NORTHEAST MARKET MONITORING EXERCISE Snapshot: 5-13th April 2021 INTRODUCTION KEY DEVELOPMENTS To inform humanitarian cash programming, REACH in partnership Coverage and data collection dates NES SMEB stabilises at highest Notable appreciation of the SYP against with the northeast (NES) and northwest (NWS) Syria Cash Working Group (CWG) conducts monthly Market Monitoring In April 2021, REACH and partners covered: recorded cost in SYP the USD Exercises in northern Syria to assess the availability and prices • 3 governorates In April, the value of the regional SMEB In April, the SYP appreciated against the of 36 basic commodities that are typically sold in markets and consumed by average Syrian households, including food and • 8 districts stabilized at 350,898 Syrian pounds (SYP), USD. The informal USD/SYP regional non-food items, water, fuel, and cellphone data. a minor decrease (0.2%) compared to April, • 24 subdistricts median exchange rate decreased by Of these, 18 items comprise the Survival Minimum Expenditure but a 72% increase since October 2020. 11%, seeing a regional median of 3,413 Basket (SMEB; see below), which represents the minimum, • 47 communities This remains at the highest ever recorded culturally adjusted items required to support a 6-person USD/SYP. The highest exchange rate • 1,307 individual shops price in the Market Monitoring exercise in household for a month. was recorded at 3,550 SYP for 1 USD in Please note that prices should be seen NES. The SMEB in United States Dollars Data collection took place between 5-13th April 2021 and was Shaddadah community, in Al-Hasakeh conducted by REACH, CARE, Shafak, Global Communities, as representative only of the markets and (USD) increased from 90 USD in March to Danish Church Aid, Mercy Corps, People In Need, Solidarités dates where and when information was 102 USD in April, the highest recorded cost governorate. International and Samaritan’s Purse. collected (5-13th April). in USD since March 2020. The accompanying data is disseminated monthly and is distributed through partners across the humanitarian community. See REACH Resource Centre for the April 2021 data. MEDIAN SMEB COST IN SYP (USD), BY REGION ASSESSED AREAS AND COVERAGE 350,898 SYP (102 USD)

SURVIVAL MINIMUM EXPENDITURE NORTHEAST SYRIA TURKEY Amuda Al-Malikeyyeh - AL-HASAKEH, AL-, AND EASTERN GOVERNORATES BASKET (SMEB) CONTENTS ² Qahtaniyyeh Jawadiyah Quamishli Ain Ya'robiyah Item Quantity Be'r Al-Hulo al Arab Food Bread 37 kg AL-HASAKEH Al-Wardeyyeh Tal Hmis MEDIAN SMEB COST, BY MONTH Items Menbij Tal Tamer Bulgur 15 kg Sarin Ein Issa Thousand Syrian Pounds Chicken 6 kg Abu Qalqal AR-RAQQA Al-Hasakeh Hole 350 Eggs 6 kg Areesheh Jurneyyeh Ar-Raqqa Karama Shadadah Fresh vegetables 12 kg ALEPPO Ghee/vegetable oil 7 kg/L Al-Thawrah 300 Red lentils 15 kg Mansura IRAQ Rice 19 kg Salt 1 kg Sugar 5 kg 250 Tomato paste 6 kg Hygiene Bathing soap 12 bars DEIR-EZ-ZOR items Laundry/dish soap 3 kg km 200 Sanitary pads 4 packs of 10 0 50 100 Toothpaste 200 g Assessed sub-district with complete SMEB data TURKEY Fuel Cooking fuel* 25 L collection 150 Water Water trucking 4500 L Assessed sub-district with SMEB data collection Telecom Smartphone data 1 GB missing items IRAQ Other Float (other costs)** 7.5% total value Assessed sub-district with complete SMEB data collection, only water trucking price unavailable * Kerosene in northern Syria Sub-district not assessed JORDAN 2020−04 2020−06 2020−08 2020−10 2020−12 2021−02 2021−04 ** Float only applied to observations where prices of all SMEB contents could be collected NORTHEAST SYRIA - KEY DEVELOPMENTS AND OVERVIEW KEY DEVELOPMENTS

Prices increased slightly for transport fuels overall; high quality fuels remained unavailable Stabilisation of food item prices, bread prices dropped notably in the short and medium term In April, the regional median price for transport fuel was 575 SYP per litre, an increase of 2% since March The value of the regional SMEB food component increased slightly by 1% between March and April, again reaching a record high and an increase of 77% since October 2020. The price of high-quality petrol increased by 6% since March, median value of 267,750 SYP. The price of the SMEB vegetable component increased by 33% since March. The price development and by 60% since October 2020. The price of high-quality diesel saw the greatest change, which increased for monitored vegetables varied. Increases in price were seen for cucumbers (58%), onions (40%), and tomatoes (50%). According by 167% since March, a 191% increase since October 2020. As in previous months, high quality transport to REACH field teams, these price developments are likely due to the more expensive reliance on the import of fresh foods from fuels were reported widely unavailable in assessed markets due to high demand and fuel smuggling GoS areas, affected by high transportation costs and increasing dollar exchange rates. However, potatoes decreased in price by between NES and Government of Syria (GoS)-held areas, as well as from NWS. 79% of fuel vendors 4% since March as they are now in season and produced locally. reported that high quality diesel was not available in their market, although this is a drop of 8 percentage The cost of chicken decreased by 16% since March, primarily as a result of SYP gaining back some value, and partially due to the points since March. 65% reported the same regarding high quality petrol, a drop of 4 percentage points reduced requirements of heating needed for poultry farming. However, this is a 65% increase in price since October 2020. The cost since March. of eggs also decreased by 7% since March, yet increased by 58% since October 2020. Prices for manually refined fuels showed different price developments between March and April. Manually The average price for bulk foods stabilized since March (0.2% decrease overall), but this is a 63% increase since October 2020. refined diesel decreased by 17% since March, returning to the same price as 6 months ago in October At the item level, only red lentils increased in price, by 3%. All other items decreased in price: bulgur and rice decreased by 4%, 2020. Conversely, manually refined petrol increased by 46% since March, an increase of 58% since sugar and tomato paste decreased by 8%, and salt decreased by 5%. According to REACH field teams, these prices decreased October 2020.The price of manually refined kerosene, primarily used for cooking and heating, increased by due to appreciation of the SYP, however red lentils increased in price due to an increase in demand during the Ramadan period. 13% since March. This continues an 80% six-month price increase since October 2020. The price increase The price of bread also decreased considerably across NES by 45% between March and April, a 37% decrease since October is attributed to an increase in unavailability. In April, manually refined kerosene was reported as unavailable 2020. This is attributed to both the appreciation of the SYP and general subsidies by the authorities. The average bread prices by 16% of vendors, an increase of 5 percentage points since March. However, LP gas remained stable with varied between governorates: Northeast Aleppo: 263 SYP, Al-Hasakeh: 250 SYP, Ar-Raqqa: 200 SYP per 8 pieces. Conversely, no change since March, decreased by 3% in price since October 2020, and continued to be recorded as flour prices increased by 8% in April, contributing to a 133% increase in the same six-month period. available by 100% of surveyed vendors.

MEDIAN SMEB COSTS & CHANGES* One Six One Six Sub-district SMEB month month Sub-district SMEB month month Syrian Pounds change* change* change* change* Northeast Syria 350,898 0% 72% Jawadiyah 353,321 1% 112% Abu Qalqal 303,062 -5% 65% Jurneyyeh 324,526 0% 56% MEDIAN SMEB COSTS, BY MONTH EXCHANGE RATES, BY MONTH AND CURRENCY Thousand Syrian Pounds Ain al Arab 339,769 3% 77% Karama 383,168 11% 106% 4000 Mansura 401,818 17% 92% Al-Hasakeh 361,098 0% 66% 400 Markada 345,120 0% 71% REGION Al-Malikeyyeh 305,245 2% 60% 3000 USD/SYP Menbij 316,406 1% 64% SUB-DISTRICTSREGION Al-Thawrah 319,496 -5% 43% 4000 SUB-DISTRICTS Qahtaniyyeh 320,646 6% 54% 300 3000 Amuda 345,769 8% 69% 2000 Quamishli 371,311 6% 66% 1000 2000 2020−04 2020−06 2020−08 2020−10 2020−12 2021−02 2021−04 Areesheh 373,915 6% 74% Sarin 330,761 3% NA Ar-Raqqa+ 346,357 -12% NA Shadadah 375,747 8% 83% 200 1000 Be'r Al-Hulo 355,439 -5% 51% Tal Hmis 325,513 -4% 80% SYP/TRY Al-Wardeyyeh Ein Issa 362,334 -2% 81% Tal Tamer** NA NA NA 100 Hole 304,155 -21% 46% Ya'robiyah 316,144 -11% 52% + For price and change calculations, only the communities within a sub-district with consistent coverage across months are included. 2020−04 2020−06 2020−08 2020−10 2020−12 2021−02 2021−04 2020−04 2020−06 2020−08 2020−10 2020−12 2021−02 2021−04 This applies to all the following tables. * For these sub-districts, more than 50% of the SMEB items median prices rely on less than 3 observations. ** For these sub-districts, all of the SMEB items median prices rely on less than 3 observations. Note: Lack of data for a SMEB item does not necessarily imply a shortage.

Syria Northeast Market Monitoring Monthly Snapshot: 5-13th April 2021 CASH WORKING GROUP 2 NORTHEAST SYRIA - SMEB COST RANGES

SMEB COST RANGES (SYP), BY SUB-DISTRICTS

Syria Northeast Market Monitoring Monthly Snapshot: 5-13th April 2021 CASH WORKING GROUP 3 NORTHEAST SYRIA - SMEB COST RANGES

SMEB COST: ONE MONTH & SIX MONTHS TREND

çÆ Closed çÆ Open çÆ Sporadically Open çÆ Al-Malikeyyeh çÆ Jawadiyah çÆ TURKEY Amuda Quamishli Qahtaniyyeh çÆ ² Ain al Arab Ya'robiyah çÆ çÆ Be'r Al-Hulo Tal Hmis çÆ Al-Wardeyyeh Tal-Tamer Menbij AL-HASAKEH Al-Hasakeh Abu Sarin Ein Issa - - Qalqal - Hole AR-RAQQA Areesheh Ar-Raqqa IRAQ Jurneyyeh Shadadah - Karama

ALEPPO Al-Thawrah Markada

Mansura

SMEB Cost: 1 Month & 6 Months Trend 1 Month Trend 6 Months Trend > 100% 51% - 100% 26% - 50% DEIR-EZ-ZOR 1% - 25%

-9% - 0% -19% - -10% Comparison not possible - Assessed sub-district km Assessed sub-district SMEB 0 30 60 without water trucking

Syria Northeast Market Monitoring Monthly Snapshot: 5-13th April 2021 CASH WORKING GROUP 4 NORTHEAST SYRIA - SMEB COST: FOOD ITEMS

MEDIAN SMEB COST: FOOD ITEMS SMEB FOOD ITEMS’ COST Syrian Pounds Sub-districts & Communities, Syrian Pounds çÆ Closed çÆ Open çÆ Sporadically Open One Six One Six çÆ SMEB SMEB Sub-district month month Sub-district month month Food Food çÆ çÆ Al-Malikeyyeh change* change* change* change* Jawadiyah Northeast Syria 267,750 1% 70% Jawadiyah 275,671 0% 108% çÆ TURKEY Amuda Quamishli Qahtaniyyeh çÆ çÆ Ber Al-Hulo Abu Qalqal 246,525 -5% 71% Jurneyyeh 256,588 -1% 59% Ain al Arab Yarobiyah çÆ Al-Wardeyyeh Ain al Arab 272,525 5% 84% Karama 312,664 12% 113% AL-HASAKEH Tal Hmis Menbij Mansura 333,150 20% 99% Tal Tamer Al-Hasakeh 276,975 -1% 72% Sarin Ein Issa Al-Hasakeh Markada 260,454 1% 75% Abu Qalqal AR-RAQQA Hole Al-Malikeyyeh 248,127 -1% 60% Menbij 256,563 0% 72% Al-Thawrah 253,550 -4% 46% Areesheh Qahtaniyyeh 267,750 9% 58% Jurneyyeh Ar-Raqqa Amuda 289,679 12% 76% Karama Shadadah Quamishli 288,650 4% 76% ALEPPO Areesheh 278,525 6% 76% Sarin 243,660 2% NA Al-Thawrah Markada Ar-Raqqa 266,850 -12% 70% Shadadah 274,803 12% 88% Mansura Be'r Al-Hulo 268,466 -3% 45% Tal Hmis 264,679 -1% 84% Al-Wardeyyeh IRAQ Ein Issa 279,458 -4% 76% Tal Tamer** NA NA NA Hole 228,888 -23% 53% Ya'robiyah 260,400 -12% 53% ² * For these sub-districts, more than 50% of the SMEB Food items median prices rely on less than 3 observations. ** For these sub-districts, all of the SMEB Food items median prices rely on less than 3 observations. DEIR-EZ-ZOR SMEB Cost: Food Items 240,000 SYP or less

240,001 to 260,000 SYP MEDIAN SMEB COST: FOOD ITEMS, BY MONTH Thousand Syrian Pounds 260,001 to 280,000 SYP 280,001 to 300,000 SYP Community Sub-District

300,001 SYP or greater

300 Price not available

Governorate boundary

250 km Sub-district boundary REGION 0 20 40

SUB-DISTRICTS 200

150

100

2020−04 2020−06 2020−08 2020−10 2020−12 2021−02 2021−04

Syria Northeast Market Monitoring Monthly Snapshot: 5-13th April 2021 CASH WORKING GROUP 5 NORTHEAST SYRIA - SMEB COST: WATER TRUCKING

MEDIAN SMEB WATER TRUCKING PRICE SMEB WATER TRUCKING COST 4,500L, Syrian Pounds Sub-districts & Communities, Syrian Pounds One Six One Six çÆ Closed çÆ Open çÆ Sporadically Open Governorate Capital Motorway/Primary Road SMEB SMEB çÆ Sub-district month month Sub-district month month Water Water change* change* change* change* çÆ çÆ Al-Malikeyyeh TURKEY Jawadiyah Northeast Syria 14,096 -13% 4% Jawadiyah** NA NA NA çÆ AmudaQuamishli Qahtaniyyeh Æ çÆ Abu Qalqal 6,210 -12% 19% Jurneyyeh** NA NA NA ç Ain al Arab Yarobiyah çÆ Ain al Arab 9,000 -27% 33% Karama** NA NA NA AL-HASAKEH Ber Al-Hulo Tal Hmis Mansura** NA NA NA Menbij Al-Wardeyyeh Al-Hasakeh 22,905 19% 40% Ein Issa Markada 16,380 -4% 21% Abu Qalqal AR-RAQQA Al-Hasakeh Al-Malikeyyeh** NA NA NA Hole Menbij 7,200 9% 7% Al-Thawrah** NA NA NA Areesheh Qahtaniyyeh** NA NA NA Jurneyyeh Ar-Raqqa IRAQ Amuda** NA NA NA Karama Quamishli 11,813 0% -34% ALEPPO Shadadah Areesheh 20,475 7% 25% Al-Thawrah Sarin** NA NA NA Markada Ar-Raqqa 8,393 -45% NA Shadadah 29,430 -13% 57% Be'r Al-Hulo Mansura 21,375 6% 58% Tal Hmis** NA NA NA Al-Wardeyyeh** Ein Issa** 4,680 0% 108% Tal Tamer** NA NA NA ² Hole** 22,433 -3% 25% Ya'robiyah** NA NA NA SMEB Cost: Water * For these sub-districts, more than 50% of water median prices rely on less than 3 observations. 5,000 SYP or less ** For these sub-districts, all of the water median prices rely on less than 3 observations. DEIR-EZ-ZOR 5,001 to 10,000 SYP

10,001 to 15,000 SYP Community Sub-District MEDIAN SMEB WATER TRUCKING COSTS, BY MONTH 15,001 to 20,000 SYP Thousand Syrian Pounds 20,001 SYP or greater

Price not available

Governorate boundary

30 Sub-district boundary

km REGION 0 20 40 SUB-DISTRICTS 20

10

0

2020−04 2020−06 2020−08 2020−10 2020−12 2021−02 2021−04

Syria Northeast Market Monitoring Monthly Snapshot: 5-13th April 2021 CASH WORKING GROUP 6 NORTHEAST SYRIA - SMEB COST: HYGIENE ITEMS

MEDIAN SMEB HYGIENE ITEMS’ PRICE SMEB HYGIENE ITEMS’ COST 12 bars of soap, 4 packs of 10 sanitary pads, 3kg of laundry/dish soap, 200g of toothpaste, Syrian Pounds Sub-districts & Communities, Syrian Pounds

SMEB One Six SMEB One Six çÆ Closed çÆ Open çÆ Sporadically Open çÆ Sub-district Hygiene month month Sub-district Hygiene month month Items change* change* Items change* change* çÆ çÆ Al-Malikeyyeh Jawadiyah Jawadiyah 42,100 9% 160% Northeast Syria 25,986 -9% 50% çÆ TURKEY AmudaQuamishli Qahtaniyyeh Æ çÆ Abu Qalqal 19,505 -2% 43% Jurneyyeh 25,048 -1% 27% ç Ain al Arab Yarobiyah çÆ Ain al Arab 25,540 -9% 68% Karama 25,986 -2% 54% AL-HASAKEH Ber Al-Hulo Tal Hmis Mansura 23,134 -8% 33% Menbij Al-Wardeyyeh Al-Hasakeh 26,075 -10% 54% Ein Issa Markada 25,708 0% 48% Abu Qalqal AR-RAQQA Al-Hasakeh Al-Malikeyyeh 23,372 31% 25% Hole Menbij 20,481 0% 28% Al-Thawrah 23,741 -19% 10% Areesheh Qahtaniyyeh 25,400 11% 30% Jurneyyeh Ar-Raqqa Amuda 26,967 -21% 22% Karama Quamishli 34,975 16% 101% ALEPPO Shadadah Areesheh 32,703 2% 100% Sarin 27,426 12% NA Al-Thawrah Kisreh Markada Ar-Raqqa 27,900 -5% 58% Shadadah 30,957 15% 91% Mansura Be'r Al-Hulo 26,800 -25% 62% Tal Hmis 25,124 -25% 45% Al-Wardeyyeh Tal Tamer** NA NA NA Sur IRAQ Ein Issa 31,667 4% 109% Ya'robiyah 28,200 -8% 52% Hole 25,065 -14% 34% ² * For these sub-districts, more than 50% of the hygiene items median prices rely on less than 3 observations. Thiban ** For these sub-districts, all of the hygiene items median prices rely on less than 3 observations. DEIR-EZ-ZOR Hajin SMEB Cost: Hygiene

22,000 SYP or less

MEDIAN SMEB HYGIENE ITEMS’ COSTS, BY MONTH 22,001 to 26,000 SYP Thousand Syrian Pounds 26,001 to 30,000 SYP

30,001 to 34,000 SYP 40 Sub-District Community 34,001 SYP or more

Price not available

Governorate boundary 30 REGION km Sub-district boundary SUB-DISTRICTS 0 20 40

20

10

2020−04 2020−06 2020−08 2020−10 2020−12 2021−02 2021−04

Syria Northeast Market Monitoring Monthly Snapshot: 5-13th April 2021 CASH WORKING GROUP 7 NORTHEAST SYRIA - SMEB COST: PHONE DATA

MEDIAN SMEB CELLPHONE DATA PRICE SMEB CELLPHONE DATA COST 1GB data, Syrian Pounds Sub-districts & Communities, Syrian Pounds One Six One Six çÆ Closed çÆ Open çÆ Sporadically Open Æ SMEB SMEB ç Sub-district month month Sub-district month month Data Data change* change* change* change* çÆ çÆ Al-Malikeyyeh Jawadiyah Northeast Syria 2,750 0% 38% Jawadiyah 900 44% -10% çÆ TURKEY Amuda Quamishli Qahtaniyyeh çÆ çÆ Ber Al-Hulo Abu Qalqal 6,554 -3% 25% Jurneyyeh 2,750 -8% -45% Ain al Arab Yarobiyah çÆ Al-Wardeyyeh Ain al Arab 5,500 0% 10% Karama 1,536 0% -23% AL-HASAKEH Tal Hmis Mansura 2,500 0% 25% Menbij Tal Tamer Al-Hasakeh 2,450 -18% 23% Sarin Al-Hasakeh Markada 3,500 0% 40% Ein Issa Al-Malikeyyeh 1,200 20% 92% Abu Qalqal AR-RAQQA Hole Menbij 6,963 5% 42% Al-Thawrah 4,915 0% -2% Areesheh Qahtaniyyeh 2,000 33% 33% Amuda 2,500 38% 300% Jurneyyeh Ar-Raqqa Quamishli 1,843 -26% -26% ALEPPO Karama Shadadah Areesheh 3,000 0% 20% Sarin 34,099 5% NA Markada Ar-Raqqa 2,800 12% 40% Shadadah 1,843 -54% -26% Al-Thawrah Be'r Al-Hulo Mansura 4,000 0% 300% Tal Hmis 3,000 20% 200% Al-Wardeyyeh Ein Issa 2,500 25% 25% Tal Tamer** NA NA NA IRAQ Hole 3,300 -18% 32% Ya'robiyah 1,425 19% -29% * For these sub-districts, more than 50% of cellphone data median prices rely on less than 3 observations. ² ** For these sub-districts, all of cellphone data median prices rely on less than 3 observations. SMEB Cost: Data DEIR-EZ-ZOR 1,000 SYP or less

MEDIAN SMEB CELLPHONE DATA COST, BY MONTH 1,001 to 2,000 SYP Thousand Syrian Pounds 2,001 to 3,000 SYP

3,001 to 4,000 SYP Community Sub-District 30 4,001 SYP or greater

Price not available

Governorate boundary km 20 Sub-district boundary 0 20 40

REGION 10 SUB-DISTRICTS

0

2020−04 2020−06 2020−08 2020−10 2020−12 2021−02 2021−04

Syria Northeast Market Monitoring Monthly Snapshot: 5-13th April 2021 CASH WORKING GROUP 8 NORTHEAST SYRIA - SMEB COST: COOKING FUEL

MEDIAN SMEB COOKING FUEL PRICE SMEB COOKING FUEL COST Kerosene 25L, Syrian Pounds Sub-districts & Communities, Syrian Pounds

SMEB One Six SMEB One Six çÆ Closed çÆ Open çÆ Sporadically Open çÆ Sub-district Cooking month month Sub-district Cooking month month Fuel change* change* Fuel change* change* çÆ çÆ Al-Malikeyyeh TURKEY Jawadiyah Northeast Syria 10,000 0% 60% Jawadiyah** 10,000 0% 100% çÆ Amuda Quamishli Qahtaniyyeh çÆ çÆ Ber Al-Hulo Abu Qalqal* 3,125 0% 25% Jurneyyeh 17,500 27% 133% Ain al Arab Yarobiyah çÆ Al-Wardeyyeh Karama** 16,250 8% 117% AL-HASAKEH Tal Hmis Ain al Arab* 3,500 0% 0% Menbij Mansura* 15,000 0% 100% Tal Tamer Al-Hasakeh 7,500 0% 20% Sarin Ein Issa Al-Hasakeh Markada 15,000 0% 140% Abu Qalqal AR-RAQQA Hole Al-Malikeyyeh* 11,250 0% 260% Menbij 3,125 0% 25% Areesheh Al-Thawrah 15,000 0% 100% Qahtaniyyeh** 3,125 -69% -4% Jurneyyeh Ar-Raqqa Amuda 2,500 0% -20% ALEPPO Karama Shadadah Quamishli 8,125 30% 30% Areesheh 13,125 40% 91% Sarin** 2,500 0% NA Al-Thawrah Markada Ar-Raqqa 16,250 11% 117% Shadadah* 12,500 0% 67% Mansura Be'r Al-Hulo 10,000 0% 220% Tal Hmis* 10,000 -20% 60% IRAQ Al-Wardeyyeh* Tal Tamer** NA NA NA ² Ein Issa 18,750 25% 150% Hole** 3,250 0% -48% Ya'robiyah* 4,063 8% 63% SMEB Cost: Cooking Fuel * For these sub-districts, more than 50% of cooking fuel median prices rely on less than 3 observations. 3,000 SYP or less ** For these sub-districts, all of cooking fuel median prices rely on less than 3 observations. DEIR-EZ-ZOR 3,001 to 6,000 SYP

6,001 to 9,000 SYP MEDIAN SMEB COOKING FUEL COSTS, BY MONTH 9,001 to 12,000 SYP Thousand Syrian Pounds 12,000 SYP or more

Price not available

Governorate boundary

Sub-district boundary 15 km 0 40 80 REGION SUB-DISTRICTS 10

5

2020−04 2020−06 2020−08 2020−10 2020−12 2021−02 2021−04

Syria Northeast Market Monitoring Monthly Snapshot: 5-13th April 2021 CASH WORKING GROUP 9 NORTHEAST SYRIA - TRANSPORT FUEL

MEDIAN TRANSPORT FUEL PRICE TRANSPORT FUEL COST Diesel and Petrol, 1L (High Quality and Manually Refined), Syrian Pounds Sub-districts & Communities, Syrian Pounds çÆ Closed çÆ Open çÆ Sporadically Open One Six One Six çÆ Transpoirt Transpoirt Sub-district month month Sub-district month month Fuel Fuel çÆ çÆ Al-Malikeyyeh change* change* change* change* Jawadiyah Æ TURKEY Northeast Syria 575 2% 77% Jawadiyah** 238 6% 46% ç AmudaQuamishli Qahtaniyyeh Æ çÆ ç Ain al Arab Yarobiyah Abu Qalqal* 1,145 81% 104% Jurneyyeh 694 11% 127% çÆ AL-HASAKEH Tal Hmis Karama* 495 -18% 52% Ber Al-Hulo Ain al Arab* 945 3% 61% Menbij Al-Wardeyyeh Mansura* 600 -8% 92% Ein Issa Al-Hasakeh 870 27% 74% Al-Hasakeh Abu Qalqal AR-RAQQA Hole Markada* 575 10% 100% Al-Malikeyyeh 856 501% 63% Areesheh Menbij* 1,103 79% 101% Al-Thawrah* 600 -53% 100% Jurneyyeh Ar-Raqqa Karama Qahtaniyyeh** 145 0% 66% ALEPPO Shadadah Amuda* 143 -25% NA Al-Thawrah Quamishli 741 9% 45% Markada Areesheh* 413 18% 74% Sarin* 161 0% NA Mansura Ar-Raqqa 869 -9% 27% Shadadah* 163 14% -39% IRAQ Be'r Al-Hulo 271 -62% -55% Tal Hmis* 400 7% 116% Al-Wardeyyeh* Ein Issa* 663 4% 89% Tal Tamer** NA NA NA ² Hole** 143 0% -39% Ya'robiyah* 275 5% -40% Transport Fuel Cost * For these sub-districts, more than 50% of transport fuel median prices rely on less than 3 observations. DEIR-EZ-ZOR ** For these sub-districts, all of ttransport fuel median prices rely on less than 3 observations. 200 SYP or less

201 to 400 SYP

401 to 600 SYP

MEDIAN TRANSPORT FUEL COSTS, BY MONTH & TYPE 601 to 800 SYP Syrian Pounds

Community Sub-District 801 SYP or more

Price not available

Governorate boundary 2000 km 0 20 40 Sub-district boundary HIGH QUALITY PETROL

1500

1000

MANUALLY REFINED DIESEL MANUALLY REFINED PETROL 500 HIGH QUALITY DIESEL

2020−04 2020−06 2020−08 2020−10 2020−12 2021−02 2021−04

Syria Northeast Market Monitoring Monthly Snapshot: 5-13th April 2021 CASH WORKING GROUP 10 NORTHEAST SYRIA - MARKET FUNCTIONALITY

SUPPLY CHALLENGES - PRICE INFLATION Sub-districts

çÆ Closed çÆ Open çÆ Sporadically Open MARKET FUNCTIONALITY to run out of supplies. When asked after how many days they would hypothetically run out of stock if çÆ In April, 63 out of the 1,307 surveyed vendors supplies were to be cut, 44% of surveyed vendors TURKEY Æ across NES reported having closed their shops. ² çÆ ç Al-Malikeyyeh said that they would run out of supplies in less than 57 of these shops were in Al-Hasakeh, 6 were in Æ Jawadiyah 3 days and 26% said in 3 to 7 days (see figure 2). ç Quamishli Qahtaniyyeh Ar-Raqqa and Northeast Aleppo reported no closed çÆ Ain al Arab çÆ Amuda Yarobiyah Across shop types, surveyed water trucking vendors Ber Al-Hulo shops, of those surveyed. çÆ Tal Hmis (90%), butchers (80%), vegetable vendors (78%), AL-HASAKEH Al-Wardeyyeh Menbij Tal Tamer bakers (66%) most commonly reported that they Sarin Ein Issa would run out in less than 3 days if unable to restock. Abu Qalqal Al-Hasakeh SUPPLY CHALLENGES AR-RAQQA Hole Most notably, 100% of water trucking vendors in In April, 87% of vendors reported facing supply Areesheh Ar-Raqqa and Eastern Aleppo governorate reported Jurneyyeh Ar-Raqqa challenges. The primary supply challenge cited that they would run out of supply in less than 3 days Karama Shadadah ALEPPO remained price inflation, reported by 75% of all if unable to restock. Al-Thawrah Markada surveyed vendors in Northeast Syria (NES). As a seemingly widespread supply challenge, price Mansura Figure 2: Reported number of days before all types of inflation issues may also impact vendors’ ability to vendors would hypothetically run out of stock, if supply IRAQ keep markets stocked with essential items. The lines were to be cut (1,249 respondents) second cited issue reported was that supply was 8% unable to keep up with consumer demand, reported by 24% of all surveyed vendors. Furthermore, 15% 22% Less than 3 days 44% DEIR-EZ-ZOR of surveyed vendors reported that their suppliers 44% 3 to 7 days 26% had limited supply, and 9% reported that their supply 1 to 3 weeks 22% had been affected by border crossing closures (see More than 1 month 8%

figure 1). 26% Figure 1: Most commonly reported supply challenges by all surveyed vendors (1,307 respondents) % of surveyed vendors per sub-district AVAILABILITY OF USD BANKNOTES reporting price inflation as their main Border crossings closed 9% supply challenge In April, informal currency exchange vendors No issues 13% were also asked about their stock levels for USD 0 - 20% Supplier limited supply 15% banknotes of different denominations. Across NES, 21 - 40% 98% of the 116 surveyed currency vendors reported Supply can't meet demand 24% having limited stock of one or more denomination. 41 - 60% Price inflation 75% Vendors most commonly reported limited supplies of 61 - 80% larger denomination notes such as 100 USD (69%) 81 - 100% and 50 USD (59%), potentially as these are more RESTOCKING commonly used for exchange transactions and Information not available JORDAN While supply challenges were reported, most therefore in higher demand. However, shortages of Governorate boundary vendors reported that they would be able to restock smaller notes were also reported across different governorates, with 5 USD banknotes most commonly km Sub-district boundary if they were to run out of supplies, with only 1% - or 0 20 40 16 of the 1,249 total surveyed vendors - reporting reported as limited in Al-Hasakeh governorate (by that they would be unable to restock if they were 64% of surveyed currency vendors).

Syria Northeast Market Monitoring Monthly Snapshot: 5-13th April 2021 CASH WORKING GROUP 11 NORTHEAST SYRIA - COVID-19

MEDIAN PRICE OF COVID-19 ITEMS AVAILABILITY OF FACE MASKS Syrian Pounds Northeast Syria

Plastic Sterile Hand Bottled çÆ Closed çÆ Open çÆ Sporadically Open Face mask Trash bags Sub-district gloves alcohol sanitiser bleach (1 piece) (roll of 30) Æ (box of 100) (1 litre) (500 ml) (1 litre) ç Al-Malikeyyeh ² TURKEY çÆ çÆ Northeast Syria 400 24,000 10,500 5,550 1,750 3,500 Æ Jawadiyah Abu Qalqal 400 24,000 7,000 8,000 1,600 3,500 ç Quamishli Qahtaniyyeh çÆ Ain al Arab çÆ Amuda Yarobiyah Ain al Arab 500 30,000 7,000 5,000 1,500 4,750 Ber Al-Hulo çÆ Tal Hmis AL-HASAKEH Al-Wardeyyeh Al-Hasakeh 500 23,000 11,000 5,550 1,800 4,300 Menbij Tal Tamer Sarin Ein Issa Al-Malikeyyeh 300 25,000 10,000 4,167 1,500 4,000 Abu Qalqal AR-RAQQA Al-Hasakeh Hole Al-Thawrah 400 23,000 13,000 3,400 1,500 4,000 Areesheh Amuda 400 28,000 25,000 9,250 2,000 3,500 Jurneyyeh Ar-Raqqa Karama Shadadah Areesheh 500 22,000 12,000 6,000 2,000 3,500 ALEPPO Al-Thawrah Ar-Raqqa 500 24,000 13,000 3,000 1,700 4,000 Markada Be'r Al-Hulo Al-Warde 425 22,250 10,000 12,500 1,850 3,500 Mansura Ein Issa 500 32,000 20,000 4,000 2,500 4,000 IRAQ Hole 400 22,750 1,125 7,000 1,500 4,250 Jawadiyah 400 22,000 11,000 6,667 1,600 NA Jurneyyeh 500 24,000 11,429 4,200 2,000 3,500 DEIR-EZ-ZOR Karama 300 32,500 16,667 2,500 2,667 4,000 Mansura 500 22,500 13,000 3,300 1,500 NA Markada 1,000 20,000 10,000 6,000 1,800 NA Menbij 500 25,000 7,500 8,500 1,500 3,500 Qahtaniyyeh 400 20,000 8,333 5,500 1,800 3,500 Quamishli 400 30,000 19,000 6,500 1,800 4,850 Sarin 325 30,000 1,250 7,250 1,450 3,300 % of surveyed vendors per sub-district Shadadah 400 29,000 1,429 4,000 2,000 3,500 reporting availability of masks in markets Tal Hmis 325 30,000 10,500 9,000 2,500 NA 50 - 60% Tal Tamer NA NA NA NA 1,400 NA 61 - 70% Ya'robiyah 475 23,000 8,750 4,225 1,700 2,950 71 - 80% 81 - 90% 91 - 100% JORDAN Information not available Governorate boundary km Sub-district boundary 0 20 40

Syria Northeast Market Monitoring Monthly Snapshot: 5-13th April 2021 CASH WORKING GROUP 12 NORTHEAST SYRIA - DISTRIBUTION OF PRICES

ASSESSED FOOD ITEMS CELLPHONE DATA WATER TRUCKING Syrian Pounds Syrian Pounds Syrian Pounds

23500 34099 654

6 20000 30000

15000 20000 11000 4 10000 364 7500 6200 6000 6000 4500 5000 5500 4800 4000 10000 4500 4300 3456 2850 2500 2400 2500 2500 2500 3350 2500 1900 2 2200 2100 1850 1300 1600 2200 2000 1800 1600 1450 800 1000 1500 1800 1850 1000 1000 1300 700 625 400 950 800 350 3000 0 400 350 400 85 100

eetable Es hee hiken Tomato Red entils Rie Suar uumbers Tomatoes Bulur lour Milk nions otatoes Salt Bread 900 104 il 1 30 es 1 k 1 k aste 1 k 1 k 1 k 1 k 1 k 1 k 1 k 1 1 k 1 k 500 8 slies 0 1 k hone ata Water 1 b 1

ASSESSED FUEL ITEMS ASSESSED HYGIENE ITEMS READING BOXPLOTS Syrian Pounds Syrian Pounds 200 20000 5000 20000 5000 Maximum median price 4600 179 (community level) in dataset

4000 4000 15000 3786 Upper quartile: 25% of data is above this point

3000 100 Median price in dataset 10000 2684 100

2125 Lower quartile: 25% of data 2000 is below this point 5000 1500 1500 3100 1300 1000 Minimum median price 2245 1000 46 900 (community level) in dataset 860 600 515 700 550 550 500 275 150 500 500 500 0 210 100 75 150 75 125 0 225 Hih Manually Hih Manually Manually 0 Quality Reined Quality Reined Reined as aundry ishwashin Toothaste Sanitary ads Bathin Example etrol Kerosene iesel etrol iesel 1 owder iquid 100 10 ads Soa 1 1 1 1 1 1 k 1 1 bar

Syria Northeast Market Monitoring Monthly Snapshot: 5-13th April 2021 CASH WORKING GROUP 13 APPENDIX AND METHODOLOGY

METHODOLOGY ABOUT REACH In order to be included in the Syria Market northwest of Syria. To illustrate local variations in regional median SMEB values are shared; the REACH Initiative facilitates the development of information tools and Monitoring Exercise, markets must be permanent prices and availability, REACH uses the collected SMEB value including all assessed communities products that enhance the capacity of aid actors to make evidence- in nature, large enough to support at least two data to map the price of the SMEB in each that specific month, and the SMEB value only based decisions in emergency, recovery and development contexts. wholesalers, and diverse enough to provide a sub-district and adds illustrations of surrounding taking in consideration communitites with The methodologies used by REACH include primary data collection and sufficient variety of goods and commodities. border crossings, with data sourced from the consistent coverage since the previous month. in-depth analysis, and all activities are conducted through inter-agency Additionally, the shops surveyed within each United Nations Office for the Coordination of Calculating regional SMEB costs with limited aid coordination mechanisms. REACH is a joint initiative of IMPACT market must be housed in permanent structures Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). In addition, each coverage Initiatives, ACTED and the United Nations Institute for Training and and must sell certain items to be eligible for SMEB component costs and transport fuel prices Research - Operational Satellite Applications Programme (UNITAR- For the months of January and February 2020, inclusion. Participating organisations train are graphed to visualise trends over time. UNOSAT). For more information please visit our website: the regional full SMEB cost as well as the regional their enumerators on the Market Monitoring The cleaned datasets are available on the full SMEB cost without water were calculated by www.reach-initiative.org. You can contact us directly at: geneva@reach- methodology and data collection tools using Humanitarian Data Exchange website and the summing the medians of each regional SMEB initiative.org and follow us on Twitter @REACH_info standard training materials developed by REACH. REACH Resource Centre and are distributed to component. This was done due to the lower Each enumerator aims to assess three to five all participating partners, as well as to interested coverage at a sub-district level in January and shops of each type in the main market in their ABOUT THE CASH WORKING GROUP clusters and the broader humanitarian community. February 2020, which affected the regional assigned community/neighbourhood, using median SMEB calculations. The Cash Working Group (CWG) was established in May 2014 to surveys to collect information about the cheapest Calculating ‘median cheapest price’ analyse the impact of the ongoing conflict on markets in Syria and guide prices of each item and whether there are any The regional figures are calculated by taking Changes to coverage the implementation of humanitarian cash and voucher programmes barriers in the supply chain. In sub-districts where the medians of the minimum-reported prices of Given security and access constraints in the south within those markets. REACH and the CWG have been partners on the direct surveying by enumerators is not possible, a region’s sub-districts. In turn, the sub-district of Syria, data collection has been unable to take Syria Market Monitoring Exercise since early 2015. data collection is conducted remotely through key medians are calculated using the Market place since July 2018. Escalation of conflict in informants such as shop owners, suppliers and Monitoring base-data. October 2019 has resulted in limited coverage in consumers. A survey form is deployed on KoBo About REACH’s COVID-19 response Calculating Survival Minimum Expenditure northeast Syria since then. However, coverage each month to capture price and stock information Basket (SMEB) costs between January and December 2020 signicantly As an initiative deployed in many vulnerable and crisis-affected from different types of establishments, including increased (from 9 assessed sub-districts to 29 countries, REACH is deeply concerned by the devastating impact the The cost of a SMEB is calculated for each grocery stores, fuel traders, currency exchange assessed sub-districts). COVID-19 pandemic may have on the millions of affected people we assessed sub-district by calculating the median shops, water trucking services and mobile phone seek to serve. REACH is currently working with Cash Working Groups cheapest price of each SMEB commodity in that Challenges and limitations shops, among others. Nearly all participating and partners to scale up its programming in response to this pandemic, sub-district, then multiplying these medians by the As the Syria Market Monitoring Exercise currently partners submit their data to these KoBo forms, with the goal of identifying practical ways to inform humanitarian number of units that an average Syrian household includes 26 partners based in 2 hubs, achieving using the KoBoCollect Android app to upload data. responses in the countries where we operate. COVID-19-relevant requires to purchase in a month. The composition a consistent approach is inherently challenging. A small number of partners, by prior permission, market monitoring and market assessments are a key area where of the SMEB can be found on page 1. SMEB Participating organisations are therefore collect data using fully harmonised data collection REACH aims to leverage its existing expertise to help humanitarian vegetables includes potatoes, tomatoes, onions, requested to adopt harmonised data collection tools deployed on other platforms, then submit actors understand the impact of changing restrictions on markets and and cucumbers. methodologies and tools to ensure that the data their raw data to REACH for standardisation, trade. Updates regarding REACH’s response to COVID-19 can be uploaded is as accurate as possible. Since this compilation and cleaning. Calculating price trends over time found in a devoted thread on the REACH website. Contact geneva@ exercise collects data directly from vendors Following data collection, REACH compiles and One month and six-month price changes and impact-initiatives.org for further information. and relies on partner organisations for its wide cleans all partners’ data, normalising prices and trends in this factsheet are calculated only with coverage, Market Monitoring may sporadically cross-checking outliers. The cleaned data is the comparable assessed communities of a sub- lose coverage temporarily or for longer periods then analysed by SMEB costs, components of district with consistent coverage across months. of time owing to challenges in accessing the SMEB, and by commodities. These trends On the other hand, in the dataset medians are locations or due to loss in the shared data are observed at the sub-district-level and, when calculated taking all assessed communities for collection capacity of the project. This impacts possible, at the community-level. Prices are the current month in consideration. Therefore, the ability to report on trends, as can be seen divided into quartiles and boxplots are created prices and percentage changes within the tables in the line graphs and ‘NA’ values in the tables. to assist CWG members in understanding the of this factsheet may slightly differ from the current distribution of prices across the northeast and month’s dataset medians. In the narrative, both

Syria Northeast Market Monitoring Monthly Snapshot: 5-13th April 2021 CASH WORKING GROUP 14