Land at Manor Farm, Wainfleet Road Irby in the Marsh Lincolnshire

Land at Manor Farm, Wainfleet Road Irby in the Marsh

Lincolnshire Archaeological Evaluation

for Anesco Limited

CA Project: 660990

CA Report: 17603

October 2017

Land at Manor Farm, Wainfleet Road Irby in the Marsh Lincolnshire

Archaeological Evaluation

CA Project: 660990 CA Report: 17603

Document Control Grid Revision Date Author Checked by Status Reasons for Approved revision by A 24/10/2017 D Sausins R E Young C Bateman

This report is confidential to the client. Cotswold Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability to any third party to whom this report, or any part of it, is made known. Any such party relies upon this report entirely at their own risk. No part of this report may be reproduced by any means without permission.

CONTENTS

SUMMARY ...... 2

1. INTRODUCTION ...... 3

2. ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND ...... 3

3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES ...... 3

4. METHODOLOGY ...... 5

5. RESULTS (FIGS 2-9) ...... 6

6. THE FINDS ...... 7

7. DISCUSSION ...... 8

8. CA PROJECT TEAM ...... 9

9. REFERENCES ...... 9

APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS ...... 11 APPENDIX B: THE FINDS ...... 15 APPENDIX C: OASIS REPORT FORM ...... 16

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Fig. 1 Site location plan (1:25,000) Fig. 2 Trench location plan showing archaeological features and geophysical survey results (1:4000/1:1000) Fig. 3 Trench 16: sections and photographs (1:20) Fig. 4 Trench 16: sections and photographs (1:20) Fig. 5 Trench locations overlaid on 2m DTM LiDAR results (1:5000) Fig. 6 Trench locations overlaid on 1819 East Firsby Enclosure Map (1:5000) Fig. 7 Trench locations overlaid on 1840 Firsby and Irby Tithe Map (1:5000) Fig. 8 Trench locations overlaid on 1888 first Edition Ordnance Survey Map (1:5000) Fig. 9 Post-medieval ditches, photographs

1 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Manor Farm, Wainfleet Road, Irby in the Marsh, Lincolnshire: Archaeological Evaluation

SUMMARY

Project Name: Land at Manor Farm Location: Wainfleet Road, Irby in the Marsh, Lincolnshire NGR: 546692 363146 Type: Evaluation Date: 9-13 October 2017 Planning Reference: S/051/00772/17 Location of Archive: To be deposited with Lincolnshire Museum Service Site Code: MFI 17

An archaeological evaluation was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology in October 2017 on land at Manor Farm, Wainfleet Road, Irby in the Marsh, Lincolnshire. Eighteen trenches were excavated.

A ditch and pit/ditch terminus, both of Iron Age date, were identified. Two undated ditches were also recorded in the same trench and are interpreted as contemporary through association. Post-medieval field boundaries, the majority of which are depicted on cartographic sources from the 19th century onwards, were also recorded.

2 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Manor Farm, Wainfleet Road, Irby in the Marsh, Lincolnshire: Archaeological Evaluation

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 In October 2017 Cotswold Archaeology (CA) carried out an archaeological evaluation for Anesco Limited on land at Manor Farm, Wainfleet Road, Irby in the Marsh, Lincolnshire (centred at NGR: 546692 363146; Fig. 1). The evaluation was undertaken to support an application to East Lindsey District Council (ELDC; Planning ref: S/051/00772/17) for the construction of a solar farm and associated groundworks. The evaluation was recommended by Jan Allen, the Historic Environment Officer, Lincolnshire County Council, the archaeological advisor to ELDC.

1.2 The evaluation was carried out in accordance with a detailed Written Scheme of Investigation (WSI) produced by CA (2017a) and approved by Jan Allen, LCC. The fieldwork also followed Standard and guidance: Archaeological field evaluation (CIfA 2014) and LCC’s Archaeology Handbook (2016).

The site

1.3 The proposed development area is approximately 34.07ha and comprises land currently in arable use that is bounded to the east, south and west by agricultural land and to the north by Manor Farm. The site lies at approximately 3m above Ordnance Datum (AOD), on land that is generally flat but does rise gradually to the north and north-west.

1.4 The underlying bedrock geology of the area is mapped as Spilsby Formation of the Cretaceous and Jurassic Periods (BGS 2017). This is overlain by tidal deposits of clays and silts relating to former shorelines and formed up to 2 million years ago in the Quaternary Period. Clay and silt substrate was identified during the evaluation.

2. ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND

2.1 The archaeological and historical background of the site has been presented in detail in a desk-based assessment (CA 2017b); which was followed by a geophysical survey of the site (PCG 2017). The following section is summarised from these reports.

3 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Manor Farm, Wainfleet Road, Irby in the Marsh, Lincolnshire: Archaeological Evaluation

Prehistoric (500,000BC – AD 43) and Roman periods (AD 43 – AD 410) 2.2 There are no recorded archaeological features or finds within the development area. Located 350m to the south a single sherd of Roman pottery was recovered at a depth of 1m during the insertion of field drains. Other find spots, again of single artefacts (coins and a figurine), were found more than 3km distant, to the north and east of the current site.

2.3 During these periods the site was most probably marshland; possibly used for seasonal pasture where ground conditions allowed. Any settlement or intensive agricultural land use is likely to have been focused on the higher areas of land; Burgh le Marsh 3.5km to the north being the nearest known such example.

Early medieval (AD 410 – AD 1066) and Medieval periods (AD 1066 – 1539) 2.4 Historical evidence for the earliest activity in the wider area comes at the time of the Domesday Survey, with a settlement being recorded c. 780m to the east of the site. During the medieval period it is likely that the local marshes were subject to land reclamation with the intention of increasing agricultural potential. Drainage channels directed the water into larger bodies and it is possible that Wold Drain, which runs through the site, is part of this land management process. To the east and the north- east of the site a possible medieval settlement has been identified as cropmarks visible on aerial photographs.

2.5 LiDAR suggests there may be earthwork remains of former field boundaries within the site; although these broadly correlate with 19th-century field boundaries. It is likely that during the medieval period the land was subject to some agricultural exploitation; although the focus was more to the north in Irby in the Marsh, on the higher ground, as evidenced by the remains of ridge and furrow cultivation to the north and east of the current site.

Post-medieval (1540 – 1800) and Modern (1800 – present) 2.6 During the post-medieval period the site was to be used for agriculture with the earliest defined enclosures identified on the 1819 East Firsby Enclosure Map, predominantly in the west and south of the site. By the 1840s the whole site was divided into fields of which the number has gradually reduced over time with the formation of larger fields.

4 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Manor Farm, Wainfleet Road, Irby in the Marsh, Lincolnshire: Archaeological Evaluation

3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

3.1 The objectives of the evaluation were to provide information about the archaeological resource within the site, including its presence/absence, character, extent, date, integrity, state of preservation and quality, in accordance Standard and guidance: Archaeological field evaluation (CIfA 2014). This information will enable ELDC to identify and assess the particular significance of any heritage asset, consider the impact of the proposed development upon it, and to avoid or minimise conflict between the heritage asset’s conservation and any aspect of the development proposal, in line with the National Planning Policy Framework (DCLG 2012).

4. METHODOLOGY

4.1 The fieldwork comprised the excavation of 18 trenches, each measuring 50m in length and 1.8m in width, in the locations shown on the attached plan (Fig. 2). The trenches were set out on OS National Grid (NGR) co-ordinates using Leica GPS and surveyed in accordance with CA Technical Manual 4 Survey Manual.

4.2 All trenches were excavated by mechanical excavator equipped with a toothless grading bucket. All machine excavation was undertaken under constant archaeological supervision to the top of the first significant archaeological horizon or the natural substrate, whichever was encountered first. Where archaeological deposits were encountered they were excavated by hand in accordance with CA Technical Manual 1: Fieldwork Recording Manual.

4.3 Deposits were assessed for their palaeoenvironmental potential in accordance with CA Technical Manual 2: The Taking and Processing of Environmental and Other Samples from Archaeological Sites. No deposits were identified that required sampling. All artefacts recovered were processed in accordance with Technical Manual 3 Treatment of Finds Immediately after Excavation.

4.4 The archive and artefacts from the evaluation are currently held by CA at their offices in Kemble. Subject to the agreement of the legal landowner, the artefacts will be deposited with Lincolnshire Museum Service, along with the site archive. A summary of information from this project, set out within Appendix C, will be entered onto the OASIS online database of archaeological projects in Britain.

5 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Manor Farm, Wainfleet Road, Irby in the Marsh, Lincolnshire: Archaeological Evaluation

5. RESULTS (FIGS 2-9)

5.1 This section provides an overview of the evaluation results; detailed summaries of the recorded contexts and finds are to be found in Appendices A and B respectively.

5.2 Natural substrate, consisting of light blue and yellow clay, light grey clay and gravels, and light yellow and white silty sand (primarily identified in the north-east), was identified between 0.3 and 0.6m below present ground level (BPGL). It was sealed by approximately 0.25m of subsoil that was in turn overlain by approximately 0.3m of modern plough-soil. Post medieval enclosure/field boundaries were identified in Trenches 7-18 inclusive cutting the subsoil and sealed by modern plough-soil (Fig. 9). A single sherd of late 18th to mid 19th-century pottery was recovered from fill 1304 of ditch 1303. A single sherd of 18th to 19th-century pottery and a single intrusive sherd of late prehistoric pottery was recovered from fill 1306 of ditch 1305. A single sherd of 18th to 19th-century pottery was recovered from fill 1506 of ditch 1505. A single sherd of late 18th to 19th-century pottery was recovered from fill 1508 from ditch 1507. A modern glass bottle was recovered from fill 905 of ditch 904. A furrow, aligned east/west, was identified in Trench 11. A Tree-Throw Pit (1403) was identified in Trench 14 that was irregular in plan and profile. All other features cut the natural substrate and were sealed by subsoil unless otherwise stated.

5.3 Ditch 1603 (Figure 3: Section AA) was aligned broadly east/west with moderately sloping sides and a flat base. It measured approximately 1m in width, 0.25m in depth and contained a single silty clay fill 1604, from which two sherds of Iron Age pottery were recovered.

5.5 Pit/ditch terminus 1605 (Figure 3: Section BB) was partially exposed within the trench and was irregular in plan and profile. It measured at least 1.14m in length, 0.59m in width, 0.23m in depth and contained a single silty clay fill, 1606, from which four sherds of Iron Age pottery and fired clay was recovered.

5.6 Ditch 1607 (Figure 4: Section CC) was aligned broadly east/west with moderately sloping sides and a concave base. It measured approximately 1.3m in width, 0.35m in depth and contained a single silty clay fill 1608 that remained undated.

6 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Manor Farm, Wainfleet Road, Irby in the Marsh, Lincolnshire: Archaeological Evaluation

5.7 Small ditch 1609 (Figure 4: Section DD) was aligned broadly east/west with gently sloping sides and a concave base. It measured approximately 0.5m in width, 0.05m in depth and contained a single silty clay fill 1610 that remained undated.

6. THE FINDS

6.1 Artefactual material was hand-recovered from nine deposits (ditch fills and subsoil). The recovered material dates to the prehistoric and post-medieval/modern periods. Quantities of the artefact types recorded are given in Appendix B. The pottery has been recorded according to sherd count/weight per fabric. Fabric codes in Appendix B and in parenthesis in the text are equated to the Lincolnshire pottery type series as defined by Jennings (2016). Modern artefactual material will not be retained.

Pottery: late prehistoric 6.2 A total of seven unfeatured bodysherds (129g) was identifiable as late prehistoric (Late Bronze Age to Iron Age) in date. The average sherd weight of 18g is high and the sherds in shell-tempered fabric (SHELC) are in a relatively unabraded condition. A sherd in a handmade quartz-tempered fabric (IASA), residual in post- medieval/modern dated fill 1306 of ditch 1305, cannot be more closely dated. The shell-tempered sherds (SHELC, SHELF) from fill 1604 of ditch 1603 and fill 1606 within ditch terminal/pit 1605 are considered likely to be of Iron Age date, based on the fabric and characteristics of firing. Comparable fabrics are recorded in the area, for example from Helpringham, Lincolnshire (Chowne and Healey 1999, 12).

6.3 Three fragments of fired clay (29g) from ditch terminal/pit fill 1606 present in a fabric containing quartz and iron oxide inclusions. These may represent briquetage – vessels in this type of fabric were used to manufacture vessels used for the extraction and transport of salt during the Iron Age.

Post-medieval/modern 6.4 Pottery from this date range totals six sherds (75g). Of post-medieval date is tin- glazed earthenware (TGW) from subsoil 901. Later ware types are transfer-printed pearlware (TPW, late 18th to mid 19th century), transfer-printed refined whiteware (TPW, late 18th to 19th century) and black-glazed earthenware (BL, 18th to 19th century).

7 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Manor Farm, Wainfleet Road, Irby in the Marsh, Lincolnshire: Archaeological Evaluation

Other finds 6.5 A modern glass bottle with a plastic lid was recorded from fill 905 of ditch 904.

7. DISCUSSION

7.1 A number of archaeological features were encountered during the evaluation. They were not identified during the geophysical survey, most probably due to the similarity in composition between the natural substrate and the fills of the archaeological features.

7.2 All archaeological features were recorded in Trench 16 which was located upon an area of higher ground in the north of site. An Iron Age ditch (1603), Iron Age pit/ ditch terminus (1605) and undated ditch (1607) and small ditch (1609), both interpreted as contemporary though association, represent the earliest features identified. No evidence for domestic activity was identified however, the large, relatively unabraded sherds of Iron Age pottery recovered suggests domestic activity in close proximity. It is difficult to fully interpret these features given there is no known contemporary activity in the area (See Archaeological background; 2.2).

7.3 Post-medieval ditches identified in Trenches 7 and 12 broadly correlates with boundaries identified on the East Firsby Enclosure Map 1819 (Fig. 6). Post-medieval ditches identified in Trenches 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 17 and 18 broadly correlates with those identified on the Firsby and Irby Tithe Map 1840 (Fig. 7) and First Edition Ordnance Survey Map 1888 (Fig. 8). In several trenches, these boundaries are represented by several adjacent ditches on the same alignment that are likely to represent subsequent remodelling/maintenance of the boundaries.

7.4 Ditches in Trench 13 (1303 and 1305) do not correspond with known boundaries from cartographic sources; however, it is likely they were the south-eastern continuation of a boundary identified to the north-west of Trench 13 shown on the Firsby and Irby Tithe Map 1840 (Fig. 7), but gone on the First Edition Ordnance Survey Map 1888 (Fig. 8) . They correspond to anomalies/features depicted on the LiDAR survey (Fig. 5) and both ditches contained post-medieval pottery. Ditches identified in Trenches 11 and 14 do not correspond with known boundaries from

8 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Manor Farm, Wainfleet Road, Irby in the Marsh, Lincolnshire: Archaeological Evaluation

cartographic sources and remained undated. Both ditches cut subsoil and likely represent post-medieval field boundaries not recorded on cartographic sources.

8. CA PROJECT TEAM

Fieldwork was undertaken by Daniel Sausins, assisted by Noel Boothroyd, Gary Baddeley and Sam Bateman. The report was written by Daniel Sausins. The finds was written by Jacky Sommerville. The illustrations were prepared by Esther Escudero. The archive has been compiled by Daniel Sausins, and prepared for deposition by Hazel O’Neill. The project was managed for CA by Richard Young.

9. REFERENCES

Bell, A., Gurney, D. and Healey, H. 1999 Lincolnshire Salterns: Excavations at Helpringham, Holbeach St Johns & Bicker Haven. EEA 89. East Anglian Archaeology. Heritage Trust of Lincs. Heckington

BGS (British Geological Survey) 2017 Geology of Britain Viewer http://mapapps.bgs.ac.uk/geologyofbritain/home.html Accessed 14 September 2017

CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2017a Land at Manor Farm, Irby in the Marsh, Lincolnshire: Written Scheme of Investigation for an Archaeological Evaluation

CA 2017b Land at Manor Farm, Irby in the Marsh, Lincolnshire; Heritage Desk-Based Assessment CA Report No. 17216

Chowne, P. and Healey, H. 1999 ‘The Pottery’, in Bell, A. et al 1999, 12–4

DCLG (Department of Communities and Local Government) 2012 National Planning Policy Framework

LCC (Lincolnshire County Council) 2016 Archaeology Handbook https://www.lincolnshire.gov.uk/residents/environment-and- planning/conservation/archaeology/lincolnshire-archaeological-handbook/ Accessed 14/09/2017.

9 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Manor Farm, Wainfleet Road, Irby in the Marsh, Lincolnshire: Archaeological Evaluation

PCG (pre-construct geophysics) 2017 Land at Manor Farm, Irby in the Marsh, Lincolnshire: Archaeological Geophysical Survey

10 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Manor Farm, Wainfleet Road, Irby in the Marsh, Lincolnshire: Archaeological Evaluation

APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS

Trench Context Type Fill of Context Description L (m) W D Spot-date No. No. interpretation (m) (m) 1 100 Layer Plough-soil Light grey brown silt clay 0.22 1 101 Layer Subsoil Mid grey brown silt clay 0.1 1 102 Layer Natural Light grey yellow silt sand substrate and light blue clay 2 200 Layer Plough-soil Mid brown grey silty clay 0.25 2 201 Layer Subsoil Mid grey brown silty clay 0.3 2 202 Layer Natural Light brown grey clay substrate 2 203 Layer Natural Tidal deposit; dark grey substrate clay sand 3 300 Layer Plough-soil Mid brown grey silty clay 0.3 3 301 Layer Subsoil Light brown grey silty clay 0.15 3 302 Layer Natural Light yellow, orange and substrate grey silty sands and grey clay 4 400 Layer Plough-soil Mid orange grey silty clay 0.35 4 401 Layer Subsoil Light yellow grey silty clay 0.15 LC18-C19 4 402 Layer Natural Light grey with yellow and substrate orange mottling clay 5 500 Layer Plough-soil Mid grey brown silty clay 0.2 5 501 Layer Subsoil Mid brown grey silty clay 0.3 5 502 Layer Natural Mid blue grey clay with substrate orange brown mottling 5 503 Layer Natural Tidal deposit; light orange substrate brown sandy with grey mottling 5 504 Cut Palaeo- Unexcavated >2.1 >5.0 channel 5 505 Fill 504 Palaeo- Mid grey brown sandy silty >2.1 >5.0 channel fill clay 6 600 Layer Plough-soil Mid orange grey silty clay 0.25 6 601 Layer Subsoil Light brown grey silty clay 0.2 with orange mottling 6 602 Layer Natural Light grey clay with orange substrate mottling 7 700 Layer Plough-soil Light grey brown silty clay 0.21 7 701 Layer Subsoil Light red brown silt clay 0.19 7 702 Layer Natural Light yellow and blue clay substrate 7 703 Layer Natural Tidal deposit; mid brown substrate grey silty sand 7 704 Cut Ditch Aligned NW/SE. >2.0 1.3 unexcavated 7 705 Fill 704 Ditch fill Light red brown silty clay >2.0 1.3 8 800 Layer Plough-soil Mid brown grey silty clay 0.25 8 801 Layer Subsoil Light greenish grey silty 0.2 clay 8 802 Layer Natural Light brown grey clay with substrate orange mottling 8 803 Layer Natural Tidal deposit; light grey silt substrate sands with orange and yellow mottling 8 804 Cut Ditch Aligned N/S. unexcavated >2.2 2.15 8 805 Fill 804 Ditch fill Light brown grey silty clay >2.2 2.15 9 900 Layer Plough-soil Light grey brown silt clay 0.4 9 901 Layer Subsoil Light orange brown silt 0.22 LC17-C18 clay

11 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Manor Farm, Wainfleet Road, Irby in the Marsh, Lincolnshire: Archaeological Evaluation

9 902 Layer Natural Light brown yellow silt clay substrate 9 903 Layer Natural Tidal deposit; dark brown, substrate orange brown and light blue silt sand 9 904 Cut Ditch Aligned N/S. unexcavated >2.0 1.9 9 905 Fill 904 Ditch fill Light orange brown >2.0 1.9 C20-C21 10 1000 Layer Plough-soil Mid brown grey clay silt 0.35 10 1001 Layer Subsoil Light brown grey sandy silt 0.15 10 1002 Layer Natural Light orange yellow silt substrate sand with brown yellow mottling 10 1003 Cut Land drain cut Aligned NE/SW. >2.2 0.45 unexcavated. 10 1004 Fill 1003 Land drain fill Mid brown grey clay silt >2.2 0.45 10 1005 Cut Ditch Aligned NE/SW. >2.2 1.69 unexcavated 10 1006 Fill 1005 Ditch fill Dark grey sandy silt >2.2 1.69 10 1007 Cut Ditch terminus Aligned NE/SW. >2.06 1.04 unexcavated 10 1008 Fill 1007 Ditch fill Mid grey sandy silt with >2.06 1.04 orange and yellow mottling 5 10 1009 Cut Ditch Aligned NE/SW. >2.2 0.71 unexcavated 10 1010 Fill 1009 Ditch fill Light brown grey silty sand >2.2 0.71 10 1011 Cut Ditch Aligned NW/SE. >2.2 3.4 unexcavated 10 1012 Fill 1011 Ditch fill Mid grey brown sandy silt >2.2 3.4 with orange mottling 10 1013 Cut Land drain cut Aligned NE/SW. >2.2 0.39 unexcavated 10 1014 Fill 1013 Land drain fill Mid brown grey sandy silt >2.2 0.39 with yellow sand mottling 10 1015 Cut Land drain cut Aligned NE/SW. >2.2 0.36 unexcavated 10 1016 Fill 1015 Land drain fill Mid brown grey sandy silt >2.2 0.36 with light brown mottling 11 1100 Layer Plough-soil Mid brown grey clay silt 0.35 11 1101 Layer Subsoil Light brown grey sandy silt 0.25 11 1102 Layer Natural Light orange yellow silt substrate sand with brown yellow mottling 11 1103 Cut Ditch Aligned NW/SE. >2.2 5.5 unexcavated 11 1104 Fill 1103 Ditch fill Dark brown grey sandy silt >2.2 5.5 12 1200 Layer Plough-soil Light brown grey silty clay 0.32 12 1201 Layer Subsoil Light yellow brown silty 0.2 clay 12 1202 Layer Natural Light orange brown silt substrate clay 12 1203 Cut Ditch Aligned NW/SE. >2.0 0.85 unexcavated 12 1204 Fill 1203 Ditch fill Mid red brown silty clay >2.0 0.85 13 1300 Layer Plough-soil Light grey brown silty clay 0.23 13 1301 Layer Subsoil Light red brown silt clay 0.22 13 1302 Layer Natural Light blue clay with light substrate brown and yellow silt mottling 13 1303 Cut Ditch Aligned NW/SE. >5.0 >3.0 unexcavated 13 1304 Fill 1303 Ditch fill Mid black brown silty clay >5.0 >3.0 LC18- MC19 13 1305 Cut Ditch Aligned NW/SE. >5.0 >3.0 unexcavated 13 1306 Fill 1305 Ditch fill Mid black brown silty clay >5.0 >3.0 C18-C19

12 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Manor Farm, Wainfleet Road, Irby in the Marsh, Lincolnshire: Archaeological Evaluation

14 1400 Layer Plough-soil Light brown grey silt clay 0.4 14 1401 Layer Subsoil Light yellow brown silt clay 0.22 14 1402 Layer Natural Light yellow orange silty substrate clay 14 1403 Cut Tree-throw pit Aligned NE/SW. >1.8 1.1 unexcavated 14 1404 Fill 1403 Tree-throw pit Dark grey brown silty clay >1.8 1.1 fill 14 1405 Fill 1403 Ditch/ tree- Light yellow brown clay silt >1.8 1.1 throw pit fill with charcoal flecking 14 1406 Cut Ditch Aligned NW/SE. >2.0 2.0 unexcavated 14 1407 Fill 1406 Ditch fill Light red brown silty clay >2.0 2.0 14 1408 Cut Ditch Aligned NW/SE. >2.0 4.0 unexcavated 14 1409 Fill 1408 Ditch fill Light red brown silty clay >2.0 4.0 15 1500 Layer Plough-soil Light grey brown silty clay 0.4 15 1501 Layer Subsoil Light brown yellow silty 0.25 clay 15 1502 Layer Natural Light blue and yellow silty substrate clay with yellow and orange mottling 15 1503 Cut Ditch Aligned NE/SW. >2.0 1.36 unexcavated 15 1504 Fill 1503 Ditch fill Dark brown silt clay >2.0 1.36 15 1505 Cut Ditch Aligned NE/SW. >2.0 0.65 unexcavated 15 1506 Fill 1505 Ditch fill Light yellow brown silty >2.0 0.65 C18-C19 clay 15 1507 Cut Ditch Aligned NE/SW. >2.0 1.99 unexcavated 15 1508 Fill 1507 Ditch fill Dark brown black clay silt >2.0 1.99 LC18-C19 15 1509 Cut Ditch Aligned NE/SW. >2.0 0.83 unexcavated 15 1510 Fill 1509 Ditch fill Dark black brown clay silt >2.0 0.83 16 1600 Layer Plough-soil Mid brown grey silty clay 0.31 16 1601 Layer Subsoil Light grey brown silty clay 0.18 16 1602 Layer Natural Light yellow grey clay with substrate white flecking 16 1603 Cut Ditch Aligned E/W. moderate >2.2 1.03 0.23 sides and flat base 16 1604 Fill 1603 Ditch fill Light yellow brown silty >2.2 1.03 0.23 IA clay 16 1605 Cut Pit/ ditch Irregular in plan and profile >1.14 >0.5 0.23 terminus 9 16 1606 Fill 1605 Pit/ ditch Mid dark brown grey silty >1.14 >0.5 0.23 IA terminus fill clay 16 1607 Cut Ditch Aligned E/W. moderate >2.2 1.27 0.33 sides, concave base 16 1608 Fill 1607 Ditch fill Mid yellow brown silty clay >2.2 1.27 0.33 16 1609 Cut Small ditch Aligned E/W. shallow >2.2 0.46 0.06 sides, concave base 16 1610 Fill 1609 Ditch fill Mid yellow brown silty clay >2.2 0.46 0.06 with yellow grey mottling 17 1700 Layer Plough-soil Light grey brown silty clay 0.2 17 1701 Layer Subsoil Mid red brown silty clay 0.17 17 1702 Layer Natural Light orange yellow silty substrate clay 17 1703 Cut Ditch Aligned N/S. unexcavated >2.0 1.7 17 1704 Fill 1703 Ditch fill Light grey brown silty clay >2.0 1.7 18 1800 Layer Plough-soil Light grey-brown silty clay 0.24 18 1801 Layer Subsoil Light yellow brown silty 0.16 clay 18 1802 Layer Natural Light orange yellow silty substrate clay with light white yellow

13 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Manor Farm, Wainfleet Road, Irby in the Marsh, Lincolnshire: Archaeological Evaluation

mottling 18 1803 Cut Ditch Aligned N/S. unexcavated >2.0 2.2 18 1804 Fill 1803 Ditch fill Light yellow brown silty clay

14 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Manor Farm, Wainfleet Road, Irby in the Marsh, Lincolnshire: Archaeological Evaluation

APPENDIX B: THE FINDS

Context Category Description Fabric Count Weight Spot-date Code (g) 401 Post-medieval/modern Transfer-printed refined TPW 1 5 LC18-C19 pottery whiteware 901 Post-medieval pottery Tin-glazed earthenware TGW 1 7 LC17-C18 905 Modern glass Bottle 1 413 C20-C21 1304 Post-medieval/modern Transfer-printed Pearlware TPW 1 10 LC18- pottery MC19 1306 Late prehistoric pottery Quartz-tempered fabric IASA 1 8 C18-C19 Post-medieval/modern Black-glazed earthenware BL 1 31 pottery 1506 Post-medieval/modern Black-glazed earthenware BL 1 18 C18-C19 pottery 1508 Post-medieval/modern Transfer-printed refined TPW 1 4 LC18-C19 pottery whiteware 1604 Late prehistoric pottery Shell-tempered fabric SHELC 2 85 IA 1606 Late prehistoric pottery Shell- tempered fabric SHELC 3 33 IA Late prehistoric pottery Fine shell-tempered fabric SHELF 1 3 Fired clay Possible briquetage 3 29

15 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Manor Farm, Wainfleet Road, Irby in the Marsh, Lincolnshire: Archaeological Evaluation

APPENDIX C: OASIS REPORT FORM

PROJECT DETAILS

Project Name Land at Manor Farm, Wainfleet Road, Irby in the Marsh, Lincolnshire Short description An archaeological evaluation was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology in October 2017 on land at Manor Farm, Wainfleet Road, Irby in the Marsh, Lincolnshire. Eighteen trenches were excavated. A ditch and pit/ditch terminus, both of Iron Age date, were identified. Two undated ditches were also recorded in the same trench and are interpreted as contemporary through association. Post-medieval field boundaries, the majority of which are depicted on cartographic sources from the 19th century onwards, were also recorded. Project dates 9-13 October 2017 Project type Field Evaluation

Previous work Desk Based Assessment (CA 2017) Geophysical Survey (PCG 2017)

Future work Unknown PROJECT LOCATION Site Location Manor Farm, Irby in the Marsh, Lincolnshire Study area (M2/ha) 34.07ha Site co-ordinates 546692 363146

PROJECT CREATORS Name of organisation Cotswold Archaeology Project Brief originator n/a Project Design (WSI) originator Cotswold Archaeology

Project Manager Richard Young Project Supervisor Daniel Sausins MONUMENT TYPE none SIGNIFICANT FINDS none PROJECT ARCHIVES Intended final location of archive Content

Physical Lincolnshire Museum Services Ceramics Paper Lincolnshire Museum Services Trench sheets, context sheets, section drawings, photo registers Digital Lincolnshire Museum Services Database, digital photos BIBLIOGRAPHY

CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2017 Land at Manor Farm, Wainfleet Road, Irby in the Marsh, Lincolnshire: Archaeological Evaluation. CA typescript report 17603

16 5 546000 5 548000 4 4 6 8 0 0 0 0 0 0

336500065000

336300063000

336100061000

NORTH Andover 01264 347630 LINCOLNSHIRE N Cirencester 01285 771022 Cotswold Exeter 01392 826185 Archaeology Milton Keynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk

IRE e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Land at Manor Farm, Wainfleet Road, Irby in the Marsh, Lincolnshire LINCOLNSHIRE FIGURE TITLE

NOTTINGHAMSH Site location plan 0 1km

FIGURE NO. NORFOLK Reproduced from the digital Ordnance Survey Explorer map with DRAWN BY EE PROJECT NO. 660990 the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Controller CHECKED BY DJB DATE 18/10/2017 of Her Majesty's Stationery Office c Crown copyright RUTLAND Cotswold Archaeology Ltd 100002109 APPROVED BY RY SCALE@A4 1:25,000 1 5546500 5547000 4 4 6 7 N 5

Ingleton 0 0 Tank 0 0 0

Ings Cottage

WWainfleet Road

i ditch n T11 f 1104 l e

R ditch o ditch ditch a 1305 d Site boundary ditch 1003 1005 1505 T10 T15 treethrow ditch Evaluation trench 1403 inset 1011 ditch ditch ditch ditch 1507 1007 1009 ditch T14 1503 T13 Archaeological feature 1406 ditch 1408 ditch ditch 1509 1303 Furrow T16 Drain T18 ditch 1703 ditch T3 1803 ditch T12 1203 T17

ditch 904 T9

ditch 804 T8

336300063000 B 1195

ditch 704 T7

inset 01:4,000 200m

Reproduced from the digital Ordnance Survey Explorer map with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office T16 c Crown copyright Cotswold Archaeology Ltd 100002109

Ings Lane (track) T6 ditch Andover 01264 347630 1603 SP Cirencester 01285 771022 A Exeter 01392 826185 ) Archaeological Geophysical Survey by Cotswold A Milton Keynes 01908 564660 palaeochannel Pre-Construct Geophysics Ltd (2017) Archaeology pit / B 504 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk ditch terminus B >Predominately modern (rubble, metal objects/fencing etc) e [email protected] 1605 T5 PROJECTPRO TITLE

ditch Predominately natural, although archaeological remains typically LandLa at Manor Farm, Wainfleet Road, C 1607 produce weak magnetic anomalies within this range IrIrbyb in the Marsh, Lincolnshire C D (e.g. ditches/pits). Exceptions include fired material (e.g. tile/pottery, FIGUREFIGU TITLE D kilns, hearths and other sites subject to intense heat). gully < Predominatelly modern (rubble, metal objects/fencing etc) TrenchTre location showing 1609 aarchaeologicalrc features and The Ings Potential archaeology geophysicalge survey results Recent field boundary (historic O.S) 1:1000 DRADRAWN BY EE PROJECT NO. 660990 FIGURE NO. MP 1 Potential recent agricultural, inc R & F 050m CCHECKEDHE BY DJB DATE 18/10/2017 Potential structural remains of uncertain origin APPAPPROVEDR BY RY SCALE@A3 1:4000 / 1:1000 2 P:\660990 Land at Manor Farm, Irby in the Marsh, Lincs EVAL\Geomatics\CAD\current\660990_2DMaster_171009-12.dwg in the Marsh, Lincs at Manor Farm, Irby P:\660990 Land Section AA

NS 2.8m AOD

1600

1601

1604

ditch 1603

01m1:20

Ditch 1603, looking east (1m scale)

Section BB

NS 2.6m AOD

1600

1601

1606

pit / ditch terminus 1605

Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 01m1:20 Cotswold Exeter 01392 826185 Archaeology Milton Keynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Pit / ditch terminus 1605, looking east (1m scale) Land at Manor Farm, Wainfleet Road, Irby in the Marsh, Lincolnshire

FIGURE TITLE Trench 16, sections and photographs

DRAWN BY EE PROJECT NO. 660990 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY DJB DATE 18/10/2017 APPROVED BY RY SCALE@A3 1:20 3 Section CC

NS 2.8m AOD

1600

1601 land 1601 drain

1608

ditch 1607

01m1:20

Ditch 1607, looking east (1m scale)

Section DD

SN 2.5m AOD 1610

gully 1609

01m1:20

Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Cotswold Exeter 01392 826185 Archaeology Milton Keynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Gully 1609, looking west (0.3 m scale) Land at Manor Farm, Wainfleet Road, Irby in the Marsh, Lincolnshire

FIGURE TITLE Trench 16, sections and photographs

DRAWN BY EE PROJECT NO. 660990 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY DJB DATE 18/10/2017 APPROVED BY RY SCALE@A3 1:20 4 Ingleton Tank

IIngsngs CCottageottage

TT1111 dditchitch 11041104

ditchditch 13051305 ditchditch ditchditch dditchitch 10031003 10051005 11505505 TT1010 TT1515 ttreethrowreethrow ditchditch 11403403 TT1313 10111011 dditchitch T16T16 ditchditch ditchditch ditchditch 10091009 15031503 11507507 dditchitch 10071007 ditchditch T14T14 ditchditch 16031603 14061406 ditchditch 13031303 pitpit / 11408408 ditchditch ditchditch terminusterminus 15091509 11605605 dditchitch 11607607 gullygully 16091609 dditchitch T18T18 17031703 dditchitch TT33 11803803 dditchitch T12T12 11203203 TT1717

dditchitch 990404 T9T9

T4T4

T1T1

dditchitch 880404 TT88

ditchditch 704704

TT77

TT22

I n gsg s

LaneL a TT66 n e (tr SP ( t r a ck)c k ) ppalaeochannelalaeochannel 504504

T5T5

TheThe IngsIngs

MP 1

Andover 01264 347630 N Cirencester 01285 771022 Cotswold Exeter 01392 826185 Archaeology Milton Keynes 01908 564660 Site boundary w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected] Evaluation trench PROJECT TITLE Land at Manor Farm, Wainfleet Road, Archaeological feature Irby in the Marsh, Lincolnshire

Furrow FIGURE TITLE Trench locations overlaid on 2m DTM Drain LiDAR results

FIGURE NO. 01:5,000 250m DRAWN BY EE PROJECT NO. 660990 CHECKED BY DJB DATE 18/10/2017 APPROVED BY RY SCALE@A4 1:5000 5 Ingleton Tank

IIngsngs CCottageottage

T11 ditch 1104

ditch 1305 ditch ditch ditch 1003 1005 1505 T10 T15 treethrow ditch 1403 T13 1011 ditch T16 ditch ditch ditch 1009 1503 1507 ditch 1007 ditch T14 ditch 1603 1406 ditch 1303 pit / 1408 ditch ditch terminus 1509 1605 ditch 1607 gully 1609 ditch T18 1703 ditch T3 1803 ditch T12 1203 T17

ditch 904 T9

ditch 804 T8

ditch 704

I n gsg s

LaneL a T6 n e (tr SP ( t r a ck)c k ) palaeochannel 504

The Ings

MP 1

Furrow FIGURE TITLE Trench locations overlaid on 1819 East Drain Firsby Enclosure Map

FIGURE NO. 01:5,000 250m DRAWN BY EE PROJECT NO. 660990 CHECKED BY DJB DATE 18/10/2017 APPROVED BY RY SCALE@A4 1:5000 6 Ingleton Tank

IIngsngs CCottageottage

T11 ditch 1104

ditch 1305 ditch ditch ditch 1003 1005 1505 T10 T15 treethrow ditch T14 1403 T13 1011 ditch T16 ditch ditch 1507 1007 1009 ditch ditch ditch ditch 1603 1503 ditch 1303 1406 ditch 1509 1408 ditch pit / 1607 ditch terminus 1605 gully 1609 ditch T18 1703 ditch T3 1803 ditch T12 1203 T17

ditch 904 T9

ditch 804 T8

ditch 704

I n gsg s

LaneL a T6 n e (tr SP ( t r a ck)c k ) palaeochannel 504

The Ings

MP 1

Furrow FIGURE TITLE Trench locations overlaid on 1840 Drain Firsby and Irby Tithe Map

FIGURE NO. 01:5,000 250m DRAWN BY EE PROJECT NO. 660990 CHECKED BY DJB DATE 18/10/2017 APPROVED BY RY SCALE@A4 1:5000 7 Ingleton Tank

IIngsngs CCottageottage

ditch T11 1104

ditch 1305 ditch ditch 1003 1005 ditch ditch 1011 1505 T10 T15 T13 T14 ditch ditch ditch 1009 1507 T16 1007 ditch ditch treethrow ditch ditch 1303 ditch 1406 ditch 1403 1503 1509 pit / 1603 1408 ditch terminus 1605 ditch 1607 gully 1609 ditch T18 1703 ditch T3 1803 ditch T12 1203 T17

ditch 904 T9

ditch 804 T8

ditch 704

I n gsg s

LaneL a T6 n e (tr SP ( t r a ck)c k ) palaeochannel 504

The Ings

MP 1

Furrow FIGURE TITLE Trench locations overlaid on 1888 first Drain Edition Ordnance Survey Map

FIGURE NO. 01:5,000 250m DRAWN BY EE PROJECT NO. 660990 CHECKED BY DJB DATE 18/10/2017 APPROVED BY RY SCALE@A4 1:5000 8 Ditch 1007 cutting subsoil, looking north (1m scale)

Ditch 803 cutting subsoil, looking south (1m scale)

Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Cotswold Exeter 01392 826185 Archaeology Milton Keynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Land at Manor Farm, Wainfleet Road, Irby in the Marsh, Lincolnshire

FIGURE TITLE Post-medieval ditches, photographs

DRAWN BY EE PROJECT NO. 660990 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY DJB DATE 18/10/2017 APPROVED BY RY SCALE@A4 NA 9