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Proceedings of the Shropshire Geological Society, 11, 1 1 © 2006 Shropshire Geological Society

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Proceedings of the Shropshire Geological Society, 11, 1 1 © 2006 Shropshire Geological Society ISSN 1750-855X (Print) ISSN 1750-8568 (Online) Proceedings of the Shropshire Geological Society No. 11 2006 Contents 1. Rosenbaum, M.S.: Editorial ...…………………………………………...………………..… 1 2. Pannett, D.: Building stones in the churches and church yards of the Stretton Hills ……..… 2 3. Rosenbaum, M.S.: Field Meeting Report: Building stones in the churches and church yards 5 of the Stretton Hills, led by David Pannett and Andrew Jenkinson, 15th May 2004 ……..… 4. Rosenbaum, M.S.: Field Meeting Report: Bromfield Sand and Gravel Pit, nr Ludlow, 12 Shropshire, led by Ed Webb, 22nd April 2005 ………..…………………………………..… 5. Rosenbaum, M.S. & Wilkinson, W.B.: A Geological Trail for Titterstone Clee and Clee 18 Hill ………………………………………………………………………………………..… Available on-line: http://www.shropshiregeology.org.uk/SGSpublications Issued January 2007 Published by the Shropshire Geological Society ISSN 1750-855X (Print) ISSN 1750-8568 (Online) Editorial 1 Michael Rosenbaum 1Ludlow, UK. E-mail: [email protected] Over ten years has elapsed since publication of the libraries and resource centres where they may be last volume of the Proceedings, No.10, in 1994 accessed. Contact details are listed on the web site. (for 1992-3) so it was felt that a note from the High resolution digital and additional printed Editor would be appropriate. Being a relative copies may be obtained through Scenesetters (Ash- newcomer to Shropshire, although I’ve been a Leys, Bucknell, Shropshire SY7 0AL; Tel. 01547 regular visitor to the area since my first visit, on a 530 660; E-mail: [email protected]) YHA geology holiday led by Brian Wood (then Each individual paper is posted on the Web as Warden at Ludlow Youth Hostel) and John Norton soon as it has been prepared and edited. A list of (Curator of Ludlow Museum), the Proceedings these papers will be printed annually in the have provided me with a valuable resource for Newsletter (sent to all Members), and the papers in discovering the secrets of what lies beneath the this list will be compiled as the printed version. County’s landscape. As Editor, I am responsible for collating and The publications of the Shropshire Geological editing material submitted by Members and Society have evolved since the Society’s formation preparing it as PDF files, i.e. in a form ready for in 1979 from a brief Newsletter, joined by the printing on paper or posting to the Web. As time Proceedings in 1981, through the growth (in both allows, I am also intending to compile an archive size and coverage) of the Newsletter through the collection of past papers. These will be searchable 1990s leading to suspension of the Proceedings, to on-line and accessible to anyone on the Web. the explosion of geological activity at the present It is appreciated that some Members do not day with the web as well as the printed word have their own private access to the Web. Such available for recording the Society’s activities. Members will be able to see and, if they wish, The Newsletter is now returning to its cause photocopy the printed papers at one of the libraries d'être under the editorial care of Keith Hotchkiss. mentioned above or borrow them through Inter- The more substantial articles describing the Library Loan from their own public library. research, projects and surveys undertaken by Alternatively, any Member can access the on-line members, field trip reports and summaries of version from the Society web site using the public Society lectures of particular relevance to terminals now available at all branches of the Shropshire and the Welsh Marches will henceforth Shropshire County Council Library Service. These appear in the Proceedings. terminals have facilities for printing (monochrome Geological publications benefit enormously and colour) and for copying to CD. In order to from the inclusion of colour, in maps or ensure access at a suitable time, terminals photographs, so it is desirable to provide this generally have to be booked in advance but there is facility within the Proceedings. Costs for no charge, other than to cover consumables (i.e. conventional reproduction would prove prohibitive printing costs). for the Society. It has therefore been accepted that It is hoped that the new articles will both the primary vehicle for publication should be the interest you and inspire you to share your Society web site, at: discoveries and enthusiasm with your fellow www.shropshiregeology.org.uk/SGSpublications. members. Please talk to me if you would like to In order to ensure a permanent record of our consider writing an article for the Proceedings but papers remains, and to facilitate access by those are not sure how to proceed. Drawing and sketches without internet connections, a limited number of can be incorporated, even as hand drawings, such laser printed copies will also be produced. material being digitally captured using a scanner. Annual compilations of the Proceedings will be Help is at hand to compile the material if you feel a printed and distributed to the major geological bit daunted at the task! Proceedings of the Shropshire Geological Society, 11, 1 1 © 2006 Shropshire Geological Society ISSN 1750-855X (Print) ISSN 1750-8568 (Online) Building stones in the churches and church yards of the Stretton Hills David Pannett1 PANNETT, D. (2006). Building stones in the churches and church yards of the Stretton Hills. Proceedings of the Shropshire Geological Society, 11, 2-4. The field excursion which met at Craven Arms on May 15th 2004 focused on churches around the Stretton Hills, since this area is already well known for its complex geology and associated landscape patterns, which might be expected to be reflected in the choice of building stones. Geology and local history have made each of the churches different, but they nevertheless reveal some common trends. Three of them (St Laurence Church Stretton, St James Cardington, and St Peter Rushbury) still have Norman naves built of very locally derived rubble, later enlarged with better quality stone from fewer, specialised quarries. Meanwhile, the church of St Margaret at Acton Scott persevered in its use of the stone won from its own local and unique outcrop of Ordovician limestone. Implications for conservation are discussed and the role of render is considered. 1Bicton, UK. E-mail: [email protected] 1. INTRODUCTION 2. NORMAN TIMES Church guidebooks, however well produced, often Geology and local history have made each of the fail to mention what the buildings are actually churches different, but they nevertheless reveal made of. For instance, whereas John Leonard’s some common trends. Three of them (St Laurence recently published book (2004) provides an Church Stretton, St James Cardington, and St Peter excellent summary of their history and Rushbury) still have Norman naves built of locally architecture, mention is rarely made of their derived rubble. One suspects that these building building stones. This is in spite of the general stones may have been won by surface clearance of inspiration given by the writings of the late Alec weathered outcrops and glacial drift rather than Clifton-Taylor (1962) and a more recent local deliberate quarrying into the bedrock. When survey of building stone by Ann Scard (1990). placed in position, the most naturally flat faces This is sufficient justification for the Shropshire would be presented to the outside leaving the more Geological Society to attempt to plug this gap in uneven parts hidden by the thick mortar or within the appreciation of our heritage. the body of the wall. The field excursion led by David Pannett and The skills of the masons at the time, and the Andrew Jenkinson (Rosenbaum, 2006), focused nature of the material, were such that ‘courses’ on churches around the Stretton Hills, since this could only be roughly achieved. Nevertheless area is already well known for its complex geology broader bands of work, representing distinct and associated landscape patterns, which might be episodes of building, between pauses for expected to be reflected in the choice of building settlement and drying, can still be recognized at stones (Greig et al., 1968; Toghill, 1992). Rushbury. The original source, and even the The examination of church walls can often identity, of all this mixed-up material is not always reveal ‘clean’ specimens which can frequently easy to sort out, especially since glacial ice may reveal the differences between the various have transported the odd erratic from further lithologies. These stimulate discussion between afield. However, erratics usually appear as well observers concerning the environments which may rounded pebbles or small boulders and may have produced them and lead to a general debate include familiar red ‘granite’ from as far away as on identifying sources. the Lake District. Building stones won from local outcrops may sometimes be distinctively recognisable by their character in the wall. For example, weathered dolerite often appears as ‘rusty’ rounded Proceedings of the Shropshire Geological Society, 11, 2−4 2 © 2006 Shropshire Geological Society BUILDING STONES IN THE CHURCHES AND CHURCH YARDS OF THE STRETTON HILLS ‘corestones’, whereas hard pink Uriconian 3. EARLY ENGLISH TIMES rhyolites preserve their fresh appearance. th By the 13 Century, there is yet more evidence of At St Laurence Church Stretton (Figure 1), quarrying in such selected formations. This led to Longmyndian shales and grits are well more homogeneous walls, aided by improved represented, but some have a red colour, rather masonry techniques. This is particularly well more like ‘Western Longmyndian’ than the more shown by the chancel at Cardington. The chancel local Stretton Series. Could some of it actually be and transepts at Church Stretton show the first use Keele Beds from Pitchford? At Rushbury, of Ordovician Soudley Sandstone (from Hope Wenlock Edge is close by, but the limestone has Bowdler), chosen for ease of cutting rather than its been used less often than the basal Silurian characteristic decorative banding.
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