Indigenous South African that Provide Food for Honeybees Honeybees feed on nectar (carbohydrates) and (protein) from a wide variety of flowering plants. While the honeybee forages for nectar and pollen, it transfers pollen from one flower to another, providing the service of pollination, which allows the to reproduce. However, bees don’t pollinate all flowers that they visit. This list is based on observations of bees visiting flowers in Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden, and on a variety of references, in particular the following: Plant of the Week articles on www.PlantZAfrica.com Johannsmeier, M.F. 2005. Beeplants of the South-, Nectar and pollen sources of honeybees (revised and expanded). Plant Protection Research Institute Handbook No. 17. Agricultural Research Council, Plant Protection Research Institute, Pretoria, South Africa This list is primarily Western Cape, but does have application elsewhere. When planting, check with a local nursery for subspecies or varieties that occur locally to prevent inappropriate hybridisations with natural veld species in your vicinity.

Annuals Gazania spp. Scabiosa columbaria Arctotis fastuosa Geranium drakensbergensis Scabiosa drakensbergensis Arctotis hirsuta Geranium incanum Scabiosa incisa Arctotis venusta Geranium multisectum Selago corymbosa Carpanthea pomeridiana Geranium sanguineum Selago canescens Ceratotheca triloba (& Helichrysum argyrophyllum Selago villicaulis ‘Purple Turtle’ carpenter bees) Helichrysum cymosum Senecio glastifolius Dimorphotheca pluvialis Helichrysum dasyanthum Senecio halimifolius Dimorphotheca sinuata Helichrysum foetidum Senecio lineatus Dorotheanthus bellidiformis Helichrysum odoratissimum Senecio rigidus dubia Helichrysum patulum Senecio macrocephalus Felicia elongata Helichrysum petiolare Chaenostoma caeruleum (= Felicia heterophylla Helichrysum umbraculigerum Sutera caerulea) Heliophila coronopifolia Hemizygia see Syncolostemon Chaenostoma cordata (= Sutera Nemesia strumosa Hermannia pinnata cordata) Senecio elegans Hermannia saccifera Chaenostoma hispida Ursinia spp. Lasiospermum bipinnatum Chaenostoma pauciflora Leonotis leonurus Syncolostemon spp. Herbaceous perennials & Lessertia frutescens (=Hemizygia spp.) groundcovers (=Sutherlandia) Syncolostemon latidens Aerva leucura Lobelia coronopifolia Syncolostemon obermeyerae Anchusa capensis Lobelia pinifolia Syncolostemon transvaalensis Aptenia cordifolia Mentha longifolia Ursinia abrotanifolia Arctotis arctotoides Monopsis lutea Ursinia sericea Arctotis stoechadifolia Monopsis unidentata Wahlenbergia rivularis Artemisia afra Ocimum labiatum Walafrida nitida Asparagus spp. incl. A. (=Orthosiphon amabilis, O. densiflorus labiatus) Shrubs Barleria obtusa Osteospermum spp. Anisodontea julii Berkheya spp. Otholobium virgatum Anisodontea scabrosa Cotula sericea (=O.decumbens) Aspalathus spp. Diascia spp. Pycnostachys reticulata Athanasia crithmifolia Dimorphotheca cuneata Pycnostachys urticifolia Athanasia dentata Dissotis princeps (carpenter Salvia aurita Barleria obtusa bees) Salvia disermas Bauhinia spp. Eumorphia prostrata Salvia repens Berzelia lanuginosa Felicia spp. Scabiosa africana Brunia albiflora

Indigenous plants that provide food for honeybees (not in order of importance)

Brunia noduliflora Lobostemon montanus Stachys spp. S.aethiopica. Buddleja auriculata Lycium afrum S.rugosa Buddleja loricata Lycium ferocissimum Strelitzia reginae Buddleja saligna Melianthus comosus Stoebe spp. Buddleja salviifolia Melianthus major Syncarpha argyropsis Calobota cytisoides (=Lebeckia Metalasia muricata Syncarpha spp. cytisoides) Morella cordifolia (male plants) Syncolostemon latidens Calobota sericea (=Lebeckia (=Myrica cordifolia) Syncolostemon teucriifolius sericea) Muraltia spinosa (=Nylandtia Tecomaria capensis Chrysanthemoides incana spinosa) Tetradenia riparia Chrysanthemoides monilifera Muraltia spp. Vernonia spp. Chrysocoma coma-aurea Nymania capensis Wiborgia spp. Clerodendrum myricoides Ochna serrulata Clerodendrum ugandense Oldenburgia grandis Climbers Cliffortia ilicifolia Otholobium fruticans Asparagus spp. Cliffortia odorata Orphium frutescens (& Clematis brachiata Cliffortia ruscifolia carpenter bees) Dialium schlechteri Commiphora spp. Otholobium hirtum Podranea ricasoliana (carpenter Crotalaria capensis Othonna spp bees) Cussonia spp. Passerina spp. Rhoicissus digitata Cyclopia spp. Pavetta spp. Rhoicissus tomentosa Didelta carnosa Phylica ericoides Senecio macroglossus Didelta spinosa Phylica pubescens Senecio tamoides Dombeya spp. Phylica purpurea Thunbergia alata Dovyalis caffra Podalyria calyptrata (& Eriocephalus africanus carpenter bees) Aquatic Plants Eriocephalus ericoides Podalyria sericea Aponogeton distachyos Euryops abrotanifolius Polygala fruticosa Mentha aquatica Euryops annae Polygala myrtifolia Nymphaea nouchali var. Euryops pectinatus Polygala virgata caerulea Euryops speciosissimus Printzia polyfolia Nymphoides indica Euryops virgineus Rhigozum obovatum Felicia aethiopica Rhus spp. now Searsia Bulbous Plants Roella spp. Agapanthus praecox Felicia filifolia Salvia africana-caerulea Agapanthus praecox hybrids Felicia fruticosa Salvia africana-lutea Aristea capitata (& carpenter Freylinia lanceolata Salvia chamelaeagnea bees) Grewia spp. Salvia dolomitica Babiana angustifolia Grewia occidentalis Sparrmannia africana Babiana fragrans Greyia spp. Psoralea pinnata Babiana pygmaea Hermannia spp. Pteronia incana Babiana rubrocyanea Heterolepis aliena Rafnia spp. Babiana stricta Hypoestes aristata Salvia repens Bulbinella spp. Jasminum multipartitum Schistostephium umbellatum Chasmanthe bicolor Limonium peregrinum Scutia myrtina Chasmanthe floribunda Limonium scabrum Searsia spp. (=Rhus spp.) Clivia miniata Lippia spp. Searsia laevigata Dierama pendulum Lobostemon belliformis Searsia lucida Dietes spp. Lobostemon fruticosus Searsia tomentosa Eucomis comosa Indigenous plants that provide food for honeybees (not in order of importance)

Freesia alba Agathosma betulina Erica formosa Gladiolus alatus Agathosma cerefolium Erica glabella Gladiolus aureus Agathosma ciliaris Erica glandulosa Gladiolus carinatus Agathosma collina Erica hirtiflora Gladiolus gracilis Agathosma crenulata Erica intervallaris Gladiolus griseus Agathosma glabrata Erica lateralis Gladiolus hirsutus Agathosma gonaquensis Erica nudiflora Gladiolus inflexus Agathosma mucronulata Erica perspicua Gladiolus jonquillodorus Agathosma ovata (& cultivars) Erica plumosa Gladiolus meliusculus Agathosma serpyllacea Erica quadrangularis Gladiolus papilio Agathosma spp. particularly: Erica sitiens Gladiolus patersoniae Coleonema spp. Erica scabriuscula Gladiolus quadrangulus Diosma spp. Erica sparsa Gladiolus trichonemifolius Euchaetis meridionalis Erica taxifolia Gladiolus watsonius Erica versicolor Haemanthus spp. Pelargoniums Erica vestita Hypoxis spp. Pelargonium betulinum Ixia dubia Pelargonium candicans Restios – male plants (pollen) Ixia flexuosa Pelargonium capitatum Calopsis paniculata Kniphofia spp. Pelargonium cordifolium Ceratocaryum argenteum Lachenalia spp. Pelargonium crithmifolium possibly Merwilla plumbea Pelargonium cucullatum Elegia capensis Moraea bifida Pelargonium echinatum Elegia cuspidata Moraea collina Pelargonium fruticosum Elegia filacea Moraea comptonii Pelargonium fulgidum Elegia fistulosa Moraea elegans Pelargonium glutinosum Elegia capensis Moraea miniata Pelargonium graveolens Restio dispar Moraea ochroleuca Pelargonium grossularioides Restio multiflorus Moraea pseudospicata Pelargonium papilionaceum Restio subverticillatus Moraea reflexa Pelargonium scabrum Thamnochortus bachmannii Nerine spp. Pelargonium suburbanum Thamnochortus cinereus Ornithogalum thyrsoides Pelargonium tricolor Thamnochortus fraternus Oxalis spp. Thamnochortus insignis Oxalis pes-caprae Ericas many species as listed Thamnochortus lucens Oxalis purpurea below (AVOID tube-flowered Thamnochortus pluristachyus Tritonia crocata spp with very sticky flowers Thamnochortus spicigerus Wachendorfia thyrsiflora that can trap bees) Willdenowia spp. Watsonia borbonica Erica alexandri Wurmbea stricta (=Onixotis Erica arborea stricta) Erica articularis umbellata Zantedeschia aethiopica Erica baccans spp. especially: Erica bauera Leucadendron daphnoides Grasses many species Erica caffra Leucadendron sessile Erica canaliculata Leucadendron tinctum Buchus Erica curvirostris spp. especially Acmadenia heterophylla Erica deliciosa Leucospermum bolusii Acmadenia mundiana Erica densifolia Leucospermum catherinae Acmadenia obtusata Erica discolor Leucospermum Adenandra spp. Erica dispar conocarpodendron Indigenous plants that provide food for honeybees (not in order of importance)

Leucospermum cordifolium Carpobrotus spp. Euclea crispa Leucospermum cuneiforme Cephalophyllum spp. Euclea natalensis Leucospermum erubescens Conicosia pugioniformis Euclea racemosa Leucospermum formosum Crassula multicava Euclea tomentosa Leucospermum glabrum Crassula multiflora Euclea undulata Leucospermum mundii Crassula ovata rochetiana Leucospermum oleifolium Delosperma spp. Leucospermum praecox Drosanthemum spp. Ficus spp. (propolis from injury Leucospermum reflexum Euphorbia spp. E. mauritanica sites) Leucospermum tottum Jordaaniella anemoniflora Galpinia transvaalica chrysanthus Lampranthus spp. Halleria lucida Malephora crocea Harpephyllum caffrum Oscularia deltoides Ilex mitis spp. Othonna carnosa Kigelia africana Paranomus reflexus Ruschia spp. Kiggelaria africana spp. particularly: Sarcocaulon crassicaule Loxostylis alata Tetragonia fruticosa Metrosideros angustifolius Tetragonia decumbens Mimusops spp. (summer rainfall) Tetragonia spicata Nuxia floribunda Zygophyllum fulvum Ochna spp. O.pulchra Zygophyllum spinosum Olea spp. Peltophorum africanum Trees Phoenix reclinata Acacia spp. Prunus africana Albizia spp. Pterocarpus spp. Apodytes dimidiata Rapanea melanophloeos Berchemia discolor Rauvolfia caffra (summer stellatifolium Schotia spp. rainfall) Brachylaena neriifolia Sclerocarya birrea Protea subvestita (summer Bridelia micrantha Searsia lancea (=Rhus lancea) rainfall) Buddleja saligna Searsia viminalis (=Rhus spp: including Burchellia bubalina viminalis) Serruria aemula Calodendrum capense Schrebera alata Serruria aitonii Canthium inerme Sideroxylon inerme Cassine peragua Strelitzia nicolai Serruria fucifolia Clausena anisata Syzygium cordatum Serruria glomerata Combretum spp. Syzygium guineense Serruria rosea Croton spp. Syzygium pondoense Serruria triternata Cunonia capensis Tarchonanthus spp Serruria villosa Dais cotinifolia Tarchonanthus spp. Dichrostachys cinerea Terminalia spp Succulents Diospyros spp. Trema orientalis Aloe spp. particularly: Dodonaea viscosa Trichilia emetica Aloe arborescens Ekebergia capensis Vepris lanceolata Aloe ferox Ekebergia pterophylla Virgilia spp. (carpenter bees) Aloe marlothii Erythrina caffra Zanthoxylum capense Aloe speciosa Erythrina latissima Ziziphus rivularis Bulbine spp. Euclea spp

Indigenous plants that provide food for honeybees (not in order of importance)