majors may participate in a total of 12 months of industrial employment, while stil l obtaining the bachelor's degree within the normal four-year period. All programs in business lead to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Bu iness Administration. For the holders of bachelor degree , the Center offers masters programs in business, taxation, and industrial management.

CENTER OF NURSING, Widener Coll ege offers a four-year baccalaureate program in nursing accredited by the National League for ursing. ur ing students study on the Widener College campus while receiving clinical educa­ tion at various local health care facilities . A Bachelor of Science in ur ing degree is granted. Several graduate program leading to a Ma ter of Science degree in Nursing (M.S.N.) are also avai lable. The center of Nursing has developed an exchange program with the Univer­ sity of Puerto Rico, an LN-accredited BS program. This exchange usually takes place during the junior and senior year. Army ROTC Program The Department of Military Science offers a program of study, open to male and female students, to be taken in conjunction with the curricula established for all academic majors. Upon completion of the ROTC program and fulfillment of all requirements for a baccalaureate degree, the student receives a commission as a Second lieutenant in the United States Army. The ROTC program consists of courses taught by members of the Department of Military Science and a leadership Development Program consisting of various military and adventure activities designed to develop the students' leadership abili­ ties and familiarity with the US Army. Included in these activities are orienteering, mountaineering, rifle marksmanship, drill team, tactical and leadership exercises as well as classroom instruction and orientation trips to Army units and facilities. BASIC COURSE Students may enroll in the Basic Course to explore and evaluate the ROTC pro­ gram without incurring any military or financial obligation and may withdraw at any time, subject to Widener College course withdrawal requirements. Basic Course requirements, while programmed over a two-year period, may be completed in one year by sophomore students who did not participate in ROTC during their freshman year of college. Basic Course students are required to enroll in three one-half semester military science courses during their freshman and sophomore years and participate in the leadership Development Program. As a minimum, they must accrue ninety (90) contact hours in order to satisfy the Basic Course re­ quirements. ADVANCED COURSE Toward the end of the sophomore year, Basic Course students may apply to the Profess or of Military Science for admission to the Advanced Course. Upon ac­ ceptance, students are required to take one military science course each academic year (junior and senior) and participate in the leadership Development Program. During this period the student is paid a $100.00 per month subsistence allowance for each month enrolled in school not to exceed $1 ,000.00 per academic year. In addi­ tion, students must attend a six-week ROTC Summer Camp located at Fort Bragg, North Carolina. Students receive food and lodging and are paid approximately $500.00 plus travel expenses while attending this camp. ROTC SCHOLARSHIPS Army ROTC Scholarships are available on a competitive basis for three-year, two-year, and one-year periods. These scholarships include full tuition, books, fees, and a $100 .00 per month allowance for each month of the school year not to exceed $1 ,000.00 per school year. TWO-YEAR PROGRAM Widener College al so offers a two-year Army ROTC Program for those stu­ dents transferring from junio r colleges or other insti tutions at which ROTC was not offered or who were previously unable to enro ll in a ROTC Program. In order to participate in the two-year program , a student must attend a six-wee k Army ROTC Basic Camp at Fo rt Knox, Kentucky. Students interes ted in entering the ROTC Program in this manner must apply to the Professo r of Military Science prior to 1 April of their sophomore year. Students enrolled in the two-yea r Army 22 ROTC Program have the same stature and opportunities as those enrolled in the Advanced Course of the basic four-year program . Veterans and students who par­ ticipated in Junior ROTC for three years in high school are also eligible to com­ plete the program in two years.

Teacher Education Program The Teacher Education program is open to all Liberal Arts students, Nursing students, and Economics majors. This program offers certification as pre-school teachers, secondary school teachers, and school nurses to students who com­ plete the appropriate requirements. Each of these certification programs re­ quires a different number of education courses and experiences to complete. However, each program is designed to fit within the normal four-year sequence of studies. Students interested in the education option should contact their ad­ visor and the Director of Teacher Education during their freshman year.

Senior Projects Students can look forward to participating in a Senior Project, an activity that should prove to be the capstone of their undergraduate education. The project concept is in keeping with an educational philosophy strongly oriented toward finding solutions to some of the problems of the individual and modern society. It is an activity designed to enable the student to develop his or her ability not only to carry out various forms of research in the library, in the laboratory, or in the field, but also to think critically, creatively, and humanely. Students are encouraged to form their own teams and to select a challenging and significant project in which they can use their individual and combined abili­ ties to best advantage. Students may wish to work with other st udents in their cur­ riculum or center on a project close ly related to their chosen profession. For example, a team majoring in engineering might work on a problem in aero­ mechanics; a team of language majors might join in developing a study program for the Spanish-speaking community; or a team of political science majors might investigate a problem connected with municipal government. In some cases , projects will be associated with, perhaps even sponso red by, outside institutions such as industries, government agencies and other educa­ tional institutions. Expert consultants may also be brought in to advise team s. Thus, for students who are professionally oriented, participation in a project might be compared with an internship through which they are exposed to the kinds of situations that they might very well encounter after graduation. In addition to improving ability to work closely with others, team projects af­ ford students an excellent opportunity to further develop and polish communica­ tion skills, both oral and written. There is communication with teammates on a day-to-day basis in designing and carrying out the project. There is also a written report submitted to faculty and a final oral presentation to which professionals and the general public may be invited. Most important, while projects usually allow students considerable freedom in their approach to the objectives set down early in the program and are struc­ tured to encourage creativity in every phase, from inspiration, through design, to

23 final repo rts, great empha i is placed on individual and team performance. For, along with ocial awarene , analyti al abi lity, crea ti vi ty, and the humanitarian spirit, it is the ability to perfo rm that disti nguishes th e Widener graduate and enables him or he r to arry o ut both personal and profe ional responsibi lities in today' society.

Accreditation Widener College is accredited by the Middle tate Associati o n of College and Schools. Engineering i accredited by the Accreditation Boa rd for Engineer­ ing and Technology, chemistry by th e Ameri ca n Chemica l o iety and nursing by the Penn ylvania Board of Nurse Examiners and the ational League for ursing. The Delaware Law chool of Widener Univer ity i fully approved and accredited by the American Bar A o iation. The Edu ca tio n program of Widener ollege is accredited by the Penn ylvania Department of Education and th e Pennsylvania Private Academic School Board . Eight national honor societi es have es tabli hed hapter at Widener College to recognize outstanding holar hip in th eir re pe ti ve fields. The ocieti e and thei r fi Ids are: Alpha Chi and Ph i Kappa Phi , national cho larship honor socie­ tie ; Alpha Psi Omega, dramatics; Omicron Delta Epsilon , onorn ics ; Pi Gamma Mu , ocial science; igma Pi igma, ph ics; and Tau Beta Pi , engi neering.

Overseas Learning Experiences The College has secured limited arrangements with the universities of Sussex and Keele in Engla nd , Marburg in West Germany and trasbourg in Fran ce to pro-

24 vide opportunities for overseas study for interested and qualified upperclassmen. It is anticipated that expansion of such programs in the future will be in direct propor­ tion to student interest and accomplishment in exi sting ones. Through cooperative arra ngements with other colleges , universities, and non­ profit groups, Widener students can plan on a year of study abroad in Spain, France, Italy, and in Latin American countries.

Summer Sessions The summer sessions at Widener College provide fully-accredited courses in the humanities, social sciences, engineering, phys ica l sciences, economics and mana gement, and nursing. Specific course offerings are in accordance w ith student interes t and demand. Th e 13 week o f ummer ession include o ne pre-sea o n of three and one­ half weeks and two regular sess io ns o f five weeks ea h. A student attending the pre-sess ion may take one co urse ; a student attending th e five-week e sion may take a max imum of two courses in each ession. Coun eling se rvices are avail able to all students througho ut the summer ses ­ sio ns. All classes and laborato ri es are conducted in fully ai r-conditi oned faci li­ ties . Th ere are also oppo rtunities fo r gymnas ti c exe rci e , wimming and out­ door po rt s, in cl uding tennis. Tuit ion, fees and room and board charges fo r summer e ion are li sted in the se parate summer sc hool ca talog published eac h pring. In ad diti on, th ere are two ummer e sions during evening hours, each ix wee ks in length , and a va ri ety of institutes, workshops and special programs o f­ fe red by University Coll ege .

Evening Courses Fo r those interes ted in conti nu ing thei r educa tions o n a part-time ba is in the eve ning, W idener Unive r ity offer both credit and non-credit program in University College. Specific offering in liberal art s, business management, en­ gi nee ring, and scie nce would be ava il able on the Unive rsity's Pennsylva nia Ca m­ pu s. Additional offerin gs would be ava ilable on th e University's Delaware Ca mpus. Th ere will al o be credit and no n-credit programs being co nducted at off­ ca mpu sites in res ponse to perceived loca l need . Th e ca talogs of University College are ava ilable at the main offices on th e Pennsy lvania and Delaware campuses o f the University.

Project Prepare In 1969, Widener College launched another innovative program, Project Pre­ pare, to help educationally and economically disadvantaged students prepare for college. The project features a seven-week summer tutorial and counseling pro­ gram for the selected high school seniors preparatory to enrollment in a regular schedule of courses in the fall. Continuing special counseling and tutorial services are available to the students as needed throughout their matriculation as regular students. 25 26 A particular effort is being made to find and to encourage such students who evidence an interest in the fields of engineering and science because comparatively few students in this type of program in higher education are now preparing for careers in those fields.

The Widener Way, Center for Adults in Transition The Widener Way is a continuing educa tion program for adults 24 yea rs of age and over who desi re to begin or res ume a college educa ti on leading toward a bacca laurea te degree. The program's purpose is to ease the transition into part­ time or full-time undergraduate studies fo r the adult who has experienced a discontinuity in educa ti o n . Students enrolled in the Program are offered special support se rvices which include : open admission policy, flexible scheduling, academic, career, and perso nal counse ling, ancf a tuition-free, 3-credit course, Tran si tional Education (E d 100) which is des igned to refres h communication skills. This course may be taken alone or in conjunction with other undergraduate courses and is offered day, evening and Saturday morning. In addition, non-credit courses in transi­ tional math, transi tional chemistry and ca reer development are offered. Call (215) 499-4292 for information and appointments during day or evening hours.

Paralegal Program Students in Paral egal Studies investigate legal resea rch , corpo rate law, es tate planning and administration, rea l es tate law, and litigation . Approved by the America n Bar Association, the program is offered in the summer and repeated during evenings in the fa ll and spring. The program features instruction by practicing attorneys. Students take all the subjects above and then specialize in one of them. Up to twelve academic credits may be earned by passing optional examinations. Those who complete the program are qualified to work as legal assistants in such enterprises as private law offices, banks, corporations, government offices, real estate and title companies. Detailed information is available upon request from the Director of Paralegal Studies.

Graduate Studies Widener University offers graduate-level programs in business administra­ tion, engi neering, nursi ng and teacher educa tion . Information may be obtai ned from the individual centers.

Law Those interested in studying law should consult the se parate ca talog pub­ lished by the Delaware l aw School of Widener University, and obtainable from that admissions office by writing to : The Delaware law School of Widener University, P.O. Box 7474 , Concord Pike, Wilmington, DE 19803.

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