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Schirmer Encyclopedia of Film, Vol. 1 (Barry Keith Grant).Pdf Schirmer Encyclopedia of Film Schirmer Encyclopedia of Film VOLUME 1 ACADEMY AWARDSÒ–CRIME FILMS Barry Keith Grant EDITOR IN CHIEF Schirmer Encyclopedia of Film Barry Keith Grant Project Editor Editorial Support Services Imaging and Multimedia Michael J. Tyrkus Luann Brennan, Paul Lewon Dean Dauphinais, Mary Grimes, Lezlie Light, Michael Logusz, Christine O’Bryan Editorial Research Tom Burns, Jim Craddock, Elizabeth Cranston, Product Design Sue Rudolph Kristen A. Dorsch, Dana Ferguson, Allison Jennifer Wahi-Bradley Marion, Kathleen D. Meek, Kathleen Lopez Nolan, Kevin Nothnagel, Marie Toft, Yolanda Rights and Acquisitions Manufacturing Williams Ron Montgomery, Jessica Stitt Wendy Blurton, Evi Seoud ª2007 Schirmer Reference, an imprint of For permission to use material from this pro- Cover photographs reproduced by permission Thomson Gale, a part of The Thomson duct, submit your request via Web at http:// of Everett Collection. Corporation. www.gale-edit.com/permissions, or you may Since this page cannot legibly accommodate all download our Permissions Request form and Thomson and Star Logo are trademarks and copyright notices, the acknowledgements submit your request by fax or mail to: Gale is a registered trademark used herein constitute an extension of the copyright notice. under license. Permissions Department While every effort has been made to ensure the For more information contact Thomson Gale reliability of the information presented in this Thomson Gale 27500 Drake Rd. publication, Thomson Gale does not guarantee 27500 Drake Rd. Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3535 the accuracy of the data contained herein. Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3535 Permissions Hotline: Thomson Gale accepts no payment for listing; Or you can visit our Internet site at 248-699-8006 or 800-877-4253, ext. 8006 and inclusion in the publication of any organi- http://www.gale.com Fax: 248-699-8074 or 800-762-4058 zation, agency, institution, publication, service, or individual does not imply endorsement of ALL RIGHTS RESERVED the editors or publisher. Errors brought to the No part of this work covered by the copyright attention of the publisher and verified to the hereon may be reproduced or used in any form satisfaction of the publisher will be corrected in or by any means—graphic, electronic, or future editions. mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution, or information storage retrieval systems—without the written permission of the publisher. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA Grant, Barry Keith, 1947- Schirmer encyclopedia of film / Barry Keith Grant. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-02-865791-2 (set hardcover : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-02-865791-8 ISBN-13: 978-0-02-865792-9 (vol. 1 : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-02-865792-6 [etc.] 1. Motion pictures–Encyclopedias. I. Title. PN1993.45.G65 2007 791.4303–dc22 2006013419 ISBN-13: ISBN-10: 978-0-02-865791-2 (set) 0-02-865791-8 (set) 978-0-02-865792-9 (vol. 1) 0-02-865792-6 (vol. 1) 978-0-02-865793-6 (vol. 2) 0-02-865793-4 (vol. 2) 978-0-02-865794-3 (vol. 3) 0-02-865794-2 (vol. 3) 978-0-02-865795-0 (vol. 4) 0-02-865795-0 (vol. 4) British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. This title is also available as an e-book ISBN-13: 978-0-02-866100-1 (set), ISBN-10: 0-02-866100-1 (set) Contact your Thomson Gale sales representative for ordering information. Printed in China 10987654321 Editorial Board EDITOR IN CHIEF Barry Keith Grant Professor of Film Studies and Popular Culture at Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada Author, editor, or co-author of more than a dozen books on film, including Documenting the Documentary: Close Readings of Documentary Film and Video, The Film Studies Dictionary, Film Genre Reader III, and Film Genre: From Iconography to Ideology. He also edits the Contemporary Approaches to Film and Television series for Wayne State University Press and the New Approaches to Film Genre series for Blackwell Publishers. ADVISORY EDITORS David Desser Professor of Cinema Studies, Comparative Literature, East Asian Languages and Cultures, and Jewish Studies at the University of Illinois, Urbana–Champaign Author of The Samurai Films of Akira Kurosawa, Eros plus Massacre: An Introduction to the Japanese New Wave Cinema; co-author of American Jewish Filmmakers; editor of Ozu’s ‘‘Tokyo Story’’; and the co-editor of a number of other books on Asian cinema. Jim Hillier Former Senior Lecturer in Film Studies at the University of Reading (UK) in the Department of Film, Theatre & Television Publications include: as editor, Cahiers du Cine´ma Vol. 1: the 1950s and Vol. 2: the 1960s,andAmerican Independent Cinema; and, as author, The New Hollywood. Janet Staiger William P. Hobby Centennial Professor in Communication at the University of Texas at Austin Author of Media Reception Studies, Blockbuster TV: Must-See Sitcoms in the Network Era, Perverse Spectators: The Practices of Film Reception, and co-editor of Authorship and Film. Contents VOLUME 1 Preface IX List of Articles XI ACADEMY AWARDSÒ–CRIME FILMS 1 Index 411 VOLUME 2 List of Articles IX CRITICISM–IDEOLOGY 1 Index 413 VOLUME 3 List of Articles IX INDEPENDENT FILM–ROAD MOVIES 1 Index 423 VOLUME 4 List of Articles IX ROMANTIC COMEDY–YUGOSLAVIA 1 Glossary 409 Notes on Advisors and Contributors 419 Index 433 VII Preface The Schirmer Encyclopedia of Film is intended as a standard reference work in the field of film studies. Designed to meet the needs of general readers, university students, high school students and teachers, it offers a comprehensive and accessible overview of film history and theory with an American emphasis. SCOPE OF THE WORK Readers will find in the Schirmer Encyclopedia of Film the major facts about film history, clear explanations of the main theoretical concepts and lines of scholarly interpretation, and guidance through important debates. Approaching cinema as art, entertainment, and industry, the Encyclopedia features entries on all important genres, studios, and national cinemas, as well as entries on relevant technological and industrial topics, cultural issues, and critical approaches to film. To be sure, there are numerous other reference works and film encyclopedias available, on the shelves of both retail bookstores and library reference sections. However, the Schirmer Encyclopedia of Film is distinctive in format and coverage. The Encyclopedia’s 200 entries are substantial in length—from approximately 1,500 to 9,000 words. Even as these essays distill influential scholarship in different areas of film studies, they also offer fresh arguments and perspectives. Accompanying the main entries are more than 230 sidebars profiling important figures in film history. More than career summaries, each profile places the subject’s achievements within the context of the particular entry it accompanies, offering a historical or theoretical perspective on the person profiled. GUIDE TO THE WORK Within the main entries, the first mention of a film title is the film’s original language title followed parenthetically by the American release title, the name of the director (if it is not mentioned in the text), and the year of the film’s release. A title that has no English release title is translated parenthetically but not italicized. In subsequent mentions of non-English language titles within the same entry, the most well-known title is used. Also upon first mention, the names of historically important figures are followed parenthetically by the dates of birth and death. Each of the entries is followed by a Further Reading section. These bibliographies include both any works referenced in the body of the entry and other major works on the IX PREFACE subject in English. In a few instances books or articles published in languages other than English are mentioned where appropriate. For the most part, references to Internet sources are not included, because of their more fleeting nature, except where appropriate. The sidebars—highlighting important individual accomplishments—are color-coded to indicate broadly the type of achievement discussed. Sidebars for actors and performers are shaded in green, directors in blue, and those involved in other aspects of film production in yellow. People whose influence has been more culturally pervasive and not restricted primarily to cinema, are shaded in tan. Each of the sidebars is followed by headings for Recommended Viewing and Further Reading. The viewing sections are not complete filmographies but suggest the best, most representative, or most useful works concerning the person profiled. Similarly, the reading lists are not meant as definitive lists but are intended to steer the reader by citing the principal sources of information regarding the subject. The Encyclopedia also features an Index and a Glossary. The comprehensive index, including all topics, concepts, names, and terms discussed in the work, will enable readers to locate information throughout the Encyclopedia in a more thorough manner than cross- references provided at the end of entries. Readers should use the Glossary to track subjects not treated in separate articles but discussed within the context of multiple articles. The Glossary provides concise definitions of terms used in the entries as well as other basic film studies terms that informed readers should know. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Editor-in-Chief wishes to thank all of the contributors for their expertise and professionalism. The Editorial Advisory Board, consisting of Professors David Desser, Jim Hillier, and Janet Staiger, provided invaluable editorial guidance. Nevertheless, the realization of this Encyclopedia would not have been possible without the expertise and tireless efforts of Mike Tyrkus, Senior Content Project Editor at Thomson Gale and Project Coordinator for the Schirmer Encyclopedia of Film, who, among other duties, coordinated the submission and copyediting of the work of the 150 contributing scholars from nearly twenty countries whose writings comprise these pages.
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