1934 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 5, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS NATIONAL YOUTH SERVICE AS morale and performance on duty. In every shape and would be slaughtered just like AN ALTERNATIVE congressional office I know, there is a sheaf the divisions sent against North Korea at of cases where some young man has volun­ the beginning of that war. It scares the life teered for four years only ·to learn that he out of me that my husband would have to HON. PAUL N. McCLOSKEY, JR. had a three-year option; had been promised lead and depend on the men in his compa- OF CALIFORNIA education and training, and after about six ny. They would be worthless., · IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES months of not getting it, has pointed to J'Tom another standpoint, the current some recruiting misrepresentation~ The system is working unfairly against the poor · Tuesday, February 5, ·1980 South has traditionally been the area from and minortties. We are a rich, powerful, pre­ Mr. McCLOSKEY. Mr. Speaker, Dr. which we drew volunteers most easily. Re· dominantly white nation. Yet an increasing e cently, however, nine recruiting officers percentage of those we call on for the most Martin Anderson's article from the have faced criminal charges in North Caroli­ onerous duty of citizenship-defending our · autumn issue of CommonSense ap­ na alope, in a widespread investigation of re­ freedoiilS-are poor, blac~. or brown. The peared fn the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD cruiting frauds. 8 If that situation continues, disparity in Vietnam was bad enough. While Extensions of Remarks on Wednesday, we have a harsh decision to make. · 17 percent of our population is black or January 30, 1980. Because we have · The Senate Armed Services Subcommittee Latino, these two minorities suffered over ·seen evidence "that the All-Volunteer on Manpower voted four to three to restore 40 percent of infantry_ casualties in that Army concept is not working, I would draft registration. • The House Armed Serv­ war. If we went to war today, that percent­ like to respond to this very important ices Committee voted 30 to four to restore age would be higher. If you recall the registration for the draft.• Our two commit· famous picture of President Carter jogging issue by calling to the attention of my · tees of expertise in the House and Senate in Korea with the front-line troops near the colleagues the following comments both feel that we must prepare to return to DMZ, you cannot faU to have noticed that· which appeared in the same issue of the draft. Last September, the House of nearly all of those soldiers with ~im were CommonSense. Representatives voted to defer registration black. None of us should feel too comfort­ NATIONAL YOUTH SERVICE AS AN ALTERNATIVE because Members did not feel the evidence able having our whfte-dominated nation of was sufficient as yet to convince our politi· (By PAUL N. McCLOSKEY, Ja.) affluence and freedom asking that our most cat" constituencies that a return to the draft difficult task be perf-ormed primarily by the None of us wish to consider a -return ·to is necessary. 11 This is a controversial politi­ poor and minorities. . the eli-aft if the all-volunteer force concept cal issue which politicians may be reluctant It is not that 'we want to return to a draft. is working; or can be made to work. to face squarely, particularly in an election In the past year, however, it has become It is that we may have no other alternative year. Congress has agreed to defer consider­ if we are to spread the burden fairly and . · increasingly clear that not one of the four ation of registration pending a thorough · also to have a quality f'.ghting force consist­ branches of the service has been able to re­ Administration study of the all-volunteer ent with our national security. Nor are we cruit the required number of Qualified force, with consideration of alternative solu- considering a draft because we need a larger young people. Despite increased recn,Uting tions including a return to the draft or the Army The overall size of our Army may budgets, I think it fair to state that there· National Youth Service concept., well be reduced ln future years. Even now are very few reasonable young men today SOLDIERS OF QUALITY we would need perhaps only 400,000 young who will volunteer to be combat-ready sol· men of the 2.1 million who turn 18 each diers in time of peace. And the question be­ Our pr1m e concern must b e t h e quail tY 0 f vear. If we ·include women, this is less than comes: if we cannot get reasonable young those soldiers who make up our military "" men to volunteer, can we afford an Army of forces. In time of peace in the past, it may one-out-of-10 of the total 18-year-old popu- unreasonable or unqualified people at a have been possible to get.by with less than a lation-one-in-five if we lnclude men only. 11 time when the requirements of skill in han­ cross-section of citizens of the There is no way to keep high morale in an dling sophisticated weapons systems and making up our armed forces. But today, the armed force made up of individuals who coolness in tense international situations job of a combat soldier is mo_re complicated. were the· one-in-five or one-in-10 unlucky have never been more necessary around the A soldier. may be assigned to guard nuclear enough to be chosen by lottery. None of us world? weapons in Germany, or guard an embassy want to return to a draft where there is a It has been suggested by some that we in Tehran. Today, the job of a combat sol- college exemption · that places the burden should douli)le the pay in order to attract a dier calls not only for coolheadedness but oruy on those who can't-qualify or afford 'to better quality volunteer. But payroll costs also for intelligence and technical skills not get into college. · have increased from $21 billion five years needed in earlier days. There have been oc- It seeiilS basic to me tha~ we should seek a ago to $28.7 billion this year.' It is my un­ casiona·in American history where wars oc- return to the prinicple that George Wash­ derstanding we are already spending 55 per­ curred because someone was trigger happy- ington laid down in 1783: that the privilege cent of our defense budget on manpower the first shot at Lexington, for example. of being an American justifies a duty to costs, compared to only 25 per.cent by the The Boston Massacre occurred · and in- serve the country a year or two in one's Soviets.• Can we afford to increase this per­ flamed the 13 colonies when ·someone fired youth. centage? Even if we could, there is no assur­ a round into a crowd by mistake or panic. A If that ciuty is to be accepted by today's ance that it would sol e the problem. lack of coolness or mistake in judgment at idealistic young people, the duty must be I have visited half of the 24 high schools the Brandenburg Gate could · lead this universal and shared by all. The opportuni­ in my congressional district and asked the nation into war. We need quality soldiers of ty of serVice to the nation and community question: "How many of you will volunteer intelligence and common $ense to deal with should include civilian as well as military to be combat riflemen if I tell you you are today's communications equipment ·and service. It is on this basis that I have pro- , going to·train in the jungle or desert..Jn :the weapons systems. posed the National Youth Service concept summer and the Arctic in the winter, that This need is not being met. In the last sev- . you are going to run 20 miles a day, that eral years, the Army has had to downgrade you are either going to be hot, tired, and its ·training manuals from the 12th grade to THE NA'l'IONAL YOUTH SERVICE ACT dirty, · or cold, wet, ·. and miserable-how the eighth grade level, and recently to even Essentially, the bill provides for four -op­ many of you will volunteer if we double the lower leve~.· The May ·2, 1979, Stars and tions to each 18-year-old. Each young pay from $418 a month to $836 a month?" I Stripes reports a test of 450 soldiers in West person, man or woman, could volunteer to have yet to see a single hand raised. Germany revealed that only seven could ·serve in a combat arm for two years. If he or People can be led to enlist by promises of read at the 9th grade level! • With respect to she did so, at a prescribed minimum subsist· travel, ·_ education, and cushy, interesting the quality of-the American soldiers in Ger· ence wage, such a volunteer would receive jobs iil the Army. But in many cases, these many, a German police spokesman in Erlan­ four years of college benefits as compensa­ · promises constitute nothing less than fraud. gen, asked about increasing crime rates, was tion. The subsistence wage would not be the Duping the ignorant and unwary into volun­ quoted: "I get the impression that over the current pay of $418 a month, but closer to teering produces· two inevitable results. Army, t.he quality of the soldier has gone an 18-year-old would have would be to serve People who volunteer drop out in their first doWn. Some of them come across as totally for six months on active duty as a reservist tour of duty because their expectations · illiterate and without any internal leader­ with a five and one-half year obligation to. have not been met; or they suffer low ship.''10 The wife .of a career Army sergeant remain combat-ready-which means -being wrote to me recently: "I can confirm your able to run 20 miles a day, being ready to go Footnotes at end of article. belief ·that the military is greatly out of into action on instant notice. The third . . • This .. bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spokea by the Member on the floor. February 5, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1935 option would be a year of •civilian service the country, I don't think you will see any FARMERS ARE IN PRECARIOUS which could be done in private institutions lack of idealism in our .young people. for SITUATION and for charitable gioups. It could--include some of them to serve·the arduous demands the Candy Stripe hospital assistance pro- of military service. I believe we have large gram; it could include maintaining or pre- numbers of young Americans today who HON. CARROLL HUBBARD, JR. serving the trails of American, cleaning up would like to serve in· civilian service but are OF KENTUCKY . impoverished neighborhoods, coaching denied the opportunity to do so. There Is no summer basketball leagues, or participating lack of volunteers for the Peace Corps or for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in the - ~ominunity service side of church Forest ·Service jobs. We could save half the Tuesd(J,Y, February 5, 1980 missionary work such as the Mormon forests ·in California which bum dowri each Church's foreign missions program. Only if year if we had adequate numbers of young e Mr. HUBBARD. Mr. Speaker, one did not volunteer for any of these three people to watch for fires and to fight fires. during these times of international major types of service to the nation would immediately when they occur. crises and uncertain expectations, our an individual then be subject to the draf'· great Nation is relearning the meaning between the 18th and 24th birthday. Non- If it turns out that the continuing lack of of personal sacrifice. Yet, we should. volunteers would go into a -pool, bat even quafity and quantity oi our services requires then they would be subject to the draft onl'li a return to some form of the draft,- then, at snare as equally in this burden as pos­ if there were insufficient volunteers for the that point', very possibly as early as next sible. While our attention is focused - active military forces and the Reserves. The spring, I recommend that the Republican naturally on events overseas, let ·us not obligation would be shared by all, but no Party adopt this concept of a national duty· forget the Americans who ~re paying · one need be drafted who volunteered for to serve in return for the privilege of being an especially high price to send .a humanitarian service. · an American. I can conceive of no fairer way lesson to the Soviets, the . American Dr. Anderson and others have su~gested to spread the .obligation of protecting our farmers. Fanners are in a precarious that, at least in peacetime,' a military draft country. economic situation, which was de­ constitutes involuntary servitude and vio- . scribed very plainly to me in a recent lates the 13th Amendment. This is clearly letter from a constituent, Edward F. an erroneous position. FOOTNOTE~ Young of Princeton, Ky. Especially for The Supreme Court has. squarely held, by • U.S. Department of Defense, Annual Report: denying certiorari in two cases in the 1960s, . Fiseal Year 1980, p. 23. those Members of Congress from that in peacetime the government has the a Estimates by U.S; House of Representatives urban areas w:Po do not hear directly power both to draft people into. the military Armed Services Committee. from farmers, I would like to record services and to require, in order to maintain •office of Congressional Liaison, · U.S. D~p~ the following letter: morale and discipline in the armed services, ment of the Army, November 19, 1979. DEAR MR. HusBARri: Why is it that every that conscientious objecto:r;s and persons not • Congressional Quarterly, June 9, 1979, p. 1115. time the economy begins to look like the drafted serve in some civilian form of serv­ · • U.S. House of Representatives Armed Services American Farmer can make a decent profit, ice as an alternative.•• Admittedly the gov­ Conunittee, House Report 96-166, May 15, 1979. • Congressional Record, September 12, 1979. p. the government finds a way to put th~ idea ernment is without the power to compel to rest? peacetime ciVilian service alone. That would D1145. . 'Amendment to H.R. 4040, Department of De­ I am part owner and. operate a fertilizer be involuntary servitude and violative of the and farm supply store here in Princeton. . 13th Amendment·in my judgment. fense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1980 by Rep. Patricia Schroeder upheld by the Supreme Court used •Testimony of Secretary of the Army Clifford Al­ farmers face. Right now, while you. read the-following language: "Compulsory civil­ exander, Subcommittee on Manpower and Person­ this, the American Farmers are in one of ian labor does not stand alone, but it is the nel, U.S. Senate Armed SerVices Committee, .No­ the most precarious positions they have alternative to compulsory inllitary service. vember 19, 1979. ever encountered. It is not a punishment, but is instead a • According to Stars and Stripes, the U.S. Army Inflation during the last five years has means for preserving discipline and morale began to step up '.'Its basic skills education pro­ gram," in Bremerhaven and Clay Casem in Oster­ been unbearable. Equipment prices have .in the Armed Forces. The power of Con­ doubled. Interest rates have doubled. Many gress to raiSe arinies and to take effective holz-Scharmbeck, West Germany, "in an effort to measures to preserve this efficiency, is not bring 1lliterate soldiers up to a ninth-grade reading. other items and supplies· have more than langu_age and math level•••• doubled. However, the price the farmers can limited by either the 13th Amendment or get for their product;! is less today than U the absence of a military emergency~" ,. "Education experts said that about 875 soldiers was five years ago. Why? What happens In another case, the Supreme Court held: assigned to north Germany units-665 of them as­ when the nation's leading industry faces "The power of coercing the ~itizen to render signed to the 2nd Armd Div . Inco:r;ne to be up. This is misleading. They preservation." •• "Education experts note that many of these sol­ should publish net income or real farm We should not forget that the very reason diers lack basic literacy &kills to the point where income. I don't think anyone really realizes we adopted our Constitution was so that the they carinot f111 out forms for enrollment in eduCa­ what conditions exist. central government could have the Power to tion classes. A number of them are unable to read The only way the American Farmer has raise an army in peacetime-a power which and understand Army training and maintenance survived these past few years is through in· didn't exist even in wartime under the origi­ manuals, they_say.. . . creased efficiency and increased borrowing nal Articles of Confederation. "'The problem of literacy is severe:· said Rich power gained through tbe inflated land RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS Johnston, an education counselor at Clay Casern. .'The problem is pathetic. We have tested many sol­ prices. The Secretary of Agriculture believes The key to the problem, again, is restora­ diers here who have earned high school diplomas farm land prices .are too high now. What tion of the concept that the privilege of U.S. and they are only able to read at a fifth-grade level. will hapi)en to the farmer if the farm land citizenship justifies a universal duty of serv­ We've tested other soldiers who are able to read p~ices level or decline and the Federal Re­ ice to the nation in one's youth. Once this only at a third-grade level'...• serve Board's "tight money policy" contin­ concept of duty...,...currently a casualty of the "Education officials · at Clay Casem said they ues?' I personally don't know a single farmer Vietnam War-is ·restored, once it is accept­ have tested 450 soldiers for BSEP. Only seven that can survive anotl'ier five years under ed that the purpose bf that service is to tested out at a ninth-grade tevel or higher in math, present conditions. I believe in survival of defend the country, not to invade foreign language and reading." Dan Synovec, "Army Gears the fittest, but the small and part-time and nations, the National Youth Service alterna­ Up Against Illlteracy,"'The Stars and StripeS, May the inefficient farmer have. already been 2, 1979. ' eliminated. tive may well prove the best way we have to 10Michael Getler, "3 Alleged Rapes by Gls Strain both provide a quality and respected mili­ Relations in W. Germany," The Washington Post, Think of the "snowballfng" effect the tary force, yet also meet the aspirations of . May 29, 1979. farmer's probiems have on other people, i.e., our young people who wish to serve the 11 U.S. Department of Defense, America's Volun­ Jnachinery. manufacturers and dealers, fer- · country or their community in an humani­ teers: A Report on the All-Volunteer Armed Forces, ~ili~er and farm suppliers like myself, and tarian capacity. Once the duty is a duty December 31, 1978, p. 18. the .farm laborers that will be out of work. shared by all, that duty will merit its own 11 United States v. Holmes, 387 F.2nd 781 <1968>. The present embargo on Russia only respect. Once the duty is accepted, in my Certiorari to the United States Supreme Court serves to highlight a problem that has long judgment, enough 18-year-olds may volun­ denied, 391 U.S. 9361 <1968>; Badger v. United been in. existence. What are we going to do teer so that no one need be drafted. States, 322 F.2nd 902 <9 Cir. 1963>. Certiorari to the to keep these farmers from losing their With the threat' of the draft in the back­ United States Supreme Court denied, 376 u.s. 9.14 farms and people like me from losing their ground, 18-year-olds may very well provide (1964). businesses? If there is any le_gislation in 13 Howze v. United Stales, 272 F.2nd l46, 148 sufficient volunteers to adequately make up <1959). - proces5 now to help, I urge you· to support If it. If there' isn't any, I urge you to start both the regular forces and the Reserves. 1• Lichter v. United States, 334 U.S. 742, 757 it is understood that there is .a duty to.serve <1948>, footnote 4.e some. Let me know if the;re is anything I 1936 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 5, 1980 can do to help. We in the Agricultural In· Americans living overseas in terms of their THE PRESIDEN':f'S REPLY dustry are in a world of "hurt." ability to transmit basic Human Rights to. "There are no longer any provisions of law Thanks for your time and listening ear. their children simply because of diff-erent . which discriminate against ' citizens born. Sincerely, kinds-of employers of Americans abroad? abroad with respect to retention or loss of EDWARD F; YOUNG.e The President stated that the Congress, in citiZenship. During the hearings on the bill, making such a legislative distinction, was Congress considered arguments for and carrying out a 'legitimate purpose on a against retroactive repeal of Section 301 AMERICAN CITIZENS ABROAD sound basis. Doubtless good reasons can

DICKEY-LINCOLN P~OJECT umes of report on the Dickey-Lincoln proJ- tion growth, and improve the chances of·a ect attempt to establish beyond argument. project passing the benefit-cost test. In ad­ The economic Justification for construction dition to recreational benefits, the Dickey- . HON. ROBERT W. EDGAR of the Dickey-Lincoln dams. rests on the Lincoln benefit-cost•ratio Is raised by "rede­ OF PENNSYLVANIA Army Corps' benefit-cost study, which velopment" benefits, which are proJect out­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES arrays benefits ·and costs in dollars and con- lays for labor that otherwise would be un­ cludes that a proJect Is justified econoinical- emp.oyed or underemployed in northern Tuesday, February 5, 1980 ly if the b~nefits exceed the costs. Dickey-· Maine. Redevelopment benefits are not con- - e Mr. EDGAR. Mr. Speaker, I would Lincoln passes the benefit-cost test by the fined to labor expenditures during dam con­ narrowest of margins, 1.2 benefits to 1 costs. struction, but take acco~t of .later oper-· like to include for the record an article But in reaching 1.2:1, the Army Corps en- action and maintenance expenditure as well, on the Dickey-Lincoln project, which gages in some extraordinary' data manipula- .thus assuming the depressed conditions in appeared in the September 9, 19"78, tion. · the project's labor market will extend edition of · the Dartmouth Alumni Note that the Army Corps, which is re- beyond the period of construction. Finally, magazine. . The article discusses some sponsible for the design and construction of Dickey-Lincoln counts "downstream" bene­ of the problems of the proposed ·proj­ the project, prepares the ben~fit-cost study fits of $3.5 million annually for the increase ect.- Fortunately, the decision of the that recommends the proJect to . Congress in power availability to the United States· P\lblic Works and Transportation for funding. Remember, also, that an above- from New Brunswick hydroelectric produc­ one benefit-cost ratio, Justifies withdraw~ ers. Because Dickey-Lincoln will impound Committee to deauthorize the project resources from private use for public proj- the ·spring runoff of the St. John River, was upheld on the House floor recent­ ects, an important incentive for the Army making this water available for later .Power ly. Corps to underestimate costs and pad bene- generation in New Brunswick as -well as in The article follows: fits !n reaching the 1.2:1 ratio. For example, Maine, a credit for the value of the New £From tne Dartmouth Alumni magazine, in mid-1978, the prime rate of interest-the Brunswick power sold in the United States Sept. 9, 1978] cost of money for low-risk private borrow- Is added to project benefits. Significantly, in DICKEY-LINCOLN: WHO WANTS IT? WHO ers-was about 8.5 per cent. For purposes of however, ·the benefits but no share the analysis, however, the Army Corps em- production costs of this power are attribut­ NEEDS IT? ployed interest rates of 3.25 per cent and ed to Dickey-Lincoln. 6.38 per cent in computing the Dickey-Lin- The rush of spring runoff of the St. John coln benefit-cost-ratios. Neither of these in· It Is clear that the benefit-cost analysis of River in northern Maine is prized by ca­ terest rates provides a realistic market test the Army Corps, although purporting to for Dickey-Lincoln, and the 3.25 rate is so follow market standards, does not find these noeists and coveted by federal power pro­ standards to be much of a restraint 1il com­ ducers. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers far from reality that its use can only be aii puting benefits. What about costs? _For a has.plans for the st. John that involve con­ embarrassment even tp the most bardened project such as Dickey-Lincoln, costs cover verting. one of the most attractive white­ Army Corps champion. the· full range of econoinic goods and serv- water runs in the ·Northeast intq a power­ Congress expects benefit-cost analysis to ices. Some of these costs can be manipulat­ producing reservoir. The Army Corps proj­ show two things: how a project ranks in ect would generate something over a billion comparison with others and whether a par- ed; that is, adjusted or selected by the ana- kilowatt hours of peaking power annually, ticular .project is justified econoinically. In lyst. Others simply must be transcribed mostly for the Massachusetts market, plus other words, projects with benefit-cost from market data. The most important i f 2 8 1 d 3 2 1 1 1 i single project cost, the interest rate, is at about 250 million kilowatt hours of interme­ rat os 0 • : an · : are c ear Y super or least parlially within the control of the fed-· diate power per year for northern Maine to a project with a ratio of 1. .2:1, although customers. all three pass the benefit-cost test for eco- e~al agencies, since the rate used is adopted Authorized by Congress in 1965 but never nomic JU.stification. If the ratio is greater by a conimittee of· high-level federal agency funded for construction. the Dickey-Lincoln than 1, resources employed in the private· representatives. Over the years, the commit­ School Lakes project has· recently been re­ sector can be shifted to public output with- tee has selected an interest rate for proJect vised and refigured by the Army Corps, out economic loss to· society. But for the analysis that has been well below the largely in response to rising concern over above-one ratio to be a reliable guide to the market rate, for example, employing 6.38 energy sources. The Dickey-Lincoln project optimum private-public resource distribu- per cent in the case of Dickey-Lincoln. when calls for two dams-a large structure at the tion, proJect data on benefits and costs must the market rate is about 8.5 per cent.· The site of the small village of Dickey, Maine, not be under- or overstated. In more cases. reason for the lower rate is simple: The and a smaller, regulating dam downstream than not, however, the federal agencies lower the interest rate, the easier it is to at Lincoln School. The Dickey Dam will pro- have been better at diScovering project Justify economically a federal proJect. . duce peaking power; the Lincoln School benefits than at ackilowledging cdsts. The The rate of interest enters benefit-cost Dam intermediate power. benefit-cost analysis of the Dickey-Lincoln analysis at two points: as a financing charge The Dickey Dam and reservoir will be project continues this tradition. · during the four or five years of project con- awesome. Dickey will be larger than the Early in the 20th century, the Army struction and as a discounting rate to coli­ Aswail Dam of Egypt at 335 feet high and Corps of Engineers built dams mainly for vert the proJect's future output to present 10,200 feet long, this earthfill structure wnr flood protection. But as years passed and worth. For an economic undertaking to back up slack water over 88,000 acres of the flood potential lessened as Corps...proJ- cover full cost-whether public or private, forest, white-water rapids, free-flowing ects were completed. dam building had to be internally or externally financed-it must streams, lakes and ponds. Much more than Justified on other grounds. ProJects were de- account for interest during construction, the St. John River will be destroyed. The signed to be "mUlti-purpose,". with power . the cost of using money in this economic ac­ Black River will be totally erased in the production gener8.lly the main purpose. - tivity. If the interest rate is 6.38 'percent, a United States and pursued to extinction Also, other benefits than power have come smaller cost is incurred than if the rate Is into Quebec. -Along With the inundation of to be relied upon to justify project develop- 8.5 percent. Since the Dickey-Lincoln proj­ rivers and streams will come the destruction ment. Recreational opportunities from res- ect Is capital intensive and the early con­ of the habitat of northern plants and ani­ ervoir use, for example, have 'frequently struction and equipment ·expenditures mals: woodcock, ruffed grouse, wood thrush, added more to the project benefits than dwarf later operation and maintenance deer,. brook trout, moose, woods warblers. flood control; and since the private market costs, the interest rate chosen for analysis marsh marigold, white spruce: tamarack, does not establish a dollar value for the res- exerts ·a crucial influence on proJect Justifi­ The list could be expanded. ervoir use by water skiers and fishermen, cation. A low rate means projects pass the Habitat destruction sounds innocuous, but Congress has designated the dollar. value benefit-cost test easily; a high rate means what it really amounts to Is a net reduction range of sucn benefits. To establish recre- they fail. in the number. of animals and plants: the ational benefits, the extent of recreational Discounting, a process which IJlanY view arctic woodpecker, the deer, the Canadian use of the project-"visitor .days"-must be as a kind _of economic legerdemaih, also em­ lynx, the white-throat sparrow, cedar, lady estimated and assigned a value: All visitor ploys the interest rate to determine the slipper, and painted trillium. ·Mobility will days have dollar value, but some kinds of present worth of a project. To compare in­ not save a species; destruction of habitat recreational opportunities are worth· more \'estments-whether public projects or pri- · brings reduction of numbers, since other than others, depending upon whether the vate business undertakings-the benefits areas generally are environmentally incom­ recreational opportunity offered by the and costs that occur over the life of these patible or populated to capacity. project is unusual or commonplace. Recre- investments must be adjusted to the present But what's so new here? Man has been· ational benefits for Dickey-Lincoln. accord- by discounting. For the capital-intensive pushing plants and animals aside for hun­ ing to the Army Corps, fall mainly in the project, in which the major cost outlays are dreds of years. If the Army Corps says the Iniddle range, which critics contend is a to- for the building of the project but the bene­ Dickey-Lincoln proJect is economically justi­ tally unJustified attribution of value to a fits extend over its later life, the use of a fied with a satisfactory benefit-cost ratio, fluctuating slackwater impoundage. low rate of Interest for discounting de- doesn't that put an end to the issue? And These added benefits usually continue for creases the benefit stream less than a this is prec~ely what the mo!e than ·30 vol- the life of the proJect, increase with poptila- higher rate. The result: The lower the inter- 1938 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 5, 1980 est rate for discounting, the higher are of being close to the main power market• .. of rhetoric command more' attention. benefits relative to costs. · thus avoiding extensive constuction of new than the factS, it is important to take Projects such as Dickey-Lincoln do not transmission lines. Moreover, the benefit-· advantage of every opportunity to. set pay taxes, which in itself is entirely' defensi­ cost ratios for the pumpe.d hydro inatana- the record straight. I refer, in partfeu­ ble. But most federal agencJes, ·. inclll~ . ~he tions are computed at an-m.te:rest rate of. ten. lar, to the last Several Y"'ars when it Army Corps, ignore· .tues as an element of percent, a project life of 50 years, and a live ~ cost in their analysts; that is, no account is percent tax cost factor. In short. the analy- has become fashionable to refer to taken 1n the benefit-cost ratio for such sis of the Great Barrington, Fall Mountain, public works projects as "ripoffs" and levies as corporation taxes and other ·out­ and Percy· No. 3 power options imposea sub- "boondog&}es.," while construc.tion pro.­ lays that are an inevitable feature of busi­ stantially higher economic standards than grams with social siaBWcimce, sueh as ness in the private sector. As. a result, the are followed in the case of Dickey-Lincoln: subway subsidies and Petomac River benefit-cost analysis by the agency does not and. still shows ·superior benefit/cost results. water supply. diversions, somehow are- truly reproduce conditions comparable to How urg.ent is the need for more ~lower in pictul'ed as having benefits• that a-re those of the private economy. If an above­ New England? The frequent reference to t bji t t th tin one benefit-cost ratio is to signify a resource the energy crisis. the pleas for conservation no su ec · 0' e same scru Y~ use that is equaJJy or more efficient t~ : of energy, and continued population and Water resource development in the that ·of the private sector, the public.project economic growth give the impression of an- West has become a favorite target·. of must demonstrate a capacity to cover taxes unchecked, burgeoning demand for a these who do not know what they are as costs. This does not mean that. the shrinking supply of energy, In the long run, talking about. Dickey-Lincoln project should actually pay New Engl&nd will face incr-easing difficulties I. submit the following article auth.. taxes; it does mean, however, that it should in meeting its energy needs, but. for the ored by Edward· Keating, a ColOI'adan be efficient enough to do so. short-term-say, the next eight. to ten who spent 15 years diVided betwelm Few would maintain that the role of gov­ years-there will be no unusual pressure on House and Senate staffs, as an exflibit ernment should be limited to flll\ctions in energy supply sources, Indeed,. because of of the real value of this Nati.on's· ,...,_ which it· is equally or more efficient than the. reduction in poweJ: consumption in re- .Lu the private sector. Some things can't be left sponse to raie increases.,price is a greater vestment in wate:r resource develop­ to private direction and control: national .de­ persuader-and because of .. its moderate ment. fense, justice, ma.sS education, prevention of growth rate, New England has an exception- THE TBU'_l'H ABoUT WATER m THB WJIST poverty,. among others. The public interest ally high electricity reserve. In 19'Z5, for ex- is not automatically served, however, by fed­ ample, New England had an electricity re- eral power production, although it may be serve margin .. of arotind 50 per cent, com~ Seldom in the history of the United States justified to subsidize it at times, as. in the pared witli a traditional ma.ratn of around has, any legislation been so woefully miSrep- case of rural electrification. But Dickey-Lin­ 20 per cent. This reserve margin Will be re~ resented as .the ·legjslation affecting water coln does not fulfill any such welfare objec­ duced by future gr-owth in electricity and Reclamation Projects for the West tive. Under the circumstances, the benefit­ demand, but it affords the owortunity to durlng the past several years. · cost analysis of Dickey-Lincoln simply con­ delay major capital investment deciSions in Water and Reclamation Projects have ceals from. Congress the uneconomic nature power productlon facilities. been called "boondoggling"-wasteful of the project. by employing a below-market Thts reserve margin is r.eported by the money-SPending ventures. When, as. a interest rate, neglecting tax costs, padding New- England Federal Regional. Council matter of simple trot~ they pay for. them­ the benefit stream, and disregarding other , an organization made up of rep- selves compietely..:..many, many times. over sources of power. resentatives of agencies of the federal gov- to the United States Treasury. Transmission of the Dickey-Lincoln power .ernment .that are involved in so~e way with The purpose of this article' is to set forth from its· far northern Maine point of pro­ New England energy· problems. The federal som~ facts and figures proving this truth~ duction to the MassachuSetts mark.et. also agencies in the NEFRC include. Ute Depart- In addition, to the repayment oJ theo loans, raises serious. environmental and. economic. ments of I!:nergy, Intetior, Commerce,. the tremendous benefits. are derived from water considerations. The proposed power line Environmental Protection Agency, and-sig- and . Reclamation Projects. ·'rh~e benefits would cut a swath of environmental and nifieantly-the Aimy Corps Of Engineers. are not confilied to local areas but. extend to aesthetic blight across New England, de­ The. NEFR.C report of A,ugust 1977 {orecasts all sections of the country throU&h in­ stroying habitat and promoting the use of that the average price of electricity in New creased and continuing revenue&, to the herbicides. The transmission route recom­ England will decline in constant dollars be- United States Government. mended in the draft Environmental Impact tween now and 1985. Before rejectilig thiS An outstanding example of the viability Statement would cross northern New Hamp­ forecast as simply evidence that the bu:. and economical soundness· of such projects shire near Errol, ~ontinuing south through reaucracy has lost touch with realitlJ, note is the Colorado-Big Thompson Proj- . Vermont to Boston. An alternate route, not that this does not mean that electricity ect In the State of Colorado. the first choice in the draft regort,. would rates are going to drop. but that the~ will This Project was completed. in 1956 at a bisect the John Sloan Dickey Area ilrthe not go· up as fast as the' price& of other eost of $162,000,900 • • • · "a ma.mmoth Dartmouth College Grant, a portion of the goods and.services. I!llect'ricity rates are fore- water conservancy accomplishment. with Grant recently ·designated for special pro~ cast to lag.-behind other Qrices In large. part tremendous impact. on a. vast area of North~ tection as a natural area. because of the reserve capacity buffer in ern ColOI:ado. • • ..... tG quote Ralph Par­ How soon can Dickey-Lincoln put power New England power production.. tridge, Tribune-Eagle. Editor, €hey.enne,. on the market and how much is it needed? But short term or long run, Dickey-Lin- Wy~g.. March 20, 1977, .edition.. Thia Six years after construction starts,. if all colD. is. economically an •. Loveland, Colorado,. James Bay Development Corporation, a more than $822 million~ but it is certain reported recently that total value of erops Quebec-own,.ed hydroelectric project, will be that the final figure will toP a billion dollars. produced in the distnct In 1975. w.as more looking for ·a market for its output,. and as a result. of the usual, engineering m.odifi- than, 280 million· dOllars... Ot the oota1 irriga.- . there is no place for it to go but the United cations and. price-level increases. By any tion. water used.-about 25 percent waa. Pr.o1- States. Premier Rene Levesque is anxious to standard, a billion-dollar investmemt is im- ect water. The ba.la.nce was from. Jocal sup­ sell ten billion kUowatt hours annua.UY to pressive, the more so ill. Urls. case because, it. plies. This ilildica.tea @o er&p value, :r::eturn. ot New Ehgland by 1983-two years bef"ore. the is eeonpmically unjustified, and even this 70 million dollars.. per yea:t from water fur­ earliest possible Dickey-Lincoln power~ extraordinary figure does not tell th..e: full nished by the CBT~; . Moreover, ten billion kilowatts ot James story. Environmental destruction does not The important. thing about the h;rigation Bay power annually is over eight times the carry a price tag, but it is an, inescapable. water obtained, fr.&m the Colorado-Big expected yearly output of Dickey-Lincoln. cost of Dickey-Lincoln power.e Thompson ProJect. is. that this watelt was But if Quebec's price is too high or if we are supplied to the farmers during the arid peri­ reluctant to trust the: volatile Queb~cers­ ods of the summer when. there is, little rain although we have accommodated to an au­ THE TRUTH ABOUT WATER IN and ls depended, upon as a reserve supply in tarchic OPEC-pumped hydro power-com­ THE WEST lJ;ears of drought like 1977. M&n6' of the . bined with conventional steam generation crops would have dried up. and withered if it near the major market is the obvious lower­ had not been for tla.is.. water at. tbe proper cost alternative to Dickey-Lincoln. HON. JAMES P. (JIM) JOHNSON time. I like to can. t41s "insur.an.ce water". At least three alternative pumped-hydro OF COLORADO Without tt.. ~e sugar. beet ~op and many . developments are clearly superior to Dickey~ other crops may have failedcompletely. Lincoln· in terms of benefit~cost ratios­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENT:A':['IVES During this dl:'ought. in the summer of Great Barrington,· with a benefit-cost ratio Tuesday FebruaTY 5, 1980. l97'l.. without. this "ihsurB.Dce water", the of 1.58:1; F~l Mountain, with 1.67:1; and ~onom;v of northern. Color'ado. could .have Percy No.3, with 1:56:1. These potential de• e Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. Mr. been depressed. ti:emeJldouslJI and there velopments have the additional advantage Speaker, in these tiin~s when fiiihts would have been a sizeable. loss to the Fed- February 5, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1939 eral Governnient in income taxes. This ods of drought and in the dry summer unless we live in ·a particular l;ection of the would have been a serious blow to our al­ during the growing season. country for a reasonable· time, it is hard to ready unbalanced budget. . The 1976 ·crop value figures are lower realize the day-to-day effect of the local eli­ From a .national defense standpoint, we than the 1975 figures because of the de- mate on the health, economy and general must recognize that the United States pro:­ pressed prices of our agricultural products. well-being of that area. du~es a ,small percentage of the sugar we If we take one-fourth of $260,000,000-or For instance-Mobile. Alabama, has 66 consume. $65,000,000-and multiply that by 40 years, incfies of· ralnfall annually. Compare this If ·we .Were to go to war and our supply which is the repayment period of the farm- with 8:4 inches for Grand Junction. Colora­ lines. from abroad were cut off or endan­ ers on the loan from the Federal Govern- do. gered by submarine· warfare, ·.d!J in World ment, this crop value is 2.6 billion dol}Ju's. The relative humidity in Mobile averages War II, we could be in serious difficulty. ·Now-taking · the total crop value of 2.6 85 percent in the morning and 57 percent in Ralph Partridge's article, referred to billion ~ollars and dividing that by the origi- the afternoon. In Grand· Junction. the car­ above. continues "* .• • economists· say· a nal cost ofthe ProJect <162 miWon dollars>. responding averages are 41 and 35 percent­ dollar originated on the farm turns . over we find that the total benefits-cost-ratio for with many days -of ~o to 15 percent humid­ seven times in commerce, in this case (1975> crops alone.from the Project is 16 times the tty. for an impact of 490 million dollars, er- reserve to a point somewhat ~bove the level tiry from these transactions. cent! needed to repay the ProJect ·on schedule". It would be difficult for mM, or any other Our Nation's Capital receives about 40 This means that the funds for repayment computer, to compute how much this in- inches of precipitation per year. Just the of ·the Project loan by . the NCWCD are crease in production has helped the employ- morning dew is sufficlent to keep many more than adequate to meet the current ment picture til the entire United States. lawns, ~e,etable garc;tens and golf courses payments. One small example-a farmer in Greeley, green untfl the next rain, which is never far This ProJect loan will not cost the people Colorado buys a tractor and car. How many away. With 112 days of rain annually, of -the United States one red cent~ people per hour does this employ in Detroit Washington· averages a .rainy day about · This ProJect also has a hydroelectric pro­ and Akron? every three days. August and September are duction of 700. million kilowatt hours per ·If we take the 65 million dollars per year lower in rain and· humidity. year-a feature Earl Phipps called "very sig­ which is attributable in crop production to In sharp contrast, the Grand .Junction, nificant tn view of the energy shortage". the CBT Project -times the 40-year ·repay- Colorado, ·average iS 70 . days f9r 8.4 in~hes · The United States Government has re­ ment period-that will equal18.2 bilnon dol- total precipitation durihg· the entire year. tained the ownership and right-of-sale to lars gross increase in .f;he economy~ An esti· And this rainfall or moisture On' ·many, of this hydroelectric production of power and, mated one-third of that amoun~or 6.1 bU- these days means only: a brief shower or to date, has received nearly 98 million dol­ lion dollars-would be net taxable income to · very light .snow., All of this ·comes mainly in lars in gross power revenues,_independEmt of the United States Government at the estt~ a short period during the winter and spring, the normal payYnent of the farmer for the mated rate of twenty· percent actual tax leaving about 295 days of drought or ex-· water.· which wiU equal 1 billion 22 million dollars tremely dry conditions out of the entire After the fanners and . power users have actual income tax paid to the United. States year? . . completely paid for the construction of the Treasury together with direct payment of · If you live in Atlanta, Georgia, where the Project, the United States Government will $211,000,000. These payments to the Gov- average relative humidity is 83 percent iri continue.to reap the benefitS and realize the· ernment will equal approximately 8.9 times the morning and 56 percent in the after­ profits from the sale of this electric power the cost of· the Colorado-Big Thompson noon with an annual preCipitation of 48 at a rate in the area of $4,550,000 per year Project alone! · · inches, you might understandably underes- as long as this dear old world of ours existst Revenues to the Federal Government will tinlate the devastating effect of a drought The power production of the CBT ProJect increase with the growth of the·population period in theV{est. . is 700 million kilowatt hours per ye~r. Fig­ and inflation, and the ultimate return to · The not.ceable effect when changing from uring_ that at 6.5 mills for the sale price of the . Federal Government will probably a very dry climate to an area of high humid­ this power to. rural· electric organizations exceed twenty times the cost of building 'the tty was graphically and rather humorously and varioUs municipalities equals ·$4,550,000 ProJect! described wherr a sportscaster for a Denver per year, or ove:r, the 40-year repayment· There is no "boondoggling" or "porkbar- radio station in btoadcastJ,ng a· baseball period, .. the sale of power. alone will be relling" in this Project. Far from being a game from .Omaha, , said SQme­ $182,000,000. Remember, the Project was boondoggle, it is a real BOON to Colorado thing Uk~ this: "I feel like.I cans~ in this completed at a cost of $162,000,000. and to the Nation. · air. It is ·so heavily laden with moisture, I Dividing the sale of power by the. cost of . In simple fact, it, is one of the finest in- could Just swun . out arid iiiterview each building the Project <$162;000,000> equals vestments our dear old Uncle Sam has made player!!' 1.1 to 1 total benefit-cost-ratio .from power in all the years of the Republic-and the In addition to the- differences in the alone. In other words, the sale of power benefits will continue forever. extent of moisture, the manner ·in which alone exceeds the cost of building the Proj­ In tlie face of these facts and the· proven this prec!J:)itatiop occurs varies from one ect by $20,000,000 during the 40-year loari example of the highly successful and benefi- section of t~e country to another period. cial operation. of the Colorado-Big Thomp- Looking to the West. a great' deal of. pre- The sale of crops plus power. equals ap­ _son ProJect (just one of many such projects> cipitation in th~ form 'of snow accumulates proximately 17 times the benefits-cost-ratio •... WHY .... have water and Reclama- durihg a few winter months. in the moun­ of bqilding the Project. tion Projects in gener8.1 in the West been so tains of Colorado· from 10,000 to.over 14,000 As stated above, the cost of building the misrepresented and criticized by certain feet· high. There ate 53 mountain peaks -in Colorado-Big Thompson Project was 162 people? Colorado over ·14,000 feet~rangfug from million dollars. The operation of the Project It may be that it is extremely difficult for Sunshine· .Peak at 14,001 to Mt. .Elbert with began in 1957. The annual crop value in midwesterners, easterners and southerners 14,433 feet. 1976 was $260,000,000. Twenty-five percent to understand and sympathize with ·'the This precious water resource must be im- of this amount can be attributed to the CBT l?roblems of the arid western States. pounded and brought down to agricultural Project, or about one-fourth of the value of Almost everyone is aware of the general and industrial-area.S, as well as municipal­ the crops. By COI)Servation in various reser· vartances in geographic climatic patterns. itles, throughout the very dry summer voirs, this "insurance water" was dispensed We learn through study, travel and increas- months. In order to do so, we Just have .to to the farmers when· they needed it in peri-· bigly detailed national weather reports. But, build dams and reservoirs. 1940 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 5, 1980 If permitted to keep all the water origi­ 2. NCWCD-Northern Colorado Water and a quick -infusion of funQs for the Water nating within the State, Colorado would be Conservancy Districte Resources Council that Carter has tapped in a very good position. However, interstate to set new project standards, review con­ Wl\oter compacts between Colorado and other struction decisions and administer grant western States have been executed and le­ WATER POLICY REFORM programs to promote state water conserva­ gally processed. Under the Coiorado River tion and planning efforts. Compact, water with its origin in Colorado The cost-sharing bill-now being redrafted is distributed over a wide area. HON. ROBERT W. EDGAR in light of objections by the·states-faces a For example-Arizona and Utah receive a OF PENN-SYLVANIA rough fight on its own. .(\5 for the Water Re­ portion, Los Angeles receives a ·portion, and I:N THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sources Council, it would have been .wiped even our good neighbors to the south, east Tuesday, February 5, 1980 out last year if Carter had not prevailed and north in Mexico, Kansas,.Nebraska, and with his veto. With many Members of Con­ Wyoming enjoy the benefits of water from • Mr. EDGAR. Mr. Speaker, I recom­ gress aP,Parently still smarting over their the snow which has fallen in the high coun­ mend to my colleagues that the fol­ failure to_ override that veto, Carter ·may try of Colorado. lowing article from the National Jour­ find hfulself in hot water on all of these · Without water and conservation, there nal be reviewed as we consider what issues. · would not have been-and cannot continue our water policy for the future will be: POLICY DEVELOPMENT to be-agricultural, industrial and economi­ cal development in this vast area of the CARTER'S WATER POLICY REFORMS--TRYING Last June, after a year-long study that United States. The significant contribution NOT To MAKE WAVES originally was to have taken only six to the Nation's economy, defense and taxes months, Carter sent Congress his promised resulting from this development would have message on new directions in national water President Carter once again is navigating policy. It was something less than the "com­ to be borne by other sections .of the country in perilous waters. With the political shoals prehensive" master plan it had been billed such as New York, Texas, Pennsylvania and of 1980 drawing ever closer, he is trying to as. The White House conceded that the Louisiana. push ahead carefully with his water policy message was only a beginning-"the initial Like any .other good thing, there can be reforms. stage of an important long-term effort." too much as well as too little; Too much In the last Congress, Carter plunged in The President said he was offering "the water -through prolonged rainfall, concen­ boldly-:-some would say blindly-with his goals and framework for water policy trated downpours in limited areas, or uncon­ 19'77 water projects "hit list" ·and almost reform" that would have to be carried out trolled . flooding can be as disastrous as found himself swept over the f~lls in a con­ in several stages. severe droughts. Thousands die and millions greSsional pork b~rrel. .Miraculously, the President emerged at the end of 1978 as a But there was no mistaking the fact-as of dollars of. property damage is caused by the Council of State Governments pointed floods. big winner wheri the House sustained his veto of a bloated water projects appropri­ out in a report last November-that Carter This makes water control-to the extent had bluntly challenged "traditional congres­ humanly possible-imperative throughout ations bill. · The bruises from that victory_ remain, sional domination in federal water policy de­ the United States and especially in the arid cision making" and had questioned "con· West. however, and Carter appears to be trying to chart a safer course through the 96th Con­ gressional judgment in project selection." Certain facts have J;>een set forth in this The fight was on. article concerning water sources, conserva­ gress. His fiscal 1980 budget proposals for water resources spending have drawn fire "The basic issue raised by the President's tion, distribution and control. initiatives," the council said, "is whether na­ The aim is toward a better understanding from· both reformers and defenders of the status quo-a sign that the· President is tional water policy choices and program deci­ of the water situation and the problems pe­ sions should be made on the congressional culiar to each section of this Nation. some.where in the middle of the channel. The administration also is showing little appropriations battlefield or by the states. As the population increases, so does the the Administration and Congress working importance of careful, cautious and consci­ enthusiasm for crusades to reopen the fight over user fees on the inland waterways or to together within the framework of some gen­ entious considerations of tbe conservation halt the massive Tennessee-Tombigbee Wa­ erally accepted· principles and guidelines." and equitable distribution of water. terway projeet, which is under fierce legal The couneil clearly favors the latter ap­ There are many approaches to the man­ attack by railroad and environmental inter­ proach. agement of our water resources put forth by ests but-perhaps more significantly-is just Since June, 19 interagency task fo-rces various geographical, environmental, agri­ as fiercely being defended. by senior south­ have been scrambling to find grounds for cultural, industrial, and other group~; that ern legislators who wield considerable power such general acceptance, not only among make up our country. in Congress. the states, the Administration and Con­ What we must have is the wise coordina­ Nor will Carter, in pushing his natural re­ K-ress, but ·within the sprawling, 25-agency tion of the:;e proposals and ideas· leading to sources reorganization proposal, include a federal water bureaucracy·as well. The task a firm and fair course of action to make frontal attack on the cozy relationship that has not been easy. · sure that the supply, ~onservation and dis­ has existed between congressional ·sponsors Carter's water policy has three major tribution of our water keeps pace with the of water projects and the federal agencies goals: to avoid wasteful or low-benefit water divergent demands in a manner most equita­ that design and build them. See this issue, p. projects; to promote water conservation; ble to all concerned-and that means YOU­ 398.) and to bring the state governments into fi. and-ME-and-ALL our fellow Americans. Two key players in the multi-agency nancial partnership through a state-federal Even ·more important than our individual effort to implement Carter's water policy cost-sharing scheme for future water proj­ comfort and security, the decisions which told National Journ;al, in separate inter­ ects. must be made regarding water will deter­ views, that the Administration does not To halt economically. or environmentally mine the future.of our great Nation. wish to get into any gratuitous new fights at unsound projects. Carter wants better fed­ It is not a matter of whether we shall act this point. They hope to make some quiet eral planning. He has ordered the Water now-or later-or ·never-it is simply a progress without making too. many waves. Resources Council to develop a new proce­ matter of life a}1d death! But even that won't be easy. dural manual to bring uniformity, consisten­ APPENDIX Eliot R. Cutler, an associate director of cy, and accuracy to the previously suspect the Office of Management and Budget cost-benefit calculations that federal a~en­ Sources , said the Administration wants "to cies have relied on to justify projeets sought 1. Comparative Climatic Data-Through consolidate the strength" it shbw,ed in last by Congress. The manual is to be in force by 1976. U.S. Department of Commerce. ·Na­ _year's veto victory and use it to get on with July, if all goes well. tional Oceanic and Atmospheric .Adminis­ "the not-so-glamorous job of building some As a further curb on extravagant projects. tration, Environmental Data Service, Ashe­ policy reforms into the system" for future Carter wants Congress to face up to the ville, N.C. April 1977. federal water project decisions. total cost of each new project at the 2.·Colorado River Compact. Assistant Interior secretary Guy R. outset-not just · the sum needed to get it 3... Water Projects Big Income Booster~•. Martin, who is spearheading the implemen­ started. He wants Congress to appropriate Ralph Partridge, Sunday Tribune-Eagle tation effort, stressed the tmportance of the entire amount needed to complete each Editor. March 20, 1977. Cheyenne, Wyo­ "living with" some of the past congressional project at the time it approves its construc­ ming. decisidns that are not to the Administra­ tion. 4. Annual Report 1976. Northern Colorado tion's liking rather than "resurrecting those To promote more efficient use of water, a Water Conservancy District. E. F. Phipps, battles that already have been lost." variety of educational and research steps Secretary-Manager. Loveland, Coiorado. Looking ahead, the Carter forces have have been taken, including a Housing and three immediate objectives in this session of Urban Development Department study of Notation Congress: the defense of their 1980 water water-saving plumbing code revisions ~ The following symbols are used in this ar­ projects budget; passage of ·a state-federal Water pricing· is another key to the Carter ticle: cpst-sharing bill designed to give the states strategy, not only to discourage unnecessary 1. CBT-Colorado-Big Thompson some leverage in the selection of projects; consumption but also to recover the costs of February 5, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1941 building and operating projects. A ·•conser­ river's barge operators-is $491 million, ac­ Domenici, however, are in a mood to r~sur­ vation pricing" bill that would allow higher­ coraing to the Army Corps of Engineers' rect the .user fee battle this soon. Bedell is than-cost fees to discourage excess munid· latest estimate. going it alone. pal and industrial consumption of water Bedell and Edgar, no friends of the proj­ Another subject on the agenda when from federal projects is to be sent to Capitol ect, said Carter should have askea Congress Bedell and Edgar lunched with Cutler was Hill later this year. to, appropriate the entire sum needed to the Tennessee-Tombigbee bar~ canal in Al­ To bring the states into the financing-as complete the facility. Although it would not abama and Mississippi. Serious questions well as the selection-of water projects, affect the level of annual outlays, such a about the project's economic justilication Carter has proposed that no new project be large appropriation, when added to the cost have come to light in ~ recent court trial. approved unless a state has agreed to put up of other des~red water projects, might put and Sen. Gaylord Nel$on, D-Wis., has pre­ a set percentage of the total cost. In each Congress, sensitive a.S it is to demands for pared a bill to halt the $1.67 billion project. year of construction, the state would have reduced federal spending, in a bind. Nelson hqpes to force hearings on Ute proJ· to pay its share of that year's costs in ad­ 'Fhat is just what environmentalists, who ect, which he characterizes as "the biggest vance, and in cash. Where a project pro­ generally deplore water projects, would like pork-barrel boondoggle of them all." The duces revenue, the state would share the to see. Brent Blackwelder of the Environ­ project, according to a Nelson aide, is 364 take with the federal government in propor· mental Policy Center angrily denounced the percent over its original budget. Carter is tion to its contributions. Administration for treating Lock and Dam asking $165 million for it in fiscal 1980. 26 as an incomplete, rather than a new. Cutler, in an,interview, said that the Ad­ BUDGET PROPOSALS pro.fect. As Blackwelder argued in a press re- ministration had decided not to take on the Carter gave everybody something to J:Iowl lease, a full appropriation for the project Tennessee-Tombigbee fight during its hit about with his 1980 budget proposal for "would virtually have precluded funding list review in 1977. At that time, a White water resources. In terms of new budget au- any other new starts." House staffer-not Cutler-remarked that thority, he proposed giving the . federal In a Jan. 24 letter to OMB director James the reason was that "Sen. Stennis isn't dead water agencies. a whopping 16.5 per cent in- T. Mcintyre Jr., Blackwelder pointed out yet." Sen. John C. Stennis, D-Miss., the crease. But in terms of outlays-the m(mey that "this project was not even authorized chairman of the Armed Services Committee to be spent in the coming year-the pro· until October 1978, and . .. not a spade of and second-nmklng Democrat on the Appro­ posed increase was only 2 per cent, or far dirt has been lifted.'1 In an interview, the priations Committee, is one of the project's less than the rate of inflation. Included environmental lobbyist said the Administra· most forceful boosters. were 26. proposed new water. projects, cost· tion was backing down from its own idea "of Cutler said he told Bedell and Edgar that ing an estimated $578 million to complete. forcing Congress to bite ·the bullet and "no new information" had come to light at Perhaps the loudest howls came from the accept the entire price tag if it wants to go the time the new. budget was prepared to ahead with a project.'' change the 1977 decision to continue the· President's nominal allies in the water At his Fe.b. 13 lunch ·with Bedell and Tennessee-Tombigbee construction. policy reform fight. One erwironmental or- Edgar, Cutler ·explained that OMB, as well ganization-the Environmental Policy As foJi-Lock and Dam 26, he said, "We just Center-fired off a press release that at· as the congressional Appropriations Com- didn't want to muddy the waters with Con­ mittees, view Lock and Dam 26 as an old gress about what our intentions are with re­ tacked two of the new projects, objected to project even though is has not yet been au­ spect to projects already st~ed. '' continued spending on several oldeJ' ones, thorized. Congress voted funds In 1974 to including Tennessee-Tomblgbee, and begin land acquisition for the new facility, COST SHARING charged that "the Administration has aban- and some of that money was spent. In the An underlying theme of Carter's water dorred its full-funding principle" with re- bookkeeping for water projects, Cutler said, policy is that better project decisions will be spect to a Mississippi River lock and dam made if.fiscal responsibility can be brought th~t · was at the center of last year's hassle land acquisition Is lis~ed as a construction closer to home. Cost sharing is not new for over waterway users' fees. cost. Twelve House Members who supported- Bedell and Edgar told National Journal in federal water projects. but so far, state gov­ Carter's 1978 veto.wrote to the President on interviews that they were partially satisfied ernments have not been asked to join ln. Feb. 5 to echo the criticisms of the environ-: by Cutler's explanation but intend to The Council on·Environmental Quality es­ pursue the subJect. They are among those timates that the federal government pays mentalists and to say that they were .. great· who wish that Carter had vetoed the com­ an average of 70 percent of water project ly disappointed" with Carter's failure to promise st~ck last year by Congress on costs, with the remainder covered by local "follow through" on his own poUcy tnitJa- user fees for barge operators. Lock> and Dam project sponsors or beneficiaries. "States tives. 26 had been held hostage by advocates of a seldom participate in project funding and do­ On the very same day, however. a Carter user fee and its authorization was approved not play a major role in setting project Pri· emissary was being bombarded with com- only when Congress and Carter accepted a orities," the council pointed ov.t in a recent plaints about a different aspect of the water tax on the fuel used by barge operators ln report. resources budget at a meeting of the House lieu of a fee for the use of federal naviga­ Carter-with cautious backing from a Na­ Appropr-iations Subcommittee on Public tional facilities. tional Governors' Association panel-has de­ Works. W. Bowman Cutter, OMB's execu· The compromise, fashioned by Sen. Rus­ cided that the time has come to make 'the tive associate director for budget. was in- sell B. Long, D-La., calls for a phased fuel states start picking up part of the tab. .In formed in no uncertain terms that the sub- tax, starting a\ 4 cents a gallon in 1980 and return, the states would be able to influence committee viewed the Carter policy as an rising to a maximum of 10 cents by 1985, the choice of which of their _new projects executive power grab. that goes into a trust fund that can l;>e used would receive funds · first. They also would .Rep. Virginia Smith, R-Neb.• .told CUtter only for new construction. The final oUt· be offered a chance to expedite work on pre­ that Congress is "not about to give up our come was a far cry from the original propos­ viously authorized projects if they chose to stewardship" over water projects. And Rep. al. vigorously pushed by Sen. Pete V. Do· share in the costs. John T. Myers, R-Ind., said Congress. would menici. R-N.M., that would have imposed a Three cost-sharing levels have been pro­ not act as "a rubber stamp'' for the Presl· system of user fees to recoup all inland wa­ posed. For non-revenue-producing projects, dent's project preferences. The subcommit- terway maintenance costs and half of any the state would pu,t up 5 percent of the cost. tee and its' staff are openly opposed to the new construction. · Where there are potential revenues-and full-funding proposal because it takes away Bedell was one of the leading House pro­ thus the potential for the state to recover their power to control the pace of construe· ponents of the Domenici bill. which origi­ all or part of its investment-the share is to tion. Once Congress appropriates the full · nally had Carter's strong backing. The be 10 percent. Finally, the flood control project cost, OMB assumes control over the Democrat was sorely disappointed by t he­ measures, where the non-federal require­ amount to be spent each year and, in Administration's fatlure to insist on· a ment for "non-structural" measures-usual­ theory, coUld choke off a proJect it did not tougher measure to reduce the subsidy en­ ly land acquisition-is now 20 percent, the favor. Subcommittee chairman Tom Bevill. joyed by the barge industry. He cited a 1977 same requirement would apply to "structur· 0-Ala., also challenged the Administration's · Congressional Budget Office report that al" measures-dams, levees. floodwalls and estimates of the costs of its proposed proj- federal subsidies equal about 42 per cent of the like. This would eliminate the existing ects. "You'll come up short," he told Cutter. aU barge revenues, compared with 3 per bias against non-structural solutions. A week later, OMB's Eliot Cutler was cent for railroads, 1 per cent for trucks and The governors' association, in endorsing taken to task at a White House luncheon by none at all for pipelines.· ''the concept of cost sharing" but not the Reps. Berkley Bedell, D-Iowa, and Robert Bedell has a new bill this year to impose a draft bill, has taken a strong position in op­ W. Edgar, D-Pa., who took the other side of modified waterway user fee on top of Long's position to one provision-that states share the full-funding argument. They wanted to fuel .tax. The combined receipts by 1985 in the cost 'of navigational projects such as know why Carter included only $20 million would equal 25 per cent of federal waterway the controversial Lock and Dam 26. in his budget to begin construction of a new expenditures. The draft bfil-=by categorizing navigation­ Lock and Dam 26 on the Mississippi River The fuel tax alone. according to Bedell's al projects as among those ·considered to near Alton, IlL The full cost of the struc- calculations. ·will offset only 5 per cent of have revenue-producing potential ~seemed to be designed with that have become a bottleneck for the 1985. Neither the Carter administration nor an eye toward encouraging the states to 1942 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 5, 1980 push for higher waterway user fees. If grant programs up to the new levels Carter OTA REPORT ON TECHNOLOGY states have to fopt 10 per cent of the costs desires. The ·pllmning funds would let the AND EAST-WEST TRADE of future Lock and Dam 26 projects, they · states become more sophisticated partners would certainly become interested in reve- in the new water policy that the President nue-raising mechanisms that might eventu- en~isions. The conservation grants would be HON. MORRIS K. UDALL ally- repay their considerable investments. used for public education and research but OF ARIZONA Russell Long's fuel tax trust fund would be not equipment or oth~r hardware. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES no help in that regard. . In a Feb. 13 letter to Interior Secretary. Another $2 million -!s. needed tO get the· Tuesday, February 5, 1980 Cecil D. Andrus, Gov. SCott M. Matheson, council started on a major study to weigh e Mr. UDALL. Mr. Speaker, in the D-Utah, chairman of the governors' water the environmental and other impacts of in- wake of the Soviet invasion of Af. policy subcommittee, warned that it would creased commerc~al traffic on the Uppe~ ghanistan, the Congress and the COU:n· be difficult to apportion the regionally "dif- Mississippi River system. This study was au . try are engaged in a major reassess­ fused" benefits of most iriland waterway thorized as. a part of the Lock and Dam 26 ment of U.S. trade ·and other relations facilities on an equitable basis. compromise. with the Soviet Union, the People's · Aside from the prospect that states where Last, but by no means least, the council Republi~ of China, and other seg~ facilities such as locks and dams may be ts $625 ooo t bl d fi d k built could be unfairly burdened by the wan • 0 assem e an n wor • ments of the CollUJl\mist world. The -sharing requirement, Matheson went a ing space for the independent review panel CongreSs has approved most-favored- Cost that Carter, by executive decree, has or- . , step further and noted that the draft bill dereCi . to be in operation by next month. nation status for the People s Repub- also ·would apply to port and harbor proj- This. team, which would not judge the lie of China. The President has taken ects "crucial to strengthening the U.S. posi- merits of water projects but .only check the or proposed such steps as an embargo tion in international trade." procedures followed in bringing them to the on high technolog~ exports to the Tlle Utah governor archly added, "There poini where construction funds are sought, Soviet Union and a boycott of the has been no companion suggestion that the is expected to review· new project starts for Olympic games. federal government share with states the the fiscal1981 budget. substantial customs revenue which ports · I commend to my colleagues an espe~ and harbors generate." · The council received a new lease on life cially timely, clear, and cogent study In an interview, the Interior Department's when Carter rejected a proposal by his reor- of these and similar issues called Tech­ Ma~tin indicated that in all likelihood navi- ganization· adyisers·.to fold the agency into a nology and East-West Trade by · the gatlonal projects will be dropped from the new Department of Natural Resources, built Congressional Office of Technology cost-sharing bill, or at least from the 10 per around the nucleus o! the Interior Depart- Assessment . Done at .the re­ cent state sharing requirement. The matter ment. Instead, it will remain independent, quest of the House Committee on For­ was discussed at a recent policy meeting. even though its chairman would continue to eign Relations and the Senate Com­ Martin said, and "we agreed that the navi- be the Interior mittee on Commeree, Selene¢, and gational projects ·have vendible outputs, but secretary. Transportation, this report was re­ they aren't being vended." The Interior official also indicated that Stat'e officials and others had objected to leased late last year at hearings held another potentially controversial provision the transfer of the council and its functions by the Subcommittee on International relating to reimburSement by project benefi- to a Cabinet department responsible to the Finance of the Senate Committee on ciaries and indirectly, by the states, for fed- President. Instead, they would prefer a fully Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. eral dam safety expenditures also would be independent· council with state representa- The star witness at those hearings, dropped. "OMB wanted that in there be~ tives-perhaps several governors-sitting as McGeorge Bundy-the former nation­ .cause they got beat when it wa5 before Con- voting members. al secUrity adviser to President's Ken­ gress last year," Martin said. "But there is Carter's reorganization plan had original- nedy. and Johnson and former head of no reason to think we would win it this year ly also called for the transfer of the water the Ford Foundation-called the either.'~ · planning and design functions of tlie Army report "the best I have seen in some Corps of Engineers and the Agriculture De- 3 f i t itt t tt t · t WATER RESOURCES COUNCIL partment's Soil Conservation- Service to the 0 years o n enn en a en Ion o One of the most ticklish challenges facing new department. the subject" and . congratulated OTA the Administration is to get Congress to on "an unusually cl~ar and thorough quintuple the budget of an agency that the The corps, in tum, would have picked up analysis of this tangled and hotly de· legislators attempted to kill just a year ago. the construction functions now performed bated subject. That agency is the Water Resources Coun­ by the SoU Conservation Service and the In- Mr. Speaker, I attach a brief · sum­ cil, a small, independent body governed by terior Department's Bureau of Reclamation mary ~f the OTA report on "Techno!· the heads of largei governmental agencies and. with a record of unimpressive achieve­ ~::f::s. retaining its current construction ogy and East-West Trade": ment. TECHNOLOGY AND EAST·WEST TRADE The intent was clear: to strip the co:rps­ Carter, however, is counting on the coun­ Although Western technology contained in cil to write strict new rules for the hereto­ and its congressional allies-of the power to civilian products sold to the Soviet Union has fore rough-and-tumble game of calculating pian and promote its own projects. Instead, contributed to its military potential, it is un­ water project costs and benefits and to the new department woUld have determined likely that any unilateral action of the create a new independent review team to see whether to move ahead on water projects of United States could have prevented this-or that those rules ·are honored. The President all kinds. could do so in the future. Almost any high also wants to expand the council's $3 mil­ In the face of strong opposition, especially technology, even though its purpose and lion-a-year program of state planning grants from the corps and its supporters, .Carter re- function is civilian, may have some military to $25 million and to add another $25 mil­ use. U.S. export controls do a good job of lion annually for state technical assistance jected the proposed changes. preventing· the tiansfer of- prlinarily mili- grants to promote water conservation. tary technologies to the Communist world, To· get all of these objectives rolling, the Domestic Policy Staff chief Stuart E. Eizenstat made it clear at a March 1 brief­ but a conclusive determination ·of the council is asking for a $49.2-million supple­ degree of military risk entailed in the sale mental appropriation for the ·current fiscal ing on the reorganization plan that the Ad­ ministration will face a tough enough· time of these so-called "-dual-use" technologies ~ year and permission to reprogram $431,000 probably impossible. Existing multilateral in unspent funds from its 1978 budget. Its trying to sell Congress on major· "substan­ arrangements designed to minimize that current $12.7 million appropriation was be­ tive changes" in the way water projects are risk work reasonably well. stowed begrudgingly by Congress in the planned and financed. He added, "It didn't These are among the conclusions of the post-veto compromise it struck with Carter. make sense . . . to dilute our attention" OTA report Technology and East-West In the bill vetoed by the President, the with a fh~ht over the organization of the Trade. The report looks not only at the mili­ council got nothing, although some of its water agencies. tary, but also the political and economic functions were to be re-assigned to the Inte­ costs and benefits to the United States of rior Department. "We are far from giving up in terms of re­ forming the whole water area," he insisted, trading-especially in· technology-with the The. supplemental and reprogrammed Commuilist world It reviews the controver­ funds would bring its total budget to $62.3 but "our major water _battle this year" is to sy over whether such trade can or should be million, roughly equivalent to the $61.2 mil­ sell Congress on such concepts as full fund­ used to obtain foreign policy leverage. It lion that Carter proposed for the agency in ing and state partiCipation. "It is going to. also examines the East-West trade policies his 1980 budget. · take all our resources.'' of four of America's major allies-West Ger­ MQst of the supplemental funds-$47 mil­ Clearly, the President has ordered his many, France, Great Brit.ain, and_Japan- . lion-are being sought to bring the two state helmsmen to steer a cautious course.e and finds them significantly different from

I February 5, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1943 that of the United States. Finally, it pro· tion and the Department of Energy's will have invented a far more economical vides background informatiQn on existing. support. engine for use with low-temperature heat U.S. export policies and regulations. and ori A Los Angeles Times article about from solar collectors or geothermally- the use which Communist nations· have heated water. · made of Western technology. · David Johnson and other private citi­ The nitinol process· is based on the sur­ Trade with the Communist world plays a zens working to solve our energy diffi­ prising behavior of a nickel-titanium alloy relatively small part in U.S. foreign trade. culties follows: for which the process is named. Although The absolute value of Communist trade INDIVIDUALS TRY To SOLV,: ENERGY WoES most metals react to temperature change with Western nations is low arid the United a dramatic decrease in the cia.ry .of a recent federal program that is de ... find a related use in compressing logs from military risks associated with existing trade, signed to exploit the potential of the na-· tree and lawn clippings in cities. tJon's private inventors. · or <3> a significant reduction in the technol­ For the first time the government. · In Hawmt a man is adapting a system he ogies the East can purchase, given the exist· through tbe Department of Energy, has inf• . discovered in Thailand whereby outboard ing attitudes of other WeStern nations.• tiated a program e>f grants to finance proj- motor propellers are mounted on a long· ects by Individuals that offer promise in the shaft trailing a boat. The long shaft works OAKLAND'S DAVID JOHNSON:· field of energy development. on the principle that water several feet to Th~ grant program 1s not exte~ve and the rear of the boat is moving faster than INVENTING ENERGY the financial awards are not large. Last year that immediately behind it. Thus, the in· aboqt 12,000 people appHed for development~ ventor believes, a propeller pushing against HON ..FORTNEY ·H. (PETE) STARK funds and about 600 were approved. Most the fast-moving water will be more efficient grants fall in the range of $5,000 to $25,000, and energy 'Will be conserved. OF CALIFORNIA with a maximum of $50,000. In contrast, the · An electronics specialist in San Francisco IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gover'nhlent plans to spend $76:l million this fs building a microcomputer that would Tuesday, February s~ 1980 year for development of the experimental govern electricity use in the home. When breeder nuclear reactor. the overall consumption in the home • Mr. STARK .. Mr. Speaker, i would But administrators of the program in the . reaches a limit 8et by the homeowner~ the ~ike to 6rmg to tlle ·attentiOn or my ~rgy Department's Appropriate Techno!· computer would automatically shut down colleagues the outstanding work of a ogy Office say a timely grant, althaugh certain expendable appliances for short pe­ citizep. in my district. small. can be crucial in keepins a project rlods. If. installed in enough homes, the de· · David Johnson of Oakland, Calif.• alive. If the idea eventually results in veloper believes such a dev.ice could substan­ energy savings, they say, then the whole tially reduce the "peaks" in electricity has s~nt thousands of hours and na- tion can receive a large benefit from a demand that In recent years has troubled · close to $100,000 in his independent small investment. utilities and required the construction of effort to perfect a new and exciting "In the beginning there was the worry new powe~ generators. engine model that converts heat that the program would end up funding per- energyinto.mechanical movement. petual motion machines," said Berg Lucar- Other projects in the grant program do His model involves a nitinol process elli, a technical consultant for the energy not involve the development of mechanical which is based on the energ~ releasing grants. "A lot of people were leeh, we think. devices but rather what Lucarelli calls "a we have proven now that there is a wealth change in a process, a slightly better way of reactions of a nickel-titanium alloy of useful ideas outside the more traditional doing something." Often, he says, .these when it is immersed in water. research Institutions. The genius of the in· more mundane --projects offer the most ex- ~he potential for the application of dividualis still working here." citing pr~spects fo~ energy conservation. this nitinol process in the field of geo­ In the case of the nitinol engine, the fed­ . A study by the Lawrence Berkeley Labora­ thermal and solar energy makes Mr. eral grant may well allow David Johnson to tory found, for example, that the greatest Johnson's project of national interest, transform the process from a laboratory energy saving among 20 selected projects - and therefore worthy of our recogni- oddity to a usefuJ tool. If _he does, Johnson stems from a proposed system of man-made 1944 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 5, 1980 lagoons to digest sewage waste naturally THE STATE OF THE ARTS AT tenda.Iice~ Faculty and students at olir and simultaneouslY . produce methane or STATE AND LAND-GRANT UNI­ Nation's major public institutions of natural gas. VERSITIES higher educition offer .quality arts For a small such facility that processes a programs to all Americans, regardless million gallons a day, the energy savings HON. WIWAM D. FORD of where they live or · what their over a conventional waste treatment plant income leveUs. amol.mts to 66,000 Kilowatt hours a year. In OP.MICHIGAN I commend the National Association addition the digester would produce an esti- I!:l THE aousE OF REPRESE~TA_'I:IVE;S of State Universities and Land-Grant mated 6.84 million cubic feet of natural gas Tuesday, February 5, 1980 Colleges and the National Endowment annually. · . e Mr. FORD of Michigan. ·Mr. ·Speak- .for the Arts for their cooperative ven­ Another project with large potenti'al sav- er, the' Congress is now considering ture in producing, "The State of the ings involves a workshop in Arizona to assist reauthorization of the National En­ Arts at State and Land-Grant Universi­ hom~owners in installing a simple solar hot dowment for the Arts. I would like to· ties... This excellent report will help water heating system. Although commercial call to the attention of my colleagues the Congress and the Nation to appre­ installations normally cost in the range of a study recently published ·by the Na-. cia_te the rich activities in the arts un­ $2,000 to $3,000, the Arizona workshop has tionai Association of state Universities derway at our Nation's major public targeted the cost of its system at $300 to and Land-Grant Colleges, witll the universities. These institutions serve $4.00.' support of the National Endowment ·future career professionals-arts Because its low cost would make solar for the Arts. This study. "The· State of majors; broaden the esthetic sensibili­ heaters attractive to a large number of the Arts at State and Land-Grant Uni­ ties of tomorrow's citizenry~students homeowners. the Berkeley study projected versities, .. has been distributed to eaeh who major in nonarts disciplines; up­ that as many as 15,000 new hot water sys- Member. Based on a national survey grade the expertise of career artists, terns could be developed in a period of five of 232 campuses, this study is a valua­ ·arts educators. and arts adminis­ years. ble resource on teaching, research, and trators-practicing professionals­ For all 20 projects the study concluded public service programs in the arts. It through continuing education courses; that the energy savings potential was "im- makes no recommendations for legisla­ and enrich the lives of people. with an pressiye." Over their lifetime it estimated tive action, but rather documents for &vocational interest in the ar;ts who the savings at an equivalent to 9.8 million the first time the special relationship can attend high quality musical and barrels of on. · between the arts and public institu- dramatic performances on caini:>us or Some 'Of the projects.couid turn into bo- tions . of higher _education in the take a noncredit art course. . nanzas for ~the inventors themselves. The United States. "The State of the Arts at State and Department of Energy does not forbid, and The report highlights the role of Land-Grant Universities.. docuinents in fact even encourages, grant .recipients to State and land-grant universities as the fact that State a.ild land-grant uni­ patent energy devices that turn out success- patrons of the arts, who provide show­ versities offer broad access to quality fully. Although no one yet is known to have cases for professional artists and their arts programs. I urge my colleagues to reaped a fortune, grant administrators say works .in their concert halls, theaters, read it.e that_a product filling the right niche at the lecture: halls, museums, and galleries. right time could well produce great finan- For example, respondents to the cial rewards. survey reported 4,036 exhibitions of. JAMES CASSANO But not all those involved in the program art or craft works and 10,731 musical, have been pleased with the results. In soine opera, dance, and ·theater perform­ HON. RICHARDT. SCHULZE cases grants have been so small that devel- ances presented. on campus by facul­ OP PENNSYLVANIA opers have been left stranded in the midst ty, students. and nonuniversity artists of their projects without money to complete during a single year. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES even a prototype model. The , report also documents that Tuesday, February 5, 1980 Brad MacMillan, who received the grant State universities and land-grant col­ • Mr. SCHULZE. Mr. Speaker, it gives for a home microcomputer, says. the $7,60'0 leges· have become major centers for me great pleasure to share with my barely covered costs for developing concept career education and training in the colleagues tbe following tribute to the drawings of his device. "I've spent an entire arts through extensive curriculums of­ outstanding contribution and accom­ year rUnning around trying to get enough ferings, public exhibitions, perform­ plishments of one of my constituents. money to build one, just one:• .he said. ance, and professional experience. Re­ District Manager James Cassano, who "Pretty much I've met a stone wall." spondents reported a total of 21,891 is retiring after 42 years of loyal serv­ In such a case, MacMillan argues, the gov- courses offered in 23 arts disciplines in Ice to the Social Security Administra­ ernment is in the position of startmg a proj- the fall of 1977, and student enroll­ tion. The fact that it was written by ·ect and then abandoning it without' ever ments of 135,473 . in these courses, bis fellow worker, Assistant District knowing whether the device will work or which were taught by 8,329 faculty. Manager W . . B. Hopkins, is a true not. "You wonder whether it's a real pro- The. report also. tncludes data on the measure of his integrity and commit­ gram or a sham, Just something for public distribution of arts faculty by disci­ ment. relations,'' he said. pline, sex and tenure status; the The article followsc Energy administrators concede that lack number of arts degrees awarded; arts TRIBUTB TO JAMES CASSANO of.funds often forces them to make painful programing in the visual and perform­ Mr. Cassano began his career .with Social choices. Last year, for example, about $300 ing arts; continuing education courses Security in Baltimore, Md., as a clerk on million was requested for 12,000 projects in the arts; campus arts facilities; and Febru.ary 10, 1938. Coming up through the but the program had only $8.4 million to public and private sources of support ranks from GS-1 to his present GS-13 posi-· distribute nationwide. ·Under such restric- for the arts· on campus. tion, Jim was first promoted to DiJitrict tions, they say, many worthwhile ideas are In the public service arena, exten- Manager of the Uniontown District Office rejected. sion services in the arts based at State 1n 1954. He opened the West Chester Dis­ trict Office on October 29, 1956, and has Meg Schacter, Western regional director and land-grant universities bring arts been its only manager since that time. He of the program, says nonetheless it is grow- courses to -specialized populations, has seen the office grow from a staff of 8 ing and that in the f\lture a higher percent- such as the elderly, the .imprisoned, people in 1956 to a staff of 29 people today. age of applications will be approved for sup- and. the handicapped; to thousands of The workload has increased from 8,097 .Port. This year, she says, national funding elementary and secondary school stu­ beneficiaries in 1955 to over 37,000 benefi­ will increase to $10 million. dents, · many of whom have never ciaries today. · Schacter noted that the energy office will before seen a play; heard a concert, or His leadership qualities and managerial soon begin consideration of applications for skills are to be admired as the West Chester visited a museum; to residents of rural Social Security Office commands a reputa­ .the 1980 awards. Applications for grants can . areas, where scattered populations dis~ tion as good· as any Social Security facility be obtained by writing to Schacter at courage quality touring .companies, in existence. Energy 'Programs, Department of Energy, and to residents of urban areas, where A long time resident of West Chester, Jim 111 Pine St. .- .san Francisco'94lll.e the high cost of tickets discourages at- has been very active in many commUnity February 5, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1945 service activities including the Exchange bers of Congress to send to constitu­ 'S INDEPENDENCE Club, serving as President of the West Ches- ents, district 'offices, and interested ter Club and in 1969-1970 as President of local agencies. the Pa. District Exchange Clubs. In 1972 he HON. CLEMENT J. ZABLOCKI was named Mr. Excbangtte of the Year. by Mr. Speaker, I attach a brief sum- OF WISCONS~N the Pa. District Exchange Clubs; mary of the OTA report, "Environmen- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Jim was a memb'er·of the Ct.lester·Gottnty tal Contaminants in Food." Health and Welfare Council for many years ENVIRONMENTAL. CONTAMINANTS IN FOOD Tuesday, February 5, 1980 and served on its Inter-Agency Executive Committee for a number of years. e Mr. ZABLOCKI. Mr. Speaker, Environmental contaminants in food have today, February 4, the 32d ·anniversary As a result of his long period of service as become a nationwide problem. Between 1968 . Chairman of ·a combined service club and and 1978, according to an OTA survey, 243 of Sri Lanka's independence, is a fit­ Salvation Army food drive, the Salvation food-contamination incidents were reported ting opportunity for us to recognize Army presented him with its highest honor­ in this country. (Environmental contami­ the political, economic, and social ary award to private citizens in 1974. nants include organic chemicals, metals ·and achievements which have marked that Jim served as a member of the Advisory their derivatives, and radioactive substances country's history as a free, democratic Board of the Greater West Chester United that inadvertently enter the human food society. · Fund for several years. For the past 22 supply through agricqlture, mining, indus­ Sri Lanka has held seven general years, he has assisted in conducting the trial operations, or energy production.> elections since it achieved independ­ annual United Fund campaign in West Although the :United States has. escaped ence ln 1948, and the Government has Chester. 1 ·mass poisonings such as have occurred in changed hands at six of them, a record He has served as a member of the Chester other industrialized nations, nearly all U.S. for democracy-in-action in postcolonial Coun~y Retired Senior Volunteer Program residents carry detectable residues of some Asia. Voter participation in general Advisory Committee to assist the environmental contaminant in their bodies. elections has averaged over 80 percent. Executive Director in administering the Studies indicate that some contaminants RSVP program in Chester County. present at low levels in U.S. food cause ·for the last 15 years, certainly an ac­ physiological changes in humans, but the complishment which we in the United He·has served as a member of the Adviso­ States should envy. · ry Group of the Chester County Services long-term significah~e of these changes is for Senior Citizens since its inception over uncertain. Between 1968 and 1978, at least Sri ·Lanka's successive governments "seven years ago. · $282 million in food was lost to contamina­ have achieved a record of meeting the tion. This conservative estimate only in­ basic human needs of their country's Jim is a member of the Elks Club of West cludes 30 percent of the kriown incidents people whicn is unequaled in the de­ Chester, and the West Chester Order of and ignores hidden costs such as medical ex­ veloping world. Although the coun:.­ Sons of Italy. penses and lost workdays. He is a member of the St. Agnes Roman - try's per capita annual income is only in West Chester arid has Although the Federal Food, Drug, and about $200, average life expectancy is Cosmetic Act contains no specific 68 years roughly equivalent to the served as a Rector in that <;hurch for over provisions for environmental contaminants, f . 'h · seven years. the Food and Drug Administration ., rate or, t e Dist~Ict of Columbia. The Though the Social Security Administra­ does set permissible levels for all known con- cent, and its population growth rate lS the residents of Chester County will contin­ tam.inants. FDA relies on informal action estimated at 1.6 percent annually. Ac~ ue to benefit from his superior abilities as levels more than formal tolerances because cording to the World Bank, Sri Lanka he continues to serve in his ·various commu­ tolerances can only be set through complex, has about 1 Va times the life expectan­ nity activities. We say at this time, Thank time-conswning ·procedures. FDA 1S not re- cy, three times the literacy, one-fourth you Jim for a job well done.e quired to review these informal Judgments, the infant mortality and half the birth nor to commission new toxicological studies rate that are typical of countrie~ at its even when available data are inadequate. per capita incoine level. · OTA REPORT ON ENVIRONMEN­ When setting regulations FDA atttempts to Since President J. R. Jayewardene TAL CONTAMINANTS IN FOOD balance the cost of the food lost against the took office in 1977 the Sri Lankan· degree of public healtJ:~ protection gained. Government has 'taken important Federal and State monitoring of food is · t · HON. MORRIS K. UDALL primarily regulatory, designed to ensure steps to reverse the trend o economic OF ARIZONA 'that environmental contaminants do not stagnation ,and high r~tes of unem­ lN THE HOUSE _OF REPRESENTATIVES . exceed prescribed a.Ction levels or toler- ployment which had stifled economic ances. ConsequenUy, contamiD.ation .involv- growth. In order to restore free . Tuesday, February 5, 1980 ing unregulated substances is rarely identi- .market incentives, foreign exchange e Mr. UDALL. Mr. Speaker, this past fied before it becomes a major problem. restrictions have been liberalized, December the Congressional Office of None of the maJor environmental contami." import and export controls disman­ Technology Assessment-OTA-re~ nation incidents in this country were initially discov- encourage savings and investment. of Federal and State efforts to protect ered by ongoing monitoring programs. In The country has established a free the public from the accidental con­ each case, actual human or animal poison- trade zone to attract foreign invest­ tamination of food by PCB's, Kepone, ings-either at home or abroad-alerted au- ments and has embarked on an ambi­ PBB's, and other toxic materials. This thorities to the danger. . tiQus water control and land reclama- report, "Environmental Contaminants Managing contamination incidents can be tion project, the accelerated Makaweli in Food.'' was requested by the House difficult because the Federal and State development program. As a result, the Committee on Interstate and Foreign agencies involved sometimes do not coordi- Sri Lankan economy grew by an im- Commerce. ~~::h!~~; :;:!i~~:::_~ie~f[;r:; t~: !:~~~:;! pressive 8.2 percent in 1978, and its In receiving the OTA report, our dis­ food system and the rapidity with which growth rate is expected to remain at 6 tinguished colleague, BoB EcKHARDT, food is moved through the system. percent or better for the next several chairman of the House Commerce In light of these findings, Congress could: years. . Oversight and Investigations Subcom­ 1> allow the present system to continue; 2> Sri Lankans have every right to mittee, commended OTA for its valua­ amend FFDCA to require the establishment salute their past with pride and theirc ble contribution to our understanding of tolerances, simplify administrative proce- future with confidence. I am sure we: of the problem of tood contamination. dures through which tolerances are set, join with many other nations in taking The OTA · report, Congressman EcK­ clarify the weight economic criteria can the opportunity of their national day HARDT said: have, and/or grant FDA authority to set re- to offer them our congratulations and gional tolerances; 3) establish a national best wishes · Raises most of the issues that need to be monitoring system to detect unregulated • • addressed • • • and also provides construc­ chemicals in food; and/or 4) designate a . Additional information follows. tive options for change. lead agency or establish a center to orches- EMBASSY OF THE DEMOCRATIC SociALIST The summary of this report is avail­ trate the delivery of Federal assistance to REPUBLIC OF SRI LANKA, able as a separate self-mailer for Meni- affected ar~!J.S.e · Washington, D.C.~ January 22, 1980. 1946 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 5, 1980

Hon. CLEMENT J. ZABLocKI, lation paSsed In Parliament. The executive Puerto Rico, its expression of a reservation U.S. House of Representatives; power of the people is vested in the Presiden­ implies that the formulation in the. Havana Washington, D.C. cy. The President is elected directly by the Declaration does not accord with Sri MY . DEAR Ma. ZABLOCKI: As you know, people for a fixed term of six years, and he is Lanka's position on this Jssu~ February 4 marks the National Day of· Sri not dependent on a majority in Parliament. Baste huma-n need& Lanka and this year we will be celebrating This arrangement, which provides for execu­ the 32nd Aniversary of obtaining our inde­ tive stability, is considered indispensable for Successive governments in Sri Lank-a have pendence from the British Crown. I recall a developing country like Sri Lanka. Parlia­ shown their commitments to meeting the with appreciation the references you have ment initiates legislation and voices the aspi­ basic human needa of the people. . Sri made in the past in the }Jouse about Sri rations of the people. The President, on the Lanka's achievementa In the realm of food, Lanka on this occasion. I am therefore ven­ other hand, ensures that the vital connecting edvcation and health are particularly im· turing to request you once again to make a links In the execution of such legislation are 'presstve. In the last 25 years, Sri Lankaila suitable reference to ·my country on the maintained. have: floor of the House this year too. Knowing The rule of law is ensured tn the constitu­ Increased their food consumption by your continuing Interest in and affection for tion by a strict separation of powers be-· about 15 percent to 2,200 calories per capita;,: Sri Lanka, I am sure that you will be able to tween the executive, the legislature and the Increased their life expectancy to 68. respond favourably to this request. ·judiclaey. An independent Judicial system years; I am enclosing an Aide Memoire contain· ensures the right of every citizen to equality Decreased their infant mortality to 45 per . ing information on Sri Lanka both in ·gener­ before the law. 1,000; al and with particular reference to the prog­ The constltuiton also ·emures a fair and Decreased theu }>Opulation growt~ rate to resp made over the last year which may be just solution to the histone grievances of 1.5 percent; of value In formulating your remvks. the Tamil speaking minority in Sri Lanka, Achieved· an adult literacy rate of '18 per- With kind. regards, particularly in the area of langilage rights. cent. · Yours sincerely, While Sinhala, the language of the maJority · In recent decades Income distribution has . ERNEST CoREA, remains the .official.language, both Sinhala also become more equitable io benefit the High Commissioner /or 'Sri ~anka. in and Tamil were made national languages lower 40 percent of the population. and Charge d'Affaires a.t., under the 1978 constitution, the use of Econ011J.1/ Washington. Tamil in Government offices· and hi the LoW When the present Government of Presi­ Enclosure. Courts has been constttut~ guaran­ teed dent J. R. Jayewardene ~umed power in AIDE MEMOIRE Equal opportunities for every Sri Lankan 19'l'l, it was clear that· the previous govern­ DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST REPUBLIC 01' SRI LAJfKA ments commitment to social and economic - NATIONAL DAY-FEBRUARY ol, l980 citizen, irrespective of ethnic orlgln or rell· gion are guaranteed under the constitution. welfare had not been without its costs: no~ February·4, l989 marks the 32nd anniver­ Past experience has shown a certain loose­ bly a stagnating economy which had been sary oLSri Lanka's achievement of independ­ ness In the pro\'ision of the constitution SJ$ · particularly hard hit· by the energy crisiS ence. The transformation from British co­ regards the fundamental rights to be en­ and an unacceptable rate of unemployment. lonial rule to independent nattonhOGd was Joyed by the people. In the new constitution The Government of President Jayewar­ brought abOut by pet>suasion and negotia­ there is a specific chapter dealing with fun­ dene has taken a number of important steps tion. in the same spirit,. the country's people damental rtiihts. This chapter embodies all to reve~ this trend. and generate and redi­ and leaders have worked together to estab­ 30 clauses contained in the U.N. Universal rect resources from consumption to llivest­ lish and nurture~a politically stable society, Declaration of Human Rights. ment: .from welfare programmes and subsl· in which the forms and values of democracy dies to efforts to stimulate economic growth are firmly entrenched. Universal adult fran­ Sri La.n.ta's foreign policy. has been one of and investment in production. At the outset, chise, Introduced to the country in 1931, is a non-alignment, In ita purest form. Sri in 1977, the government. Initiated a serlea of cherished and freely, exercised righ~. Sever­ Lanka's perception of non-allenment, and far-reaching financial and economic reforms al general -elections hav:e been held in Sri its overall approaeh to world affairs, were­ to . bring_ about a free market . economy Lanka since independence was achieved In articulated In the following terms, by Presi­ through such moves as the unification of 1948. The reins of Government changed dent J. R. Jayewatdene, speaking at.Havana the exchange ·rate. the liberalisa.tton of for­ hands at 'six of them, thus establishing for last year: eign exchange restrictions and the disman­ Sri Lank~ a record of democracy-in-action. ,;tet ilof man raise his hand against man. tling of import and export controls. As a which is unmatched in post-colonial Asia. Let him speak the language of peace· and; result, Sri Lanka has achieved an Impressive For the past 15 years, voter turnout at gen­ friendship.- Let the love that paaseth human growth rate of 8.2 percent in 1978, nearly eral elections has averaged over 8() percent, understanding prevail )4y they seek io t~ the growth rate of 4.4 percent reco..-ct­ testifying to the political maturity of Sri solve their problems b:J d&scussion and oot ed in 197'1. After the lnltial spurt ln119'18 fol­ Lanka's people. · by war.', lowing the libera.Jtsatton, the economy is ex­ Until 191'2 ·Sd Lanka retained the British From August 1976 when the Conference ~ted to settle down tO an _appreciable . monarchy u the constitutional head of of the Heads of State and Government of. growth. rate of about 6 percent In the next· state. in 1972, a Republican constitution Non-Aligned · countries was held In Sri few years, a satisfactory growth rate given was adopted. and with its inauguration in Lanka until September 19'19, Sri Lanka the present gloomy world economic situa- May 1972, the traditional name of Sri Lanka served as tbe Chairman and the Co-ordina­ tion. ·

CXXVI - 124 -pt. 2 1954 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 5, 1980 range bombers, land-based missiles of inter­ the 1980's, and by setting limits 'on what the quired by SALT->. thereby making our verifi­ continental' range , and missUes Soviets can do. cation of Soviet missile testing, development fired by· -submarines-each side may have. and deployment much more difficult. T};le Russians have 2500 delivery systems WHAT WILL HAPPEN IF SALT II IS NOT APPROVED? Thus, without SALT II, we would have a now; to comply with the Treaty, they will .renewed and destabilizing nuclear arms have to destroy or dismantle about 10% of SALT II deserves support because the pro· visions of the Treaty itself are clearly in our race_;and all we would end up with would their systems. This will· be the first agreed be greater military and political uncertain­ ·upon reduction in the history of nuclear interests. In additiOI\.._ to that, however, re· jection of the Treaty by the U.S. Senate ty, many additional blllions of dollars In de­ arms. fense costs-and less security for. our· nation. Without this SALT-40posed restrictibn. would have profoundly damaging conse- the Russians are expected to have 3000 de­ quences to this natiom ' · THE CHOICE BEFORE US livery systems built bY. 1985. 'J'hus, without Rejection of the Treaty wo\}ld damage the It is important to remind ourselves what · SALT, they would have 750 more missile United States' leadership position among we are tal~ing about-an issue totally unlike systems aimed at the United States. On the our allies and throughout the entire world. anything 'we have ever .had 'to deal with other hand, the U.S. has only 2000 delivery There would be a global perception that before. Even a single nuclear explosion over systems-so we can build up to the 2250 America had chosen confrontation r!Lther any major city would result irt a catastrophe figure if we want to. than cooperation and peace, and that the greater than any manldnd has ever known. Limit on nuclear warheads. The Treaty Soviet Union is more committed than is the We are talking, in brief, about the survival' places a limit on the number of warheads United States to limiting the threat of nu­ of the human race. that can be deployed by each country­ clear war. As I said at the outset, there is only one which would result in limiting the Soviets to Our allies would lose faith in our ability to standard against which to measure the pro­ about 9500 warheads, compaied with as oonduct international affairs. It would indi· visions of SALT II:· does the Treaty serve... many as 18,000 they would be able to deploy cate to them that we cannot generate a t~ security interests of the United States 'if they followed present production · sched­ stable national consensus on even this most • by lessening the possibility of a nuclear ex­ ules in the absence of the SALT agreement. c~cial of foreign policy issues. it would also change?· I think the answer is clearly in the This limitation on warheadS is critically tell them that a relaxation of East-West affirmative-and I suggest that the burden important because it: is in this area that the tensions is not likely to come about from bi­ is on those who feel differently to' show us Soviet Union has the greatest potential for lateral U.S.-U.S.S.R. negotiations. and that, how rejecting SALT II would reduce the dramatically expanding its forces in ~he if they wish" to pursue detente, they will Soviet threat in any way or lead to a safer; near future. Without SALT, for example. have to do so on their oWn. · saner, or more secure future for any of us. the 300 bir Soviet "heavy missiles" could Anci. here at home, rejection of the SALT We have negotiated a Treaty that is favor­ carry up to 30 warheads apiec~a total of agreement would leave our national security able to our side and that protects our own 9000 nuclear bombs; with SALT, they are policy in disarray, with no clear support in security interests-and we . must be wise limited to 10 warheads apiece-a total of the country or in Congress for any specific enough to seize this opportunity and ensure 3000. Thus, under SALT, there will be 6000 approach to national defense issues or the tts success.e fewer nuClear warheads aimed at the U.S. limitation of nuclear armaments. · from this one Soviet missile· system ·alone. Our relations with the Soviet U.Jlion would There are many other important -provi­ worsen and Jensions would increase. The NATIONAL DAY OF SRI LANKA sions of the Treaty which impose additional SALT process would be stopped dead in its significant restraints on the ability of both tracks, and the prospects for achieving sig- superpowers. to deploy more nuclear weap.. : nificant reductions in nuclear armaments at HON. DAVID R. BOWEN ons. But, equally significant from our own any time in the near future would become point of view are the areas which the extremely remote. The Russians have .been OF MISSISSIPPI Treaty does- not touch: · Involved in these bilateral negotiations with IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES It · does nothing to curb our ·•forward• us· now for more than seven yea.rS, they based" forces in Europe-the 700 American have engaged in this 'process with the Tuesday, February 5, 1980 missiles and planes equipped with nuclear utmost seriousness, they have made most of • Mr. BOWEN. Mr. Speaker, Febru­ bombs that are within striking range of the the major concesslon.S-and it would be in· ary 4, 1980, rnarks the 32d anniversary Soviet Union We have more abruptly discard the results of all our nuclear warheads In Europe than the Rus­ mutual efforts.· They would be led to con­ I have · been privileged to visit · Sri sians have in the entire world, and they are clude that the u.s. had changed its policy, Lanka, which means resplendent land. all excluded from the provisions ot the and they would move to further build · up also known as Ceylon, and Sri' Lanka is Treaty. their own. military forces. a most appropriate name for this shin· The· Treaty does nothing to change the we woUid thus be sending the wrong sig­ ing example of demo-cracy . among the nals to Moscow...:.signals which few thinking current imbalance, favorable to us, in which developin~ nations. 70% of Russia's nuclear ..power is concentrat­ Americans would want to send. At a time ed in exposed .and increasingly vulnerable when Soviet leadership will surely be in When it gained independence from land-based. missiles, while nearly 75% of transition, we will be strengthening the Great Britain in 1948, Sri Lanka set ours is on almost totally unvulnerable sub­ hand and validating the position of the mili­ out to establish firmly the twin princi­ marines and bombers. tarists and· hardliners in the Kremlin who ples 'of democracy and economic OP· lt-als._o .does nothing to restrain the nucle­ want an escalation of tensions and dangers portunity, building upon the founda· ar capabilities of the three other nuclear in the world tion so wisely constructed by Great weapons states . Finally, and mpst importantly, ..we will Britain, the colonial administrator. all potential adversaries of the Soviet greatly jeopardize our own national secu­ Universal adult suffrage was intro­ Union • . rity. Unrestrained by the terms of the duced in 1931, and. one of Asia's high­ SALT II prohibits none of th~ programs Treaty, and all.~ered and frightened. by tne which our own military leaders believe are abrupt reversal of: an American nuclear est literacy rates. has b.een expanded, necessary for improving our own strategic policy pursued by recent Democratic ... and even further since the peaceful transi­ nuclear capabilities. Throughout the negoti­ Republican administrations alike, 1he Sovi­ tion to independence in 1948. Four­ ations, care was taken to preserve the op­ ets would be ·encouraged to go a}lead with fifths of Sri Lanka's adult population . tions that those responsible for otir military development, deployment, and expansion of is literate, and over 80· percent of eligi­ planning have defined -as necessary to our nuclear weapons systems that would other· ble voters participate in general elec· security. In fact, the agreement allows the wise have been prohibited by SALT II. tions. In addition, life expectancy is up United States to go forward with every Without SALT, the Russians would have single strategic nuclear progiam now on our twice the number of nuclear warheads, hun· to 68 years, and the population growth drawjng boards-all· of our military options dreds more missiles and heavy bombers, and rate is down to 1.5 percent. are open. We can arm our heavy bombers several ne.w types of ICBM's than they Two years ago, Sri Lanka moved. with thousands of new, accurate cruise mis­ would be allowed under the Treaty. There from a parliamentary form of govern­ siles of unlimited range. We can go ahead would be no limit on the size of these new ment to a modified presidential with our new Trident submarines and our missiles and, most importantly, no limit on system. . An elected President now new longer-range, more accurate Trident .the nUmber of individual nuclear bombs missiles. We can go forward with our new with which each missile coUld be equipped-· serves a 6-year term and works with a warhead and guidance system for our thus greatly- endangering'the survivability Parliament also directly elected by the ICBM's, and develop and deploy our MX of our own nuclear force&. people. The actions of the Parliament mobile missile. The Treaty will not interfere Without SALT, there would be no restric· cannot be vetoed, anN THE CARIBBEAN Conference. At·the National Conference we sion on sex discrimination cases? Will . had twelve issue areas and each delegate she carry her views forward on cases was to choose two areas in which to work. dealing with such issues as jobs, abor­ We took twenty to thirty ideas in each area HON. GUS YATRON tion, contraception, et cetera? Will she and arrived at the five most important by OF PENNSYLVANIA be an arbiter on the court or an advo­ discussing them and then voting. The top cate? Will she impartially render .the sixty issue recommendations were presented IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATI·VES law or will she try to write into law to the delegation as a whole and we voted Tuesday, February s, 1980 what she from her past writings and on the top fifteen to present to the Con­ policies views as desirable social poli­ gress and·executive branches of our govern­ • Mr. YATRON. Mr. Speaker, toward· ment. the · close of last session. I had the cies? Will she adopt the equal rights Although I am sure you will receive a pleasure of participating in the Miami amendment judicially through her formal presentation of our work; I. would Conference· on the Caribbean,· which court decisions? like to give you my feelings on some of the took place November 28-30 and These are all questions· of legitimate issues. I think all small businesses are af• brought together key public and pri­ concern. The courts are for legal deci· fected by the need for capital formation and vate s·ectoi'.leaders from the Caribbean .sion8 and not · for political ·-appoint­ retention which was the most· popular .of countries·and several hundred leading ments or for political advocacy' by the issue areas. One recommendation was to ·lower and graduate the corporate tax scale U.s. businessmen. · judges. Ruth Bader Ginsburg may be In my· view, this conference was a an able scholar in the field of law but up to $500,000 profit, and to put a lid on the this background does not necessarily individual rate at 50 percent of income de­ very important opportunity for the rived from a small busine~. This would be U.S. Government to present our own make her qualified for sitting on the. simtlar to the lid on capital gains. interests. and concerns for the region, U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals for the Another recommendation was to revise District ·of Columbia.• and to listen to priorities and view­ estate tax 'laws to ease the tax burden on of1 family-owned business and encourage the pof,nts diverse ·sectors of Caribbean continuity of famtly ownership. I believe leadership and opinion. A REPORT FROM THE wHITE that after a proper study and re-writing of It was_Jt,lso an important opportunity HOUfSE CONFERENCE ON SMALL the laws in this-area, Congress cari help for Caribbean businessmen and devel­ JJUS NESS stem the flow of small business disappearing opment officials interested in attract­ to. the large corporations. ing U.S. in,vestment to get together A very popular subject was to adopt a sim­ with potential investors and trading HON. ·ELWOOD HILLIS plified, accelerated capital cost recovery partners, using informal time at the OF INDIANA system to replace the present complex asset conference to follow up on informa­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ·depreciation range regulations with provi­ sions such as: tion and ideas set forth during the ses­ Tuesday, Febr:uary 5, 1980 immediately expensing capital· costs sions. • Mr. HILLIS. Mr. Speaker, I am plac­ less than a specified amount. The conference opened with a ing in the RECORD a copy of a. le~ter I (b) immediately expensing government strong s.tatement of policy. Pr~ident received from Mr. James Meek, presi.­ mandated capital costs. Carter delivered a message by closed­ dent of Northern Indiana Supply Co., the creation of a maximum annual circuit television, emphasizing Ameri­ Inc., Kokomo, Ind. Mr. Meek was my benefit that may be derived from the ·can suppot:t for Caribbean aspirations appointee to the White House Confer­ system. for prosperity and human· rights. ence on Small Business held in Wash­ The area of inflation was considered very The President's message w~ fol­ important to small business, because by and lowed by a: major statement of U.S. ington, D.C., January 13 to 17. large they are very competitive and cannot Mr. Meek's letter is an excellent de­ adjust to inflation as well as big business, policy toward the Caribbean, delivered scription of the concerns expressed by big.labor, and big government. The most im­ by Ambassador Philip Habib, senior the participants of the Conference. portant recommendation in my opinion was: adviser to the Secretary of State. Tax reform, c~ital formation and cost Balance the federal budget by statute in Ambassador Habib pointed· to· five recovery, inflation, Government fisc"al year 1981 by limiting total federal principles guiding U.S .. policy in the spending and regulation, and reform spending to a percentage of the GNP, com­ region: Support for economic develop­ of the social security system are all mencing with 20 percent and declining to 15 ment, commitment to democratic prac­ percent. Another issue was to reform the tices and human rights, acceptance of problems which Congress must ad­ Social Security System with specific recom­ dress if we are to ever lift the burden ideological pluralism, respect for na­ mendations. tional sovereignty, and strong encour­ of excessive Government interference Government regulations and paperwork from the American businessman's received .a lot of attention. The most impor­ agement of regional cooperation and back. While the White House Confer­ tant issue was that Congress should main­ Caribbean activism in world affairs. ence on ·small Business was able to -tain oversight on the proliferation of regula· I believe both of these statements focus on the problems of businessmen, tions and veto unnecessary ones. We would reflect a· signifif1ant direction in U.S. it is up to the Congress to implement also like sunset reviews on existing laws and policy that recognizes the importance those recommendations. regulations. the future of the Caribbean will play I strongly urge the leadership of the The office of advocacy in the Small Busi­ in our own futur~. I ask that the. text House to address these issues during ness Administration received many good of President Carter's message be in­ comments and the economic policy and gov­ cluded in the RECORD: the coming year. ernment program workshop thought that NORTHERN INDIANA SUPPLY Co., INC., the office , should be expanded into other REMARKS OF THE PRESIDENT AT THE MIAMI Kokomo, Ind., January 29, 1.980. agencies. This workship also stressed that. CONFERENCE ON .'l'HE CARIBBEAN Hon. ELWOOD H. HILLIS, all government agencies submit small busi­ The President:· Even though I cannot be Rayburn House Of/ice Building, ness economic impact statements with new with you in person this evening, I want to Washington, D.C. regulations. · use this conference to reaffirm niY. commit­ · DEAR BuD; I thank you for the.opportuni· I have highlighted a few of what I consid­ ment .and that of the United States to eco­ ty to represent you and our district at the er the most important . issues discussed. I nomic development and democracy in the recent White House Conference on Small hope that the format work done by the Caribbean. We ourselves are part or' tne Car­ Business. Although with Indianapolis, Chi· Conference will filter out in the form of leg­ ibbean community and we know that devel­ cago, and Washington, D.C. meetings; I was islation that you can support. Even. more opment and democracy are key to realizing . away from work six days, I believe we had important is that maybe some of the bu­ the strength of the region and meeting its and will have an opportunity to present reaucrats in Washington are aware that we challenges. small business problems and solutions to , surgent social democ.racy of the Dominican this effort. · Republic, to . the established parlimentary The Caribbean group is an excellent ex­ initiation of the rulemaking process traditions of some English-speaking peoples, ample of the benefits of a multi-lateral was, quite reasonably, postponed._ free institutions have fostered development effort. Closer·cooperation between the Car­ The U.S. district court, in taking its within a stable framework. ibbean community and the Central Ameri­ action, has ignored a palpable body of The awarding of this year's Nobel Prize to can Common Market, and perhaps· also the scientific data that clearly indicates the distinguished development economist, Andean Pact, could be another step toward more complete information is needed W. Arthur Lewis, exemplifies the achieve­ greater progress. Like the Caribbean, Cen­ tral America is experiencing a period of pro­ prior to the enactment of any regula­ ments and contributions of the island peo­ _tory measures dealing with visibility, ples. Citizens of the Urtited States and the found change. Unlike the Caribbean,· where Caribbean stand ·together with· a common nations are struggling to defend democratic allow me to quote from the Environ­ pride in our achievement. We stand for the institutions while they modernize, many of mental Research and Technology rights of people to be free of oppression. the nations of Central America are seeking· (E.R. & T.> Inc. study, "An Assessment free from arbitrary abuse. and free to par­ to develop democratic institutions which of the Principal Technical Issues Re­ ticipate in their nation's political life. had not previously existed. Nevertheless, lated to Visibility Protection Under both regions have much in common, and These rights of freedom are precious. also much to learn from each other.' · the Clean Air Act,'' which was com­ Whatever the claimed justification, we will Few societies can more genuinely speak of pleted for the U.S. Department of not be silent when these rights are abused. Energy in September of 1979: We stand with those who are genuinely a common destiny than ours; for the United committed to economic development. We States and the Caribbean, the ties of history Limited information exists at this time to stahd with those who espouse social Justice and geography are continuously renewed by support the administration and implementa­ and human rights, and who work to trans­ what can only be described as one of the tion of a regulatory framework, either on a late thein from abstract goals into real pro­ most intense people-to-peoJ?le relationships national or a regional scale, for the 1977 grams. We s'tand with those who are genu­ in the world today. It is a· relationship filled Clean Air Act amendments mandate relat­ inely committed to international relations with exciting. possibilities that are waiting ing to visibility improvement. As · based on mutual r~spect. · to be explored. leaders and molders of opinion, we have a special responsibility to Furthermore, the E.R. & T. report As President. I have sought consistently build understanding, to defend the region's goes on to note that- to implement these principles. and to democratic institutions, and to promote de­ Existing methods ,to measure the cauSe strengthen relations in the region. We nego­ velopment of social and economic justice. tiated canal treaties with Panama, in keep­ and effect of visibility changes in class "I" ing with our determination to forge new and On benalf of the people of, the United areas are very limited and require substan­ better ·relationships with developing coun­ States. I pledge our continuing respect and tial improvement before they can be applied support for these efforts. Thank you very in regulatory practice with reasonable confi· tries. We have worked with 30 countries and much.e 15 international institutions to establish a dence. Caribbean group, which has expanded and The report 'also states: coordinated the flow of aid to the region. and will support efforts to design, fund and THE NEED FOR OVERSIGHT Review of air quality models applicable to implement regionally-integrated develop­ HEARINGS ON THE EPA'S PRO~ visibility problems indicates that available ment activities. · POSED REGULATIONS ON VISI­ modeling techniques are not adequate at My Administration has increased direct BILITY IMPAIRMENT present,for , regulatory decisionmaking, rela· economic assistance to the Caribbean, tive to estimating visibility impacts of major nearly doubling bilateral aid· obligations HON. ELDON RUDD energy facilities. over the· past two years. As actual disburse­ I find this particularly disturbing in ments reflect these increases, we will be con­ 01" ARIZONA tributing more than ever before to generate IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES light of our Nation's energy . plight. I employment and to help meet basic human hope we are not facing increased ·costs needs'. This is particularly true for the Tuesday, February 5, 1980 for energy as a result of poorly con­ newly-independent countries of the Eastern • Mr. RUDD. Mr. Speaker, on .Novem­ trived regulations. Caribbean. ber 5, 1979, as a result of litigations The findings of this study are reveal­ We have come rapidly to the assistance of brought about by the Friends of the ing in light of tpe acquiescence of the countries like the Dominican Republic and Earth, the U.S. District Court· of the EPA to the district courts decision. It Dominica, friends in need of emergency aid is patently obvious that the EPA to rebound from natural disasters. We have District of Columbia directed the En· repeatedly shown our eagerness to support virorunental Protection Agency to im­ cannot, with ..reasonable scientific jus­ political freedom and democratic processes. plement section 169 of the Clean tification, promulgate meaningful reg­ But such governmental action, no matter Air Act .Amendments of 1977. That ulations at the present time. To quote how important, is still not enough. 'section established as a national goal, further from the E.R. & T. report: 1958 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS FP-brurtry 5, 1980 Determination of visibility baselines and The findings of this study, which was man- .;Iars: Within· tnis fran1ework, however, the source contributions to visibility impair­ dated by an amendment to the Civil Service budget prop·oses a decrease in the total' ment should be a major priority within the Reform Act by Congre8smen Jim Leach, amount of funds available to moderate­ next year and could take up to 5 years to show. the inaccuracy. of much of the conven- income persons and an increas~ in the total complete. · tional wisdom concerning big government. amount of funds going to low-income per­ and begin to debunk some of the myths con- sons. In short, there is not a valid body of _ cerning Federal employees. , I. Low-income housing scientific evidence available right now Your study found that the Federal gov­ to base regulations on and further ernment is in fact already decentralized, BUDGET SUMMARY studies are genuinely needed which maintaining . 22,000 Federal facilities could take up to 5 years. It is clear throughout the United States. Approxi­ [Dollars in billions1 that our country is faced with yet an~ mately. 88 percent· of the total Federal civil­ other instance where the- courts have ian workforce is located outside the Nation­ Per~Jo~:rge· al Capital Region. Nearly.· nine out of ten mandated rulemaking without consid­ employees of the Federal government live in 1979 1980 '1981 Adjusted .ering the full impact of their actions. Actual for towns and cities across the nation, pay local Inflation Jt is my grave concern that the EPA school taxes, suffer from inflation, partici- ·not promulgate unduly restrictive reg­ pate in local affairs, and pay Federal income Subsidized ulations in the present atmosphere of tax on their earnings. ·Although this is not housing the generally accepted image of Federal em­ (Section 8) : -scientific uncertainty as to the very Budget definition of what constitutes visibility ployees, it is nonetheless accurate. authority •• $22.9 $19.6 $24.4 24.5 14.6 impairments. · Moreover, your report states that this mix No. of units has· been relatively stable for the last funded ..... 269,707 202,220 28.5,000 40.9 ...... In view of the fact that the EPA has Pubi'IC housing: decade, despite the fact that actual Federal ·Budget not challenged the district court deci­ civilian employment has ·decreased during authority .. $8.2 $7.7 $8.8 14.3 5.2 sion and intends to carry out the rule­ the same· period. These facts effectively dis­ No. of units . funded ..... 55,368 38,172 42,000 10.0 ...... making process, and in vi~w o-f the imte claims that the "Wasl}.ingtoh bureauc­ Total housing: statutory requirement for a full report racy" has grown in size and become removed Budget from the citizens it serves. . authori~ .. $31.1 $27.2 $33.2 22.1 12.4 to Congress, I strongly urge my col­ No. of un· s l~agues in both Houses to hold over­ I was especially pleased to note that the funded ..... 325,075 240,392 300,000 24.8 ...... sight hearings on the EPA's hastily OMB has found no basis for recoinmending major physical decentralization of' Federal conceived efforts to establish visibility functions currently located in the National impairment regulations.e Bac~,tground Capital Region. RelOcation carries a sizable· The administration anticipates that its pricetag in terms of direct and indirect budget request of $33.2 billion will enable costs. Besides these considerations, too the Department of· Housing and Urban De­ OMB STUDY CONCERNING THE much decentralization causes organizational DISTRIBUTION OF THE FEDER­ velopment to subsidize 258,000 rental units inefficiencies which could adversely ·affect for lower-income households under BUD's AL WORK FORCE pro~am delivery. · . Section 8 housing assistance program, . and The report does identify,Federal activities 42,000 units under its public housing pro­ HON. HERBERT E. HARRIS II employing 9200 National Capital area resi­ gram. This year's request for subsidized dents which agencies may consider for pos­ OF VIRGINIA housing marks an increase of $6.0 billion in sible relocation. I am hopeful that the agen­ budget authority and allows an estimated [N THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cies are made fully aware of the costs of re~ 60,000 more units to be funded, while retain­ Tuesdil:g, February 5, 1980 location, and that they carefully study all ing the 60/40 ratio of newly constructed factors involved before considering the relo­ units to less costly existing ones. The pro- · e Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Speaker, I would cation of any Federal activity. posed distribution of low-income housing like to direct the · attention of this Sincerely, units under both programs includes 180,000 House to a letter which I sent recently HERBERT E. HARRIS II, newly constructed or substantially rehabili­ to the Director of the Office of Man­ Chairman, Subcommittee on tated J,Ulits, and the acquisition of 120,000 agement and Budget concerning his Human Resources.e exiSting structures, of which 4(),000 will re­ recent study on the ~istribution of the quire moderate rehabilitation. Federal work force. I think that this Unlike other budget categories, budget au­ matter should be of interest to my col­ BUDGET ;BRIEF thority for subsidized housing represents leagues Since the study dispels a the total cost of HUD funds committed over HON-. ROBERT W. EDGAR a long-term contract period of 15 to 40 common misconception concerning the years. In short, it is more useful to discuss distribution of Federal employees OF PENNSYLVANIA HUD program funding levels in terms of the throughout the country. IN THE HOUSE OF ·REPRESENTATIVES number of housing units that will be subsi­ Through its findings the study also Tuesday, February 5, 1980 dized at a given dollar level. makes. an implicit statement concern­ Last year's budget controversy over. subsi­ ing the types of indi-viduals who work • Mr. EDGAR. Mr. Speaker~ following dized housing centered on calculations by for the Federal Government. The Fed is an analysis of tlie- low· income and the Office of Management and budget indi­ eral work force is composed of working rural. housing budget proposal for cating -that the Presideqt's fiscal 1980 fiscal year 1980, as well as an analysis budget request of $26.7 billion would fund men and women ·from all walks of life 300,000 housing· units. OMB's calculations in cities and counties ' across this of the budget for unemployment com­ pensation. These budget briefs have were ,based on its optimistic projection that Nation, and I am pleased that this ·a lower per unit cos,t could be<'B.ehieve~. and study has reinforced my belief that been prepared by the N ortheast-.Mid­ the ration of less costly existing housing to the Washington bureaucracy exists west Congressional Coalition: new construction would be increased by 5 primarily in the minds of those who · BUDGET BRIEF No. 5: LoW-INCOME AND RURAL percent, to 45 percent '1f the tptal units write politically popular fiction. HOUSING funded. The latter woula have required a HIGHLIGHTS statutory amendment because current law The letter follows: reqUires HUD to base its subsidized housing U:S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, The president has requested $33.2 billion mix on local Housing ~istance Plans COMMITTEE ON POST OFFICE AND . in budget authority to fund 300,000 units of . OMB's calculations did not foresee CIVIL SERVICE, SUBCOMMITTEE. ON subsidized rental and public housing, repre­ last year's 17 percent inflation rate in the HUMAN RESOURCES, CANNON sentirig a real increase of 25 percent in the housing construction industry, and the HousE OFFICE BuiLDING, number of subsidized housing units the De­ actual nutnber of subsidized housing units Washington, D.C., January·25, 1980. partment of Housing and Urban Develop­ dropped from the projected 300,000 to fewer JAMES·T. MciNTYRE, Jr., ment will fund in fiscal 1980. The adminis­ than 240,000. Director, Office of Management and Budget, tration's budget request reverses the trend This isSue appears to have been resolved Executive Office Building, Washington, in recent years of a decline in funding and to in this year's budget request, with per unit D.C. responds the growing need· for low­ housing costs gauged to reflect the impact · DEAR MR. MciNTYRE: I have reviewed ·with income housing in a shrinking rental' of high inflation in the housing industry. great interest the report prepared by your market. office concerning the feasibility of decen- . The president's fiscal 1981 budget pro­ . Regional Implications tralizing Federal · aetivities and relocating poses an overall reduction in rural housing Inflation, condominium conversions, and them outside the National Capital Region. assistance-a 15 percent decrease in reaJ dol- the high cost of mortgage money all have February 5, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1959 contributed to the shortage of housing, par- Use in the next fiscal year. The Northeast­ I. The extended bene/its issue ticularly low-income rerital units. Early pro- Midwest Institute has found that the sub­ Background. jections indicat~ · tnat ':t.he .198P . Censqs·. will · standard and poverty definitions currently show the percentage · -of · the .··PoPUlation used in the allocation formulas are inad­ The budget for unemployment compensa­ living in poverty ·IS iiicre.asmg '].n'. :'North- equate and should be broadened to more ac­ tion is based on revised rules for the Ex­ eastern and Midwestern states, thereby ex- curately measure need throughout tlie tended Benefits program, making it less panding the numbers of poor persons rely- nation. The current substandard definition likely for the program to be triggered into ihg on the capacity of HUD to provide includes only those homes that lack com­ effect. Congress established the program in decent, affordable housing under the Sec- plete plumbing or are overcrowded, and pov­ 1970 to provide 13 additiOnal weeks of un- · tion 8' and Public Housing programs. In erty is presently measured by the national · employment. benefits to workers who have 1978, the Northeast-Midwest region received poverty line. The substandard . definition exhausted · their regular compensation · 56 percent of all units allocated under Sec- should, at the very least, be broadened to in· during a recession. tion 8 Housing Assistance program; 1980 es- elude those homes that lack efficient heat­ The Program can be activated by either timates show that the region's share of ing systems. In addition, a poverty indicator state or national indicators.' When the ria­ Section 8 funding dropped to less than 50 that takes into account geographic vart- . tiona! indicator reaches 4.5 percent, the pro-­ percent, with a marked decrease in the num- ations in the cost ·of living should be em- gratQ is triggered into effect for all states. If ber of new units constructed.. ployed. the national trigger is off, an iridividual II. Rural housing State Implications state can have extended benefits activated when Its indicator reaches· 4.0 percent and BUDGET SUMMARY In fiscal 1980, 14 of the. 18 states in the the current insured unemployment rate is Northeast-Midwest region experienced re­ 20 percent higher than the average rate for [Dollars in millions] 1 ductions in their actual funding levels or in the previous two years. their total share of funds for either the Sec­ Percent change, The revised rules change the method of 1980-81 tion 502 or 515 program. The cut in the Sec­ counting the number of unemployed work­ tion 515 program resulted from the smaller 1979 1980 1981 · f4Jjusted ers to exclude persons collecting. extended Actual . !Of amount of total funds being allocated by benefits. The effect is to lower the indica­ inflation formula high unemployment rate, the lower indica­ Section 502 insured and the effects of the transition formula. tors will trigger states onto the program housing loans: Although the total amount of funds to oe more slowly and trigger them off ·more SubSidized...... $2,007 $2,220 $2,300 3.6 -4.6 Unsubsidized..... 860 860 472 -45.1 -49.5 allocated by form~Ia increased slightly from quickly. The budget · for unemployment • Section 515 rental fiscal 1979 for the Section 502 program, the compensation assumes that the national housing loans: rate will not increase enough in 1980 'or 1981 Subsidized...... 822 820 820 ...... -7.9 total share of funds for a number of states Unsubsidized. .... 48 48 48 ...... -7.9 decre~ed as a result of the transition for- to~trigger on extended benefits, saving $1.8 Section 504 very- mula. · biliion in federal and state payments that low-income· · would have gone to workers under existing housing repair: These cuts will be exacerbated in fiscal Loans...... 15 24 50 108.3 91 .8 1981. Because funding levels for. the Section rules. Private forecasters, however, project Grants...... 19 24 25 4.2 -4.1 502 program have been reduced, every state much higher unemployment rates for 1981 Home onwersllip than the president does. If they prove more assistance will lose some funds. The transition formula· will decrease some state shares of funds accurate, the national program could trigger rrZ~i ~ ...... 100 ...... even' further. Similariy, the transition for­ .. on,'' and most of the ·- planned savings mula will reduce some states' total share of would disappear. 1 These fi~ures reflect program levels. According to the Avicultural Department, ' program level represents the total flll3ncial value of benefits funds under the Section 515 program. Regional Implications provided to the public by USDA." The figures for 1980 and 1981 are est1mates. · . The revisions ·of the extended benefits 2 This program has been prooosed fllf 2 years, but Congress has failed to BUDGET BRIEF No. 6: UNEMPLOYMENT .rules has serious implications for the appropriate fUnds. The $100 milf1011 reflects the total cost of the prograin over Northeast-Midwest region because unem­ the maximum term of the agreements. Actual first-year expenditures would be COMPENSATION approximately $1 million. · ployment rates are generally higher in this HIGHLIGHTS region and are expected to increase fa.Ster Background The president's fiscal 1981 budget for un- during the recession than in other sections. of the country. Both state and national indi­ The overall decrease in housing funds will . employment compensation is based on re­ vised rules for__ the Extended Benefits pro­ cators will trigger on more slowly with the: affect some states more severely than new method of calculations, reducing the others because of the way Farmers Home gram, making it less likely that the program will go ~to effect. The move 1S expected to period that individuals can collect benefits. Administration funds are distributed. T;he change will work to the detriment of Before fiscal 1977, the distribution of rural cut $900 miliion in federal unemployment hoilsing funds ' was based on historic pro­ benefits and an equal amount in state bene­ workers in states with a recent history ,of high structur~ unemployment: Even if the gram activity. But in 1977, the Farmers fits despite an anticipated rise til the nation­ Home Administration began using formulas al unemployment rate to 7.4 percent in indicator rises above the trigger level of 4.0 1981. percent, a state cannot qualify for extended 'to distribute its housing funds. The formu­ benefits unless the indicator is at least 20 las, based on "need" indicators determined Northeastern and.- Midwestern states, percent higher than the two-year average. by the agency, were. established so that many of which have suffered from high ~enty-two states now have high enough funds could be distributed by need rather levels of structural unemployment, probably averages that their indicator rates must be than by demand. will see even higher unemployment rates in greater -than 4.0· percent before triggering The initiation of the formula resulted in the next two years. The new. regulations on. Nine of those states are in the Nortk· some states receiving what Farmers Home mean that less federal money will go to the eaSt-Midwest region. The Department of has described as "unacceptable" iricreases or Northeast-Midwest region and the recession Labor has not yet determined the extent to decreases in their level of fundiilg. It was . will have a greater negative impact on job- which the new rules will affect the 120 per­ necessary, therefore, to temper those less workers than it would under the pres­ cent requirement, but the redefinition of in­ changes with a transition formula to ease ent system. But it also means decreased out­ dicator rates to lower levels means that the states·into their new level of funding. Many lays from some state trust funds in the 4.0 percent hurdle will be more difficult to of the states which historically had received region. large amounts· of money under these pro­ reach than under the old rules. The changes will go into effect February If the projected savings do materialize, grams no longer qualified under the new al­ 13, 1980. location method based on· need for the state trust funds will pay $900 million .less in bene~its, reducing pressures on many share of funds they were receiving. On the BUDGET SUMMARY other hand, the .total share of funds in­ states in the region to raise employer taxes. .creased for those states not making wide use [Dollars in milf1011s] of the programs but entitled to ·greater 'The Indicators are 13-week moving averages of amounts under the formula. PerrsJ~~ natiQnal and state Insured unemployment rates. Regional Implications The changed_formula will reduce the lnsure4 rate· 1979 1980 1981 Adjusted In several cases, thus lowering the Indicators. FmHA's decision to distribute funds on Actual · IOf Owing to different methods of calculation, the In· the basis of need is sound, but tpere is some inflation . surecl unemployment ?te is several percentage . ·question as to the effectiveness of the for­ points· lower than the more commonly used total unemployment rate. The Insured. rate counts only mula's need indicators to·.accurately meas­ Unemployment ure need. The formulas have been criticized compensation: persons who claim unemployment benefits as un­ Budget employed; the total unemployment rate Includes all on a number of frontS and there is some in· authority .. $15,516 $16,940 $19,351 14.2 5.2 persons who do not have a job and ·are seeking dication that the Farmers Home Adminis· ' Outlays ...... 10,742 15,610 18,752 20.1 . 10.6 work. regardless of their ellgtblity for unemploy­ tration . will reeommend new formulas for ment compensation. · 1960 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 5, 1980 State lmplieations Having previously served on ·the Neither charge, however, stands up under At the moment, Michigan. Alaska, and House Banking. Finance and Urban examination. Puerto Rlco ar-e the onb' states eligible for Affairs Committee with JOHN. I am in While the facta do not s.u.ggest any extended benefits. other than Michigan. a position to note that his absence will grounds f-o-r oompla.cency, they do tell us eight states in the region have had such be a substantial loss to this legislative that if we pursue a sensible spending· policy, high levels of unemployment ln the past body. JoHN CAVANAUGH's service to this emphasizing combat readiness, mobility and two years that they would not become eligi- country· in the U.S. Army, the Nellras· flexibility, there will be no "window"' In the ble for extended benefits even if they had 1980's through which the Russians can with unemployment !"ates -of -1.0 pereent because ka State Legislature, and most recent- impugnlty reach for the "cookie jar."' The of the 1'20 f)ercent requirement. Of those ly in the U.S. House of Representa­ Russians must measure any local advantage eight st-ates, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and tives is indeed a distinguished one. that they think they can gain against the Rhode Island already have unempl~yment · While 'I can certainly understand overall United States-Soviet Union military ra~es -ab~ve 4;0 peroent. The others are rut- and appreciate JoHN's desire to sJ)end balance. n01s, Matne, Massao'husetts, New York. and more time ·with his famUy. I am ·also In the air, on the sea, and on the ground,: Vermont. sorry to see this body lose such a United States and North .. Atlantic Treaty fl. Financing unemployment compensation promising young Member. In light of Organization forces outpoint the Warsaw benefits his past ~mplishments. and as a Pact's in quality wher-e theY do not actuall~ B.egionallmpUcatfona. friend and colleague tn the House, I outnumber them. · Overall~ considering thatl there is a rough equivalence of the forces ~ A related issue arising from the recession would lik-e to offer JoHN CAVAlfAUGH factors such as training, tactics and readi· concerns the 1inancing of benefits. Fourteen m;y best wishes .and good luck on wbat ness become -decisive. states m -the .iNGr.theut-Mldwest region had can op,~y ,be a :successful future• to borrow from. the Treasury when their The Rllssians' numerical edge in combat trust funds were depleted in the last reces- aircraft is balanced by our qualitative supe­ sion, and eight states ln the region still t/We riority. They cannot match 'the F-1'5 in air $2.9 billion ol a national total of $3.1 billion. UNITED STATES MILITARILY combat, nor do they have any plane compa­ The rece~lon win result in higher outlays EQUAL TO .RUSSIA rable to. the A-10, an armored close-support fCM" unem;ployment compensatio~ which aircraft that can knock out tanks. Our new must be rovered tbf taxes e»n employers. If HON,. FORTNEY H. (PETE) .STARK ' F-16 fighter, which is very capable in both np changes .are made ln the system. states ail'-to-air combat and ground support, is now which are the hardest hit by unemployment OF CA'LIFORNIA ooming off the production line. In combat probablY will need · to raise taxes. .even IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES taotios and training, we have a significant though their tax burdens 'already 'are among margin. Tuesda11, Febnuir.y 5, 1980 the highest 1n the nation. Tax hikes will Our nav:al forces remain ·superior to the come at the. w.orst 1possibl.e .time and wm • Mr. STARK. Mr. Speaker, another Russians•• .over the last 15 years~ ~ have prov.ide mcentwes mr · empl~ers to shift fn. knowledgep.ble has been heard launched more than twice the tonnlige and v~tments away .fnom the regiOn. · 'S<>urce from ·on the issue -of the military more than 20 percent the .. nmnber of surface .State Impllcations budget. Adam.Yannoltnsky, writing on ships they ha"e launchecL Only if one com· pares ntlmbets of· ships wit;hout regard to The fdowilng states in the region have the Op~Ed page of the February 4 New outstandlng trust lund debts: size or firepower do they loom as a serious York Times -comes to the same conclu­ threat; They outnumber 'us in .particular (In millions of dollar$} sion .I haveTeache. T.epaid their loans and and the West. His essay is a fine brief more tanks that we dQ. but this is at least will avoid the extra federal tax, but ·expect summa.ry of these forces. ·and I tnclude partly offset by NATO's planes and anti­ to borrow again later this yea,r. . tank weapons.· Further, 'the United States Thus, the .economic downtmn will result his 'Wlticle ·at the conclusion ol these remarks. 4nnY started last year the biggest modem­ in disproportionately high losses or income. iza.tlon program in its history, and NATO and employment for firms and workers in MT. 'Speaker, we must have an ade· has begun an ambitious modernization pro­ the N:artheast :and Midwest. The structure quate Defense Establishment, and we gram of its own. of the unemployment compensation pro­ do. The way to keep it strong Js to gram and the revised Extended Benefits Given our general qualitative sUPeriority, have a · :sensible plan that addresses lf we ·choose to .increase quantities of partie· rules will create :additional problems for the areas that need shoring-up. We will region during the recesssion. This combina­ ular weapons, we do not need to await the tion of economic realities and fiscal re­ achieve nothing' but a higher rate of development Gf new systems, with resulting straints means that the NortheaSt .and Mid· eecmomle inft'&tion if we .try tO throw. delays into the late 1980'-l. but often can west win bear a 'large portron of the burdens dollars at the Pentagon in an attempt open, continue or accelerate· existmg pro­ imposed by tbe· eoonomie policies in the to staunch som-e imaginary miHtary duction lines. . ! 981 budget.e hemorrhage. It seems to me that we Nor should the Soviet ·mmtary- perform­ are moving 'in that direction and I anc.e ip the inva:smn of Afghanistan give us think it is a big mist3.ke. It will mean pause about our relative military capabili­ ties, if the Russians could not move 100.000 JOHN CAVANAUGH short-changing domestic programs and men across their own borders-most of the m-ilitarizitlg .of our society. them on existing highways-1Lfter months of THE MIUTUY BJ\LANCE: ABOUT EQUAL preparation, they .ought to turn in their uni­ HON. BUTLER DERRICK N.-The ·periodic charge ·that The central issue ·remains one of combat IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the militu~ balance has shifted or is about· readiness. to ·shift across the board in favor of the Historians generally agree that at the Tuesday~ Jrt:tnua't(y 29, 1980 Soviet Union Js •w-orrisome enoegh ·in. thE outset of World War II... the GernJ,ans did • Mr. DERRICK. Mr. Speaker, in ligh.t· of the Soviet Unioa'S ugiy militar;r ad· not have more tanks or men than the A~l~es, light of h'is ·service to thjs body, it is ven:tore in Afghanistan, other possible but those they had were fully combat-rea.Qy. with ho small amount -of regret that I moves .toward •the Persian -Gulf, and the The Pentagon's -emphasis on elaborate continuing United States dependence on weapons systems has tended to keep train· today join my colleagues in wishing Middle Easterm . oil It is :even more worri· ing and readiness .activities on short rations. , farewell t0 a fellow Member of the some when coupled with the charge .that Unrealistic coll)parisons of weapons House of Repr€sentatives from the the overall balance cannot be restored until strengths divert military spending from less, State of Nebraska. JOHN CAVANAUGH. late .in the new decade. glamorous but more e&Sential purposes. February 5, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1961 There are a number of unsettled issues in INTERRELIOlOUS TASK FORCE Studies of the Chicago Center of Theologi­ ,comparing United States and· Soviet mili-, ON SOVIET JEWRY CONDEMNS cal Schools, Chicago, Ill., Sr. Margaret . tary strength, from the question of theoretl· Traxler, Executive Director of the Institute SOVIET INVASION ON AFGHANI­ of Women Today, Chicago, Ill.; and Rabbi cal vulnerabllity of our Minuteman land· STAN based 'missiles to the utility of theater nu· Marc Tanenbaum, National Director, Inter­ clear weapons in the European theater to religious Affairs, American Jewish Commit­ the combat-ready capability of our existing_ tee, New York City. forces. · HON. ROBERT F. DRINAN Also: Prof"'Thomas E. Bird, Chairman of the Slavic L&nguage Department, Queens But poor-mouthing United States _military OF MASSACHUSETTS College, City University of New York; Sr. strength only tends to promote unnecessary IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Ann Gillen, Executive Director of the Na· inflation of the United States· defense Tuesday, February 5, 1980 tional Interreligious Task Force on Soviet budget-and · dangerous inflation of the Jewry, Chicago, Ill.; and Rabbi A. James Soviet estimates of their own capacity _for e Mr. DRINAN. Mr. Sp_eaker, the Rudin, Assistant'National Director, Interre­ mischief.e Soviet . invasion of Afghanistan has ligious Affairs, American Jew_ish Committee, evoked condemnation from all sectors New York 'city.e of the American public. The wanton Soviet disregard for the right to self-­ TRIBUTE TO DAN FLOOD determination of the Afghan people IRANIAN ELECTION was unequivocally violated when Soviet troops marched across the HON. JOHN W. JENRETTE, JR. HON. LAWRENCE COUGHLIN Afghan frontier to seize the reigns of power there. OF SOU'l'H CAROLINA OF PENNSYLVANIA Dr. Andrei Sakharov, the Soviet dis- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF .REPRESENTATIVES sident and Nobel laureate "who was re- Tuesday, February 5, 1980 cently arrested and taken into internal Tuesday, February 5, 1980 exile, said that: · • Mr. JENRETTE. Mr. Speaker, the e Mr~ COUGHLIN. Mr. Speaker, last The human-rights issue .•. is not simply inauguration today of Iran's new Thursday, January 31, the Honorable a moral one, but also a paramount, practical President,_ Abolhassan Bani-Sadr Daniel J. Flood resigned his ·seat in ingredient of international trust and secu~ raises new hope for the American the House of ' Representatives. Dan rity. people that 50 of our fellow citizens. served ·in this body for 16 years,· Clearly, the Soviets have violated may be released in the near future. achieving eminence in the House as fundamental standards of human Bani-Sadr lost his previous job as For­ chairman of the Labor-HEW Appro­ rights, international trust, and the se- eign Minister beca~e he expressed too priations Subcommittee. As such, his curity of Afghanistan by their actions. much sympathy for the plight of the leadership directly affected the qual­ ·I commend the interreligious task American hostages. Now that he has ity of life in the United States from force on Soviet Jewry for its strong received the overwhelming support of the education of our young people to statement on this subject and urge my the Iranian people at the ballot box, the care of the sick and aged 'to the colleagues to read it. The statement hopefully we can look forward to well-being of workers and the Nation's follows: seeing an official voice in the Iranian poor. While it is often difficult to The National Interreligious Task Force on Government expressing support in the measure the impact which one individ- . Soviet Jewry condemns the recent Soviet in- willingness to negotiate in a manner ual has had on rhillions of lives, in the vasion of Afghanistan as .a flagrant assault . that is reasonable for the world' order upon human rights. It is one more in a con- we live in today. My prayer and that case of Dan Flood it has surely been ttnuing series of such assaults by the USSR: of the American · people is that ·we significant. HUngary in 1956, Czechoslovakia in 1968 shall see a quick and satisfactory set· and now Afghanistan in 1979. Despite his key role in the fundin& Concerned about upholding the human tlement to this problem.e of national programs, Dan never ne­ rights of all peoples, the National Interreli· glected hiS constituents in Pennsyl­ gious Task Force on Soviet Jewry urgently, vania's 11th COngressional District. He calls upon world political, religious and bust­ BEDELL STATEMENT ON was an extremely conscientious-and ef­ ness leaders, farmers and ·consumerS', alth­ VETERANS HEARING fective representative of the interests letes and sports fans, academicians and stu­ dents to make the critical decisions and the of the coal mining region of northeast­ personal saerifices involved in the counter HON. BERKLEY BEDELL em Pennsylvania. Dan was instrumen­ measures to censure the Soviet Union and OF IOWA tal in the enactment of legislation to press -for its immediate withdrawal from which established the Appalachian Afghanistan. The Task Force welcomes the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Regional Commission, the Appala-­ U.N. Gerieral Assembly Resolution calling Tuesday, February 5, 1980 chian Redevelopment Act, the Mine for all Soviet troops to leave Afghanistan and the Task Force also urges: • Mr. BEDELL. Mr. Speaker, on De­ Health. and Safety Act which created 1: The continuation of the U.S. trade em­ cember !7, I held an informal hearing the black lung pension program, and bargo of high technology and whekt sup­ in Sioux City on veterans issues for the Agnes Recov.ery Act of 1972. plies directed against the USSR. veterans in my district. In addition to No one who watched Dan Flood 2. The immediate movement of the 1980 the wide attendance by veterans, this 1 Olympics from the Soviet Union. The U.S. hearing was also attended by Repre­ take personal command of the rescue should -not parti9ipate if the games are held operations in the wake of severe flood­ in the USSR. . _ sentative BoB EDGAR, who serves on ing in the 11th District from tropical The task force believes that the Muslim the Veterans' Affairs Committee, and storm Agnes can doubt his deep caring countries of the Middle East, especially representatives from the National and for the· people he represented. His Iran, are threatened by Soviet aggression Des Moines Veterans' Administrations. and expansion. The USSR is a menace to Because · this meeting highlighted reputation as a man who could get Muslim religious liberty as well as to the na• things done was confirmed as he cut many of the pressing veterans issues tional independence of the Islamic states of of the day it was of great benefit to through usually .time-consuming red­ the Middle East. Those who are currently those who participated. I would like to tape to rush military equipment, per­ holding the hostages in Iran, whether con­ sciously or not, are aiding the USSR in its .submit the testimony that was re­ sonnel, and supplies to aid the victims ceived at this hearing so my colleagues of Agnes. Once the crisis was over, campaign of expansion. We call -Upon the Iranian authorities, especially the Ayatollah in Congress can also benefit from the Dan worked tirelessly to obtain mas.. Khomeini, to order the release of the hos­ comments on veterans in my aistrict. sive Federal·relief and economic assist­ tages in the name of religious freedom and Following, in the third of a series o~ ance to rebuild the devastated area. to seek an international means to resolve testimony I Will be submitting to th~ the dispute concerning the Shah of Iran. The House will not be quite .the The statement was -signed by the follow­ RECORD this week, is the statement -of same without Dan Flood's colorful ing Task Force leaders: Robert 0. Steben on behalf of style, his eloquence, and his legislative · Co-Chairpersons: Prof. Andre Lacocque, AMVETS-State of Iowa. talents.e · Director of the Center for Jewish-Christian The statement follows: 1962 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 5, 1980

. &JlA~E:M:I!:Nlr ,oi' .ROBERT 0. STEsEN· applied towards_'satisfying tbe overpayment. tawney, P.ennsylvania~horne of the .only re· I share the concerns of the Service Offi­ I am familiar with ·caSes when tb.e first indi· liable weather forecasting Groundhog.~ cers from the American Legion and the Dis­ cation a veteran \nas tha.t a.n overpayment has been established against him is when he abled American Ve~rans about the reduc-­ tion in staffing within the V A·s DePartment does · nQt receive hts check. This is particu­ THE 1981 BUDGET: THE BIG "IF" of Veterans 'Benefits. I would ll'ke to present la.rily dev.astatiDg to .older veterans on fi~ed you with ·some additional information. incomes. The above mentioned regulation Budgets for Federal ·agencies are not pre· states, "AmoWlts which have · been recov~ HON. PATRICIA SCHROEDER par.ed in ·a ·few weeks or ·a few months. Work ered b.Y the U.S. Government prior to the OF COLORADO date of r.ecelpt by the VA ,of a request for begins on :budge:ts two and three years In ad­ IN THE HOUSE .OF REPRES~NTATIVES vance. In preparing their 'budgets, agencies waiver, will not be refunded and will be ex­ cluded from waiver~" U the VA finds justifi· look at prQjected population figures~ trends .Tuesday, February 5, 1980 cation ·to waive an overpayment, then I be­ in customer usage, technological advances Mrs. SCHROEDER. Mr. Speaker, in equipment, etc. Within the Department. lieve it .should !l'efund to the veteran any e 'of Veterans Benefits the field stations have amount that has already been withheld and what struck me the most ·while poring had substantial 'Staff reductions in both -applied against the overpayment. This ap­ through the ·President's budget fpr Fiscal Years :1.979 and 1'980. plication of the regula'tion could be changed fiscal year 1981' were the number of by ah internal determination of the VA. but In .Jantl8.l:Y 1978, DVB regional offices "ifs." The 'budget deficit will be $15.8 it has been unwilling or unable to do so. In billion if no supplemental defense began to receive their TARGET equipment. the interest of equity to the veteran I feel At that time the .anticipation was .that the you, as Representatives of Congress, should budget is proposed. There will be no use ..of T AR.GET would be fully implement· consider legislation that would direct. the tax cut if the long-expected recession ed in some .stations, other than the original VA to refund amounts that have already doesn•t come. What would domestic test .stations. b¥ :the lall of 1978. This equip. been withheld in cases where the VA deter­ budget levels ·be if this wasn't an elec- ment was supposed :to .allow the r.egiona1 of.· mines that. a waiver should be granted. tion year? · · fices to do their work in a shorter· period of time with less ~ manpower. Had this expecta-· The other service of{icers have already ·ex­ The following article is a good over­ t.ion become a realitY.. the staffing reduc­ pressed their dismay and concern over the ·view of the budget from which to tions suffered by the DVB Iield stations be· Improved Pension program. I can add little derive "ifs•• of your own: to what has .alr.eady been said other than tQ ginning in October 1978, woulc:r-bave been £From the Ne\y York Times, Feb. 3, 19801 balanced Dtit. In reaU:ty the TARGET pro­ assure you that the AMVET~ share the con­ gram has been running far behind the origJ. cern of 'the .other .service organizations over THE BUDGET: NOT AS TIGHT AS IT ·LoOKS nal time frame .that was planned for Jt. Un· . this pr-ogram. Changes by Congress in this Tuesday, Febnmry 5, 1980 dar 1981-7.3 percent and 8.6 percent. re­ TARGET system? spectively. For its own purposes the Veterans Admin­ • Mr. MURTHA. Mr. Speaker. - last In this troublesome economic setting, istration has divided the United States into Saturday I ·gat ·UP .about .5 a.m. and President Carter's 1981 budget promises three regions; Eastern, Central and West­ had the pleasure .of traveling to a very large real increases for defense spending as em. Iowa is .k1 ithe teentra:l region. The cen­ special place in the 12th Congressional a whole" and for all major defense pro­ tral region was to fully implement District-Gobbler's Knt)b. There I grams, through fiscal 1985. Most nonde· TARGET before the other regions. Within went to see the only authentic ground­ · f.ense .programs are to be sustained at their the central region the first ·three regional current levels. adjusted for inflation, but hog weather forecaster-Punxsutaw~ offices to fully implement TARG:ET were some will be curtailed in. real terms'. Few Chieago, Cleveland '8Jld Detroit. ·Chicago is ney Phil. new initiatives are proposed-all . to be · working <>n fully implementing the use of As many people know. I have an­ phased in. .alowly over several years-and na­ TARGET: Cleveland and Detroit have not nounced. my ·support for President tional health insurance, a major past com· started working with full Jlnt.>lementation as carter for reelection, but I think there mitment, is delayed until fiscal 1983. yet. Wher.e doe$ ,tJhat leave regional ~ffices is a strong tide in my district showing The new budget provides only modest such as Des Moines or the regional of.fices support for Punxsutawney Phil for antirecession support to the economy. It in other regions? It leaves tbem with staff. proposes to delay the timing of any tax cut 1ng lelrels tJhat I believe were largely ·estab­ President. In fact. I .saw hundreds of I to the 1982:-85 period in ~rder to·reduce the lished on tbe tpremise that they would h~ve ·sign8 promoting his candidacy. do 1'981 budget '-its lowest level the TARGET ,system is not going to be side .of the area. but he. is definitely Bince fiscal 1974. ·A sharp reduction .in 'the available ta them within the foreseeable making an impact in central Pennsyl· budget deficit is viewed...as a necessary com­ future. The end result is that the veterans vania. mitment toward reducing inflation. and the families of veterans are the ones Such a reduction in the deficit, tf that suffer; To the best of my knowledge For the few who may have missed it, here is Phil's ,official 1980 forecast. achieved, is the result of massive· tax in· the Chicago Regional Office is still experi· creases, rather than of severe spending re­ encing significant problems because of the Hear Ye! Hear Ye! To all faithful follow­ straint. Hence, the Federal tax 'burden, "bugs'' still in the TARGET system. ers assembled here ·on Gobbler's Knob, and measured as a percent of total output. I wish to call your attention to another oo all befievers around the worl'd, I, Charles would reach a new postwar peak of 21.7 per· matter that concems ·me. Perhaps .I am M. Erhard, Jr., President of the Punxsutaw­ cent in an election, and possibly a recession using a cannon to kill a gnat by calling this ney Pennsylvania Groundhog Club, hereby year. to the att,ehtion of· members of Congress. proclaim that .at !this moment of 7:'29 a.m.. but when t see .the frustration and hardship EST. His Imperial Majesty, King Philip, has DEFENSE SPENDING that some veterans suffer I feel I am justi­ emerged from his 'borrow. .Judging from· President Carter has given top budget pri­ fied. VA regulation 967 deals with over­ what I have .observed from the Royal Wood_­ ority to large real increases in na.tional de­ payments · Olf benefits to veterans. Some­ chuck's behavior-and considering these fense spending for fisca.,l 1981 and for years times these :overpayments are made ominous words tilat Phil whispered to me ln to come; current Congressional and popular through no fault of the veteran and in Groun.dhog•ese, I m:ust now proclaim thi,s .semtiment provides strong support. Recent many cases the veteran does not realize that message from the King of all Weather Prog­ Congressional debates over the SALT IJ he or .she has been about 65 percent of its Vietnam War peak. fiscal 1980 levels in current dollars . if 1981 budget out­ important qualifications. First, estimates of tional defense spending continued to decline lays are to be held to $616 billion. · budget deficits 21 months into the future from 9.5 percent. in fiscal 1968 to 5.1 percent In reality, the 1981 budget is not quite as are always hazardous. They are subject to in fiscal 1979. This downtrend has now been tight-fisted -as ·seems to be implied by the estimating errors, changes in economic per­ reversed. In fiscal 1981, national defense figures. Federal budget accourtting provides formance and revisions in fiscal policy by outlays are scheduled to rise by $15.8 billion ways of funding · progra.nls without raisln:g the Administration and the Congress. Thus, to $146.2 billion-a real increase of 3.3 per­ offical budget outlays·. For example; the two years ago, the lnltial 1979 budget pro­ cent. Further real increases. of 4.3 percent 1981 budget outlays for ·energy include $1.8 Jected a deficit of $60.5 billion. The actual and 4.4 percent are planned for fiscal 1982 billion in revenues from government pro­ deficit was $27.7 blllion. Last year, the lnl· and 1983, respectively. du~tion and sale of·oil from the Naval petro­ tial 1980 budget proJected a· def~clt of $29 Since military personnel on active duty is leum reserves in California and Wyoming. billion which has Just .been raised to $39.8 scheduled to rise only by 14,000, or seven­ According to Federal budget accounting, blllion. tenths of. 1 percent, by the end of fiscal these revenues are not counted as regular . Second, in order to hold 1981 outlays to 1981, ample funding .- is available for sizable budget receipts, even though they are de­ $616 blllion, the new budget proposes $9.7 increases in all major defense functioll$, in· posited with the Treasury, but as "offset­ billion lri reduction of ongoing programs. eluding procurement of ships, aircraft, ting receipts," a form of "negative spend­ Most of these cuts would require Congre$­ weapons and delivery systems that have ing" or diiect funding that permits expan­ sionallegislation. They include savingS from­ long lead times. During the early stages of a sion of other energy programs without rais­ hospital cost containment and other medi· rapid defense buildup, expanding pipelines ing total budget outlays! care and medicaid reforms, $1.6 billion, for such long-lead items are often strained, reform of school lunch and child nutrition Payments of rents and royallties on the programs, $0.5 billion, reductions in school deliveries tali behind schedule, and obliga­ outer contfnental sheif, another large "off­ tional authority-the leading edge of de­ impact aid, $0.3 billion> and several other setting receipt/' are proJected to riSe to $6 programs that failed to gain Congressional fense · spending-far outpaces increases in billion in fiscal 1981, up by $1.2 bUlion from outlays. Thus, spending bulges toward the approval last year. Also included are $2.7 the current year. Net sales of financial blllion in "savings" from pay reform which end -of the fiscal year and shortfalls of assets, mostly. mortgages or mortgage-re­ actual outlays below budgeted amounts will be difficult to pass in an election year. lated,' by such-on-budget lending agencies as Last but not least, if the sharp reduction · would not be surprising. the Government National Mortgage AssOci· Yet there are reasons for expecting future in the 1981 deficit is achieved, it will be due ation <$1.1. bllllon in fl$cal 1981> and the to massive tax increases-not to tight spend­ upward revisions in the 1981 defense Farmers Home Administration <$3.3 billion> budget. President Carter has proposed com­ ing restraint. Previously passed Social Secu­ are·also an offsetting source of fundirig that rity tax increases for 1980 and 1981 will add prehensive military' and civilian pay reform reduces recorded budget outlays. legislation. Comparability would be broad­ $15 ·blllion to fiscal 1981 receipts; Two large ened to include pay as well as fringe bene­ The 1981 budget contains a much higher increases. raise the taxable earnings base fits and compensation would be based on level of such outlay "offsets," and it relies from $22,900 in 1979 to $29,700 in 1981, and private-sector as well as state and local gov­ much more on off-budget loan guarantees the combined tax rate rises next January for program support, than this - year's from 12.26 percent· to 13.3 percent. ernment pay. budget. Thus, the new budget sustains the The results of this reform hav.e been built The proposed oil windfall profits tax adds· real support levels of most nondefense pro­ another $14 bllllon in fiscal 1981, and a into the defense b~dget: average pay raises grams despite the high inflation cost of the of only 7.4 percent for the military and 6.2 speed-up tax collection, slmilar in its impact relative tightness large countercyclical increases in ~employ­ that it provides a concise discussion of Another $2.4 blllion is needed to meet ment compensation, . food stamp benefits lm~rt~t issues which will affect the higher net interest payments on the rising and other income-support programs, and it country in the Immediate future. 1964 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 5, 1980 The article follows: Organization of Petroleum Exporting Coun­ Of all th.e presidential candidates, only (From the New York Times, Aug. 20, 19791 tries. Rep. John Anderson· has had the courage to Inaction on the auto front, combined with advocate what many see as only comn:i6n CAR Irm 4 SALE. 0RIG OWN a push to produce synthetic fuels, means sen.Se. A 50-cent-per-gallon gas tax would that we are making national decisions to put raise approximately $55 l;>illlon per annum, WASRINGTON.-Signs Of gloom are all America's energy in foreign cars, to favor could reduce consumption by about 10 per­ around the automobile industry. foreign' Jobs over domestic ones, and to cent and Is an absolute mlnlmum. A $1-per­ Foreign cars now claim one-quarter of the invest on a large scale in the South and gallon tax, phased in over three years, once-chauvinistic American market. In May, West while ignoring the struggling cities of would be more appropriate. In Europe, gaso­ a single month, Japanese auto imports the E':ast and Midwest. line taxes amount to $1.50 to $2 per gallon, grossed $1 billion. Meanwhile, Ford's share Isn't It time we reconsider?• with a per-gallon price at the pump of $2.50 of the market continued to slip, so that this to $2.70. Europe's per~pita consumption is protid company is no longer making money 40 percent that. of the United States' not on Its domestic operations. Chrysler is on WHAT WE SHOULD DO only because people drive less but because the edge of despair, fighting to make pay­ long ago t,hey switched to small, fuel-effi­ rolls and keep the wolf from the door. By HON. JONATHAN B. BINGHAM cient automobiles. the beginning of this month, Chrysler was The proceeds of the gas tax should be petitioning the Government for outright fi­ OF NEW YORK used partly to fund increases in defense nancial assistance. American Motors Is sell­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES spending, partly to lower taxes on business ing m·ore Jeeps than cars. And during July, Tuesday, February 5, 1980 in order to increase capital investment and when General Motors, the healthiest, was productivity· and· partly to help lower­ laying off thousands of workers. The Wall e Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, Felix income groups by financing mass transit Street Journal was advertising, ironically, a Rohatyn has been , instrumental in and lowering Social Security taxes. used Volkswagen diesel for "$9,800 or the helping New York City avert financial <4> A slgnlflcant gas tax would do more to best offer." catastrophe. In last Wednesday's strengthen the dollar and give OPEC long­ What we face Is not an auto-industry Washington Post he offelted a pro­ term confidence in our currency than any problem but a national economic crisis. other single economic action available to us. Transportation experts agree that the auto­ gram to strenghen this Nation by It should set the stage for a dialogue with moblle is here to stay-but It may not be an countering the .dangerous economic OPEC aimed at changing our payments for American make. and national security effects of our oil from freely convertible dollars to long­ In fact, the huge synthetic-gasoline pro­ heavy dependence on imported oil. I term bonds guaranteed by the U.S govern­ gram, under discussion could well end up commend this important article to my ment. The proceeds of these bonds could be fpeling the sales of Toyotas, Datsuns -and colleagues and other readers of the used only to purchase American commod­ Volkswageri.s because foreign manufacturers CONGRESSIONAL RECORD: Ities or manufactured goods over a period of are well ahead of Detroit's in the race to years as the bonds mature. WHAT WE SHOULD Do build the auto of the 1980's. As an inducement to such an arrange­ The automobile industry, counting suppll· Our commitment to protect the oil re­ ing for a target of 27.5 five years hence. five years we would mortgage to OPEC half sources of the Middle East benefits Europe These standards anticipated a marketplace the productive capacity of this country, and Japan at least as much as It benefits us. that Detroit's planners failed to see, and are bunt up over 200 years, to pay for oil is obvi­ They should, therefore, pay their fair share. responsible for Its salvation today. Those ously absurd. This situation Is as dangerous As p&J1 of the mutual security arrange­ near-term standards ought to be accelerated to our system, and as unacceptable to our ments with Egypt, Israel, Saudi Arabia -.nd as advocated by the former Transportation security, as would be a Soviet prescence in Jordan, any · American troops stationed Secretary, Brock Adams. In addition, the Saudi Arabia. there should be evenly matched by Europe­ Administration should draw on the powers <2> Domestic inflation and our economic an forces financed by Europe and Japan. Congress already has granted and set a new posture are a basic factor in our internation­ The U.S. nuclear umbrella must stay over target of 50 miles per gallon by 1995. al security posture. Our economy Is the Europe, but the free ride on the ground foun~tion upon· which our. security Is built. must stop. THE CARROT This foundation is shaky. The United States <6> Committing large sums for training To meet the 50-miles-per-gallon goal, De· cannot finance . (1. rearmement program of young blacks, Puerto Ricans and Chicanos troit will need help in capital formation. the type envisaged by tl).e admlnlstration by Is meaningful only 1f jobs are available to The accelerated shift to light­ OPEC to hold on to Its dollars 1f we contin­ are a service economy Instead of a manulac­ er-weight materials, better transmissions ue to give in to runaway inflation that has turing economy. This is highly questionable. and more-efficient engines will add a $50 btl­ two main components: energy consumption We need-a balanced economy, both serv­ lion burden to the auto industry that it and government spending. Ices and manufacturing-with the emphasis, cannot carry without Federal help. The United States is not a credible part­ however,. on manufacturing. This is the best A carefully designed package of industrial ner, economically or militarily, unless It way to provide employment opportunities to and consumer tax incentives would make takes concrete action to reduce drastically the. minorities and the underprivileged. this quick transition possible-saving at energy consumption and to strengthen its Such a policy may require certain limita­ least one million jobs and two million bar­ currency.·Comtng off the high end' of a bust­ tions on free trade, which can be a price rels of oll·per day by the mid-1980's. All this ness cyCle with a $40 billion deficit is not re­ worth paying. Free trade, in any case, is will be saved but something even more. im­ assuring. ·something we practice whlle others only portant will result-the financial and indus­ <3> There are only two ways to reduce do­ preach it. trial base to market the revolutionary mestic energy consumption both drastically . <7> The economic forces being generated breakthrough in auto technology that we and soon: gasoline rationing or increasing in the United States will increasingly divide are awaiting. No one yet knows whether it the price of gas with a substantial tax. mu­ the country between haves and have-nots. will span an ·electric, hybrid or gas-turbine mately, both may be needed. With the addi­ The region where most of our oil and gas engine, or what. But we know we must have tional financing reQuirements for defense, a are produced will now be the recipient of It and that It should not use on from the gas tax seems to, be the most logical answer. most of our defense contracts. In addition to February 5, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1965 the severance taxes charged by the oil-pro­ still retain a shread of conscience. are Afghanistan in order to stop the inereasing ducing states to the consuming states, there having a difficult time reconciling activities of CIA gangs." will be the drain of tax dollars to Georgia, themselves to the Jnundation of Red Maoist and Peking-line parties strongly Texas and California for defense. Half this condemned "Soviet social-imperialism." The country-the half wher-e the sun shines­ Army troops to put down a popular Communist Party, Marxist-Leninist will produce oil and guns; the other half­ mass rebellion involving some 90 per­ in its paper. The Call, termed the invasion the urban areas 'of the Northeast and Mid­ cent of the people of that country. "a blitzki-ieg of • • • massive proportions." west-wlll produce unemployment and These U.S~ leftists may agree that The can attacked the White House re­ slunis. socialism or communism is what they sponse as "mild" and one of "deciding which The windfall profits tax could not be ap­ would prefer to s~e in Afghanistan. Soviet Wrist to slap." Another Peking-line plied to the oil-producing states themselves group closelY allied with the CPML, the because of congressional resistance. At a but they think the people should· League of Revolutionary Struggle . at­ minimum, a certain proportion of defense somehow be t:eady for it and cooperate tacked the "flagrant" invasion as "part of contracts as well as subcontracts of the syn­ in its imposition. For these waverers. their pre:parations-for world war." fuel programs should be mandated to the who find no pretense of even a Com­ Maoist, Albanian-line parties attacked the urban, impacted areas of the Northeast and munist-dominated popular front In U.S. and USSR almost equally. The Revolu­ Midwest. If we are to survive as a Union of support of a Marxist· revolution a.S in tionary Communist Party (RCP> declared states, then there has to be a balance as to Cuba or Vietnam or Nicaragua. the In­ the Soviet Afghan invasion "imperialist;" but burdens and benefits. stitute for Policy Studies and its said the U.S. "Is an equally vicious wolf ln <8> This country faces major challenges ln Transnational Institute have 'provided the moves toward world war." the coming decade without a foundation of Trotskyist communist groups in general consistent domestic or foreign policy for a the solution: Shut up and make an ac­ have maintained their semi-suicidal tradi­ base. Double-digit Inflation is not abating, commodation since the Soviets will tion of uncritical support of the Soviet nor is a meaningful reduction of energy CQD· never withdraw. Union In all confrontations with non-com­ sumption t«klng place. The wage-price The connections of the Institution munists. 1 guidelines are as irrelevant to wages and for Policy Studies/Transnational In­ In a front-page ~ditorial, the SwP .news­ prices as the windfall profits tax is inele­ stitute with the Soviet KGB and with paper, The Militant- U/18/801 said the vant to production and consumption of "dirty and mul)ie:rous" Afghan "right-wing energy. the Cuban regime have been well doc­ umented. As analysts on both sides of guerrillas." Said the SWP: Wage and price controls are not a long­ "With this powerful array of intemation8J term solution, but a 6-toi12-month wage­ the Atlantic have observed, IPS/TN! forces ranged against the revolution, the price freeze should be considered to provide serves as a source of proposals, lines, Afghan government turned to the Soviet a relatively stable pause during which the and suggestions that if offered directly Union for aid. Money and advisers were pro­ adnilnistr~tion and Congress can debate and by the KGB or an official Soviet prop­ vided. When it looked like the imperialist­ arrive at a sensible, Interrelated set of poli­ aganda source would be immediately backed foroes might pull off a bloody Chlle­ cies for the.1980s. style counterrevolution right. on its south­ Policy is a fabric, a tapestry in which all dismissed by free world liberals. strands are interwoven, linked to each The following survey and analysis of em border, Soviet troops ~e in. other, clearly describing a basic posture and the U.S.-left reaction to the Afghani­ "So· the issue is not Soviet intervention, but a growing U.S. intervention-aimed' at direction. We have no such tapestry. The stan invasion by the U.S.S.R. appeared taking back the gains won by the Afghan State of the Union message concentrated on fn the Information Digest, published masses-that finally forced the Soviet gov­ what'might happen but is not likely to-i.e., by John Rees. Soviet expansion Into the· Middle· East oil ernment to respond.'' fields. It ignored that which is inevitable The article follows: The Trotskyist Workers World Party but which we have no answers for-i.e., re­ AFGHANisTAN SPLITS U.S. LEft ·characterized the invasion as a,. "ne­ ducing energy consumption and paying for cessity" that "can be justified only on the what we uSe, reducing Inflation and paying The massive ipvasion of Afghanistan by basis of the grim alternative which would for defense; protecting the dollar and giving over. 80,000 Soviet troops at the end of De­ fall on the beleaguered people of Afghani­ a future to the young black, keeping this cember has caused shock waves among the stan shoUld the counterrevolutionary forces Union viable and united. members of the U.S. left. tn general. those be permitted to triumph." Ahd as for the Those are some of the inevitables we face, parties and groups that were able to swallow Spartaclst League , a front-page article and those are only a few~ What is certain is the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia tn in Workers Vanguard U/11/801 headlined that we are living at the end of an era: the 1968 and accept the effort to crush the pre­ "Hail Red Army!" and commenced, "The ef­ era of Keynesian economics, growth with viously Soviet-supported MarxiSt Eritrean fective deployment of. thousands of Soviet limited Inflation, cheap and plentiful guerrillas in Ethiopia have had little diffi· t~oops in Afghanistan is one more stinging energy, U.S. economic domination of the culty in backing the Red Army's invasion of humiliation for American imperialism in the Western world. If we are to be in control of Afghanistan. Near East... our destiny as a viable democracy in a state The Communist Party, U.S.A. The American voter is usually far ah-ead toward the various· Marxlst-Lenii'llst regimes were critical, wtth the RSL's Toreh [Jan. 15 of his leaders. ., He is entitled every four 1n Kabul. On 12/28/'19, a banner headline to Feb. 14. 19801 stating, "The' Russian years to his IllOSt precious right: namely~ to asserted, "Soviets Call Afghan Intervention ruling class has launched an tmperiallst in- ask those who propose to lead jUst what it is a Lie." However the text of the article was a vaalon." - they propose to do. The· answers, so far. report on an Oil, Chemical and Atomic As fOr the institute for Policy and both by Republicans and Democrats, have Workers strike. In .the same issue, a page 5 its newspaper, In These Times [Jan. 16-22, ·not been inspiring.e arttcle by Tom Foley, the Daily World's for­ 19801, they take the line that the USSR has eign .affairs writer, asserted ihat the sadly been fo~ to take such an unpopular .. Afghan revolutionary government has action by their humanitarian concerns for. AFGHANISTAN: WHERE U.S. been consolidating the gains It has made the success of the reforms of the Peopl-e's MARXISTS STAND since April 17, 1978, when the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan. Democratic Party of Afghanistan came into ~ Halliday, a London-based fellow of power." The article went on to Q~te Presi­ the Transnational Institute , IPS's HON. LARRY McDONALD dent Haftzollah Amin on economic benefits foreign affairs project, and a long-time con~ OF GEORGIA of the takeover by his Marxist-Leninist tributing editor to the Middle East.. Re­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES party and his statement that ·"the Afghan search and Information Project people are keeping a watchful eye over the which supportlt every Soviet-backed revolu­ Tuesday, February 5, 1980 U.S. naval bulldup in the Indian Oce~ and tionary and terrorist group in the- Middle e Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, the Persian Gulf." East from the Palestine Liberation Organi­ Soviet invasion of Afghanistan has The next day, 12/29/79, The Daily World zation to the POLISAIUO. blames been accompanied by the applause of headlined "New Afghan Government the Soviet invasion on Saudi Arabia and Formed." The article blandly noted that Pakistan. Writes Halliday, the Soviet Union most U.S. Marxist and Marxist-Lenin­ ''The former Afghan leader, Hafizollah was forced in by the strength of the ·inter­ ist organizations. Even the Trotskyite Amin, was found guilty of crimes against nal reaction and by the alleged assistance Communist parties spch as the Social­ the Afghan people and was executed by sen­ provided to the anti-communist guerrillas ist Workers Party-SWP-have com­ tence of the revolutionary court." by Pakistan and Saudi Arabia. mended the military invasion as a pro­ The Communist Labor Party . a Since Halliday's article [to be expanded gressive step. But some of the more small pro-Soviet splinter group, also toed for _the next iSsue of New Left Review] Is a thoughtful U.S. Marxists, some who the line that "The Soviet Union went · tnto well-constructed piece of disinformation and 1966 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 5, 1980 propaganda. a clQS:er:exJUf)irll;tlon .of. its .~n­ force of Islamic counter-revolution in Af­ Each year from March through No­ tents Is warranted: ghanistan itself, appear likely to force them vember, "Mother Hen" provided boat­ "* • • in the 20 months since the People's off the course they have chosen." ers with needed weather and fishing Democratic Party of Afghanistan hAd come Other U.s. leftists who normally collabo­ reports and res_p<)nded to calls for as­ to. power in a revolutionary coup of Aprll rate with Soviet-inltiated -c:Usarmament inl· 1978, much of the countryside-where 87 tiatives and who were active in the anti· sistance. On numerous occasions, Mrs. percent of Afghanistan's population live­ Vietnam movement have c1rculated a call Scott gave those in trou~le life-saving had risen in revolt. Afghanistan fa an ex­ for Immediate withdrawal of Soviet troops ald. serving as ·liaison between the tremely conservative country and the PDPA from Afghanistan. They state the invasion Coast Guard and boats in distress, and had. alleJl&ted even those who might stand "presents a new threat to world peace and contacting doctors during medical to benefit most from it-the rural poor-by will speed up the already insane arms race· emergencies. She also served as a pushing through feforms without proper with diversion of more and more of the clearing point for the transmission of preparation. This applied to such measures· world's resources from human need to the vital messages from ship to ·shore. as the eQualization of nationalities, and the war machines." virtual abolition of the bride price, but Signers of this call include Don Rose, Clti· Blanche's dedication and commit­ above -all to the land reform decree of De- zens Party; Sidney Lens, MobWzatlon for ment to the fishermen of South Jersey cem~r. 197~. · Survival : Shirley Lens, chair, .Women was equally matched by her pleasant "But even if these reforms were bureau­ for Peace: Paul Booth, AFSCME staff; Dr. manner and ·special sense of humor. cratically and at times coercively tmp(,sed. Quentin Young, C90k County Hospital; Ed She was a loving and devoted wife and few can doubt that they were changes long Sadlowski. assistant director, USWA Dis­ mother, and wll1 be sadly missed by overdue in Afghanistan, • • •. The underly­ trict 31: lawyer Richard M. Gutman: John her countless friends. New-Jersey will Ing cause of the resistance was the fact that Rossen:· Jane Kennedy and other Chicago long remember Mrs. Scott for her val­ these reforms threatened entrenched social area activists. interests: those of tribal chiefs and land­ Groups of Afghanis resident in the United uable service to the maritime commu­ owners, those of village elders whose ar­ States; mostly students, have held demon­ nity and for her unselfish devotion to rangement of marriages-was an Important strations· and vigils outside the United Na­ those in need.e source of social power, and those of all the tions in New York and near the Afghanistan rural population who lived off smuggling to Embassy in Washington. There are an esti­ Pakistan and resented any form of govern- mated 2,000 Afghanis living in the U.S., and KHOMEINI, MOSCOW, AND RU.· ment control.·• • • · nearly all of the 300 who live in the Wash· MORS OF WAR: WILL THE IRRA· "1'hls . counter-revolutionary tendency ington area turned out for a January 4, TIONAL ENGVLF US? could not have gained such a widespread 1980, protest near the Soviet Embassy. hold on the country bact it not received sub­ Many Afghanis in New York and Wash· stantial support from abroad. The refugees lngton have expressed fear · of being fol­ HON. JONATHAN B. BINGHAM who moved over to Pakistan, many as part lowed and harassed by Soviet intelligence OF NEW YORK of an annual migration pattern. were given agents assigned to the very large staffs of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES money and shelter by the government the Embassy and U.N. mission. They also Tue8day, February 5, 1980 there, and allowed to set up m1lltary camps are afraid of being infiltrated by Iranian from which to operate. • • • other oppo­ agents and supporters of Ayatollah Kho­ e Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, on nents of the Afghan government supplied meinl who would try to take advantage of January 20, 1980, Dr. Matthew Ies aid to the rebels. Saudi Arabia, Iran and the substantial Persian-speaking minority in Spetter, leader of the Riverdale-Yon­ Kuwait provided financial aid, and Ch~a AfghanJStan to increase the anti-American kers Society for Ethical Culture, gave long term military ally of Paklstan's-pro­ sentiments in the resistance movement. a stimulating and thoughtful address vided arms to the guerrlllas as well as send­ Meanwhile ·groups that have previously Ing Instructors to Afghan rebel bases at supported Soviet "peace" ·inltiatives such as on the subject: "Khomeitrl, Moscow, Mlranshah and Chltral on the Pakistan the · Women's International League for and Rumors of War: Will the Irra.. border. • • • Peace and Freedom and Women tional EngUlf Us?" "There Is then considerable support for Strike for Peace , are trying to fore-­ I co~end to my coll~agues and the thesis that the- rebellion was sustained stall any U.S. Persian Gulf militarY buildup. others the following outstanding ex­ from outside and that without this support The .old Coalition for Peace in the Middle cerpts: it would never have posed the threat to the Ea.St in w}Uch WILPF and WSP played le&.d­ EXCERPTS FROM DR. MATTHEW IES SPETTER'S PDPA that prompted Russian interventiol}. tng roles, already has been transformed into ADDRESS . Had the Pakistanis disarmed the refugees the Coalition for Peace in Iran md Afghani­ and sealed the frontier-the normal proce­ stan to meet the new "burning lssue.''e MAJOR CHANGES dure for a state in such a situation-then I see five major areas of change which there would not be Russiari forces in Af. need comprehension if ever we are to .get ghanlstan today." TRIBUTE TO "MOTHER HEN" ·beyond the era of the balance of teROr. The internal contradictions of IPS/TNI's 1. We are in a time of a truly demonic~ Halliday regarding his admission that virtu­ spiral of nuclear weapons: Almost each year ally 8'1 percent of the Afghani people had a weapons system becomes obsolete, because risen in revolt against so-called "reforms" OF NEW JERSEY the USSR has found a counterweapon. Se· that ·were coercively imposed, that the pres­ IN THE. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES curtty based upon weapons Is once and for ence of large numbers of Afghp.nis in Paki· all finished. A new norm of global security stan is partly due tO a normal annuaflnigra. Tuesday, February 5, 1980 must be developed. SALT II waa Just a first tion pattern, and his claim that these 87 • Mr. HUGHES. Mr. Speaker, I would step. percent of the .Afghani people· are merely like to take a moment to express my 2. We are facing a proliferation of nation "entrenched . social interests" or "smug­ deep sorrow over the passing of Mrs. states, even though old-fashioned sover­ glers" are obvious. et.gi}ty is untenable. Those states emerge · And . what response fa appropriate? Halli­ Blanche Scott of Margate, N.J., on No­ .amidst fierce collectivist or religio-political day's Implied solution could be summarized ve:tpber 19, 1979. Mrs. Scott, affection­ nationalism. This means the end of power as "scratch and get glad." He writes: ately known to her friends as "Mother politics. AB the so-called "nuclear club" "The Russians have paid a high price for Hen," provided valuable assistance to grows giving even the tinlest nation incredi­ Plelr Intervention. They will have to remain the sports fishermen· of South Jersey ble power, we need ideas for a pluralistic in Afghanistan for Quite some time before by steering them safely through rough world, not one of power blocs. . the regime is firmly enough established, and seas during inclement weather and 3. With the immense population growth the cost in lives and money will be consider­ everywhere we now confront the fact that guiding them to prime fishing waters about fifty mlllion people starve to death able. • • • the Intervention in Afghanistan over her citizens band radio. is neither a reckless venture nor one· from eachyear. - which the Russian leaders will Quickly re-­ For many years, Mrs. Scott managed 4. From this _fact emerge ideologies wl)lch treat under pressure. her marine radio station from Scott's are neither Marxist nor capitalls~a new Dock, a marina owned and operated by war of ideas 1s upon us. For about three • Blanche and her husband, Ray in hundred years the West could count upon "The demonic picture of Russian policy Marga~e. Originally just a hobby, her the wealth of colonies. That day is past. on now current In Washington as a result of should teach us our vulnerabUlty and de-­ the Intervention In Afghanistan is therefore volunteer radio communication service pendence-. an unfounded one. The Russians may have soon offered full-time assistance to 5. We live in common deadly peril. Inter­ had the misfortune to intervene in a U.S. boaters and fishermen whose CB nal stresses such as between the two dicta­ election year, ·but neither the ·an-informed radios lacked access to ·tlie information torships, China and the USSR, face us with [sic] hysteria this has generated, nor the available on VHF channels. a new kind of political warfare that can February 5, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF RE~fARKS 1967 easilr boil over into military confrontation. Have you ever tried to argue with a con­ THE NATION'S CAPLTAL HONORS The old ideologies have lost their hold, new vinced communist about the Soviet Union? PEACHES AND HERB symbols for world order. are more urgently You may be arguing, but he is in possession nee~ed than who inakes a "killing" ga,m... of a true faith. You may objectively seek bUng on the stock or gold markets. some position but the communist knows the HON. WALTER E. FAUNTROY THE SOVIET MOTIVES truth. he knows where history ls going. His OF THE DISTRICT OP COLUMBIA Crucial is· the question: is the Soviet loyalty is not. to such a que.st, but to some­ lN TilE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Union following a plan for world domina­ thing he considers a higher goal. He ·may Tuesday, FebruaT'/15, 1980 tion, is Afghanistan just a stepping-stone? If betray you for that higher purpose and yet so. how can the West respond effectively? feel morally superior. Brezhnev may lie, but e Mr. FAUNTROY. Mr. Speaker, it The Soviet sphere of influence has grown in the communist rationale that is not a lie, gives me a great·deal of personal pleas­ from Vietnam, to Cambodia, to Afghani­ but a tactic to ac}lieve "socialist" progress. ure to join with the Mayor of the Dis­ stan, ' to· South Ymen and, with the help of So with the military strategy of the USSR, I trict of Columbia, the Honorable the Cubans, to· Ethiopia. Will the road to am afraid. It is based upon a rockbottom Marion S. Bfl,rry, Jr., in saluting two of Paris and London, as Lenin said, lead via faith of serving world history. Ultimately at the most talented individuals and resi­ Asia? Many think so. President Carter ha.S ·all cost. That is what we are up against. dents .of our Nation's Capital-Linda ordered a halt to all negotiations with the Mar.tin Buber wrote a splendid essay on Russians on military matters. .SALT II has Greene and Herb Fame. Toge,ther been put on ice. · this very issue. He called it "Against the they are known as nationally and in­ Generation of the Lie.'' Obviously not only ternationally famous entertainers Mr. Brezhnev says "nothing of the sort." the USSR is guilty of using the lie. Buber "It was no simple decision for us to -send under tbe name of Peaches and ·Herb. Soviet military contingents to Afghanistan," said that the prevalence Qf lying tD today's They have taken the message of he said. He denied that he was aiming for world is removing the basis of life. It is a way of controlling others by an even greater America throughout the world and Pakistan ·or Iran or fOr the Western oil re­ were the first black American group to sources. He was invited to come into Af­ lie, which then becomes the delusion of col­ lectivities. It becomes a means 'of justifying perform in the People's Republic of ghanistan by Mr. Amin-the former ruler­ China. They have achieved 'outstand­ then came in and promptly executed Mr. power over others; of oppression; of main­ Amin. and his family. Alf this-Brezhnev taining superiority. When an individual man ing success and the recognition which said-"oecause Afghanistan had become a or woman lies, ·he sooner or later has to the people of Washington accords seat of serious danger to the security of the come to terms with reality anyway. The lie them is well deserved as they are hon..­ -Soviet state.'' will boomerang. Without a return to truth ored for· their · contributions to our In what way did the USSR feel threat­ there is no partnership and without that ·we Nation and to the city which they call ened? Was it fear that the fanatic fervor of cannot live. home. nattonalistic Islam would infect Soviet Mos­ But coll~tivities and nations may even PEACHES & HERB DAY-A PltOCLAMA.TION. lems as well? Had they .written Mr. Carter seek that isolation which the big lie creates. Whereas, Peaches & Herb, nationally and off as a "lame-duck" President anyway and It reinforces even further the feeling that felt that in the political vacuum, until tHec­ internationally known entertainers, are resi­ tions in the USA, they could increase their they stand alone against the world Thus dents of our metropolitan Washington area; positioll$ of power? FOR A NATIONAL STEEL vergence of meaning here. To the USSR de­ at last we address the social and economic POLICY tente meant reducing the danger of nuclear misery at' our doorste.p with out productive war. .we looked upon it as an instrument for means and identify with the people's needs. a changed ·soviet•West relationshiP.. The HON. EUGENE V. ATKINSON All-pervading irrationality and national­ Russians explicitly rejected that interpreta­ OF PENNSYLVANIA tion. What. they called "national liberation ism are obstructing toda'y's view of a better struggles;' would get Soviet armed support. world. But only when we break out of the lN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thus they did not inform the USA when mythology and tx:ibalism will there be a Tuesday, FebruiLT'/15, 1980 the Arabs launched the Yom Kippur war in secure future In the nuclear age-the safety 1973' with vast Russian mmtary aid; thus namely of a human community in which we e Mr. ATKINSON. Mr. Speaker, in a th~y Intervened in Angola and helped Viet­ will be free of the terror of nuclear arms, a continuing e~fort to draw attention to nam Invade Cambodia. By taking Afghani­ human community in which we need not the great need for a national steel stan they could both confront China, which fear that our children and grandchildren policy, I would like to reprint a section borders on it; and get even closer to the oil will be threatened by annihilation but wUl of -a publication, "Steel at the Cross­ of the Persian Gulf. Afghanistan is not all roads," published by the American that important, nor are its eighteen million instead be able to build the satisfa,ctions of their human fulfillment in a sane order. Iron & Steel Institute. Thi.s publica­ largely Ullterate, poverty-stricken people. tion -is an informative work of great Was Russia performing the opening move That ls the t:oot that must nourish us, that In the chess game that will, before too long, is the loyalty that must bind us and these scholarship. The AISI is to be com­ topple other feudal monarchies of the Per­ are roots and loyalties far stronger and far mended for their hard work and for ~Uan Gulf, especially Saudi Arabia? Within more important than the abstractions of na­ their.considerable expertise. I refer to the c-ommunist ideology that would be tions and powerblocs. We may not give up a chapter which is devoted to the need rational. on that vision.• for radical improvements in capital re- 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 5, 1980 covery tax laws for the ·steel Industry. lng needs of $6.5 bllllon per year during the "useful Uves", the American steel Industry This part of the publication, which I next decade. · · has been burdened with low capital recovery Inadequate funds have severely con- allOwances. Most nations. however, have not urge everyone to read In full, refers to strained the steel industrY's abilitY to meet employed "useful llfe" or physical concepts the Capital Cost Recovery Act. The its capital requirements. The two major but rather have used rapid capital recov.ery Capital Cost Recovery Act would help problems have been triadequate rates_· of as an economic tool to promote accelerated provide the needed capital that is es- return and tax laws that impede capital re~ capital formation and Increased producttv­ .sential to . the revitalization of the covery. A-sizeable Increase In the Industry's lty. For example. In some countries, caplt,al steel industry. It also refers, In~ ,debt/equity ratio-from 35 percent in 1969 expenditures are treated as any other ex- the burden placed on an already to 42 percent in 1978-has been required to penditures and can be deducted In -the year straining Industry by federally re­ supplement retained earnings and funds incurred. In France, ~taly, and Sweden, capl- , available from capital recovery merely to ac- tal' recovery allowanCe& In the first 3 years quired pollution control expenditures. compllsh the relatively low level of spendJns exceed 75 .· percent of capital expenditures I have cosponsored . the Capital Cost that has occurred. Since there has been es- . . In Canada, full capital recovery is per­ H.R. 5394 which allows for rapid de· years, the use of reinvested earning& and mitted 1n approximately 2% years, com­ preciation of federally required . ex­ debt to finance capital expenditures for re- pared with over 10 years In the U.S. V~ous penditures. While I favor enactment placement demonstrates that capital recov- estimates 1nd1cate that this more rapid capl­ of the general . capital cost recovery ery has been Insufficient for its intended tal recovery 1n Canada would lead to a leglslaticm. I even more strongly urge purpose. return on investment at least a third higher Capital recovery has not been sufficient. for a plant bullt on ·the north shore of Lake that the Government provide tax for the following reasons: Rates of capital Erie as compared to one bullt on the south relief for the burdensome environmen­ recovery are too slow under current tax shore 1n the U.S. <50 mlles away>. This 1n tal requirements which we have placed laws: capital recovery based on historical part. explains why The Steel Company of on one of our most vital Industries at a costs Is inadequate to fully cover replace- Canada, Ltd., has a fully Integrated plant time when that industry can least ac­ ment at today's lnfiated costs: and capital under construction on the north shore of commodate them. recovery funds have been diverted to meet Lake Erie at Nanticoke, Ontario, whlle U.S. I insert In the RECORD, at this point: imposed environmental standardS, rather Steel Corporatlrovided ·bY the investment tax its capital requirements come from three recovery presents a maJor problem 1n any credit contribute to the capital available to principal sources: <1> capital recovery ; <2> reinvested earnings (net expenditure program . because enormous 1n ·productive facilities. The credit also par­ Income less dividends>; and <3) Issuance of cash shortfalls occur 1n early years. These t1ally offsets the Inflationary effects of de­ debt and/or equity. In the case of the steel shortfalls can be recouped, but at a mucb- ferred recovery of capital investment. The Industry. these funds are necessary for re- later time. · . credit. obviously. is of greatest benefit to placement. expansion. environmental, and This long time frame has even more pro- cipttal-lntenstve industries such as steel. non-steel capital expenditures plus debt re- found impllcations 1n an inflationary econo- where the need for. investment ca&>ital is tlrement and increases 1n working capital. my. Since capital recovery Is based on his· largest. .ln the final analysts, capital outlays and torical costs. only part of the cost of replac- The Investment tax credit should be made capital availability must be' 1n balance, with lng wom-out factiities is recovered. Over th~ · fully available as expenditures are incurred the amount of capital avail&ble determlnlng past ten years, plant and equipment CQSts and should apply to all property, rather the-extent to which capital requpoements - have almost doubled.• Thus, If $100 were than Just property having a normal con­ are met. spent 1n 1968 to buy two pieces of Identical struction period of two years or more. Fur­ _, One way to view the balancin&' of capital equipment, by 19'18 the capital recovery ther, the annual Umitatlon on the ututza­ needs and sources ts to match each type of from the original $100 expenditure would tion of the credit all have shorter tax Uves. would be a maximum utilization of the payment, working capital Increases, and the benefit 1n years when capital expenditures expansion of the enterprise. TABLE VII-1.-STEEL HAS ONE OF THE LONGEST CAPITAL are at the highest levels and funds are most The relationships described abQve do not COST RECOVERY PERIODS · needed. provide any funds for environmental retro- · 3. u.s. corporate taz rata fitting of existing facilities. Normally. envi- fluidef1111- High corporate tax rates constrain enter- ronmental expenditures are Included In . lives-years • modernization and thus financed with capt- ~------~--_..:...--:-- prise expansion by reducing net income and · reinvested earnings. Further, 1n current cir- tal recovery. Howeve~. retrofitting of exist- Assets used in tbe manufactull ~ a.o cumstances. where capital recovery is not ~::CS~!~ar~ n::: ~~~ ;:::,_~=~~~! ==.~~~.:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: · 9.5 sufficiently rapid and companies are Often ~~~ ~!pi~~~g~~v~~~~c~~f a~:u:~n: =2,;~::~~~::::~::::::::=:::: ~~:g ·~~~~:n~0t::S~~~::~an~~!q~p~~':t offset these retrofitting costs. Accordingly, =~~.:::::::::::=:::::::::::::::: · ll& :~~ltf~:o~te tax rates impose severe

.. u•• ••: •• ucts ••ta .. .. met~~ ~~~~~~~~m~a~~~~:e~:ec~rcfs~~without foregoing other capital needs, ~St~ee1it~.r.od ~.-.·.~.·.·.·.·.~.:.~.·.::.:. ·~.:.:.:.:.:.:.~.:.:.:_::.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.~.:.:.:_:_~.:"::. tiHs.. o co~S:at~~::mated ·by the r:~~:~Canadian Departmentr::~~~~o:!t~ of Pi- unless added revenues are provided through Cement ...... -...... "...... 20 0 f ti rice Increases Average for all manufacturina industries...... 12.0 nance, e fee ve corporate tax rates on man- P . · · · ufacturers' book profits· are 10 percentage B. PAST BALANCE OF CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS AND lActual tax depreciation .lives could vary plus or minus 20 percent. points lower in Canada than In the U.S. for CAPITAL AVAILABILITY IN - THE AMERICAN Source: u.s. Department of the Treasury, Internal Revenue Service. representative states a.Ild provinces. . Of been formulated based on the concept of In the province of Ontario.> this amount. only $2.1 billion per year was "useful life". Since the Congress has viewed One special feature of U.S. tax law that spent for replacement of steel-producing steel industry facilities as having long unfairly reduces internal cash generation iJ facilities. This compares with $4.4 billion the minimtim tax on items of tax prefer~ per yea, needed for steel equip- · •Chemical Engineering Plant cost Index, Mays; ence. Designed to ensure the payment of at ment replacement. and total capital spend- 19'18. least some taxes on Income, the minimum February 5, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1969 tax was liltended to remedy abuses that with hls death, Shelkov endured · to put this prohibition into law. H.R. clearly were not of corporate origin. Too nearly 25 years of imprisonment and 6012, which I have cosponsored, would often the relationship between tax prefer­ 10 years of forced hiding. It has been accomplish this goal. I urge, the Ways ence items and a company's or4lnary tax lia· bility generates an unexpected minimum said that Shelkov may have been the and Means Committee to consider this tax liability. This occurs when net income model for the saintly Baptist in Solzh· bill in the near future. levels are depressed while tax preference enitSyn's . "One Day in the Life of While only those indiViduals and items remain at or near normal levels. Thla Ivan Denisovitch" true or not, the couples whose ·income including half was not the intention of Congress and there characters of the two men are, unques- · of social security benefits is. greater 1s no Justification for the continued applica­ tionably, cut from the same mold. than $7,400 would be taxed, according tion of the minimum tax to· corporations. Shelkov was adopted as a prisoner of to· the Council's own estimates. this The law should be repealed or amended to conscience by Amnesty International would affect 10.6 D)illion of the 24.2 remedy this mis-application. in 1978 because all of his arrests were mllllon couples and individuals collect­ 4. Depletion "clearly for the exercise of his right to lng social security. The average tax in· The percentage "depletion allowance for freedom of conscience." A letter from crease for those people would be $350 minerals has provided an effective economic 53 American Congressmen was sent to annually. Even the Council admits benefit to the extractive industries. It Leonid Brezhnev In April 1979, ex- that those living on social security should be retained at least at current levels. Furthermore, the effectiveness of this provi· pressing the concern of the Congress benefits are having a hard time keep­ sion should not be impaired by the mini· for Mr. Shelkov•s condition and re- tng pace with inflation because the mum tax, particularly since the tax laws on questing his release on humanitarian cost-of-living increases are given only perc~ntage depletion_contain a direct llmita­ grounds. No response was ever annually. Yet, the Council suggests tion of such deductions. receive$!. that senior citizens living on fixed in- 5. Impact of current U.S. tax provisions Last month, -I received word that comes should pay increased taxes. Vladimir Shelkov was gravely ill and This proposal would increase Gov­ In summary, current U.S. tax laws are not had requested medical assistance, but, ernment revenues by $3.7 billion annu­ designed to enhance capital recovery. This according to State Department ally. However. there are many other imposes an unnecessary burden on U.S. cor­ porations attempting to compete with other sources, this ·assistance was denied to sources of inoome that are - lost world industries. In addition, by discourag­ him. Now. he is dead. It is worth through. tax expenditures which could ing capital expenditures, specifically capital noting that. before levying sentences be eliminated. The increased revenue replacement, the lower rate of capital recov­ in political trials, Soviet judges confer from closing just the following four ery in the U.S. slows improvements in labor with and actually receive instructions loopholes would be $5.538 billion. productivity, energy efficiency, pollution from representatives of the party ap. O> Elimination of country club member- control, etc.-all of which are made possible paratus. Therefore, the fate of Vladi· ships as a business expense-$38 million. by installing technological up-to-date mlr Shelkov must be seen as repre- <2> Elimination of business meals for en­ equipment. Current capital cost recovery in sentlng official Soviet. policy and the tertaining clients as a business expense­ the U.S. is slower than that of most of its Soviet Government bears the responsi- $2,000 million. trading partners. This slow capital recovery bllity for his death. The callous atti- <3> Elimination of taxation of income goes a long way towards explaining the de­ tude of the Soviet Government toward earned abroad by u.s. corporations until clining U.S. international competitive posi­ human rights, exemplified by the mis- that income is returned to this country- tion in recent years. Faster capital recovery $480 million. is essential if the U.S. is to re-establish itself treatment of Vladimir Shelkov, can <4> Percentage depletion allowance for'oil, as a viable competitor in the world only harm relations between that gas and mineral companies- $3,020 million. economy.e nation and the rest of humanity. I can Totals-$5,538 million. only hope that the outcry against this VLADIMIR SHELKOV and other outrageous abuses will lead I do support the Council's recom­ the Soviet Government into conform- mendation that cost-of-living increases HON. PETER A. PEYSER ance with the ideals and policies of the be given semiannuany rather than an­ world's civilized nations.e nually. As the Council points out. the OF NEW YORK gap between the time prices rise and IN THE HOUSE OF REPREsENTATIVES when the cost-of-living increases are Tuesday, February 5, 1980 PROPOSALS TO TAX SOCIAL granted iS 15 months. Given the high SECuRITY BENEFITS e Mr. PEYSER. Mr. Speaker. & few rates of inflation. this leaves those days ago, I was deeply saddened by the living on fixed incomes unprotected news that Vladimir Shelkov. the 84- HON. DAVID E. BONIOR from inflation. H.R. 2139, which I. year-old Russian leader of the Seventh· have also cosponsored, would imple­ OF MICHIGAN ment this recommendation. I urge the day Adventist Church, had died in a · IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Soviet labor camp. · Ways and Means Committee to pass it Mr. Shelkov was convicted last Tuesday, February 5, 1980 as well. summer of "anti-Soviet activities" in e Mr. BONIOR of Michigan. Mr. Our senior citizens have faithfully retaliation for his lengthy role as a na­ Speaker. the Advisory Council on paid into social · security -' for many tional religious leader and for his Social Secutlty. which Congress estab­ years. They deserve to know that their active encouragement of religious in­ lished in 1977. has released its report. benefits will be paid and will keep pace struction for children through Sunday One of the most controversial provi­ with inflation.e · school classes. This -activity was re­ sions is the ·recommendation to tax garded as so subversive and dangerous half of social security benefits. This RECOGNIZING SRI LANKA'S to the Soviet state that it sentenced an would amount to a huge increase in NATIONAL DAY elderly clergyman with a weak heart taxes for many collecting social secu- · to 5 years at hard labor in the winds rity. t totally oppose tllis recommen­ and snows of Siberia. This sentence, dation which would tax those least HON. THOMAS-S. FOLEY which was charaCterized by Nobel able to afford)t. The American public OF WASHINGTON . Peace Prize winner Andrei Sakharov has paid into the social security IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES as "illegal and monstrous," would system with the belief that the bene­ seem to have been carefully calculated fits have been earned and already Tuesday, February 5, 1980 by Soviet authorities as a de facto taxed. For this reason. they believed • Mr. FOLEY. Mr. Speaker, it is again death sentence. that social security benefits would not my pleasure to recognize February 4 Vladimir Shelkov•s final arrest and be taxable and we should not change as the "National Day of Sri Lanka," conviction was the culmination of a that policy now. now celebrating the 32d anniversary of lifetime of religious persecution by the Presently, the prohibition on the its important shift from British colo­ Soviet Government. Beginning with taxation of social security benefits is nial rule to full nationhood. This inde­ his first arrest in 1931 for "counter­ an IRS ruling. I do not believe that pendent, forward-moving, democratic revolutionary crimes" and ending only this is a sufficient protection. We need nation stands as an example of pro-

CXXVI - 125 - pt. 2 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 5, 1980 gressive government, under which the criticized the·budget proposal for cu~ been created through a failure to look quality of life has steadily improved. ting domestic assistance programs, im­ behind the numbers and the rhetoric. I am certain that I express the feel­ plementing policies which will increase The employment budget and policy is the clearest example. First, ~he Administration ings of many Americans in marking unemployment and recommending a which demanded flexibility in the Hum­ with admiration. the achievements of massive, long-term increase in the phrey-Hawkins Act timetable, used· that this multiparty democracy.· In seven military budget. We criticized policies flexibility rather than offering alternative elections, control of government has which have increased official black un­ economic policies. After' following economic changed hands six times. Yet, these employment from 11.4 percent in No­ policies which are creating a recession and transitions did not interfere witli the vember to 12 percent in December to increasing unemployment in an ineffective ongoing national commitment to im­ 12.6 percent in January, with even. effort to stem inflation, it tells us ·that 4 proving the basic human conditions: higher unemployment predicted, and percent unemployment is an unrealistic goal which have totally ignored the Full for 1983. The Administration also assumes In 25 years, Sri Lanka has achieved a "high employment" to be a 5.1 percent un­ literacy rate of 78 percent, decreased Employment Act of 1978. The full employment rate, in direct contravention of infant mortality and population caucus statement analyzing the fiscal the Full Employment Act.. growth by significant increments, and year 1981 budget follows: If the white male, unemployment rate made equally important strides in im­ CONGRESSIONAL BLACK CAUCUS ANALYSIS OP could stand at 3. 7' percent at the end of last proving the diet and life expectancy of PREsiDENT'S FISCAL YEAR 1981 FEDERAL year, why cannot the same be done for the its people. Earnest efforts to ,expand BUDGET PROPOSAL rest of the Nation? It is not inflationary to hire Blacks, women, Hispanics and youth and improve economic opportunities The President's fi~?cal _yea:r: l!l81 Federal Budget is an unmitigated disaster for the who could produce needed goods and pro­ continue to move ahead. These are vide needed services. Are Blacks to stand truly noteworth achievements: Sri poor, the unemployed and minorities. The silent when the official Black unemploy­ Lanka has succeeded where many budget is deceptive and the American ment rate rises from 11.4 percent in Novem­ others have failed. people have been misled as to its meaning. There are real cuts in domestic program ber to 12 percent in December to 12.6 per· ' Confronting its economic situation, spendihg, budget policies which will · in­ cent last month?. Sri Lanka has made impressive adap. crease unemployment and a massive ·long­ The budget actually reduces the number tations. A healthy growth rate, in term increase in milltary·spending. Yet, the of Job slots under the Title VI public service today's generally poor economic cli:­ President's budget has ·been presented to Jobs program. By providing fun98 for only mate, ·is the result to a large degree of the American people as one which continues 450,000 jobs slots under the Title 11-D and current services for domestic programs Title VI programs, it provides for less than the important steps recently taken to one-half of the level authorized by law to stimulate investment and savings. Free while making modest defense spending in· creases. respond to the unemployment rate of '1.5 market forces have been accorded a percent which the Administration, itself, stronger role through policies de­ Nothing could be further from the truth. predicts. This is a budget which will, by the Adminis­ signed to create positive incentives for tration's own admission, increase unemploy­ What of the new $2 billion youth employ­ development. These policies have ment by 1lfa million persons to '1.5 percent ment program? Only $300 million of that caught the interest of· foreign inves­ by the end of 1980. amount is requested for youth employment tors, as manifested by their involve­ . programs in fiscal year 1981, and only $100 This is a budget which has the. Adminis­ million, or about 9.8 percent above current ment in over 75 new industrial proj­ tration postponing the Full Employment outlays,. will actually be spend in fiscal year ects. Private capital has clearly been Act's unemployment target of 4 percent un­ 1981. Most of this coming year's nioney­ attracted by the prospect of a stable employment for two more years untn 1985, $900 million in budget authority-is to be economic atmosphere, and thus also and the inflation target of 3 percent for five spent for training through the same public the prospect of greater employment. years until 1988. schools which have failed to train too manY Sri Lanka's rich and diverse culture 'ntis is a bq.dget which not only increases of our young people in the past. In addition, has been known and respected by the the military budget by 5.4 percent about in­ because the program Is forward funded, it flation rates in fiscal ye~ 1981, but then would not become fully operational until United States for many years. It is locks in an additional 4.8 percent in fiscal fiscal -year 1982. The· number of service therefore important to note its . com­ year 1982, 4.4 percent more in fiscal year years under th~ Youth ~ployment ~d mitment to the political and economic 1983, 4.2 percent in fiscal year 1984, and 4.~ Demonstration Project Act, summer youth values that are so important to main­ percent more in fiscal year 1985 with only aild Job Corps programs aet'ually declines taining these traditions. the passage Qf the fiscal year 1981 budget. from 404,000 in fiscal year 1980 to 403,000 in Finally, I am not alone in respecting This means the military budget which stood fiscal year 1981. ai $127.8 billion in 1979 will be over $248 btl- But most of all, the misdirected economic the genuine independence which lion in fiscal year 1985. · marked Sri Lanka's recent chairman­ policies which have put youth. unemploy­ This is a budget which as a whole contin­ ment ai 16.3 percent, Black youth un­ ship of the world's non~lined move­ an4 ues at a current services level, but which, employment at 3'1.2 pereent in January, will ment. I think it is safe to suggest that because of the massive defense increase, lead to an increase, rather than a decrease, this leadership embodied the princi­ clearly cuts social programs below even the in the youth unemployment rate. ples which originally gave the broad­ levels they were only cut to last year. Our young people are being told that based organization its . st~rring a~peal ThiS is a budget which claims to initiate.a money can be found to send them to war to so many diverse and strongly inde- new $2 billion youth Jobs program. but but not to put them to work. They are held pendent nations. · w~ch actually will give half that amolplt to hostage to the military budget. school systems for ·. illusory benefits, and I ex~end my congratulations to all of Much is also made of the housing budget. provide few new Jobs or training opportuni­ We are told that the number of subsidized Sri Lanka on this imp_ortant date, and ties with the other half. In fact, there will housing units will Increase by 24 percent to my best wishes for a future that builds be a devasting two year delay before the 300,000 for fiscal year 1981. Yet 300,000 sub­ upon the many successes of its past.e program becomes effective. sidized units is what the Adrilinistration And this is a budget which, because it im­ cla.imed it was providing for fiscal year 1980, plements the same ineffective economic but provided money for far fewer, and only CONGRESSIONAL BLACK CAUCUS policies of the past several years, .will nei­ 240,000 are now expected to be produced. ANALYSIS OF THE PRESIDENT'S ther reduce unemployment nor inflation And the· 300,000 figure was itself roundly FISCAL YEAR 1981 BUDGET nor the deficit. In fact, at the same time as criticized last year as a slgnWcant ·decrease PROPOSAL the Administration continues to call "infla­ from the 400,000 subsidized units provided tionary" spending for the programs which for in recent years. could make the unemployed productive, tax­ There are further deceptions in a budget HON. CARDISS COWNS paying ·workers, it massively increases de­ which claims to hold poor people harmless. 01' ILLINOIS fense spending, the most inflationary and The budget for the revenue sharing pro­ all. iN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIV~ . waste-ridden Federal expenditure of gram, set again at $6.9 billion, does not add And by focusing on the deficit, which the any money, much less the in~ease neces­ Tuesday, February 5, 1980 COngressional lJudget Office and many sary to cover inflation. So-called "Cash e Mrs. COLLINS of Illinois. Mr. economists say has little effect on inflation, Management .Initiatives", whereby tax re­ i.t ignores the very reason for the budget­ ceipts will be collected e~lier in the year, is Speaker, the Congressional Black the well-being of our people. used to create the illusion of a lower-deficit. Caucus today presented its initial Why has the public been led tO believe These manipulations of budget figures are analysis of the President's proposed that this budget proposal makes little still being analyzed, but the massive in­ fiscal year 1981 budget. Our statement change from last year? That impression has crease in the ·military budget at the same February 5, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1971 time as the overall budget remains level regulatory agency's ruling-we may Broadcasting, a subsidiary of Westinghouse tells us that there are many more real cuts ·have the imposition of a political and Electric. Back about the ti.Dre General Tire in domestic programs. ideological point of view instead of was tWisting the arms o~ a · few advertisers, The military budget Is most frightening of Westinghouse was involved in the notorious all. Prepared even before the Russian inva­ reasoned judgment in a major Govern­ electrical price-fixing case. In 1978. Westing­ sion of Afghanistan, the military budget ts· ment decision~ I think that even the house entered a guilty plea for faJUng to dis­ increased over 5 percent beyond tnfiation. possibUity of such an imposition close $323,000 in foreign payments. Yet And Secretary of Defense Brown has al­ should concern every American. Westinghouse Is qualified to continue in the ready informed the House Armed Services At this time, I wish to insert. in the broadcast business but RKO General is not. Committee that he will be back ·for further RECoRD, "By Favor of the King", the It Is by no means clear, by the way, that supplemental requests during the coming Wall Street Journal, February 1, 1980: Mr. Mugar will succeed in his effort to get months. [From the Wall Street Journal, Feb. 1, the Boston license. Another group, Hub When we read that other countries have Communications, has also put in a bid. Mr. subjugated domestic needs to their military 19SOl Mugar has, however. linked up with a third machine we should understand that that Is BY FAVOR OF THE KING group, composed of blacks and MIT profes­ exactly what this budget Is doing to·our own Last week the Federal Communications sors, to get the advantage of a movement country. Commission issued a press release ftntng toward more minority ownership of broad­ Most terrifying Is that this Is really a wa­ RKO General some $400 million and kick­ cast licenses. RKO Is of course appealtng in tershed year for the military budget. If Con­ ing it out of the broadcasting business. the courts. gress approves this 5 percent real increase. Eventually the FCC will get around to writ­ If the FCC bestows these licenses on the it Is setting in motion weapons and person­ ing a formal decision explaining why. challengers. it will be making them instant nel .expenditures which will require in· The attempt to explain this arbitrary millionaires, Just as its decision puts RKO creases of at least 4 percent each year action should make amusing reading. Fotir out of the broadcast business. This has been through fiscal year 1985 and beyond. of the seven commissioners decided that a historical pattern with government pro­ The American public must become in· RKO no longer "qualified" to. hold broad­ tected monopolies like broadcast licenses. It volved in the debate on this budget. The cast licenses for its TV stations in Boston, Is Just as in the olden days when the king shape of our lives for many years is at stake. New York and Los Angeles-and by exten­ would take the salt monopoly from one and for many,_ if not' all of us, it' is our very sion presumably for its other 13 licenses to courtier and bestow it on a new favorite. lives which are at stake.e come up for future renewal. The other Surely there must be a more civilized way­ three commissioners disagreed. So did the auctioning off the licenses probably-to FCC Broadcast Bureau, and an FCC admln· make such decisions. PERSONAL. EXPLANATION lstrative law Judge who reviewed RKO's When decisions are made by court politics, qualifications. Both had recommended that it is always difficult to discern precisely HON. TOM CORCORAN the'licenses be renewed. what has happened. But we would feel a RKO's probletns started some 11 years little less uncomfortable about this case and OF ILLINOIS ago, when supermarket heir David Mugar those potential new Boston millionaires IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES set his eyes on its license for WNAC-TV in were it not for a couple of facts. The presi­ Tuesday, February 5, 1980 Boston. His challenge to the license was dent of RKO is Frank J. Shakespeare, head going nowhere, so he hired Terry Lenzner, of the U.S. Information Agency in the last e Mr. CORCORAN. Mr. Speaker. due former counsel to the Senate Watergate Republican administration. And the Chair­ to a . previous commitment in Illinois CoDliJl,ittee, and Washington reporter Scott man of the FCC is Charles D. Ferris, whose on January 23. I was unable to be pres­ Armsttong, co-author of "The Brethren," to previous job was as general counsel to ent and voting on House Resolution see if they could dig up some dirt on RKO. House Speaker Tip O'Neill, Democrat of 513. the rule· providing for considera­ RKO is a subsidiary of General Tire and Bo.st~n.. · Rubber. According to the FCC press release, tion of H.R. 4 788, the water resources in the early Sixties General Tire pressured development bill. If I had been pres­ various companies to advertise on RKO sta­ SENDING A SIGNAL TO THE ent, I would have voted for the resolu­ tions as a condition of doing business with PHILIPPINES tion.e the parent. This was nearly 20 years ago. It was settled in a consent decree with the Jus­ tice Department in 1970, many license re­ HON •.TONY P. HALL IS THE FEDERAL COMMUNICA­ newals ago. OF OHIO TIONS COMMISSION MAKINO In the general purging of pre-Watergate IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES POLITICAL DEClSIONS? morality, General Tire alSo was found to have been involved in. some bribery antiCs of Tuesday, February 5, 1980 the sort that most companies felt were nec­ HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL essary to do business in countries like Ru­ • Mr. HALL of Ohio. Mr. Speaker. I OF ILLINOIS mania, Morocco and Chile. It also confessed was disheartened to learn that the ad­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to a slush fund for political contributions, ministration is seeking congressional the contents of which never exceeded approval for fiscal 1981 of $25 mlllion Tuesday, February 5, 1980 $25,000. It seems that RKO delayed telling in grant military assistance for the e Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, the Fed­ the FCC that its parent was being investi­ Philippines. This is the same amount eral Communications Commission gated by the Securities and Exchange Com­ successfully sought for fiscal 1980. recently announ~ed it has fined mission. But eventually the SEC pro­ The administration also wishes to con­ nounced itself satisfied with General Tire's tinue foreign mUitary sales credits for RKO General $400 million and confessions, and a settlement was reached. stripped that ·company of its television For these sins, the commission press re­ the Philippines in fiscal 1981 at the stations. Put more .simply, the FCC lease declares, RKO is "unqualified" to fiscal 1980 request level of $50 million. has declared war on RKO. General. · retain its licenses. "The company could not The fiscal 1981 administration The Wall Street Journal recently ad­ be trusted in the fut\lre to operate WNAC­ budget tequest for military aid for the dressed this ruling. I believe that what TV in a manner consistent with FCC stand­ Philippines carries out the gentle­ the Journal has to say is worth consid­ ards." men's agreement between President eration by anyone interested in the re­ Dissenting Commissioner James H. -Quello Carter and President Marcos that the lationship · between Government and accused the maJority of "gross bureau­ administration would use its best cratic overkill." H.e added. "none of the alle­ industry. The editorial raises. the seri-. gations against the parent company, Gener­ effort to obtain certain security assist­ ous question that far from being a de­ al Tire, impacted the broadcast subsidiary ance funding for the Philippines over cision based on the relevent facts, the or affected broadcast service. RKO stations the 5 fiscal years following ·the base FCC ruling is quite possibly based on have a long history of renewal in the public agreement between the two countries political motivations. interest. They are broadcast pioneers with concluded in early 1979. The text of In any event, I want to take this op­ over 25 years of meritorious broadcast serv- the President's letter of January 4, portunity to place the editorial in the ice to the public."' · 1979, to President Marcos in which he RECORD. If, indeed, the Wall Street Business ethics of course need to be po­ discussed this commitment follows at liced, but the General Tire problems have Journal's arg'Ument is even near cor­ been adequately dealt"with by the appropri­ the end of ·my remarks. This state­ rect, this case should be watched close­ ate agencies. In any event such offenses ment of intent on the part of the ad­ ly as_it continues-RKO General will strike us as small beer. and on altemate ministration was not part of the Mili­ fight the decisions in the courts. We days the FCC itself seems to agree. This tary Bases Agreement per se, nor dld may have something more than a week lt approved licenses for Westinghouse It specify. for example. that $25 mll- 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 5, 1980 lion in grant military 'assistance would must apply pressure upon Marcos ·to allies for other positions In which the be sought in fiscal 1981. hold free elections so that the Filipino United States may be exposed. Any such Last year, during' committee consid­ people can determine their own desti­ review brings you quickly to the PhiliP­ eration of military aid· for the Philip.. ny in a democratic climate-while that pines, where President Marcos is nearing the end of a decade of military rule and pines, I offered an amendment to is still a possibility. where assorted kinds of opposition-church reduce grant military assistance to It will be argued that we cannot cut and secular, political and milftary, lower­ that country by $7.9 million. This military assistance because that assist­ class and · middle-class, MarxiSt and amendment was adopted by the Sub­ ance is necessary to the Bases Agree­ Moslem-are bubbllng up all around committee on Asian and Pacific Af. ment. We &)ready have a Bases Agree­ Regrettably, very llttle of this sentiment fairs, but later overturned by the full ment with the Philippines. Military as­ was allowed to be expressed in the local Foreign Affairs Committee. sistance for Marcos was not a part of elections that Mr. This year, I intend to offer an the·official agreement. If we cut a sig­ Marcos staged over the weekend It was not amendment in committee to make a nificant amount of that assistance, we simply that his candidates, using the formi­ lp are not going to lose the bases. Indeed, dable advantages his. rules ensured them, substantial reduction grant military swept most contests. Mr. Marcos also failed assistance for the Philippines. IIi my even under the terms of the Presi­ to persuade the principle opposition parties opinion, the need for such a cut is dent's letter to President Marcos, that it was worth their while to compete at even more compelling this year. there is no requirement that we pro­ all Simultaneously, he launched a dialogue A significant cut in military assist­ vide a specific amount of military as­ on "polltical nonnallzation" with his long­ ance would be a signal to two elements sistance in fisca11981. Let the admfnls. Jailed chief political rival, Benigno Aquino, in the Philippines. First, it would tration's "best effort" bear fruit in an­ whom he even freed for three weeks to con­ signal the Marcos regime that the other year, after martial law has been duct his own polltical soundings. But nei­ ther the elections nor the nonnallzation United States wants to see martial law lifted and the democratic processes p.m.bit, which most Fllipinos seem to have lifted and democratic processes and fully restored. If the bases are in our dismissed as a snare though it has not yet civil liberties fully restored. Second, it vital security interests, let tis not lose been played out completely, indicate any would signal the growing opposition them in the long run through the ap.. more than a slight and tentative readiness forces in the Philippines that the plication of a policy that seeks to save on Mr. Marcos' part to try to defuse the United States does not wish to be tied them in the short run. popular explosion that almost all experts to the repression of the Marcos gov­ A thought-provoking editorial in the belleve.is otherwise a near certainty. ernment. Washington Post of February 5, 1980, The U:riited States, by the military-bases In 1979, we saw the failure of bank­ outlines ·well the framework within agreement it made a year ago, accepted a certain obllgation not to hassle ·the Marcos rupt and shortsighted policies which which the United States should devel­ regime, in public anyway, for its ·perceived tied the United States to the shah in op its policies with the Marcos govern­ internal fallngs. Bases aside, · President Iran and to Somoza in Nicaragua. The ment. I commend ·it and tlie Presi­ Marcos has earned further American grati­ media is far ahead of both Congress dent's letter last year to President tude and discretion by offering major help and· the administration in pointing to Marcos to the attention of my col­ ~ receiving boat people and by voting right the Philippines as the next "Iran" or leagues: in the Security Co~cil on Afghanistan­ "Nicaragua." Will we be left holding TRI: WHITE HOUSE, things like that. American officials can see the bag in the Philippines, too? Washington, Januaf114, 1979. that the Fllipino opposition 18 building and President Marcos is a wily and skill­ President FERDINAND E. MARcos, that it tends to hold Washington responsi­ Republic 0/ the Phtzippinea, Manila. ble for the government's undemocratic ful manipulator of world oplnton. He DEAR MR. PusmENT: I was pleased to ways. Yet they view the problem less as knows when to release political prison­ learn that our negotiators have reached hedging against a possible future disaster ers, hold bogus local elections, ·and agreement on an amendment to the 1947 than as balancing out a set of competing in­ otherwise ease up on oppressive poli­ ~tary Bases Agt:eement. terests now. cies.· He also may be the ·beneficiary In llght of• this development, I wish to In the current calculus, the emphasis of this year of the heightened security state that the .Executive Branch of · the American policy is inevitably on ensuring consciousness which seems to be United States Government will, during the continued security cooperation and demon­ sweeping the country in the· wake of next five fiscal years, make its best effort to strating the benefits and reliability of the obtain appropriations for the Philippines of American connection. We don't quarrel with the. Russian invasion of Afghanistan. the following amounts of security assist­ this emphasis. But we would like to hear Given the turmoil in that part of the ance: the administration explain, perhaps in the world, the bases in the Phllippines are Military .Assistance---$50 million. testimony it Is about to offer the House, likely to assume renewed importance Foreign Military Sales Credits-$250 mil­ what it is doing to ensure against a backlash for those concerned about the strate­ Uon. some day from Mr. Marcos' domestic foes. gic interests of the United States. Security Supporting Assistance---$200 mil· The Philippines, unfortunately, is not the It would be tragic, however, if per­ lion. only place of which that question must be ceived short-term security interests In addition, the United States will give asked.e were to override our long-term rela­ prompt and sympathetic consideration to requests for SPecific items of milltary equip. THE PUBLIC DEMAND FOR MORE tions with the Filipino people. The ment to be provided under these programs, successors of Marcos no doubt will and to requests for the sale of other mili­ GOVERNMENT SERVICES AND recall the support given Marcos by the tary equipment which your government LESS GOVERNMENT SPENDING United States and hold the United may wish to purchase through U.S. govern­ States responsible for complicity in ment or commercial channels, consistent HON.EDWARDJ.DER~NS~ with the worldwide pollcies of this govern­ the abuses carried out under Marcos. OF ILLINOIS Ferdinand Marcos has interrupted ment with respect to the transfer of conven­ tional arms. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the democratic tradition in the Philip­ In closing, let me state once again that I pines. Cutting military assistance to appreciate your personal efforts in bringing Tuesday, February 5, 1980 Marcos would demonstrate that the these negotiations to a successful conclu­ e Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, the United States favors the early restora­ sion. I believe that the amendment to which Christian Citizen, published in Alsip, tion of that democratic tradition. our two governments have now agreed will strengthen the security not only of the Dl., is an innovative,. informative and In Nicaragua, Somoza succeeded in Philippines and the United States but also one of the leading Christian ne.wspa­ systematically repressing moderate of the entire Western Pacific region. pers in the country. Its editor and democratic alternatives to his regime. Sincerely, publisher, Rev. Donald M. Parker, in The Sandinistas became the only real JIMMY CARTER. his editorial commentary of February alternative left. A similar situation 1, addresses the public demand for could occur in the PhUipJ?ines. If de­ COURTING A BACKLASH? more Government services while com­ mocracy. is not restored and the mod­ After a year in which popular revolutions plaining of Government interference erate opposition has no workable al­ of the left toppled American-supported mar· and expanded .Government spending, ternative, a radical liberation front tial-law regimes of the right in Iran and which thus increases the inflation ·rate could become the umbrella for the dis­ NiCaragua, it is only prudent for Americans and cost to the public. I wish to Insert affected. I believe the United States to be checking the roster of friends and Reverend Parker's commentary on his February 5, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1973 solution to the steady growth of GoV·· Please, Government, stop giving us SQ fishing in the Fez; therefor~ the re­ ernment spending: much! We are being burled alive! Smothered maining 375,000 metric tons were not [From the Christi~ .Clt~ •.Feb. 1, 198~] by Big Brother's "kindness"!e allocated. The contemplated alloca­ tions would have amounted to 200,000 SroP GIVmo Us So .MuCH, PLEASE JOINT STATEMENT OF HON. metric tons in the Bering Sea; 150,000 · JOHN M. MURPHY, HON. JOHN metric 'tons ln the Pacific Ocean, off The cartoon below rather hits home. B. BREAUX, AND HON. EDWIN B. the coasts of California, Oregon. and doesn't it? Our wants go in two directions at -FORSYTHE IN REOAAD TO Washington; and 25,000 metric tons in the same ttme. Mutually opposed directions HOUSE CONCURRENT RESOLU· the Northwest Atlantic Ocean. at that. TION 223, TO TERMINATE A related area is that we all like "some­ It is estimated that this loss of catch SOVIET FISHING IN THE FISH­ to Russia is valued at between $50 to $65 thing for nothing." Yet; nothing ever comes ERY CONSERVATION ZONE really free. million. The Russians in the past have With ·every' government gtve-~way pro­ caught about 5 percent of their total gram there is an enormous price tag. Wel­ HON. JOHN M. MURPHY fisheries needs ln our FCZ. fare packages come gift-wrapped in pretty OF NEW YORK The Soviet Union's brutal aggression paper and topped with a neat bow. Most at­ IN THE HOUSB OF REPRESENTATIVES · tractive. But inside they contain rotting againSt Afghanistan has 8.lready re­ meat s~g with maggots. Tuesday, February 5, 1'980 sulted in a number of other retaliatory Welfare, Social Security benefits, farm e Mr. MURPHY of New York. Mr. actions. The President on January 4 subsidies. "guaranteed" or low-interest loans Speaker, in furtherance of the policies imposed a virtual embargo on grain have to be paid by someone. The cost or of the United States ·to apply appro­ sales and other critical export prod­ "guarantee" has to come from someone's ucts. On January 14. the United States pocket, from someone's labor and fruits of priate political and· economic pressure against the Soviet Union because ~f its joined 139 other nations in a United labor. Nations Peace Resolution calling for The more the public demands from its recent invasion of Afghanistan, today government, the more governmept in tum we, together with a number of cospon­ the immediate. unconditional. and demands from the public. "We want clean sors, are introducing a House concur­ total withdrawal of all foreign troops air and pure streams" means that the EPA rent resolution to· urge the President ln Afghanistan. On January 20, the and other regulatory comm.isslons. agencies to terminate the fishing privileges of President announced that unless the and bureaucrats are going to be formed. the Soviet Uruon in the U.S. fisheries Soviet Union withdraws its troops Government leeches thus are spawned, con­ unless the Soviet military presence in from Afghanistan by February 20, he suming precious' tax dollars, increasing in­ Afghanistan is withdrawn by February flation's impact and deficit spending. wm recommend to the u.s. Olympic 20, 1980. . Committee that our athletes not par­ More governmental "Thou Shalt Nots" are promulga,ted, putting businesses and Under the Fishery Conservation and ticipate in the Olympics to be .held-in consumers alike into ever tightening Management Act of 1976 . no Moscow this summer. strait Jackets. foreign fishing is authortzed within the 200-Mile Fishery Conservation The termination of the fisheries When government offlolals-bureaucrats agreement with the Soviet Union will and our elected legislathrs-can't balance Zone of the United States the budget with tax-dollar income, they unless a Govemlng International Fish· further underscore the deep concern spend beyond their means and make up for ery Agreement is entered into that the United · States has with re­ the difference by expanding credit and between the United States and the spect to the threat to world peace pumping more printing-press money into foreign nation concerned allowing posed by the Soviet aggression. It ·ts the· economy. This legalized form of govern­ such fishing. imperative that the Pr.esl.deht. transmit .ment counterfeiting keeps _inflating the the required 1-year notice to tenrii­ money supply to pay for the deficit-creating On November 26, 19'76. the United expenditures and give-away programs, States and the Soviet Union entered ·nate this agreement so that the Soviet whether nationally or· in foreign countries. into a GIFA that pemiits the vessels people will know once and for all that this is "foreign" aid par excellence! of the Soviet Union to engage in fish­ after this 1-year period there will be As a consequence, money Is cheapened­ ing within the FCZ for fish that are an absolute ban on Russian vessels in devalued-buying less in the market-place. surplus to the needs of U.S. fishermen. the FCZ for the remainder of the thus everything costs more. Even the so­ This agreement does not expire until agreement. Thus. pursuant to the re­ e&lled government freebies. July 1, 1982. quirements of the FCMA, no new Every year Social SecuritY demands more Pursuant to the GIFA, allocations of agreement could be entered into after from this country's most productive work­ fish have· been made to Soviet vessels the 1-year termination notice to allow ers. The' amount of wageS that may be taxed for the past 3 years. In 1977, 266 by Social Security and matched by employ­ Soviet vessels to again fish in the FCZ erS grows annually several thousand dollars. Soviet vessels were licensed to fish without the approval of - both the Because things cost more since it takes within the FCZ; they were allocated Hoilse and senate~ Indeed, this is the more and more of the ever-cheapening dol­ approximately 565,000 metric tons of way it should be because this is prob­ lars to pay for them, wage increases can various species of fish and actually ably the only way that Congress can hardly keep .up with inflation's demands. caught about 300,000 metric tons. have any direct_input in the deciSion­ Every wage increase puts the worker in a In 1978, 212 Soviet vessels were li­ making process concerning any re­ higher tax bracket, giving government more censed; they were allocated 580,000 sumption of Soviet fishing in our zone. tax monies in the proceas and ·setting the metric -. tons and actually caught wage earner further back In relation to It goes without saying thM; there must 370,000 metric tons. In 197.9-based on be congressional input in any policy take-home pay and his standard of living. preliminary figlires, 146 vessels were "Another day older and deeper in debt"! licensed; they were allocated over that would allow Soviet fishing in the With 1979 inflation running at 13.2 per­ 500,000 metric tons and actually FCZ in the future. This resolution is cent. the President urged a 7 percent wage designed to accomplish that purpose. increase limitation. guaranteeing a financial caught 310,000 metrics tons. setback for all. The same year the U.S. In 1980-based on preliminary fig­ Moreover, ·the termiriatlon will put House approved a $430 blllion "temporary ures, us· Soviet vessels were licensed other nations on notice that their fish­ addition" to the $400 billion permanent Na­ to fish and the total allocations would ing privileges in our waters may be tional Debt limit-a 71h percent Increase. have amounted to approxim:l,tely jeopardized if they take ·actions that Approaching 15 percent annually . inflation Is growing twice as fast as earnings, earnings which are of this amount, 75,000 metric tons - ~imilar situations. taxed at ever higher rates and consumed by were actually allocated in the Gulf of Alaska and the vessels had commenced Our plans are to brfug the resolution ever increasing prices. Frustration at wfiole­ before the House for a vote at the ear­ sale prices! fishing in the gulf prior to the Russian invasion of Afghanistan. On January liest possible date, and we· urge all See why Americans must begin paying less Members to give it their strong sup­ taxes? To force Federal Fat Cats to TRIM 4, the President announced that the their budgets ancl reduce Federal spending. United States would curtail Soviet port.e 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 5, 1980 NICARAGUA NEEDS AMERICAN in front of the National Palace to make the percent of Nicaraguans who are illiterate SUPPORT change of government official, welcoming will begin in March. Sandinista leaders and · their victorious All these improvements must be paid for army. out of production, which creates something HON. JOHN CONYERS, JR. But today the euphoria has faded. The of a dilemma for the new leaders, who have OF MICHIGAN country reels un,der the weight of the tasks promised much. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES., of recovering from the· ravages of war, pov­ "We can't afford to consume our resources erty, and neglect, and moving the revolution now. We must work and reinvest them," Tuesday, February 5, 1980 forward. says Henry Ruiz, the nation's new planning ·Mr. CONYERS. Mr. Speaker, by the Pride persists, however. "Our land, our minister. e revolution,'' billboards proclaim. The words end of February the House will c~nsid­ The country is potentially rich, and could are echoed everywhere. indeed provide the social goods....:.for exam­ er a $75 million aid supplemental to Especially noticeable is a tremendous feel­ ple, education, health care, housing, arid the people and Government of Nicara­ ing of relief. ~·we're not afraid any longer," some of the Jobs-that leaders now promise gua. Approval of this aid would be a a bellboy says. "Now we can go out at night if it can just get out of the current impasse~ hopeful, constructive step in assisting without wondering if we will return· home.~ produce enough to earn foreign . exchange, the Nicaraguan people in a time of says a businessman. repay the debt, and accumulate surplus. great need and in repairing the Just as widespread Is the deep sense of What Is .interesting Is that despite the damage resulting from three decades unity. staggering problems, the government and s'We all think of the revolution as our Sandinista leaders command the loyalty of of the Somoza dictatorship. chHd, and want to protect it, to give it a The 21!2 million people of Nicaragua, most of-Ni<;aragua's 2.5 milllon people. chance to grow. So we criticize everything, "The people trust the new government. having overthrown in July 1979 the but not the revolution," explains Eduardo After all, they were part of the insurrection Somoza regime, now face the enor­ Kuhl, a coffee grower and hotel owner. together,'' observes Mary Hartman, an mous tasks of ·national reconstruction. None' of this dimlnishes the problems ~erican nun who has been here for 15 Roughly three-quarters of the people facing NicaraguL years. are poor; 60 percent, it is estimated, The Sandinistas inherited a bankrupt "They aren't afraid of austerity·either, be­ are illiterate. Nicaragua's external economy. General Somoza emptied the cause most Nicaraguans always lived [with] debt, contracted under the former Treasury before he- fled, leaving $3.5 million it, along with repression. Now it's just aus­ regime, amounts to $1.5 billion, which in the banking system and a whopping $1.6 terity. And they are confident things will bllllon foreign debt. change." the new Government has pledged the Areas that we.re destroyed lt\USt be rebuilt. honor. The physical and economic Not ~. of course, are satisfie, were made eign trade. It extends credit for business -an· appeal for Americans to aid its an­ free. Unions, which were either powerless or ventures it feels are most needed-for exam­ tiliteracy campaign. crushed, now are· organizing furiously and ple, to produce necessities like food, cloth­ I urge my colleagues to review these have real strength. A h\mdred thousand ing, and medicine, and to market key export documents on Nicaragua, and support workers already have formed unions under products like cotton and coffee. And it regu­ the old supplemental: the approving eyes of the Sandinist~. and lates what is imported and exported. [From the Christian Science Monitor Feb. 1, 60,000 peasants have joined the farm work- It woos private enterprise with easy loans, 1980] er's union. good prices, and quick payment for products Elections are occurrmg in the "mass" or- the government tnen markets: thus ellmi­ NICARAGUA SETS OFF ON ROCKY ROAD TO ganizations and in loCal The Sandinistas promise a certain degree was presented with a Spirit of channeled through Humanitarian Aid to tionary process, and of the raising of politi­ Detroit citation, and Nicaraguan Democracy . Make cal consciousness and organization. It is felt Whereas the Nicaraguan people have checks out to H.A.N.D. Send funds to Na· that the city people who take part will get begun to reconstruct a new society of "Free· tional NiCaraguan Solidarity Network, ·De· an understanding of the working conditions dom, Justice and Peace," based on "The troit Regional Office, 1820 Mt. Elliott, De­ and life of the rutal wor)dng class, and a Recognition and Affirmation of Fundamen· troit, MI 48207. better understanding of the tasks of the rev­ olution. The campaign will bring the bene. tal Human Rights, both individual and col· Rev, JAIIIES ZELINSKI. lective," as spelled-out in the Statute on the fits of the revolution to the countryside, use Rights of Nicaraguans, and Regional Director. texts which will provide a political aware­ Whereas the distlngu1shed guests from ness to the illiterates on what has happened Nicaragua, Moises Hassan of the governing NICARAGUA LITERACY CAKPAIClf-PAcr Sin:ET in Nicaragua. and an understanding of the Junta of the Government of Reconstruction revolutionary process. It is expected that 1. Under Somoza 60 percent of the people many of the illiterates whose political con­ and Doris Tijerino of the Secretariat of Ex· of Nicaragua were illiterate. The 40 percent ternal Mfairs of the FSLN , are visiting tions. In rural areas most people only went Detroit in order to participate in the Second nized in the mass organizations which National Conference on Nicaragua: Now, people went to 6th grade. Hlgh schools were therefore, be it are organizing the campaign and are seen as not very common outside of the cities, and the essential defenders of the revolutionary Resolved. That the Detroit City Council In the cities most were private or Catholic extend a warm greeting of friendship to the process. schools, which charged tuition. In some '1. The campaign is being carried out aa people of Nicaragua through its dlstin.: rural areas, the recent literacy census has guished guests, Motses Hassan and Doris Tt· war on illiteracy-with the same seriousness found out, 90-95 percent of the people are that the war against the Somoza dictator· jerino; that it expresses lts continuing sup­ llllterate. According to 'the same cens'lis even port for the people of Nicaragua as they -re­ ship was fought. Volunteers are being orga­ tD Canada, the third largest city, illiteracy nized into Brigades and Fronts, with the construct their nation into one of "Free­ rate among youths 10-14 years of age, was dom, Justice and Peace•• and that it makes same names as the brigades and fronts that 43 percent-and this is the age range which fought the guerrilla war against Somoza. It its own, the demand of many concerned U.S. ordinarily has the highest literacy rate. citizens to their federal government for is designed to create that ~e fighting granting generous unconditional reconstruc· 2. The new Government of National Re· spirit which existed against the dictatorship tion aid to the people of Nicaragua. construction has decided to launch a mass, to battle as great enemy of the revolution, literacy campaign with the goal of teaching illiteracy and Ignorance. A literate, aware, 700,000 to 1 mlllion people to tead and conscious people is seen as the way to free­ NATIONAL NETWORK IN SOLIDARITY write. The Campaign will begin in late dom, to defending the revolution, and to WITH THE NICARAGUAN PEOPLE, March. or early April, when the rainy deepening it.e · Detroit, Mich. season ends, and run through August, when LETTER O:N LITERACY TO RESPONSIBLE the ralns begin again. If the target is not AMERICANS met by then, the campaign may be run SANDINISTA TERRORISTS ON The Somoza dynasty ruled Nicaragua for again in next years dry season. The reason THE MARCH forty-odd years. ~ong its lePctes is the for running it· in the dry season is that fact that more than half of the people of during the.rainy season the road and trans­ Nicaragua can neither :r:ead nor write. The port in many rural areas, precisely those HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK Somoza dictatorShip, after having greedily with the highest illiteracy, become lnacces· OP OHIO neglected the education, health and eco­ sible. So far 140,000 people have volun­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nomic welfare of the Nicaraguans for so teered to take part in the campaign as long, was overturned by a national uprising teachers. Total cost of the literacy cam· Tuesday, February 5, 1980 led by the Sandinista guerrillas in July 1979. patgn is esttma:ted to be $20 million. e Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, in The new authorities in NicaragUa are deter­ 3~ The revolutionary . government consid· the next few weeks the House will be mined to do away with the shameful legacy ers that education is one of the basic prior-· of the Somoza decades. In 1980 they will be ities of the revolution. Consequently it has asked to send $75 million of taxpayer con~ntrating their energies on literacy. To made all schooling free, and started this lit­ wages to stabilize the Marxist regime this end a national campaign to eradicate il­ eracy campaign. It considers literacy to be in Nicaragua. It has been interesting literacy is now in preparation. with food and health care the three top pri­ to watch how Mr. Carter and the press The campaign will get under way in orities that it must deliver to the people as has tried everything_possible to recon­ March 1980, at the start of the dry season in gains of the revolution. cile this aid package with the in· Nicaragua. The organizations of Nicaraguan 4. The first step in the campaign was the creased anti-CommuniSt rhetoric of WOfkers, women and youth are sharing re· census to determine how many people recent weeks. They have named the sponsibllity for conduct of the _campaign. needed the literacy campaign, and how As­ They have already canvassed the popula­ many would volunteer to teach in it. The bill the "Special Central American tion and determined that illiteracy, country­ enthusiastic response _on the part of volun­ sistance Act" to fog the real purpose wide, stands at between 55 and 60 percent teers shows that the campaigning will be a of the legislation and they have done but that in the rural areas it approaches 95 success. The next step in the campaign, their best to portray the new Nicara­ percent of tne people. They have also found which has Just begun, is the preliminary gua as some socialist nirvana that will that, within the minority of the population training of the 140,000 . to prepare them to become the bosom buddy of America who read and write, fully 120,000 people are teach illiterates. The method to be used is once several million dollars fill their ready to help teach their fellow citizens .to that of Paolo Friere, world renowned Brazil· coffers. read and write. This is an impressive re· tan educator, author of Pedagogy ot the Op­ Maybe this time the U.S. public will sponse in a nation of little more than two pr~d, whose methods for mass literacy, millions who are only beginning to recover based on life experiences and consciousness not allow itseU to be duped into aiding from the economic and milltary devastation of oppr~ssed peoples, have already been one more beach head for communism. lnructed on them by the Somozas. To carry used in Chile, Peru, and other Third World Over the years we have aided CaStro through this educational campatgn money countries. Paolo Friere was in Nicaragua to in CUba, bullt the plants for the Sovi- 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 5, 1980 ets to revitalize their armored divi­ Cuban prisons. The. article should be wasn't born .to play such roles. I think he sions, i!ven credibility to Swapo in Na­ required reading for those in govern­ never forgot this.'' mibia and to the MPLA in Angola, we ment and media who have taken a Mr. Matos stayed. He was green but he starry-eyed . approach to the Cuban turned Into a tenacious and effective fight­ have opened the door for the Ayatol­ er, and Within six months he had been given lah in Iran and we have given implicit dictator. Castro is satanic in-his hatred the ·rank of comandante, or maJor, and put moral support to guerrillas in Rhodesia of those ·who stand in his way and he 1n charge of a column. and South Africa by not supporting ef­ has made a hell out of Cuba. Matos . As he recalls it. his relations with ·Mr. forts to stop their violence. One day endured one comer of that hell and Castro were both close and distant. There Is Am-ericans might learn that th-ere are survived. Before we even begin to a quality of fierce literal-mlndedness to Mr. forces out there that must be con­ think about recognizing Castro's Cuba, Matos that rubbed against,Mr. Castro's mix­ fronted and can never be co-opted. Huber Mato's story should be made ture of sweeping charm and evasiveness. By known to every American. now, and with 20 years 1n prison to reflect The Nicaragua aid bill has been on lt. Mr. Matos sees 1n Fidel Castro's char­ pushed by the media and the adminis­ At this point I wish, to insert "Pris­ acter the main explanation for the political tration as a vital method of keeping oner of Castro: The Huber Matos course he came to take. Nicaragua from becoming an outpost Story," from the New York Times, "The day after I arrived I saw him take for Cuba. The assumption in this argu.;. February 4, 1980. · one of his comandantes and humlliate him ment is that' the Sand.inistas are PluSONER 01' CASTRO: THE HUBER MATOS in the vilest language over some trivial mis­ ~pending their time worrying about in­ take. I knew I would never accept such STORY treatment. And one day, when I returned ternal improvements 'to their war-torn nation. -EVery now and then reality from a mission, he used language that I Huber Matos Is 61 years old, compact. would call disrespectful. He was seeing how breaks through this sugar coating. grizzled and alert• .There Is a suggestion of a far he could go with me. Buried deep in the Washington Post is graying badger to him; an Independent crea­ "I said I had not come for this, that I was a short news item about Juan Jose ture that Is fierce 1n comers. a fighter and did not accept Insults; and Molina Peres. Juan is a Sandinista ter­ It has been said that of all Fidel Castro's that rather than accept them I would tum rorist captured during a sklrinish with political prisoners, that one he was most 1n my weapon and go down to the foothills government force in El Salvador. nervous about was this prickly provincial and grow vegetables for the revolution. I What was a Sand.inista doing in El Sal­ schoolmaster who fought for him 1n the thought I would be arrested-I'd seen lt vador? He was aiding leftist forces in Sierra Maestra and had become one of the happen to others-but no, he said nothing." leaders of the rebel army by the time Ful­ As for politics. Mr. Matos said he- had no fighting the existing government. Was gencio Batista, the Cuban dictator, fied. reason at the time to doubt that Mr. Cas­ he a lone operative? He ·was part of a Ten months after _the.victory. Mr. Matos. tro's aims were similar to his own. "We'd four-man team that had arrived from unhappy with the increasingly authoritar­ spend the nights talking about things; anci Nicaragua to help destabilize the ian style of the Castro regime, tried tO he always expressed himself as one deter­ country of El Salvador. resign. Instead of granting his request to mined to carry fory~ard a democratic revolu­ For months there have been reports return to teaching. Mr. -castro denounced tion. I had no doubts. He even used to warn coming from El Salvador, Guatemala, him as a traitor. arrested him, and ran the us about the Communists. When I was orga. and Hondoras of increased terrorism trial that condemned him to 20 years 1n niz1ng the column he told me to find ways prison. · to keep the Communists out of the key _in the w8.ke 9f Nicara_gua fallin_g. Just Jobs." like in Southeast Asia tne dommoes THIRD OF LIFE IN JAIL A THIRST FOR POWER are being lined up for a long-term pro­ Twenty years later-one third of his life­ gram of conquest. Also like Southeast Mr. Matos was released, after a long Inter­ Does he now think, 1n fact, that Mr. Asia the media is doing its best to national campaign on his behalf. He Uves in Castro was . a convinced Communist all the United States now. and spends his time along? downplay the obvious signs of regional "No. I think he was playing a double card. adventurism. We discounted the hand writing an.d speaking on hehalf of the politi­ cal prisoners remaining 1n Cuba. He would In my opinion, Fidel was not convinced of writing on the wall in Vietnam and Uke to unify whatever part of the Cuban the virtues of Marxism-Leninism. He was a now have the tragedies of the boat exlle community can be unified around the man who·wanted power. people and the refugee camps in Thai­ Idea that prison punished and preserved in "If he finally chose the Communist alter­ land. Are we. now going to be lulled to him: that Cuba needed drastic social native it was because if he'd taken the sleep by Mr. Carter and company and changes but not a dictatorship. democratic road he would not have been fund the Sandinistas as they march up He does not belleve that the exiles can ·be­ able to remain 20 years 1n power. Tempera­ mentally it would not have suited him. He the coast? It is time to draw the line a decisive factor 1n any future changes 1n Cuba.-But he thinks they can encourage an doesn't like to be opposed. and he found ~d that line should begin with Nica­ himself better off 1n a Communist structure raguaaid.e eventual vast revulsion of the Cubans against the political system they live under. where the leader Is a demigod. "EveQ today I don't believe that he is a He cane here the other day to talk about convinced Communist. Look at the Consti­ SURVIVING CASTRO'S HELL: his life 1n the Cuban revolution and his life­ tution. Do you recall that the day that the HUBER MATOS' TRIUMPH time 1n its jalls. This Is his account. new Communist Constitutioll- was pro­ Huber Matos worked with Fidel Castro for claimed, he went to Moscow to attend the more than a year before he met him. When Soviet party congress? This Is the man who HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL Mr. Castro landed with a small group in De­ talked about lnstitutionallzing the revolu­ OF ILLINOIS cember 1956 and began operating 1n the tion:• Sierra Maestra, Huber Matos drove trucks IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES into the foothills to supply him. Then he _IN COMMAND OF PROVINCE Tuesday, February 5, 1980 went to Costa Rica to get arms. After the rebel victory, Mr. Matos was put 1n charge of the province of CamagUey, and • Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, on Octo­ WARl\1 WELCOME BY CASTRO remained 1n the 'vaguely defined top ranks ber 23, 1979, I pla~ed in the RECORD an. On March 30. 1958, he crash-landed by of the revolution. It was the vagueness that article from the New York · Times, night 1n a small plane with 12 nien and five began to bother him, he said; the fact that dealing with Huber Matos. For 20 tons of weapons aboard, 1n a mountain set­ Fidel Castro Centered all power 1n himself tlement. "Three hours later we were with and took no steps to create a democratic years Matos, a former aide to Fidel Fidel," he recalled. "He was euphoric. He Castro, was imprisonea·on trumped-up structure. began rummaging through the crates trying In July he wrote to Mr. Castro that rather charges· of treason to the Castro out the different weapons, shooting them than aggravate divisions, he wanted to regime. Matos' real offense was his re­ off Into the air, as happy as a child and resign quietly and go back to teaching. "A . fusal to go along with the CastrQ dic­ saying, 'Now we really will win the war.' " few days afterwards he saw me iil the Hotel tatorship. Castro's cruel vengeance on The cordiality' of this first meeting was Hilton and told me: 'Chico, there's no this man rankS high among the most -marred when Mr. Castro Insisted we go back reason for you to leave. Keep on working; I inhuman and vindictive crimes ever to Costa Rico to get mol'e arms. He Insisted need you. Look. if later on you still feel you committed by a dictator against one on staying. "Fidel said to me, 'Oh, so you must leave, then offer your resignation and innocent human being. want to fight.' And I said it wasn't a ques­ we'll sit down and talk about it.' tion of wanting to fight but of participating "At that point I think he was sincere. So Now Matos is free. He has talked to 1n the sacrifices. And furthermore-! said-1 when things didn't improve and I wrote my a Times reporter about the way he came leading a group of men. If they stay last letter on Oct. 19 I didn~t expect what spent the last 20 years in Castro's and I go I will be playing on ugly role and I would happen. Because untll that day we February 5, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1977 'treated each other like brothers. It was im· be destroyed, 'hoping for 20 years that I'd be cle In a letter disagreeing with a 'POssible for me to conspire against him; and out.'' number of his assertions. One point I felt that though I must leave I wouldn't go HOW THE .JAILING ENDED raised by Mr. DERWINSKI is especially against him." ConVinced he was to be killed, Mr. Matos worth emphasizing: Mr. Castro wrote back agreeing to his res­ said, he went into a kind of frenzy. · In my opinion, the problems confronting ignation. But early the next day, the radio "They took me to the foreigpers' cells. us in Iran arid Afghanistan can be attribut­ began broadcasting reports that Mr. Matos They are furnished nicely, so that foreign­ ed, among other things to a global percep­ was leading the CamagUey garrison in an in· ers will commend the prisons. But I was tion that we have become an undependable surrection. ·soon after, Camilo Cienfuegos, screaming and struggling, and so ttrey threw ally who no longer can be -counted upon in the army Chief of Staff, arrived in Cama­ me face-up on the bed. . the crunch. gUey with ·an order fOI: his arrest. Major "As soon as they took the handcuffs off, I Cienfuegos,1 wh9 died in-a mysterious plane jumped up and grabbed the-chair to go at I believe the comments made by Mr. crash several days later, was a friend, and them, and they wrestled it away and re­ DERWINSKI are worth considering, and apologetic. treated· to the door, so I jumped up again I call to the attention of my colleagues "When we got to headquarters Camilo re­ and _grabbed the table and smashed off t\YO his views on "Arms for Morocco": alized that this was ridiculous: that there legs, and then I broke everything else that I was no sign of an insurrection." Major Cien­ HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, could, even the light switches. Washington, D.C., January 24, i980. fuegos got on the phone to Osvaldo Dortl· "And t_hen I built myself a kind of parapet c6s, the President. HoN. SmliEN J: SoLARZ, in the comer, using mattresses and furni· U.S. House 0/ Representatives, "Dortic6s asked him to put Fidel on, and ture, and each time they tried to come in I Washington, D. C. Camilo said he wasn't here, and then Dorti· had these two chair legs in my hands.'' DEAR STEVE: Thank you for calling my at­ c6s told him to put Huber on. So I took the A senior officer came to try to persuade tention to your article in Foreign Affairs phone-everything was very· polite though him that he really w_puld be released and to magazine concerning U.S. arms sales to Mo­ Ramiro Vald~. the security chief, was right urge him to quiet down and put on fresh rocco. You have analyzed a difficult ques­ beside me-and Dortie6s said, 'Huber, clothes. A diplomatic mission from Costa tion with your customary energy. I must what's happening? I told him Fidel was Rica was coming to escort him, the officer disagree, however, with many of your con­ making a scandal .because I tried to resign; said, and it was not fitting that he should be clusions. Given your reputation as this Con­ and he said: 'We must stop this. It makes no seen bloody, bruised and with his clothes gress most brilliant student of world affairs, sense.' tom to pieces. "If I look this way it is your I do so with considerable trepidation. "Camilo went off to where Fidel was. The fault,'' Mr. Matos says he told him. "But At the outlet, I want to make it clear that next thing I knew, Fidel rushed past me as after a day and a night when nobody got I approve of a "globalist" approach to for­ if the Devil were after him, and went out to any sleep I began to reflect it might be true, eign policy. The way we respond to a situa­ the balcony and ac'dressed the crowd. and I agreed to clean myself up."e tion in one area of the world does impact on "He called me a traitor and said that ·1 events and nations elsewhere. How we treat didn't have the guts to come out and face EDMUND P. JUTEAU our African friends ·is definitely noted by the people. So I told Camilo, 'You tell him I our NATO, Middle East and Persian Gulf have lots to tell the people, and I want him allies and influences the formulation of to give me the chance.' So Camilo went and HON •.DONALD J. MITCHELL their foreign policy equations. If, as you told him, 'Huber wants to speak too,' and OF ·NEWYORK suggest, the Administration is finally reco~ when Fidel heard that, he ordered Ramiro nizlng this international fact of life with re­ to take me away immediately. They put me IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATI~S spect to its Western Sahara policy, I believe on a plane to Havana; and 20 of my officers Tuesday, February 5,_1980 it's about time. insisted on coming along; they said if I was e Mr. MITCHELL of New York. Mr. In my. opinion, the problems confronting arrested so were they.'' us in Iran and Afghanistan can be attribut­ After the court-martial, Mr. Matos spent Speaker, last week, I commended to ed, among other things, to a global percep­ 20 years in half a dozen and ¥oun~ St. Bernard Seminary in my hometown of champion of the peace as Secretary of Derek Bok, the president of Harvard, told Pubuque, Iowa, and was ordained 25 State under President Truman, · has me recently that his school gets about 25 years ago in Christ the King Chapel at said: percent of its total revenue from Washing­ Loras College, my alma mater, by We have tried since the birth of our ton. He said he spends "10 percent or more" Most Rev. Leo J. Binz. Nation to promote our love of peace by' a of his time dealing with the federal govern­ display of weakness. This course has failed ment, federal regulations or federal ald. Since_ his ordination, Father Gal­ lagher nas served as associate pastor us utterly. We take all this for granted-the loans to students, money for research and restric­ to parishes in Ames, Cedar Rapids, At no time in our history has this tions on research, quotas by any name-but Charles City, Dubuque, Spencer been more true than during the ·past the controlling federal presence on campus Grove, Urbana, Walker, and Waterloo; few years-and most notably during is really new. Or, at least, it is exploding in and as tbe pastor of Jesup and the past 3 years. Beginning with the size and scope. We are watching the federal Marlon. Iowa. He is presently the 'O.s. defeat in .Vietnam, the lack of - takeover of higher education. pastor of St. Joseph's Church in U.S. support for Angola, and the U.S. When Bok became president of Harvard Marion. acceptance of Soviet numerical superi­ eight years ago, he said, he spent no time on 'Father Gallagher served as chair­ ority in SALT I, there has been an es­ federal concerns, leaving that to one assist­ man of the Clergy Conference Plan­ calating kaleidoscope of events inimi­ ant in his office who spent about five hours ning Commission in 1971, and has cal to American interests: Soviet a week dealing with Washington. Today, been a member of the board of regents troops in Cuba; Soviet and Cuban sup~ there are four full-time people in his office of Loras College since 1973. Cl_lrrently, port of Ethiopia against Somalia; the concerned with nothing but the federal gov­ he is the vice chairman-'Of that ·board. Communist coup in Afghanistan and ernment. And, Ha.rVard is one of 100 univer­ And-perhaps of the most inspira­ South Vemen; Vietnam's invasion of sities maintaining full-time offices in ihe tion-is the fact that Father Gal­ Cambodia; the massive buildup of capital. lagher was the sparkplug behind Soviet conventional an.d strategic arms What do those off.:Campus offices do? Camp Courageous, one of the great given international acceptance "Our job is to make sure that the honeypots humanitarian projects in northeast through U.S. behavior and codified in are there and that they are well-filled," said Iowa. Camp Courageous serves the re­ SALT II; the Shah's overthrow in Peter Goldschinidt, the University of Cali- tarded and handicapped young people Iran; the dramatic seizure of the fornia's man in Washington. · of Monticello, Iowa. American Embassy and the h9lding of So it goes. We are all in on it. Buzzing I kilow I speak for many, many hostages in Iran; the burning of. the arounjl the big honeypot. And getting stuck. people when I thank Father Gallagher U.S. Embassy in Pakistan; the--increas­ "Our graduate progralil is totally depend­ f,or all that he has done and indicate ing uncertainty of. events in Saudi ent on federal·maney," said a chemistry pro­ that I am now looking forward to his Arabia; the, increasing destabilization fessor at a major Catholic university. golden jubilee.e of Rhodesia and South Africa; the at­ "Almost all the research here is f~derally fi­ tacking of the U.S. Embassy in Libya nanced, and the laws have been changed so by pro-Iranian demonstrators; the that everything we do has to be 'relevant to OUR FOREIGN POLICY guerrilla drive from the Western society's needs! " ILL"Q"SIONS Saha~:a against the Kiilg's troops in wpo decides what is relevant? Morocco aimed at dominating the ".The government. In my department, the HON. RICHARD KELLY narrow waters opposite Gibralter; the work is controlled by .a ladder of bureau­ OF FLORIDA Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and crats leading up to the secretary.of defense:­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the massing of Soviet troops on the But it doesn't have to be defense. Every­ Pakistan and Iranian border; and the body is working under some set of specifica­ Tuesday, February 5, 1980 tions from Washington. A lot of us don't do .general destabilization of pro-Western what we want to do. We do what the govern­ • Mr. KELLY. Mr. Speaker, through­ governments throughout the Middle ment will pay for." out the ages-and most notably during East region. Most of this has happened in the last 10 this century-history has taught that Mr. Speaker, these events-and years. In another 10· years Ohio State will peace is more akin to strength than to others around the globe-point to one have _its own airplane, and so will a lot of weakness. Reasonable commonsense incontrovertible fact: The world's bal­ other "state" and "private" universities. ~d prudence-guided by a steadfast ance of power has shifted on so.cilearly Their people will be Jetting back and forth and righteous conviction-require that projected a scale that unless the to Washington to get their honey-and any political strategy, the objective of United States takes immediate and their orders.e which is to guarantee peace and secu- dramatic steps to reverse the trend, February 5, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1981 the present military and strategic con­ then?> It Is hard to see how it can be truly ordered by someone else. The advent of nu­ dition will settle into a permanence revived. We seem to be .in the process of clear armaments has not really changed the wedding yesterday's dead illusions to 'yester­ nature of this world. Those armaments have which we cannot conceive as accept­ year's. OnlY strange and barren fruit can the purpose of deterring one's enemies ·from able. Issue from sueh a union. ustng sueh weapons tn the first place. This Against this background, I would REPUBLICAlf IKSTINCT deterrence having bee_n achieved, we are like to direct the attention of niy col­ back to conventional power politics. with leagues in the U.S.. House of Repre­ I do not say thts in any partisan or cap­ conventional arms. tious spirit. If we had had a Republican ad­ sentatives to an article appearing in ministration in office this past year, I -do But Americans are taught to believe that the Wall Street Journal, February 4, think we might have· managed our affairs power politics 18 lBl-American, because im­ 1980, entitled "Our Foreign Polley D­ somewhat better-but only "might have," moral, and that 'the u8e bf force in interna­ lusions" by Irving Kristol, professor of and only somewhat and only temporarily. tional affairs ought to be, and can be, re­ social tb.ought at the New York Uni­ Republicans don't really think mueh about placed by the rule of law-or even by the versity Graduate School of Business foreign policy. They tend to be guided more rule of love, tf som~ official statements are by nationalist instinct, and such instinct Is to be believed. It Is this naive utopianism and a senior fellow of the American that has plagued American forel~ policy Enterprise Institute. Mr. Kristol ana­ generally less treacherous than false pre­ conceptions. for three-quarters. of a century now. We be­ lyzes some of the basic lde;u; and pre­ lieve that,. in the end, the nations of the conceptions underlying the conduct of .atm. Instinct Is not enough, as the ~rd reveals. As for John Foster Dulles' record, wo.-ld must admire us for what we are, and American forejgn policy-that the the less Said the better. He. more than for the nice things we are always ready to United States is naive, sentimental, le­ anyone else, may be held responsible for the do for them. But the world is full of nations. galistic, Impulsive, short on memory, Middle East ChAos of the past two decades. that detest us precisely for what we are­ and fundamentally unaware of the The trouble with instinct, aside from the free, democratic, capitalist-and are muoh kind of world In which we live. Quite fact that it might propel you to an inappro­ more interested in what they might do to us priate or downright wr:ong response, Is that ·than in what we cail do for them. And even rightly, he points out that henceforth those who have no hostile feeltngs toward it has no s~ying power. Even the right deci­ our abillty to survive as a free and in­ us wiD not be reliable allies unless they also dependent nation will be contingent sion. if based solely on tnsttnct, will gradual· ly fade into a d1minishing series of random, respect us-perhaps eyen fear us a little. upon how well the United States can Ineffectual decisions. Doing the right thing, 'Ibe "hearts and minds" of the world go out overcome these J.lmttatlons and exer­ whether.it be for the wrong reason or for no to winners, not tQ nice guys who finish cise Its power during times of relative reason at all, Is surely to be preferred over second. peace. As he says, the .United States doing the wr.ong thing for the wrong rea­ One frequentlY gets the impression that. must ~pt the real world as it is. sons. But in ~~e end a foreign policy, if it Is American statesmen regard other nations to be succesaful, has to be coherent-it has the way sentimental crtmtnologtsts regard a It Is a world ordered by milltary force and juvenile delinquent-someone to be "reha­ by the willingness to use that force when to consist, more often than not, of doing the right thing for tlie right reason. And, with bllitated!' by patient, cotnpassionate ther· circumstances require_. Whoever does not apy. That was the idea behind "detente":·As have such force, or IS overly reluctant to use the possible exception of the adnitntstra­ tions of. Theodore Roosevelt, the United the Soviets "matured" by virtue of closer as­ it, ends up living in a world that has been sociation with us, they would be more like ordered by someone else • • .• . It would be States hasn't had such a foreign policy since the days of the Founding Fathers. us, less like themselves. That was the idea. ironic-but an irony that history Is only too too, behind our foreign-aid programs, and f~illar wJth-if our ver.Y reluctance to us~ One dOe& not Wish tQ exaggerate the im­ portance of ideas in the realm of foreign our support of the United Nations. Well, it our puwer while we have it resulted in a hol­ hasn't worked with our juvenile delin­ ocaust that might have been avoided had we policy. To a very l&rge degree, makers of been less "peace-loving." As a matter of foreign policy are constantly being made quents, and it won't work in the case of na­ captive to ·unexpected events, - and the tions who do not for a moment think of fact, wasn't it something like this that hap. themselves as in any .sense "delinquent." pened to Britain and France in the 1930,s?" notion that Presidents or Secretaries of State should somehow be able to anticipate The foreign policy of the United States I enthusiastically commend the arti­ aJl crises, and are to be blamed for ta.Wng to ought to have as its central purpose a ·world cle to my colleagues as follows: do so, is preposterous. Professors or Con­ order that has been shaped, to the largest tFrom the Wall Street Journal. ·Feb. 4, gressmen or Journalists, who talk th18 way degree possible, ·fn accord with our national 1980) ought to be sentenced to investing all of interests as a great power that 18 free, demo­ their capital in commodity futures. .They cratic and capitalist. To be sure, this might Otnl FOUIGM POLICY ILLUSIONS would quickly learn how important a role mean llving in an uneasy truce, and for an as a peace-loving nation. But the Now, with the escape of several Americans marizes some of the highlights of this way things are heading, we shall awaken by means of C~an help, the hostages fine man's life. I ask unanimous con­ one of these days ·and discover that we can may be facing increasing hardships. sent that the text of this article be in­ no ·longer afford to be such a peace-loving We'd like' to niake a suggestion: Remem­ serted in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD nation. As the late G. F. Hudson wrote: ber the old song, · "Tie a yellow .ribbon immediately following my remarks: "There is perhaps no factor which (lrtves a 'round the old oak tree"? We'd like to urge state ·into war so inexorably .as a steady loss everyone to do Just that. And also wear a FATHER BERARD of relative power. Sooner or later a desper­ small piece of yellow ribbon each day un~U Rev. Joseph P. Herard, Executive Coordi­ ate now-or-never mood overcomes the calcu­ the hostages are safely home. nator-Principal of Wahlert High School, In this Wa¥, we will.be keeping them and Dubuque will observe bis silver Jubilee with lations of prudence. • . ." a Mass of Thanksgiving at St. Anthony's, It would be ironic-but an irony that his· their families in our -thoughts and prayers dally. It may be only a smail gesture, but. Sunday, Feb. 10 at 2 p.m. A reception will tory is only too familiar with-if our very re­ one we think is mea.I)ingful and significant. follow in the parish hall. luctance to use our power while we have it If ,you don't have a . bit of yellow ribbon B<>rn in Cascade, Iowa on July 23, 1929, 'resulted iii a holocaust that might have handy, we 'invite you to come by the studios Fr. Herard attended Loras College and Mt. been avoided had we been less "peace­ of Your Friend Four. We'll be pleased to ·st. Bernard Seminary in Dubuque. Son of loving.'' As a matter of fact, wasn't it some­ give you some ribbon, and also the address Mr. and Mrs. Joseph C. Herard, he was or­ thing like this that happened to Britain and of the hostages, if you'd like to write them. dained on Feb. 5, 1955 in Christ the King France in the 1930s?e Join us, won't you: The hostages and their Chapel by the Most Rev. Leo Bine. plight should be remember~ in a continu· After serving as secretary to Archbishop ingway. and associate pastor in New That's our opinion • • - What's yours?e Hampton, he was appointed to Loras Acade~ YELLOW RIBBON FOR .my. From 1959 to 1961 he took postgraduate HOSTAGES studies at Catholic University in Washing­ ton. He was appointed Archdiocesan Director HON. CARROLL A. CAMPBELL, JR. of Vocations and Director of Archdiocesan OF SOUTH CAROLINA CHILE SUPPORTS AMERICAN Council of Catholic Youth during which IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ACTIONS time he served as Chaplain at Holy Family Hall. He worked in the National Office of Tuesday, February 5, 1980 Extension Society, Chicago, for one year. In e Mr. CAMPBELL. Mr. Speaker, 1967 he became Directol" of Religious Edu­ WFBC television station in Greenville, HON. kOBERT J. LAGOMARSINO cation under Loras J. Watters. He OF CALIFORNIA served also as spiritual moderator of the S.C., has embarked on a campaign ACCW, Director of the Confraternity of which I believe we would all be well IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Christian Doctrine as well as Chaplain ·of advised to·join. As our hostages ordeal St. Francis Home until his present position in Iran stretches toward 100 days; as Tuesday, February 5, 1980 began in 1975.e other national and international crises are replacing Iran on front pages and e Mr. LAQOMARSINO. Mr. Speaker, WILL THE REAL BUDGET television news; as the outrage Ameri­ whenever the subject of Chile comes PLEASE .COME UP? cans felt ·sa strongly 3 months ago before this body, it seems to be for the begins to wane, simply through emo­ purpose of condemnation or accusa­ tional exhaustion, it is important to do tion. HON. RALPH .S. REGULA everything we can to keep the hos­ I believe, however, we should also OJ' OHIO tages in our. minds and prayers-and recognize praiseworthy actions by IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES· to let the hostages know of our contin­ Tuesday, February 5, 1980 ued concern. Chile. In this case the Chilean Olym­ WFBC has initiated a public aware­ pic Committee has decided not to e Mr. REGULA. Mr. Speaker, I re­ ness campaign. designed to do just attend the Olympic games in Moscow. cently spoke to this body on the topic that. They are undertaking a compre­ President Pinochet had recommended of the latest budget estimate for 1980. hensive public service announcement, to .the committee that Chilean ath­ I pointed out that the 1980 budget, as editorial and news campaign and, on a letes not attend, and the Olympic it now stands, is substantially above more personal level, have tied a ~ommittee agreed. the 1979 budget. Specifically, estimat­ There has been little reason in ed outlays are now $32 billion higher "yellow ribbon" around an "old oak than 1 year ago when first proposed. tree" on tbeir premises and are en­ rec~ilt years for the Chilean Govern­ couraging station personnel to write to ment to join with the United States in In like manner, the deficit increases the hostages and wear their own its foreign policy initiatives. In thi& $11 billion, and would be worse if it yellow ribbons each day during this case, Chile has overlooked past events weren't for windfall tax revenues. These increases mean tha~ .. for the period of strife. and ratified its support of American third time in 5 years, Congress will Mr. Speaker, WFBC is to be com­ action in response to the Soviet inva­ have to consider a third budget resolu­ mended for this initiative. My staff sion of Afghanistan.e tion. .The fact that bud~et authority-, February 5, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1983 which drives present and future same programs which have proved achieved in part because of high spending-increases more than 17 per· helpful politically and so wasteful eco.,. energy prices, as industry shifts to cent from 1979 to 1980 is equally· nomically. For example, countercycli­ more labor-intensive production alarming. The distinguished chairman cal and targeted fiscal assistance­ mixes, and to -Democrat inspired Gov­ of the Senate Budget Committee, Mr. ·more appropriately termed "targeted ernment jobs programs which fail to MusKIE, has stated that $10 billion political assistance"-quadruple to $1 produce permanent and productive can be added to the President's latest billion in 1981. private sector jobs. Yet, in this budget 1980 estimates immediately. In our If we examine all of Carter's nonde­ we not only see a continuation of ex­ first hearing this year, my distin­ fense proposals-see complete list, pensive-because of substitution-inef­ gulshed chairman, and others on ·the table 14 beginning on p, 590 of the ficient, and ineffective programs, but House Budget Committee used the bUdget-the spending explosion be­ also a new job program. At a time same $10 billion figure. This means comes apparent. In 1981, the cost of when demographic trends are indicat­ that, for starters, the 1980 deficit now these proposals are estimated to be ing fewer youthful job market en­ stands at $50 billion, rather than tbe $26 billion in budget authority and $20 trants, the administration is arguing $29 billion in President Carter's origi­ billion in actual spending; but by 1985, demographics as the main reason for a nal 1980 budget proposal. these programs triple in budget au­ new youth job program. Economic Let me now tum to the 1981 budget thority-$77 billion-and nearly quad­ logic would argue that the demograph­ as submitted by the President this ruple in outlays-$76 billion. The ·ad­ ics fail to point toward such a pro­ week. There is reason for the initial ministration is trying to convince the gram. I suggest that there is no dis­ skepticism on the part of both .Budget American public that the budget con­ tinction between altruism and con­ Committees. I hesitate to use the term tains a few relatively inconsequential stituency politics at the other end of "phoney," but at best this budget is initiatives and that the budget is con­ Pennsylvania Avenue. more political than honest. strained. These numbers spe~k in There .is also no small deception in Any President has a right-indeed direct contradiction to these numbers. the President's revenue sharing pro­ ought-to send the Congress a budget It is not difficult to cite other specif­ posal. This Republican-inspired pro­ based on what he or she wants in ic exampies of why this budget is un­ gram has been praised by States and terms of fiscal policy and programs. realistic, if not phoney: localities for its traditional no-strings But Mr. Carter can only identify less Only $2 billion was put in the 1980 character. If you want to read the ulti­ than 1 percent--$5.6 .billion-of the estimates and only $800 million in the mate in budget policy prose, look at budget in savings from current law. 1981 estimates for the cost of the Rus­ page 304 of your budget, where you'll Regardless of the amount of assumed sian grain embargo, yet analysis say read what is really intended for this legislative savings, this Congress has a the cost will be around $4 billion; prograrn: dismal record on enacting legislative One of the most blatent gimmicks To address this problem and to strengthen savings, whether recommended by the used in this budget is to delay the sale the fiscal partnership among all levels of President or initiated on its own. It is of loans and other financial assets. government, revenue sharing payments to quite safe, therefore, to add another This means that loa..'1S and other fi­ the States would be contingent upon their $5 billion to the deficit because of the nancial assets that would have been cooperation in a participatory process de­ unlikelihood of realizing even these sold in 1980 are now said to be planned signed to identify and promote necessary meager legislative savings. for sale in 1981 rather than 1980. Play. changes to achieve a balancing of fiscal re· ing with mirrors in this way causes the sources and service responsibilities among In addition to the $5.6 billion in as­ the governments of each State. To com-. sumed legislative savings on· the spend· 1981 numbers to look better-lower mence this process, each State would estab­ ing side of the budget, the President is outlays and deficits-in the amount of lish a broadly-based independent commis­ also counting on increasing ~x rev· about $3 billion. sion to assess disparities in access to fiscal enues by $4.5 billion in 1981, $5.6 bil· Another source of deception in the resources of the governments within the lion in 1982, and $2.2 billion in 1983. budget is the alarming increase in the State, to identify major problems, and to The problem for the President is that outlays and deficit of off.budget Fed­ make appropriate recommendation for not all of these tax increases can be eral activities, which are excluded by change. The ·commissions would also assess the fiscal ·management practices and make done by administrative action. What­ law from budget totals. In President recommendations for improvements. States ever increases are realized in 1981, Ford's budget, the off-budget deficits would be expected to act on these recom­ they, along with the record new social were put right up front with the uni· mendations (emphasis added). security and oil excise taxes, will con­ fied budget's deficit, but in each of tribute to the highest peacetime tax President Carter's budgets, the off· My readmg of this clever bmguage is burden ever-21.7 percent of GNP. In budget deflcits are relegated to the that the administration intends to 1982, a.).so according to the Carter bowels of the budget tomes. The 1980 make general revenue sharing into a budget, the tax burden will set an all· off-budget deficit is now estimated to major vehicle for forcing States to time record-22.2 percent-and that be the largest ever-$16.8 billion-and reallocate their income and wealth. record falls again the following year as the 1981 off-budget deficit is now esti­ One way to gage the reality of the the new record will become 22.7 per­ mated-and I emphasize the "now"­ budget is to look at. historic trends. ·In cent. Lest you think that these per­ at $18.1 billion, which .is more than this budget, one fact in particular cent changes are small, bear in mind the advertised unified budget·s deficit, stands out; budget authority, which is that in a $3 trillion economy, a change for the first time ever. If history re­ what drives spending, increases 17 per­ of one·tenth of 1 percent in the tax peats, look for the off-budget deficits cent from 1979 to 1980, is a continu­ burden amounts to a change in tax to rise, smack in the face of the new, ation of an alarming trend in which revenues of $3 billion. but obviously inconsequential, Federal budget authority growth rates have Add another $4.5 billion to the 1981 credit monitoring system. consistently e.xceeded outlay-actual deficit, because that is the figure an­ The other night on the "Tonight spending-growth rates. Now, we are nounced by the Department of De· Show," host Johnny Cars~n said that asked to believe that budget authority fense last Friday, before the budget there was good news and there was will grow only 6 percent from 1980 to was submitted, as an added fuel cost. bad news. The bad news was that the 1981. Even recognizing that a lot of This number ls not in the budget, and Carter administration was predicting a spending has been dumped on the neither is a companion $3.5 billion for recession; the good news was that they 1980 books, there is little believability 1980. haven't been right yet. I am not so in the 1981 budget authority in the Because this is an election year, we sure we will have a recession this year, President's budget. I wish it was can also count on substantial nonde­ and I believe if we do, it will be mild believable. fense supplementals· not included in and with relatively low unemploy­ Another telling deception in this this budget. I suspect that these will ment. It is ironic that our present budget is the absence of an allowance be directed at traditional Democratic levels of relatively high employment for a badly needed tax cut. Granted, a constituencies and will consist of the and low productivity have -been tax cut will exacerbate the deficit in 1984 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 5, 1980 the short run, but the toll tl).at infla­ this debate which seems to generate a lot of the people with power and in looking about tion is taking in the form of increased interest, I wish to refer distinguished Sena­ for a model upon which to pattern your po­ taxes is tragic and must be addressed. tors to Section 61 of the Standing Orders; litical institutions you have chosen to look Under that section, I-shall beg leave of the to us. Double-digit inflation has provided We know that we are far from perfeet the Government with windfall tax rev­ Senate to suspend sitting for the next ten minutes in1order to invite our.distinguished even yet; we have committed_errors, we have enues at the expense of the taxpayers colleagues lrom the United Sta~ of Amer­ not achieved all the grand dreams and who were promised only a few years ica for a few minutes' chat with us here. Is hopes and aspirations that our founders ago by candidate Carter that _he that the wish of the Seriate? launched but to which we aspire. But in our "would never increase the taxes for Several Senators: Yes. imperfect way as, mortal human creatures the working people of our country." Sitting suspended: 4:00 p.m. in a legislative body which is the mirror of You may want to keep this in mind Sitting resumed: 4:20 p.m. our nation, reflecting and distilling its vices later this year, when the President The President: Order! Order! Order! I as well as its virtues and its weakness as well have a request that the Senate do grant dis­ as its strengths, we nevertheless have been and .congressional Democrats begin tinguished Senator Wright, Leader of the able to make steady progress in the -demo­ falling over themselves to argue for a United States' delegation, permission to say cratic-society for 200 years. We hope that tax cut. a few words to the Nigerian Senate. Is It the 200 years from now this great Assembly of In conclusion. I have tried to make a wish of the Senate? freely chosen servants of the people of Ni­ case that the President's budget is Several Senators: Yes. geria will still stand and shine forth as a moi'e of a political instrument than a The President; The visitor may come in. beacon to the wor)d. We believe in free po­ statement of intended fiscal policy. As OF KENTUCKY the grand· work. you-are doing hete in this The President: I recognize the distin­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES great nation of Nigeria, we express our ap­ guished Senator Saraki. preciation for the graciousness of your hos­ Tuesday, February 5, 1980 Senator Sola Saraki : Mr. pitality. It is a pleasure for us to be here to President, Sir, distinguished Senators, I • Mr. CARTER. Mr. Speaker, from see the thriving, living embodiment of de­ would like to thank the Leader of the Ma­ January 5 to 17, I had the honor and mocracy. renewed and revived in this, most jority of the House of Representatives and privilege of accompanying Majority populous country of Africa. his Colleagues for coming to address us. It It is a peJ"sonaJ pleasure .for those of us was true that Nigeria freely chose thj.s type Leader Jw WRIGHT on an extremely who are privileged to represent our Con­ informative trip to several countries in of Constitution we are now P.ractising. gress on this occasion to greet you as inheri­ The problems before us in this system are Africa and to Saudi Arabia. tors and standard bearers of the noblest tra­ very colossal and fundamental but I am sure One of the countries our delegation ditions of free men and women everywhere, that with understanding, love and affection visited was Nigeria which only recent­ to salute you as fellow 'legislators and law amongst all of us, we shall -succeed. ly adopted a U.S.-style constitutional makers, rulers of nothing but ~elf, indeed I would like to seize this opportunity, Mr. form of government and elected a like us the se-rvants of your native land. and President, Sir, to say that we would like our house of representatives and a senate to embrace you as brothers in the struggle friends in America to bear with us whenever for the freedom, equality and dignity of all we knock at their doors for assistance, ot to patterned after our own. men and women everywhere. We paid a call on the Nigerian Na­ learn from the experience which they have We are ourselves deeply impressed with acquired in the two hundred years in which tional Assembly and met with Senate the success y.ou have achieved and political their Constitution has been in existence. Majority Leader Sola Saraki and stability only thirteen years after the trials Some of us have had the opportunity to Deputy Speaker of the Hopse of Rep­ and difficulties of your civil war which tore visit the United States and the Congress to resentatives Idris Ibrahim. you asunder. We remember that it took us see them in practice, and we have learned a While we visited their Senate. pro­ many years to survive and heal the wounds lot. I do hope that other Senators would ceedings were suspended and we had a of our civil war in our own nation. But that have the opportunity to visit the American chance to meet with the Senators on war, in the words of President LinColn.­ Congress and see how the system is working the floor of their Chamber. Afterward, needs must come as a woe to those whose over there. Lash has drawn blood. President Lincoln in On behalf of my colleagues, the S~nators. the Senate reconvened and a resolution the darkest days of that war,~ upon I thank the August visitors for sparing the was passed inviting JIM WRIGHT to the people of the North and of the South time to visit us in the Senate. Thank you. address the Senate on behalf of our jointly to forgive and to love one another The President: Order~ Order! May I make delegation. and to reunite in nationhood, said: Yet. if a correction. My attention has just been Our colleague from Texas is well­ God wills that it continue until all the drawn to fact that Mr. Wright is a Repre­ known and admired in this body for wealth piled by the bondsman's two hun­ sentative and not a Senator. He is the Ma­ dred and fUty years of unrequited toll shall jority Leader of the House of Representa­ his considerable oratory ski\J.. May I be sunk, and until every_ drop of blood submit that he fs at least as equally tives. drawn with the lash shall be paid by an­ Senator s. A. Shitta-Bey : Mr. acclaimed in the Nigerian Senate now other drawn with the sword. as was said President, Sir, distinguished Senators, may on the basis of the superb extempora­ three thousand years ago, so still it must be I with due respect say that I associate neous remarks which he offered. said, "The Judgements of the Lord are true myself with some of the views already ex­ I would like to include for the and righteous altogether." pressed about strict compliance with the REcORD a portion of the transcript Those were the words of our great ~manci­ provisions of Section 8 of the Constitution. from the National Assembly debates pator. What a tragedy that he whose birth­ Unless one goes by what the President told on January 7 containing our majority day we shall celebrate in one month was not us, which, according to my learned friend on privileged to live to_see the reunification of that side. appears to be documentary hear­ leader's comments~ our country. We are ourselves pleased and say, one cannot definitely ascertain or satis­ VISIT 01' AMERICAN CONGRESSMEN gratified that in the maturing of your politi­ fy oneself that Section 8 of the Constitution The President: Before we come back to cal institutions, you have seen fit to trust has been complied with.•