FOREST SECTOR INFORMATION REPORT

Annual Review

January - December 2008

GUYANA FORESTRY COMMISSION

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS...... 2 ABBREVIATIONS...... 4 GLOSSARY OF TERMS...... 5 METRIC CONVERSION TABLE ...... 6 1 INTRODUCTION...... 7 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 8 3 ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT...... 9 3.1 The International Economy...... 9 3.1.1 Economic Growth ...... 9 3.1.2 Flows to Developing Countries...... 9 3.2 International Forestry Environment ...... 10 3.2.1 International Tropical Timber Market Summary ...... 10 3.2.2 Latin America & Caribbean ...... 11 3.2.3 Market Outlook for Guyana’s Timber Exports...... 12 3.3 The Guyana Economy...... 12 3.3.1 The Forest Sector ...... 13 3.3.2 Contribution to GDP ...... 15 4 FORESTRY SECTOR STRUCTURE ...... 16 4.1 Land Allocation Breakdown ...... 16 4.2 Other Forest Sector Licences ...... 17 5 PRODUCTION ...... 18 5.1 Production Volumes...... 18 5.2 Log Production...... 18 5.2.1 Monthly Log Production ...... 20 5.2.2 Log Production by GFC Regions and Forest Stations ...... 20 5.3 Primary (Chainsawn) Lumber Production ...... 21 5.3.1 Monthly Production of Primary Lumber...... 21 5.3.2 Primary Lumber by GFC Regions and Forest Stations...... 21 5.4 Roundwood Production...... 22 5.5 Splitwood Production...... 24 5.6 Fuelwood Production ...... 25 5.7 Plywood Production ...... 26 5.8 Non-Timber Forest Products...... 26 5.9 Employment and Domestic Prices ...... 28

5.9.1 Employment ...... 28 5.9.2 Domestic Prices...... 28 6 EXPORTS ...... 31 6.1 Exports summary...... 31 6.1.1 Log Exports...... 33 6.1.2 Sawnwood Exports...... 33 6.1.3 Roundwood Exports...... 34 6.1.4 Splitwood Exports...... 35 6.1.5 Plywood Exports ...... 35 6.1.6 Other Value-Added Exports...... 35 6.2 Exports by Destination...... 36 6.2.1 Log Exports by Destination...... 37 6.2.2 Sawnwood/Lumber Exports by Destination ...... 38 6.2.3 Roundwood Exports by Destination ...... 39 6.2.4 Splitwood Exports by Destination...... 40 6.2.5 Plywood Exports by Destination...... 41 6.3 Forestry Sector Export Earnings by Destination...... 42 6.4 Export Prices ...... 43 REFERENCES ...... 45 APPENDIX...... 46

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ABBREVIATIONS

ACP African Caribbean and Pacific (countries) EU European Union FLEGT (European Union) Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade GDP Gross Domestic Product GFC Guyana Forestry Commission ITTO International Tropical Timber Organisation NTFP Non Timber Forest Product SFP State Forest Permission SFEP State Forest Exploratory Permit SPWP Secondary Processed Wood Product TSA Timber Sales Agreement VPA Voluntary Partnership Agreement WCL Wood Cutting Lease

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GLOSSARY OF TERMS Dressed Lumber Wood sawn lengthways from logs, further processed by planning, etc.

Firewood Includes parts of trees made up into bundles or loads, or cut in a manner in which it is usual to cut wood for burning, and all refuse wood generally, but does not include straight logs or poles of any kind.

Fuelwood Wood in the rough, from trunks and branches of trees, to be used as fuel for purposes such as cooking, heating and power production. Categories of Fuelwood are converted to charcoal.

Non-timber All biological material, other than timber products, that may be extracted from natural Forest Products ecosystems, either for commercial purposes, for use within the household or for social, cultural or religious purposes. Also known as Non-wood Forest Products.

Piles Long straight pieces usually destined to be driven into the ground by impact.

Poles Straight pieces of 5m or more in length taken from tree trunks. They are used principally to support telephone, telegraph and electrical transmission lines and for scaffolding.

Posts Round, hewn, squared or split wood, usually less than 3m in length, but possibly up to 5m, used for fencing, guard rails and the like.

Primary Timber Includes logs, firewood (raw materials), chainsaw lumber, roundwood and splitwood.

Round Logs A bole or a large branch after felling. Under the ITTO definition it is referred to as Industrial Roundwood.

Roundwood Wood in its natural state as felled or otherwise harvested, with or without bark, round, split, roughly squared or in other forms. Roundwood includes spars, posts, poles (Wallaba) and piles (Greenheart, Kakaralli and Mora).

Sawnwood Dressed lumber, undressed lumber, sleepers and pallets.

Shingles Squares of usually Wallaba (Eperua falcata) wood used to construct roofs and for panelling purposes.

Spars Saplings 15-25cm in diameter.

Splitwood Comprises paling and vat staves and shingles.

Timber Includes a tree or any ligneous part of a tree whether standing, fallen or felled, and all wood, whether or not sawn, split, hewn or otherwise cut up or fashioned.

Undressed Wood in the rough sawn lengthways from logs. Lumber

Wattles Saplings less than 8cm in diameter.

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METRIC CONVERSION TABLE

To Convert From Into m3 multiply by Logs Hoppus cft 0.036 Cft 0.0283 Mill sawn lumber Board ft / Board Measure 0.002358 Chainsawn Lumber Board ft / Board Measure 0.002358 Piles Linear ft 0.02 Poles Linear ft 0.0067 Posts Linear ft 0.0057 Paling Staves Pieces 0.00236 Vat Staves Pieces 0.001132 Shingles Pieces 0.000566 Spars Linear ft 0.000283 Charcoal Lbs 0.0034 Firewood Cords 2.83

EXCHANGE RATE

US$ 1 = G$ 200

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1 INTRODUCTION

This report focuses on the Forestry Sector in Guyana for the year 2008. Production and export of various forest products based on Guyana Forestry Commission (GFC) data are assessed in comparison with the previous year’s performance. Additionally, the report compares summary averages of domestic and export prices and sector employment levels.

Allocation of State Forest lands among industry operators (with areas classified according to GFC designated use/size categories) for 2008 compared to 2007, are included. The Forest Sector’s contribution (as traditionally measured in official national statistics) to Guyana’s real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) over the past ten (10) years is also featured

Before addressing the Forest Sector in Guyana, a qualitative background summary covering changes/features and outlook in the local and international economies is provided. This section includes developments in the International Tropical Timber Market with emphasis on the Latin America/Caribbean region.

In the core report, Production data compares the volumes of various forest products by product categories and species categories (where applicable) between the two (2) periods and across the Regions (as designated for GFC purposes, and corresponding to the national counties of Demerara, Berbice and Essequibo), by their respective sub-divisions referred to as Forest Stations.

Export data is analyzed in terms of both volume and value, including by destination markets.

2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Production of 275,319m3 of Logs, 18,722m3 of Roundwood, 66,958m3 of Sawnwood and 20,631m3 of Plywood were recorded in 2008. Other products included, Fuelwood (comprising of Charcoal and Firewood), Splitwood (Shingles and Paling Staves), Wattles, Manicole Palm and Mangrove Bark were also produced in the year. All of the above mentioned products recorded a decline in production volume when compared to 2007 except for the case of Charcoal, Wattles, Manicole Palm and Mangrove Bark.

The decline in the production of logs was mainly driven by lower volumes of Special Category Logs being harvested, this accounted for a shortfall of 28.9% when compared to that of 2007. Contributing to this decline was the significant reduction by 21% in the harvesting Class 2 logs followed by a small decline of 4% in the production of Class 1 logs. However, production of Class 3 logs showed robust improvement by 24% when compared to 2007.

In 2008 Roundwood production fell by 10% when compared to 2007. This was primarily due the lower volumes of Piles being harvested in the year. Other products harvested in this category were, Poles Posts and Spars. These also fell significantly except for the case of Spars which showed increases over the previous year volumes.

Primary Lumber recorded an overall decline in production by 10% which was mainly due to the reduction of Special Category Lumber which fell short of 2007’s volume by a substantial 31%. However, the overall average was lower because the main contributor to this group remains Class 1 lumber, with volumes shorting by a mere 1% as compared to 2007 while Class 2 and Class 3 lumber were lower by 16% and 1% respectively. The largest decline in production volumes as per product in 2008 was recorded for Plywood production. Volumes of 20,631m3 were 47% lower than 2007 production figures.

In the export market volumes of Logs exported fell by 41% while value were reduced by a smaller 25% when compared to 2007. Similarly, shortfalls were also recorded for the exports of Roundwood and Plywood by 25% and 35% in volume and 14% and 25% in value respectively. However, the same pattern does not follow for the export of Sawnwood, since export volumes for 2008 showed marked increases by 9% in volume and a robust 19% in value. The overall picture reveals that even though production and export volumes were significantly lower that the comparing year, value gained in the export market were very competitive and recorded a much lower 7.7% reduction.

3 ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT 3.1 The International Economy

3.1.1 Economic Growth World output fell sharply to 3.4% in 2008 from 5.2% recorded in 2007 and is expected to plummet further to 0.5% in 2009, this being the lowest seen in since World War II is expected to recover in 2010 to 3%. In the Advanced economies output has recorded a decline by 1.7% moving from 2.7% stated for 2007 to 1.0% in 2008 and is projected to drop further to -2.0% in 2009. For the Emerging and Developing economies, growth slid in 2008 to 6.3% from 8.3% recorded in 2007, this also is expected to fall further to 3.3% for 20091.

Trade in the world economy has recorded large fluctuation in 2008 which resulted world trade volumes moving from 7.2% in 2007 to 4.1% in 2008 and is further slated to continue it’s pursuit downwards to -2.8 % in 20092.

Oil prices according to OPEC Basket Price recorded the average price for oil in 2008 at USD94.45 per barrel. This was the result of soaring oil prices in mid 2008, peaking in the month of July at an average of US$131.22 per barrel and its pursuit downwards thereafter to record its lowest average price at USD38.6 per barrel. For 2009 OPEC estimates the average price level being around USD41.61 per barrel3.

In the case of commodity prices, 2008 saw the rapid rise and fall in these markets, particularly for rice, which led to a food crisis in some 36 developing countries and are currently in a critical situation as a result of supply shortfalls, general lack of access or severe localised food security. However, the average price levels for the three most consumed grains, rice, corn and wheat is expected to fall in 20094.

3.1.2 Flows to Developing Countries Reports from UNCTAD stated that the growth rate of FDI inflows to developing countries, while lower than in 2007 (when it exceeded 20%), should still have remained positive for 2008 at an estimated 4%. Flows to East, South, and South-East Asia (the largest recipient of FDI, accounting for almost half of all flows to developing countries) may have risen as well during 2008, but by a

1 World Economic Outlook Update, January 28, 2009 2 World Economic Outlook Update, January 28, 2009 3 OPEC Basket Price: January 26, 2009 4 World Economic Situation and Prospects 2009

slower rate than in 2007. In contrast, FDI flows to Latin America and the Caribbean are expected to have shown significant resilience to the world economic slowdown. Of the developing countries and transition economies, the largest (Brazil, Russian Federation, India, and China) are all estimated to have experienced a rise in FDI in 2008. In the short-term, the negative impacts of the financial and economic crises on FDI are expected to remain dominant and to contribute to a continued fall in overall FDI through 20095.

3.2 International Forestry Environment

3.2.1 International Tropical Timber Market Summary In the light of the global economic downturn, manufacturers in the European market express concerns over the weaker demand for finished products, especially those producing doors, door sets, windows and roof trusses, and further stated the stock reduction being the main focus for products deriving from West Africa’s timber. Meanwhile, prices for some sawn lumber species saw marginal declines despite the lower volumes being produced while prices for special sizes have all time been higher than those under the regular specifications.

In Malaysia, log prices stabilised towards the end of 2008 with the hope that log exports to China would increase for the upcoming period and offer promising opportunities in 2009 with the aid of an increase production trend in China. From the manufacturing prospective, Malaysian furniture manufacturers are expecting that the real estate market in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to grow substantially over the next four years. According to reports from Malaysia, Saudi Arabia has recorded continues economic growth over the past five years, with GDP in average 15% annually since 2002.

In efforts to address certification issues, as it relates to Indonesia’s forest products destined for the US market, the Indonesian government acted quickly and positively by setting up a team of officials from the various ministries to determine and identify the procedures and constraints outlined under the US Lacey Act. The team comprised of officials from forestry, trade, agriculture, finance, foreign affairs, and industry ministries along with representatives from the various timber trade association. The Act establishes that, all timber products entering the US markets must be certified by entities approved of by the US government. Some of the processes to be addressed to meet the new guidelines are Sustainable Forest Management (SFM), Verification of Legal Origin (VLO), and Chain of Custody (CoC) where exporters can use any of the three certificates when exporting to the

5 UNCTAD: Assessing the impact of the current financial and economic crisis on global FDI flows, Jan 09.

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US.

Another factor that may effect the output of timber products in Indonesia and Malaysia is the decision by HSBC (A major British banking group) to terminate 30% of client relationships in the forest land and forest products sector in ‘high risk’ countries by end of 2009 due to non-compliance with HSBC’s forest policy. Some of the products to be affected include palm oil, soy and timber.

Faced with high raw material prices and falling orders, local sawmills in Yangon are having difficulties coping the slow down in the demand from both local and external buyers. They further expressed concerns over action that should be taken by the Myanmar Timber Enterprise (MTE) to alleviate such strain. Of such actions they are uncertain about, one of which being to adjust prices, but some analysts say that this may be futile since there are no outside orders to be filled. Is has been recommended by trade experts that a more reasonable approach in sight would be to shorten the supply of raw materials in the current harvesting season by reduced felling.

3.2.2 Latin America & Caribbean In Brazil, the state of São Paulo is set to promote wood from legal source. According to reports, the Environment Secretariat has designed a seal to show that forest products and by-products are from sustainable, certified sources. In this manner it is hoped that consumers will buy wood from legal sources since this approach informs them of companies that sells forest products and by-products in a responsible manner. In order to receive the seal the company would have to voluntarily adhere to CADMADEIRA (the state Registrar of Companies) and will be subject surveillance, certification and evaluation as set out6.

In an effort to further programmes in rainforest conservation, Peru’s Minister of Environment, has approached the European countries to acquire funding for rainforest conservation. The Minister cited that some countries in the European region have already expressed interest in collaborating with Peru for this purpose. The Minister further noted that Peru was making an international proposal to preserve 54 million hectare of tropical forest and it would include the protected Indian Land. Also, the credit generated from such venture would be sold in the international carbon market and in this way deforestation would not take place and Indian culture would be preserved7.

6 ITTO TTM Report 13:23 7 ITTO TTM Report 13:23

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3.2.3 Market Outlook for Guyana’s Timber Exports In China’s import of Sawnwood jumped 8% in volume and a further 14% in value as of September 2008, while log imports fell by 19% in volume and a mere 0.3% in value. China attributed these changes to the growth rate prices for imported logs being higher than that of imported Sawnwood and the domestic demand for logs being weak as a result of the global financial crisis8.

The market trend reflected in 2008 with increasing volumes and values for Sawnwood is also expected to be seen in 2009 with a declining trend expected, in log exports.

Manufacturers in Europe utilising tropical timber for the production of some of their wood products plans to remove such from their product line at the start of 2009. Despite the main reasons cited for measures taken as, being for suitability reasons, others included the comparatively high cost associated with tropical hardwood and the high capital commitment required to source these species9.

Owing to these circumstances, it would be advisable for Guyana’s exporters to target additional markets for these products in a bid to secure export possibilities for 2009.

With continued interest in Guyana’s Sawnwood, particularly the dressed variety, by most buyer in the Latin American/Caribbean region Stakeholder in the Guyana’s forest sector should consider a more a definite shift towards further process products as opposed to exporting raw materials. Upon reviewing the export volumes for 2008 by destination, the trends reveal the many stakeholders are already shifting the exports in this direction.

3.3 The Guyana Economy The Guyana economy as of mid 2008 was projected to grow at 4.9%, an increase from that previously projected in the Budget 2008. Initially targeted to grow at 3% in 2008, the forest sector as of mid year did not grow as anticipated. This was the result of increase enforcement activities by the Guyana Forestry Commission to ensure that defaulting operators complied with the regulatory requirements.

Mid-Year report 2008 coming out from the Ministry of Finance has revised Guyana’s inflation rate to be 8.1% for 2008 reflecting an increase from the earlier projected 6.8% in the Budget 2008. This

8 ITTO TTM Report 13:23 9 ITTO TTM Report 13:23

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was the result of the continued inflationary pressure experienced by the world economy from the rising prices for certain primary commodities, particularly, fuel and food10.

As of December 31, 2008 average exchanges rate for the US dollar were 203.34 reported by the Bank of Guyana. A fairly stable rate when compared to that since July of 2007 despite the global financial crisis and the fluctuations seen for the US dollar against all other currencies.

According to reports from the Central Bank of Guyana, Loans and Advances to Business Enterprises in the Forest Sector have shown considerable increases in 2008 when compared to same period of 2007 (January to November). A robust 38.9% increase in investment recorded in the Sector reflects a continued interest in the timber products of Guyana, both locally and internationally.

3.3.1 The Forest Sector The Government of Guyana for some time now has been engaged with international partners, including the International Tropical Timber Organization, United Nations Development Programme, the Canadian International Development Agency, the UK Department for International Development, World Wildlife Fund, and the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the UN, among other agencies, to strengthen capacity (both at the national ad local levels) to manage the forests of Guyana.

Among the various projects implemented ITTO has been a major partner in a number of projects executed in 2008. Support was given for the further development of the log tracking system and to provide training to the sector in improving the quality of processed timber products.

The GFC is also in the involved in an ongoing project funded by the ITTO to support or promote Value Adding and Kiln Drying of commercial timbers by small scale community saw millers in Guyana. The objective of the project is to introduce the concept of using kiln drying techniques to increase value adding within small scale community saw millers in Guyana and thereby demonstrate to them: • The necessity and value of drying wood to meet market specification as well as the need to invest in kiln drying technology;

10 Ministry of Finance; Mid-Year Report 2008

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• The importance enhancing their competitiveness through marketing their products based on value (image/brand, reliability and availability, quality, customer service, product range) rather than just price.

The International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) issued an Invitation in 2007, to the Guyana Forestry Commission (GFC), to host a national workshop on ITTO Criteria and Indicators promoting the use of these C&I at a national and FMU level in Guyana. This work shop was facilitated by the GFC from the 23rd to 26th June 2008 in Georgetown, Guyana with the main objective of monitoring the progress in the application of the ITTO C & I in Guyana, and to provide training to forestry stakeholders in monitoring and reporting on the ITTO C & I.

These projects outputs, along with the continued work by the Guyana Forestry Commission will better enable the industry and its stakeholders to capitalize on the knowledge, resources and technical assistance provided to improve the industry as a whole.

In 2008 a National log export policy for Guyana was finalised for the implementation in 2009. This Policy aimed at reducing the volumes of logs of certain species being exported and encourages further processing of timber products in the sector. It also target specific species being harvested so as to promote the utilisation of lesser known species that have similar or even better properties in some cases for common end use application.

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3.3.2 Contribution to GDP Forestry’s contribution to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is traditionally measured from output of Logs, Roundwood and Sawnwood. The value-added timber product of Plywood is measured under Manufacturing. Additional wood/forest related value-added products, such as furniture, are not captured. The sector’s contribution to GDP in real terms (at 1988 prices) over the last ten (10) years is shown in Table 1. Budget projection for year 2008 is also included.

Table 1 Forestry’s Contribution to real Gross Domestic Product for the period 1998- 2007 (G$M at 1988 Prices) YEAR GDP AT FACTOR FORESTRY FORESTRY as COST* % of GDP 1998 5,270 200 3.80 1999 5,426 226 4.17 2000 5,352 189 3.53 2001 5,474 195 3.56 2002 5,536 180 3.25 2003 5,500 183 3.33 2004 5,587 184 3.29 2005 5,478 199 3.63 2006** 5,759 237 4.12 2007** 6,068 211 3.48 2008 Budget** 6,361 217 3.41 * Measures domestic output exclusive of indirect taxes on goods and services. Source: Bank of Guyana Statistical Bulletin, March 2006; (** 2006 & 2007 revised; 2008 Budget: Bureau of Statistics)

While in 2006 the Forest sector recorded its highest share (4.12%) of GDP in seven (7) years, further growth, is anticipated this year. Real growth is projected at 4.98% for the sector, contribution to GDP decreasing marginally to 3.41% arising from projected significant increases in a fey sectors including agriculture, leading to increased GDP at factor cost11.

11 Forest Sector Information Report; Half Year 2008

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4 FORESTRY SECTOR STRUCTURE 4.1 Land Allocation Breakdown Table 2 below shows a breakdown of Land Allocation within the Forestry Sector. It does not include Private Property and Amerindian Lands.

Table 2 : Summary of State Forest Allocations as at December 31, 2008 Classification Count Area % % % (Hectares) Area Type Total Allocation State Forest Production Area Allocations State Forest Permissions (SFP) 358 1,148,046 17.5% 14.3% 8.4% Wood Cutting Lease (WCL) 4 70,889 1.1% 0.9% 0.5% Timber Sales Agreement (TSA) 25 4,237,570 64.6% 52.7% 31.0% SFP Conversion Areas 21 497,846 7.6% 6.2% 3.6% State Forest Exploratory Permit (SFEP) 3 606,233 9.2% 7.5% 4.4% Total Production Area Allocations 411 6,560,584 100.0% 81.5% 48.0% Permanent Research & Reserve Areas Iwokrama Research Site 1 371,592 25.0% 4.6% 2.7% GFC Forest Reserves 11 17,796 1.2% 0.2% 0.1% Other Research & Reserve Sites 3 1,095,955 73.8% 13.6% 8.0% Total Research and Reserve Areas 15 1,485,343 100.0% 18.5% 10.9% Total Forests Allocated 426 8,045,927 100.0% 58.8% Unallocated Forests 5,632,689 41.2% 41.2% Total State Forests 13,678,616 100.0%

4.2 Other Forest Sector Licences Sector activity licences are valid for one (1) calendar year only; continued production requires annual renewals. Table 3 indicates the number of licenses issued for comparative periods.

Table 3 : Activity Licenses Comparison - Years 2007 & 2008 Activity/ Period Division Total License Type Demerara Essequibo Berbice Northwest Year 2008 42 48 29 3 122 Sawmill Year 2007 40 41 30 2 113 Year 2008 61 53 27 16 157 Sawpit Year 2007 67 46 25 13 151 Permit to Erect Year 2008 16 3 8 2 29 Sawmill Year 2007 20 13 13 1 47 Year 2008 164 29 40 6 239 Timber Dealers Year 2007 196 42 44 9 291 Year 2008 4 4 2 1 11 Timber Depot Year 2007 3 4 0 0 7 Year 2008 1 3 0 0 4 Timber Path Year 2007 3 4 0 0 7 Year 2008 17 1 0 0 18 Charcoal Year 2007 17 1 1 0 19 Year 2008 1 0 1 0 2 Firewood Year 2007 6 4 3 0 13

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5 PRODUCTION Table 4 indicates production volumes for various primary Timber and Non-Timber forest products, together with Plywood, for the Year 2008 compared to 2007. Production attributed to individual Forest Stations within the respective Regions (as per GFC designation) of Demerara, Essequibo, and Berbice, are shown in Appendices I – IV, attached.

5.1 Production Volumes Production volumes of various forest products recorded an overall decline in 2008 when compared to 2007 volumes. These products included Logs, Roundwood, Sawnwood (Lumber), Splitwood and Plywood. The combined output of the above products fell by 17.93% from 465,917m3 to 382,362m3.

The decline (compared with 2007) in timber production is due to delays in the start of harvesting by many concessionaires. The delay in the start of operations is due in part to bad weather and, for many large concessions, the late submission of Annual Plans for approval.

5.2 Log Production A total of 275,320m3 of Logs was recorded for 2008, 16.66% lower compared to production in 2007 (330,374 m3).

The decline in Special Category Logs was largely responsible for the drop in log production in 2008 from 139,655 m3 in 2007 to 99,364 m3 which represented a decline of 28.9% when compared. This drop was also fuelled by the decline in the production of Class 2 Logs moving from 85,507 m3 in 2007 to 67,203 m3 in 2008 which also contributed significantly to the drop in volume and to a lesser extent a small decline in the production of Class 1 Logs was recorded. However a significant increase in the production of Class 3 logs was recorded for 2008 over 2007 figures accounting for a 24% increase.

Over the review period, the top ten (10) species for log production volumes were Greenheart, Baromalli, Purpleheart, Wallaba, Kabukalli, Mora, Wamara, Locust, Bulletwood and Muniridan. Of the top ten species harvested, Muniridan was the lead species for the 15 Lesser Utilised Species (LUS) being promoted, however, Iteballi and Burada followed closely behind.

Table 4: Total Production by Quarter for the Year 2008 Yr 2007 2008 PRODUCTS Unit 1st QTR 2nd QTR 3rd QTR 4th QTR TOTAL Volume % Change TIMBER PRODUCTS Logs m3 Special Category Total Special Category Logs 18,848.64 24,597.37 27,473.90 28,444.54 99,364.45 139,655.42 (28.9) Class 1 12,873.18 18,580.69 17,798.41 24,051.85 73,304.12 76,716.93 (4.4) Class 2 11,810.55 20,049.66 17,565.34 17,777.71 67,203.25 85,506.67 (21.4) Class 3 4,718.97 8,259.68 9,597.08 12,872.37 35,448.11 28,494.99 24.4 Total Other Class Logs 29,402.70 46,890.02 44,960.83 54,701.93 175,955.49 190,718.59 (7.7) Total Logs 48,251.34 71,487.40 72,434.73 83,146.47 275,319.94 330,374.02 (16.7) Roundwood m3 Greenheart Piles 3,391.37 3,841.41 2,717.93 3,775.82 13,726.53 15,265.48 (10.1) Kakaralli Piles 254.54 176.25 176.74 270.50 878.03 896.95 (2.1) Mora Piles - - - - - Wallaba Poles 412.25 590.59 350.64 677.87 2,031.35 2,374.51 (14.5) Posts 438.80 584.85 444.80 564.36 2,032.82 2,293.90 (11.4) Spars 24.61 11.00 7.54 10.56 53.72 34.11 57.5 Total Roundwood 4,521.56 5,204.10 3,697.66 5,299.11 18,722.44 20,864.94 (10.3) Primary (Chainsaw) Lumber m3 Special Category Total Special Category Lumber 2,832.97 2,381.84 2,480.50 3,475.26 11,170.56 16,135.26 (30.8) Class 1 6,893.49 8,660.86 9,104.40 12,255.55 36,914.30 37,251.70 (0.9) Class 2 1,836.20 2,772.68 2,775.09 3,628.48 11,012.45 13,037.34 (15.5) Class 3 1,119.67 1,882.47 2,183.21 2,675.54 7,860.91 7,939.24 (1.0) Total Other Class Lumber 9,849.36 13,316.01 14,062.71 18,559.57 55,787.65 58,228.29 (4.2) Total Primary Lumber 12,682.33 15,697.85 16,543.20 22,034.83 66,958.21 74,363.55 (10.0) Splitwood m3 Paling Staves * 100.21 151.07 169.95 205.00 626.23 875.26 (28.5) Vat Staves - - - - - Shingles 21.75 8.49 61.74 12.45 104.43 239.60 (56.4) Total Splitwood 121.96 159.56 231.69 217.45 730.66 1,114.86 (34.5) Fuelwood Charcoal kg 88,377.37 80,902.47 41,149.90 346,580.64 557,010.38 244,723.13 127.6 Firewood m3 2,871.99 6,287.57 4,094.40 3,631.00 16,884.95 24,386.40 (30.8) Plywood* m3 450.00 6,825.23 5,801.58 7,554.37 20,631.18 39,189.32 (47.4) NON - TIMBER FOREST PRODUCTS Wattles pieces 44,333.00 52,642.00 39,215.00 64,490.00 200,680.00 176,323.00 13.8 Manicole Palm pieces 236,015.00 876,021.00 617,287.00 969,786.00 2,699,109.00 2,478,639.00 8.9 Other NTFP's (Mangrove Bark) pieces - 12,619.00 - - 12,619.00 150.00 8312.7

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5.2.1 Monthly Log Production

The graph above compares monthly log production for years 2007 and 2008. Over the review period log production has experienced its lowest in earlier months of the year; however, there has been some improvement which was maintained in the later parts of the year and peaking in September and holding fairly steady based on yearly trends.

5.2.2 Log Production by GFC Regions and Forest Stations The region of Essequibo, which holds the majority State Forest Lands and Allocated Production areas, produced 178,421m3 or 64.8% national log volume for 2008, followed by Berbice (58,803 m3) and then Demerara (38,096m3) (Appendix I). Of Essequibo’s eleven (11) Forest Stations, the three (3) most productive stations were Buckhall (95,276m3), Anarika (19,449 m3) and Manaka (12,493m3) all together accounting for 71.3% of the region’s total and 46.21% national log output (Appendix IV).

The majority of production in Berbice was recorded at the Springlands station accounting for 26,649 m3 or 45.32% region volume (Appendix III). In Demerara the largest volume of production was recorded at Mabura accounting for 17,726 m3 or 46.53% region total (Appendix II).

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5.3 Primary (Chainsawn) Lumber Production Production of Primary (Chainsawn) Lumber for 2008 was 66,958m3 or 10% less than the previous year’s (74,364m3). This was mostly due to low production coming out from State Forest in the earlier part of the year.

The overall trend in Lumber production for the review period publicized a steady output with small increases, however when compared to previous year, the results were indicative of lower volumes, except for the later parts of 2008.

The primary species used for lumber production in 2008 were Tauroniro, Kabukalli, Wallaba, Greenheart, Mora, Purpleheart, Kereti, Burada, Shibadan and Wamara.

5.3.1 Monthly Production of Primary Lumber

The Graph above gives a visual representation of the monthly trends in Lumber production for year 2008 and 2007.

As can be seen from graph above, even though 2008 production level of primary lumber was overall lower that 2007’s volume, it was a very progressive year with some fluctuations over the months and finishing off at higher level than that of 2007.

5.3.2 Primary Lumber by GFC Regions and Forest Stations In 2008, Demerara maintained the top area in the production of Sawnwood, recording 43,281 m3 (or

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64.64 % national volume) of primary lumber, this was followed by Essequibo (16,326 m3) and then Berbice (7,351 m3). The most productive stations were Soesdyke (18,608 m3), Linden (15,769m3) and Georgetown (8,845m3) in Demerara; in Essequibo, Supenaam (6,539 m3), Arapiaco (4,812 m3) and Parika (2,969 m3); and in Berbice, New Amsterdam (3,183 m3), Unamco (2,634 m3) and Springlands (1,521 m3).

5.4 Roundwood Production Production of Piles, Poles, Posts and Spars are recorded under the product category Roundwood. Piles were primarily of the Greenheart species with few Kakaralli, while Poles, Posts and Spars were derive from the Wallaba species.

The graph above gives a pictorial representation of Roundwood production for the year 2008 and 2007. The overall production trends of Roundwood for the period in review was indicative of the adverse weather conditions faced by concessionaires in mid year.

Roundwood production for 2008 totalled 18,722 m3, 10.3% lower than the 20,865 m3 produced in 2007. The overall decline in Roundwood production was spread among the various products, but was mostly attributable to the decline in the production of Greenheart Piles (from 15,265 m3 to 13,727 m3). Other products fell similarly in terms of percentages with Wallaba Poles and Posts falling off by 14% and 11% respectively. However, production volume of 53.27 m3 of Spars is 57.5% greater than 2007 level.

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The graph above gives a visual representation of the trends in the production of Greenheart Piles being that it’s the main contributor to the Roundwood category.

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5.5 Splitwood Production Splitwood refers to Staves (Paling Staves; Vat Staves) and Shingles, all usually produced from Wallaba species. For 2008, primary Splitwood production totalled 731 m3 compared to 1,115 m3 as for 2007 recorded a decline of 34.5%. In this category, Paling staves were reduced by 28.5% from 875 m3 to 626 m3, while Shingles declined by 56.4% from 240 m3 to 104 m3. There was no Vat stave produced in recent years.

Graph above illustrates the monthly production level of Splitwood produced in 2008 compared with 2007 level. In terms of production volume by region, Demerara remained the main region for the production Splitwood with 306 m3 representing 42% of all Splitwood and accounting for 66% of Shingles produced. Essequibo followed closely with 296 m3 of Splitwood which accounts for 41% of total volume while the remainder was produced in Berbice amounted to 128 m3.

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5.6 Fuelwood Production Two products are covered under this category namely, Charcoal and Firewood. The graph below compares the combined Fuelwood volumes for 2008 and 2007 across the various months.

Production of Charcoal in 2008 has increased significantly when compared to levels recorded in 2007. An increase moving from 1,834 m3 in 2007 to 4,174 m3 in 2008 was recorded. This increased was mainly attributable to the large volumes of production in the later part of the year. As traditional, the majority of charcoals were produced in the Demerara district while small volumes were recorded in the Berbice and Essequibo districts.

Firewood production for 2008 recorded a substantial decline of 30.8% moving from 24,386 m3 in 2007 to 16,885 m3. While small volumes came from the Berbice district, competitive volumes came from Demerara and Essequibo with 8,356 m3 and 8,344 m3 and accounting for 49.5% and 49.4% of total volume respectively.

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5.7 Plywood Production

Plywood production for 2008 (20,631 m3) represents a large drop in volume by 47.4% compared to 2007’s 39,189m3. Barama, the main plywood producer, has attributed the decline in plywood production for this year to a shortage of logs and the late start of harvesting.

5.8 Non-Timber Forest Products Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP’s) refer to a number of products other than primary and secondary timber products, deriving from forest resources. These include Wattles, Manicole Palm, Mangrove Bark, Palms and Latex (Balata).

The data presented below illustrate the production Manicole Palm (Heart of Palm) for 2008 and 2007.

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Manicole Palm production for 2008 totalled 2,699,109 pieces, representing an increase of 8.95% over 2007 volumes of 2,478,639 pieces.

Output of Wattles and Mangrove Barks have also shown significant improvement with a 13.8% increase for Wattles and the production of 12,619 pieces of Mangrove Barks being harvested in 2008 as compared to none in 2007.

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5.9 Employment and Domestic Prices

5.9.1 Employment Employment data for the Forestry Sector over the years 2005 to 2007 is shown in Table 5 below.

Table 5: Forest Sector Employment: Years 2005 to 2008

Activity 2005 2006 2007 2008

Logs 12,229 14,097 14,852 15,033

Sawmilling 4,051 4,241 4,330 3,819

Timber Dealership (Lumber Yards) 1,647 1,825 2,037 1,907

Plywood 712 699 650 500

Manicole Palm 658 658 658 698

Other* 4,340 4,369 4,500 4,500

* Other: includes activities in Furniture, Building Components, Craft, Utensils/Ornaments, Firewood, Charcoal and Conservation.

In 2008 employment within the sector recorded an overall marginal decline despite small increases in some activity areas. The largest decline was recorded in the Sawmilling sector in terms of employment numbers which shows a reduction of 12% when compared to 2007. Added to this, was the cutback of employment in the Plywood industry with recorded decline of 23%.

5.9.2 Domestic Prices The prices presented below are weighted average prices taken from a sample of producers and sellers in the three counties for 2007 and for 2008 a detailed survey was carried out to ascertain the prices paid for these products.

In the domestic market, prices paid for the various forest products vary over time as well as among suppliers and across the three (3) Forest Regions (Demerara, Essequibo and Berbice). Further, prices for Logs and Lumber vary according to species and demand. Lumber prices also differ between the undressed and dressed varieties.

Table 6 compares weighted average price summaries for selected product groups between the years 2007 and 2008. Values for 2006 are also included.

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Table 6: Average Domestic Prices for Timber & Plywood – 2006 - 2008 YEAR 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2008 Domestic Domestic Domestic Domestic Domestic Domestic Price Change PRODUCT G$ US$ G$ US$ G$ US$ equiv** equiv** equiv** Percentage

Logs 20,700.00 103.50 23,873.04 119.37 28,129.53 140.65 18% Sawnwood * 60,996.00 304.98 64,985.66 324.93 64,014.82 320.07 -1% Dressed 68,926.00 344.63 71,501.72 357.51 70,077.92 350.39 -2% Undressed 57,336.00 286.68 55,295.45 276.48 54,920.17 274.60 -1% Roundwood 36,608.00 183.04 36,761.20 183.81 39,747.97 198.74 8% Splitwood 23,306.00 116.53 23,847.95 119.24 38,488.70 192.44 61% Fuelwood 4,376.00 21.88 3,355.56 16.78 4,338.24 21.69 29% Plywood 60,222.00 301.11 73,142.65 365.71 116,679.86 583.40 60% * Row indicates combined average for Dressed and Undressed Sawnwood ** Exchange Rate: G$200 = US$1

The average price received for logs on the local market recorded a significant increase of 18% when compared to the previous year’s weighted average price.

For Sawnwood, the average prices showed a mere 1% decline, with the dressed variety reducing by 2% and the Undressed just under 1%. This decline in the average prices was the result of larger volumes of lower priced species taking the local more than the usual consumption level, particularly the dressed variety.

Roundwood average prices recorded an increase in average price per cubic metre by 8% when compared to 2007 figures.

Paling Staves were the only form of Splitwood being consumed in the local market. Price paid for this product has escalated by 61% over 2007’s prices, this maybe attributed to the fact that larger volumes of Shingles are being exported market which in turn short-changed the supply of Wallaba for the production Paling Staves on the domestic market. The lowest price receives for Paling Staves were recorded for Demerara district while at the same time recording equivalently higher prices as those recorded in the Berbice district.

The most significant value increase in domestic price from 2007 to 2008 was seen in plywood. This reflected a 60% increase in domestic price at US$583 per m3 in 2008, from US$366 per m3 in 2007.

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Appendix V provides greater detail on price ranges for individual products (and main species where applicable) across the three (3) regions for 2008.

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6 EXPORTS 6.1 Exports summary This section identifies the various types forest products exported and a detailed analysis of their contributions to the forest sector. Table 7 compares export performances years 2007 and 2008 categorised by product and category as applicable. Appendix VI lists volumes and values for individual products.

Forest product exports for 2008 have recorded an overall decline in value by 7.7% when compared to 2007 value. This decline was mainly attributable to the fall off in exports of logs stemming from low volumes of production experienced during the year. Despite the larger declines in volumes it is a promising reminder that Guyana’s Forest products continues to earn higher value in its export markets as producers continues to drive towards more refine products.

The larger declines in volumes of logs were offset by substantial improvements in the export of Sawn lumber, more specifically the dressed variety. Dressed Lumber has seen an outstanding increase in its export level when compared to 2007’s volume, recording an increase of 44.8% in volume and a much larger 62.2% in value over 2007’s levels. Exports of Undressed Lumber in 2008 on the other hand dipped slightly in volume by 4.4% but earned an increase in value by 0.9% when compared to the previous year. The chief earner of export revenue in terms of class for Sawnwood continues to be from the Special Category species, with increases reaching 51.3% in volume and 68% in value from the dressed variety.

Roundwood exports for 2008 recorded lower levels in both volume and value when compared to 2007. In terms of volume, exports were less by 25% than that of the previous year, however the value earned by this product were not as low owing to higher average prices received. A decline of 13.6% in value was recorded for 2008 when compared to 2007.

In 2008, Plywood saw an overall decline in volume and to a significantly lesser extent, in value, recording a decline of 30% in volume but managed a mere 5% decline in value. Splitwood, however, earned an overall increase in both volume and a much greater increase in value with 10.4% and 51.5% respectively over 2007’s level. Shingles was primarily responsible for this increase in value.

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Table 7: Export Products Volumes, Values and Percentage Changes and Relative Changes

January to December 2007 January to December 2008 1 2 1 2 PRODUCT Volume (m3) Value (US$) % Val % Val Volume (m3) % Vol change Value (US$) % Val change % Val % Val Logs Special Category Total 96,436 14,271,139 68.5% 23.2% 58,091 -39.8% 11,240,877 -21.2% 72.2% 19.8% Class 1 43,735 4,871,653 23.4% 7.9% 23,704 -45.8% 3,073,142 -36.9% 19.7% 5.4% Class 2 3,556 401,532 1.9% 0.7% 2,251 -36.7% 239,079 -40.5% 1.5% 0.4% Class 3 13,370 1,302,922 6.2% 2.1% 8,359 -37.5% 1,022,132 -21.6% 6.6% 1.8% Total Logs 157,097 20,847,246 100.0% 33.9% 92,404 -41.2% 15,575,230 -25.3% 100.0% 27.4% Sawnwood Total Special Dressed 8,915 5,225,399 80.2% 8.5% 13,490 51.3% 8,776,614 68.0% 83.1% 15.5% Category Undressed 16,133 8,481,756 55.3% 13.8% 10,635 -34.1% 6,360,805 -25.0% 41.1% 11.2% Total 25,048 13,707,155 62.7% 22.3% 24,125 -3.7% 15,137,419 10.4% 58.1% 26.7% Class 1 Dressed 2,497 1,226,894 18.8% 2.0% 2,944 17.9% 1,621,597 32.2% 15.3% 2.9% Sawnwood Undressed 11,355 5,126,595 33.4% 8.3% 15,811 39.2% 7,266,992 41.8% 46.9% 12.8% Total 13,852 6,353,490 29.1% 10.3% 18,755 35.4% 8,888,589 39.9% 34.1% 15.7% Class 2 Dressed 19 5,934 0.1% 0.0% 100 440.1% 49,597 735.8% 0.5% 0.1% Sawnwood Undressed 1,242 445,465 2.9% 0.7% 1,643 32.3% 732,272 64.4% 4.7% 1.3% Total 1,260 451,400 2.1% 0.7% 1,743 38.3% 781,869 73.2% 3.0% 1.4% Class 3 Dressed 144 55,437 0.9% 0.1% 226 56.6% 117,334 111.7% 1.1% 0.2% Sawnwood Undressed 3,520 1,294,817 8.4% 2.1% 2,753 -21.8% 1,120,771 -13.4% 7.2% 2.0% Total 3,664 1,350,254 6.2% 2.2% 2,979 -18.7% 1,238,105 -8.3% 4.8% 2.2% Dressed 11,575 6,513,664 100.0% 10.6% 16,760 44.8% 10,565,142 62.2% 100.0% 18.6% Total Undressed 32,249 15,348,634 100.0% 25.0% 30,842 -4.4% 15,480,840 0.9% 100.0% 27.3% Sawnwood Total 43,825 21,862,299 100.0% 35.6% 47,603 8.6% 26,045,982 19.1% 100.0% 45.9% Roundwood 13,816 2,899,341 100.0% 4.7% 10,323 -25.3% 2,504,290 -13.6% 100.0% 4.4% Splitwood 3,093 1,725,224 100.0% 2.8% 3,415 10.4% 2,613,663 51.5% 100.0% 4.6% Plywood 24,317 8,877,001 100.0% 14.4% 15,756 -35.2% 6,582,135 -25.9% 100.0% 11.6% Total Timber and Plywood 242,148 56,211,110 91.4% 169,500 -30.0% 53,321,300 -5.1% 94.0% 3 Other Value Added Products 5,037,344 8.2% 3,173,681 -37.0% 5.6% 4 Other Products 226,664 0.4% 256,358 13.1% 0.5% Total Export Value 61,475,119 100.0% 56,751,338 -7.7% 100.0% 1 percent of Product/Group Total Value 2 Percent of Total Export Value for the Year 3 Other Value-Added Products include Furniture, Building Componentry, etc 4 Other Products include Fuelwood, Non-Timber Forest Products, Craft & Ornaments/Utensils

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This section provides a more detailed breakdown of the levels in respect to Guyana’s forest products.

6.1.1 Log Exports Export volumes of logs for 2008 totalled 92,404m3 with a value of US$15.58M. Compared with the previous year, this was a decline by 41.2% in volume and 25.3% in export value. The much smaller decline in export value is due to the higher average prices obtained for Logs (which saw an 27% increase in average price per m3, moving from US$132.7 to US$168.56).

The graph above give an illustration of the percentage share which various categories of logs contribute in terms volume and value. As can be seen, Special Category Logs continue to be the main Log export group accounting for 58,091m3(63%) and valued at US$11.2M or 72.2% of all Log exports. However, when compared with 2007, this represents a 39.8% decline in volume and 21.2% in value (Special Category exports in 2007 were 96,436m3 valued at US$14.27M). Log’s share of total export value dropped in 2008, moving from 33.9% to 27.4%. Other significant contribution to export volume was made by Class 1 logs accounting for 26% of volume and 20% of value or 23,704m3 in volume and USD3.07M in value, while Class 2 and Class 3 logs accounted for smaller amounts.

6.1.2 Sawnwood Exports Sawnwood exports for 2008 totalled 47,603 m3 and US$26.05M compared to 43,825 m3 and US$21.86M for the previous year. In terms of export volume, this was an increase by 8.6%, and in terms of export value an increase by 19.1% over the 2007 level. The revenue gains is indicative of the higher prices obtained for Sawnwood exports in 2008 (average price per m3 increasing by 10%, from US$498.86 to US$547.15). These price gains were greater for Dressed Sawnwood, which showed an increase of 12% moving from US$562.73 to US$630.36, per m3.

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Graph left gives a representation of the percentage share by various Sawnwood categories and their contributions to exports. As can be seen, Special Category Sawnwood contributed the largest percent share of all Sawn lumber exports, accounting for 51% of volume and 58% in value. The higher percentage share in value is indicative of the increased average price receives for this products. This was followed by export of Class 1 Lumber with shares amounting to 39% of volume and 34% of value.

The major export market for Sawnwood remains in the Latin America/Caribbean region, though exports to Asia/Pacific showed significant improvement in 2008 when compared to 2007.

6.1.3 Roundwood Exports Comparing Roundwood exports for the year 2008 against 2007 figures reveals a significant decline by 25% in volume and to a lesser extent in value by 14%. Volume of exports moved from 13,816 m3 in 2007 to 10,323 m3 in 2008. In terms of value Roundwood earned US$2.9M in 2007 but earned US$2.5 in 2008. This drop in export can be attributed to the short supply from the production side.

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6.1.4 Splitwood Exports Splitwood exports increased both in volume (10.4%) and value (51.5%), with value increases outshining the increase in volume due to higher average prices obtained. The average price for Splitwood increased 37% (moving from US$557.85 to US$765.30 per m3 over the previous year). In 2008, Shingles were the main form of Splitwood being exported except for a few Paling Staves. The majority of Splitwood consumers were found in the Latin America/Caribbean region, where the average prices earned per cubic metre recorded an increase of 34% while prices in the North American market increase robustly by 74%. Other increases were recorded in Africa with prices moving from US$654 to US$714 per cubic metre.

6.1.5 Plywood Exports Plywood exports for the year 2008 recorded lower volumes as a result of poor production and hence a lower volume available for the export market.

Plywood exports for 2008 totalled 15,756m3 in volume and US$6.58M in value, a reduction from last year by 35.2% and much smaller 25.9%, respectively. The smaller reduction in value is indicative of the increase in average price earned in 2008 by 14%. Plywood’s share of total export earnings declined from 14.4% in 2007 to 11.6% for this year.

6.1.6 Other Value-Added Exports Export revenue from Other Value-Added Products12 (value-added items other than Plywood) for 2008 decreased by 37% (from US$5.04M to US$3.17) when compared to the previous year. This decrease in value was mostly fuelled by a fall out in exports of Furniture by 52.6% in volume and a

12 Secondary Processed Wood Products (SPWP’s)

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similar 53.6% in value. Other products such as Doors, Door Components and Spindles also recorded declines in volume and value but to a much lesser extent.

6.2 Exports by Destination This section examines exports of the timber products Logs, Sawnwood, Roundwood, Splitwood and Plywood, by their export destinations in terms of the international regions of Asia/Pacific, Europe, Latin America/Caribbean, North America and Africa. Summaries, by volume and values, respectively are presented in Appendix VII and Appendix VIII. Regional value comparisons are also included for the other product groups as well as for total exports.

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6.2.1 Log Exports by Destination The graph at below shows the percentage breakdown of Guyana’s Log exports by region. As can be seen, volumes amounting to 95% of all Log exports went to Asia/Pacific region and accounting for 97% of Log export revenues, while the remainder were scattered around the other regions.

The main consumers of Guyana’s Logs were found in China, consuming 45% of all Logs exported in 2008 and at the same time accounting for 39% of Log export revenue. This was followed, by India whose consumption of Guyana Logs accounted for a mighty 42% of all logs exports and earning value amounting to 51% of log export revenue. Other consumers of Guyana’s logs in this region included Vietnam, Korea, Hong Kong and Singapore.

While the Asia/Pacific region remains the principal market of Guyana’s Logs, other smaller markets were found in Europe, Latin America/Caribbean and South America with the only country found in each of the regions being Italy, Trinidad &Tobago and Suriname respectively.

In terms of volume and value, logs going to China amounted to 41,228m3 and valued at USD 6.06M for 2008, this averaged out at UDS 146.54 per cubic metre of logs, while India’s consumption of 39,210m3 of logs valued USD 7.94M and had an average market value of USD 202.37 per cubic metre.

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6.2.2 Sawnwood/Lumber Exports by Destination

The Latin America/Caribbean (LAC) region continues to be the main destination for Guyana’s Sawnwood consuming 22,105m3 at a market value of US$12.53M which accounted for 46.44% of all Sawnwood exported. The variety of lumber exported comprised of dressed lumber (14,061m3, US$8.6M) and undressed lumber (8,044m3, US$5.03M. The year saw a significant shift from the export of Undressed Lumber to Dressed Lumber going to the Latin America/Caribbean market when compared to previous year.

When comparing 2008 with 2007 export levels, Sawnwood exported to LAC declined slightly by a mere 0.4%, a mere 83 m3. However, when looking at the additional value gained by this shift to further processed lumber, the result was worth the shift. Sawnlumber saw an overall gain in value by 19.1% over 2007 value. This improvement in the export value for Sawnwood was primarily due to the increase in the exports of Special Category species Purpleheart and Greenheart. The main destination for Dressed lumber in this region for 2008 was Barbados consuming 7,767m3. As for Undressed lumber, Trinidad and Tobago consumed the highest levels recording 1,941 m3. Overall Barbados remains the largest single market for Guyana’s Sawnwood.

In 2008, Asia/Pacific surpassed Europe to take the position as the second most lucrative destination for Guyana’s Sawnwood by a mere 4% which was primarily the results of an increased consumption of Dressed Lumber. In this region the single most lucrative market for Guyana’s Lumber was found in China, consuming 7,780 m3 of Sawnwood recording an increase of 38% over

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2007 figures. Other markets for Sawnwood existed in New Zealand where there was a recorded increase in the consumption by 146% over 2007 levels. However, for both of these markets the preferred choice of lumber remained for the undressed variety.

Other favourable market for Guyana’s Sawnwood exists in Europe, where consumption levels are the third highest when looking at export volumes from a regional perspective. In Europe 10,398m3 of Sawnwood was consumed most of which being of the Undressed variety and few being dressed lumber. The leading destination in this region for this product was the Netherlands where consumption levels reached as much as 8,172m3 of Undressed lumber, an increase of 121% over 2007’s level. While the case for the Netherlands showed a robust increase, the same cannot be said for the United Kingdom, whose consumption dropped when compared to 2007’s consumption volume. In 2008 the United Kingdom recorded a decline in the consumption of undressed lumber by 73% when compared to its consumption in 2007. Other smaller markets were found in North America where the United States was the main consumer of undressed lumber, accounting for 3,042m3 of lumber and most of which being undressed (2,260m3).

6.2.3 Roundwood Exports by Destination

The graph above provides a visual comparison between 2008 and 2007 for Roundwood exports across the various regions.

The USA being the only market in North America consumed mainly Piles, more specifically Greenheart Piles. Roundwood amounting to 5,405m3 were exported to this region in 2008, a recorded decline of 46% when compared to 2007 exports.

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In the LAC region a robust increase in the consumption in Roundwood was recorded, more specifically, a vast increase in the utilisation of Greenheart Piles. Overall, Roundwood exports to this region have marked an increase of 52% over the previous year exports. Greenheart Piles utilisation moved from 455 m3 in 2007 to 1,377m3 in 2008. Increases were also recorded in the consumption of Transmission Poles and Fencing Post when compared to 2007’s level.

Europe, importing Guyana’s Piles, recorded a marginal decline in the consumption of Roundwood when compared to 2007. A decline of 6% was recorded for 2008 over 2007 most of which being of Greenheart species and a significant amount being Kakaralli Piles.

6.2.4 Splitwood Exports by Destination

Shingles amounting to 3,415 m3 and valuing US$2.61 were the only form of Splitwood exported in 2008.

The majority, 72.6% of Shingles exported, were consumed by the Latin America/Caribbean region where the leading market for this product existed in the Bahamas followed by Antigua and Barbuda, even though the demand for Guyana’s Shingles are scattered across the region. However the single most improved market for Guyana’s Shingles exists in Mauritius located in the African region. Mauritius consumption of Guyana’s Shingles with a recorded increase of 58% when compared to the previous year’s consumption level, moving from 308m3 to 486 m3.

Other markets for Guyana Shingles exists in the newly establish Asia/Pacific region, particularly the United Arab Emirates and in the United States located in the North American district.

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Compared with the previous year’s figures, Splitwood exports have recorded an overall increase of 10% most of which coming from the larger increase experienced in the African region while smaller increases were recorded in the Latin America/Caribbean region.

6.2.5 Plywood Exports by Destination

Graph above compares exports of Plywood to the various regions for 2007 and 2008 in volume and value as a percentage share.

The North American market continues to be the leading region for the consumption of Guyana’s Plywood. Consuming a smaller percentage of Plywood this year as opposed to 2007 but greater percentage in terms of value, this is indicative of the higher prices earned per cubic metre Plywood from this region. In other markets the volumes dropped significantly but valued earned remained marginally above the 2007 figures.

The highest average price that was paid per cubic metre of Plywood were from the Latin America/Caribbean region achieving an average increase of 27% over 2007 average price, this was followed by increases from the South American and North American region where prices earned showed an increase of 17% and 16% respectively. Prices in Latin American/Caribbean region moved from US$ 350 to US$445 per cubic metre, while prices in South America moved from US$ 360 to US$ 421 and North American moved from US$ 353 to US$ 410. In the European region the average price received for Guyana’s Plywood recorded an increase of 5% moving from US$395 to US$414 per cubic metre.

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6.3 Forestry Sector Export Earnings by Destination The Asia/Pacific zone continues to be the most lucrative region to market Guyana’s forest product with value earned in 2008 amounting to US$21.72M and accounting for 38% of total export earnings. This, however, is a drop in the value earned from this region when compared to 2007. For 2008, China was the single most lucrative destination for Guyana’s timber products which was followed closely by India (2007’s most lucrative market). The increase in the Asia/Pacific region’s demand for Guyana’s Sawnwood, as seen in 2008, was most encouraging and represents a changing demand pattern in this region for Guyana’s timber exports.

Latin America/Caribbean region was the second largest zone for Guyana’s forest produce. With earnings from this region totalling US$18.68 M and accounting for 33% total earnings this region increase its contribution by 3% in value when compared to 2007 levels. In this region Barbados continues to be the single most lucrative destination for Guyana’s forest produce even though there was a recorded decline of 9% as compared to 2007 earnings.

A 27% drop in value from the markets in Europe was recorded for 2008 when compared to 2007’s contribution. Export earnings totalling US$7.76M was recorded for the year. This was a decline in value earned and also the largest falloff in terms of percentage of value decline. The single most lucrative market for Guyana product in this region exists in the Netherlands which is represented by an increase in valued earned by 70% over 2007’s level.

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6.4 Export Prices

Export prices vary widely by products, species, product quality, destinations etc.

The graphs at left show the movement of the monthly average price for Logs, Lumber and Plywood for 2008 and 2007.

When comparing average prices over the two revealed higher prices for 2008 over 2007 except for a few months particularly for logs owing to larger volumes of lesser valued species.

Average prices for Logs peaked in November but dipped slightly in the last month of the year.

Average prices Lumber increased steadily over the period which indicative of the higher demand for Dressed Lumber which attracts a better price than the undressed variety.

Plywood average prices showed mild fluctuation in the year but remained higher than the previous year’s average.

Overall the average prices received for these products remained above its comparing period.

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Table 8 below summarizes weighted average export prices for the years 2006, 2007 and 2008. It also gives the percentage change of 2008 prices over 2007 prices.

Table 8: Weighted Average Prices for Timber & Plywood - Export Markets – Years 2007 & 2008 YEAR / Year Year Year Change over MARKET 2006 Export 2007 Export 2008 Export 2007

PRODUCT US$ (FOB) US$ (FOB) US$ (FOB) % Logs 132.71 132.70 168.56 27 Sawnwood** 455.31 498.86 547.15 10 Dressed 485.09 562.73 630.36 12 Undressed 447.19 475.94 501.94 5 Roundwood 197.37 209.86 242.60 16 Splitwood*** 511.30 557.85 765.30 37 Fuelwood 29.45 22.08 22.04 0 Plywood 367.27 365.05 417.77 14

N.B. * Exchange Rate: G$200 = US$1 ** Row indicates combined average for Dressed and Undressed Sawnwood *** Splitwood Export prices refer to mill-produced Splitwood, mainly Shingles

Comparing weighted average prices for 2008, with those from 2007, reveals price increases across all products, except the case of Fuelwood, where there was an insignificant decline in average prices owing to cheaper prices paid by large consumers. The greatest increase of 37% was recorded in the price of Splitwood. This was followed by a 27% increase for Logs. Notable increases were also cited for the exports of Sawnwood (10%) particularly the dressed variety achieving an increase of 12% while the undressed variety gained and increase of 5%. Increases in the average prices of Roundwood and Plywood were also noteworthy with value increasing significantly by 16% and 14% respectively.

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REFERENCES

1. Bank of Guyana, Research Dept., Statistical Abstract, November 2008

2. Guyana Forestry Commission, Forest Sector Information Report, Annual Review 2007

3. Guyana Forestry Commission, Forest Sector Information Report, Half-Year Review 2008

4. International Tropical Timber Organization, Tropical Timber Market Report: 13:23

5. International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook Update, January 28, 2009;

6. Ministry of Finance, National Budget 2008

7. Ministry of Finance, Mid-Year Report 2008

8. OPEC Basket Price; (http://www.opec.org/home/basket.aspx)

9. UNCTAD: Assessing the Impact of the Current Financial and Economic Crisis on Global FDI Flows, January 2009.

10. United Nations: World Economic Situation and Prospect 2009 (Pre-Release)

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APPENDIX

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Appendix 1 : Total Primary Production Volume by Region for theYear January to December 2008 PRODUCTS Unit Berbice Demerara Essequibo TOTAL PRIMARY TIMBER PRODUCTION Logs m3 Total Special Category Logs 5,582.78 18,626.77 75,154.90 99,364.45 Class 1 33,415.70 8,031.92 31,856.50 73,304.12 Class 2 9,391.27 9,207.84 48,604.15 67,203.25 Class 3 10,413.49 2,229.33 22,805.29 35,448.11 Total Other Class Logs 53,220.46 19,469.09 103,265.94 175,955.49 Total Logs 58,803.24 38,095.86 178,420.84 275,319.94 Roundwood m3 Greenheart Piles 4,046.68 7,378.73 2,301.12 13,726.53 Kakaralli Piles 102.98 651.06 123.98 878.03 Mora Piles - - - - Wallaba Poles 80.92 1,629.30 321.12 2,031.35 Posts 604.41 1,163.98 264.42 2,032.82 Spars - 15.64 38.08 53.72 Total Roundwood 4,835.01 10,838.71 3,048.72 18,722.44 Primary (Chainsaw) Lumber m3 Total Special Category Lumber 472.41 6,350.84 4,347.31 11,170.56 Class 1 4,898.01 24,620.25 7,396.04 36,914.30 Class 2 1,605.50 6,860.11 2,546.84 11,012.45 Class 3 374.61 5,450.07 2,036.23 7,860.91 Total Other Class Lumber 6,878.12 36,930.43 11,979.10 55,787.65 Total Primary Lumber 7,350.53 43,281.27 16,326.41 66,958.21 Splitwood m3 Paling Staves 128.15 237.20 260.87 626.23 Vat Staves - - - - Shingles - 68.99 35.43 104.43 Total Splitwood 128.15 306.20 296.31 730.66 Fuelwood Charcoal kg 1,505.90 551,875.74 3,628.74 557,010.38 3 Firewood m 184.36 8,356.54 8,344.05 16,884.95

PLYWOOD - 20,631.18 - 20,631.18

NON - TIMBER FOREST PRODUCTS Wattles pieces - 199,490.00 1,190.00 200,680.00 Manicole Palm pieces 181,696.00 - 2,517,413.00 2,699,109.00 Other NTFP's (Mangrove Bark) pieces - - 12,619.00 12,619.00

47

Appendix II : Total Production - by Station in DEMERARA for the Year January to December 2008 PRODUCTS Unit Georgetown Linden Mabura Soesdyke TOTAL TIMBER PRODUCTION 3 Logs m Total Special Category Logs 3,415.07 387.35 14,659.99 164.36 18,626.77 Class 1 2,508.44 2,525.68 2,129.69 868.11 8,031.92 Class 2 2,630.83 3,826.75 99.01 2,651.25 9,207.84 Class 3 377.28 779.85 837.23 234.97 2,229.33 Total Other Class Logs 5,516.55 7,132.28 3,065.93 3,754.33 19,469.09 Total Logs 8,931.62 7,519.63 17,725.92 3,918.69 38,095.86 3 Roundwood m Greenheart Piles 342.75 2,711.45 1,274.40 3,050.13 7,378.73 Kakaralli Piles 1.84 15.00 - 634.22 651.06 Mora Piles - - - - - Wallaba Poles 166.06 281.37 - 1,181.86 1,629.30 Posts 764.79 235.41 - 163.78 1,163.98 Spars 2.26 0.32 - 13.06 15.64 Total Roundwood - 1,277.70 3,243.55 1,274.40 5,043.05 10,838.71 3 Primary (Chainsaw) Lumber m Total Special Category Lumber 2,055.21 2,017.36 28.61 2,249.66 6,350.84 Class 1 4,696.87 9,692.41 29.55 10,201.42 24,620.25 Class 2 546.93 2,778.69 - 3,534.49 6,860.11 Class 3 1,546.41 1,281.05 - 2,622.61 5,450.07 Total Other Class Lumber 6,790.21 13,752.15 29.55 16,358.52 36,930.43 Total Primary Lumber 8,845.42 15,769.50 58.16 18,608.18 43,281.27 3 Splitwood m Paling Staves 1.46 145.85 - 89.89 237.20 Vat Staves - - - - - Shingles - 50.40 - 18.59 68.99 Total Splitwood 1.46 196.25 - 108.49 306.20 Fuelwood Charcoal kg 2,721.55 153,476.96 - 395,677.23 551,875.74 3 Firewood m 18.12 29.00 - 8,309.42 8,356.54 NON - TIMBER FOREST PRODUCTS Wattles pieces 4,250.00 - - 195,240.00 199,490.00 Manicole Palm pieces - - - - - Other NTFP's (Mangrove Bark) pieces - - - - -

48

Appendix III : Total Production by Stations in BERBICE for the Year January to December 2008 PRODUCTS Unit Bamboo Landing New Amsterdam Orealla Springlands Unamco TOTAL TIMBER PRODUCTION 3 Logs m Total Special Category Logs 2,931.84 136.74 5.71 1,002.58 1,505.91 5,582.78 Class 1 2,345.22 7,596.14 43.51 13,459.77 9,971.06 33,415.70 Class 2 1,153.83 1,290.78 79.52 5,931.48 935.66 9,391.27 Class 3 82.01 996.04 119.48 6,255.41 2,960.55 10,413.49 Total Other Class Logs 3,581.06 9,882.96 242.51 25,646.66 13,867.27 53,220.46 Total Logs 6,512.90 10,019.70 248.22 26,649.24 15,373.18 58,803.24 3 Roundwood m Greenheart Piles 1,849.59 175.43 - - 2,021.66 4,046.68 Kakaralli Piles - 98.90 - 4.08 - 102.98 Mora Piles ------Wallaba Poles - 29.33 - 0.27 51.33 80.92 Posts - 136.88 - 467.53 - 604.41 Spars ------Total Roundwood 1,849.59 440.54 - 471.88 2,072.99 4,835.01 3 Primary (Chainsaw) Lumber m Total Special Category Lumber - 57.29 - 20.00 395.12 472.41 Class 1 - 2,406.13 11.01 621.04 1,859.83 4,898.01 Class 2 - 537.85 1.31 830.19 236.15 1,605.50 Class 3 - 181.33 - 49.90 143.38 374.61 Total Other Class Lumber - 3,125.31 12.32 1,501.13 2,239.36 6,878.12 Total Primary Lumber - 3,182.60 12.32 1,521.13 2,634.48 7,350.53 3 Splitwood m Paling Staves - 14.48 - 106.12 7.55 128.15 Vat Staves ------Shingles ------Total Splitwood - 14.48 - 106.12 7.55 128.15 Fuelwood Charcoal kg - 1,505.90 - - - 1,505.90 3 Firewood m - 173.99 - 10.37 - 184.36 NON - TIMBER FOREST PRODUCTS Wattles pieces ------Manicole Palm pieces - 181,696.00 - - - 181,696.00 Other NTFP's (Mangrove Bark) pieces ------

49

Appendix IV : Total Production by Stations in ESSEQIUIBO for the Year January to December 2008

PRODUCTS Unit Anarika Arapiaco Bartica Buckhall Iteballi Mabaruma Manaka Parika Port Kaituma Supenaam Winiperu TOTAL

TIMBER PRODUCTION

3 Logs m

Total Special Category Logs 9,657.36 743.54 575.39 40,454.78 5,171.37 122.79 9,095.03 685.71 683.59 2,241.89 5,723.45 75,154.90

Class 1 2,175.23 634.31 4,613.40 16,778.73 522.01 821.02 824.12 2,282.57 709.43 1,779.64 716.04 31,856.50

Class 2 6,216.48 1,367.42 1,504.46 25,425.26 296.81 5.64 2,147.18 1,477.83 8,404.80 1,551.32 206.95 48,604.15

Class 3 1,399.80 50.97 1,611.68 12,616.99 1,760.07 7.47 427.32 2,184.54 1,708.09 1,016.60 21.76 22,805.29

Total Other Class Logs 9,791.51 2,052.70 7,729.54 54,820.98 2,578.89 834.13 3,398.62 5,944.94 10,822.32 4,347.56 944.75 103,265.94

Total Logs 19,448.87 2,796.24 8,304.93 95,275.76 7,750.26 956.92 12,493.65 6,630.65 11,505.91 6,589.45 6,668.20 178,420.84

3 Roundwood m

Greenheart Piles 287.68 6.80 38.91 498.95 - - 430.34 218.75 - 720.61 99.07 2,301.12

Kakaralli Piles 2.22 28.80 ------92.97 - 123.98

Mora Piles ------

Wallaba Poles - 292.16 - - - 9.64 - - - 19.32 - 321.12

Posts - 5.96 - - - - - 26.33 - 232.13 - 264.42

Spars - - - 0.11 - 0.35 - - - 37.62 - 38.08

Total Roundwood 289.90 333.71 38.91 499.06 - 10.00 430.34 245.09 - 1,102.65 99.07 3,048.72

3 Primary (Chainsaw) Lumber m

Total Special Category Lumber 12.30 1,451.58 74.40 - - 200.07 - 928.95 537.73 1,142.28 - 4,347.31

Class 1 48.81 2,917.28 176.04 - - 348.93 - 965.93 177.96 2,761.08 - 7,396.04

Class 2 20.92 349.06 141.83 - - 29.01 - 691.96 7.23 1,306.83 - 2,546.84

Class 3 35.12 94.26 83.43 - - 103.67 - 382.60 8.55 1,328.59 - 2,036.23

Total Other Class Lumber 104.85 3,360.61 401.30 - - 481.61 - 2,040.49 193.74 5,396.50 - 11,979.10

Total Primary Lumber 117.15 4,812.19 475.70 - - 681.68 - 2,969.44 731.47 6,538.78 - 16,326.41

3 Splitwood m

Paling Staves ------235.27 - 25.61 - 260.87

Vat Staves ------

Shingles - 12.79 - - - - - 22.64 - - - 35.43

Total Splitwood - 12.79 - - - - - 257.91 - 25.61 - 296.31

Fuelwood

Charcoal ------3,628.74 - 3,628.74

3 Firewood m ------1,341.10 7,002.95 - 8,344.05

NON - TIMBER FOREST PRODUCTS

Wattles pieces - - - - - 310.00 - - 100.00 780.00 - 1,190.00

Manicole Palm pieces - - - - - 2,323,661.00 - - 193,752.00 - - 2,517,413.00

Other NTFP's (Mangrove Bark) pieces - - - - - 12,619.00 - - - - - 12,619.00

50

Appendix V : Domestic Price Ranges for Selected Products by Region (G$/unit) 2008 PRODUCT Demerara Berbice Essequibo Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Logs: Major Species G$/m3 Greenheart 21,000 36,000 - - - - Purpleheart 20,000 53,000 - - - - Wallaba 18,000 30,000 - - - - Kabukalli 20,000 32,000 - - - - Wamara 20,000 40,000 - - - - Mora 19,404 31,000 - - - - Bulletwood 20,000 39,000 - - - - Lumber: Major Species G$/m3 Tauroniro 45,589 54,071 62,553 68,914 57,252 61,493 Kabukalli 59,372 65,734 48,770 59,372 63,613 77,396 Purpleheart 91,179 106,022 - - 85,878 95,420 Mora 62,553 65,734 61,493 63,613 48,770 57,252 Greenheart 80,577 92,239 91,179 106,022 80,577 97,540 Kereti 65,734 69,975 76,336 78,456 59,372 63,613 Wamara 82,697 103,902 - - - - Burada 47,710 47,710 33,927 36,047 47,710 47,710 Simarupa 65,734 69,975 38,168 50,891 61,493 63,613 Shibadan 48,770 53,011 57,252 78,456 53,011 57,252 Locust 95,420 95,420 - - 72,095 72,095 Darina 61,493 61,493 63,613 67,854 76,336 76,336 Crabwood 50,891 61,493 36,047 36,047 63,613 65,734 Muniridan - - 47,286 53,011 - - 3 Roundwood G$/m Greenheart Piles 45,000 55,000 - - - - Wallaba Poles ------Wallaba Posts 10,118 14,671 8,474 11,888 11,256 13,912 3 Splitwood G$/m Paling Staves 33,898 40,254 40,254 40,254 38,136 38,136 Shingles ------Fuelwood 3 Charcoal G$/m 4,265 4,412 - - - -

3 Plywood G$/m 111,867 121,492 - - - - Non-Timber Forest Products Wattles G$/pc ------Source : Simple sample surveys conducted by Guyana Forestry Commission in the three Regions, Demerara, Berbice and Essequibo

51

Appendix VI: Export Volumes and Values by Product for the period 2008 & 2007 Jan - Dec 2007 Jan - Dec 2008 % Change Over PRODUCT Volume Value Volume Value Jan - Dec 2007 m3 US$ m3 US$ % Vol % Val Logs 157,097.28 20,847,245.70 92,404.00 15,575,230.36 (41.18) (25.29) Sawnwood 43,824.54 21,862,298.76 47,602.66 26,045,981.70 8.62 19.14 Dressed 11,575.13 6,513,664.30 16,760.42 10,565,142.08 44.80 62.20 Undressed 32,249.40 15,348,634.46 30,842.24 15,480,839.62 (4.36) 0.86 Roundwood 13,815.85 2,899,341.25 10,322.68 2,504,290.44 (25.28) (13.63) Greenheart Piles 11,494.28 2,321,873.25 7,795.64 1,859,044.55 (32.18) (19.93) Kakaralli Piles 679.25 136,799.40 815.47 146,437.80 20.05 7.05 Other Piles 15.66 4,162.43 - - (100.00) (100.00) Poles 1,072.60 297,424.03 954.12 337,625.30 (11.05) 13.52 Posts 552.73 135,225.30 757.44 161,182.79 37.04 19.20 Spars 1.32 3,856.84 - - (100.00) (100.00) Splitwood 3,092.63 1,725,223.91 3,415.23 2,613,662.59 10.43 51.50 Paling Staves 27.24 1,280.00 0.13 55.00 (99.52) (95.70) Shingles 3,065.39 1,723,943.91 3,415.10 2,613,607.59 11.41 51.61 Plywood 24,317.43 8,877,000.75 15,755.51 6,582,134.90 (35.21) (25.85) TOTAL TIMBER & PLYWOOD 242,147.72 56,211,110.37 169,500.08 53,321,299.99 (30.00) (5.14) Furniture (pcs) 43,524.00 3,485,805.30 20,621.00 1,617,123.42 (52.62) (53.61) Indoor Furniture 6,065.00 523,627.10 3,446.00 271,629.92 (43.18) (48.13) Outdoor/Garden Furniture 37,459.00 2,962,178.20 17,175.00 1,345,493.50 (54.15) (54.58) Building Componentry (pcs) 1,150,508.81 1,096,968.70 - (4.65) Doors 8,715.00 968,597.51 11,210.00 947,538.07 28.63 (2.17) Door Components 5,909.00 77,462.46 515.00 10,413.48 (91.28) (86.56) Windows 1,248.00 76,501.62 1,736.00 79,864.23 39.10 4.40 Other Builder's Joinery (pcs) 35.00 564.89 355.00 16,440.16 914.29 2,810.33 3 (m ) - - 87.00 15,460.00 - - Rails (pcs) 11.00 198.00 1.53 860.50 (86.09) 334.60 3 (m ) 1.44 661.70 - - (100.00) (100.00) Spindles (pcs) 7,078.00 26,522.63 5,976.00 26,392.26 (15.57) (0.49) Mouldings (m) 193,104.36 383,530.34 206,118.26 389,272.83 6.74 1.50 Pre-Fabricated Houses (pcs) 2.00 17,500.00 10.00 70,315.61 400.00 301.80 OTHER (than Plywood) VALUE ADDED 5,037,344.45 3,173,680.56 (37.00) 3 Fuelwood (m ) 4,644.36 102,544.48 6,858.25 151,171.69 47.67 47.42 Charcoal* 4,601.54 102,209.48 6,858.25 151,171.69 49.04 47.90 Firewood 42.82 335.00 - - (100.00) (100.00) Other (pcs) 3,214.00 14,201.45 2,445.00 9,159.22 (23.93) (35.51) Wooden Ornaments & Utensils 1,766.00 3,177.53 1,736.00 7,369.62 (1.70) 131.93 Craft 1,448.00 11,023.92 709.00 1,789.60 (51.04) (83.77) Non - Timber Forest Products (pcs) 2,400.00 109,918.20 7,599.00 96,026.88 216.63 (12.64) OTHER PRODUCTS 226,664.13 256,357.79 13.10 TOTAL EXPORT VALUE 61,475,118.95 56,751,338.34 (7.68)

52 Appendix VII : Export Volume (m3) by Region - Timber and Plywood Full-Year Comparison: Years 2007 & 2008 PRODUCT YEAR Africa Asia & Europe Latin America North South Total Pacific & Caribbean America America Volume Logs Special Category 2008 57,400 82 609 58,091 Other Classes 30,312 2,366 1,636 34,313 Total Logs 2008 - 87,712 82 2,975 - 1,636 92,404 2007 - 152,441 997 2,600 - 1,059 156,038 Sawnwood Dressed 2008 16 1,699 202 14,061 782 16,760 Undressed 41 9,118 10,196 8,044 2,266 1,177 30,842 Total Sawnwood 2008 57 10,817 10,398 22,105 3,048 1,177 47,603 2007 23 7,161 10,615 22,188 3,512 325 43,825

Roundwood 2008 64 1,625 3,024 5,405 204 10,323 2007 1,729 1,988 10,098 1 13,816

Splitwood 2008 506 274 2,479 156 3,415 2007 308 - 36 2,402 346 3,093

Plywood 2008 2,661 2,518 8,305 2,272 15,756 2007 - 70 6,942 5,809 8,667 2,830 24,317 Total Timber 2008 563 98,867 14,765 33,101 16,915 5,289 169,500 & Plywood 2007 331 159,672 20,319 34,988 22,623 4,215 242,148

Appendix VIII : Export Value (US$) by Region - All Exports Full-Year Comparison: Years 2007 & 2008 PRODUCT YEAR Africa Asia & Europe Latin America North South Total Pacific & Caribbean America America Value Logs Special Category 2008 11,156,464 11,064 73,349 11,240,877 Other Classes 3,954,130 226,820 153,403 4,334,353 Total Logs 2008 - 15,110,594 11,064 300,169 - 153,403 15,575,230 2007 - 20,268,188 226,815 257,774 - 94,470 20,847,246 Sawnwood - Dressed 2008 17,229 1,230,193 134,772 8,600,601 582,348 10,565,142 Undressed 23,939 5,117,926 4,894,764 3,924,975 1,017,494 501,741 15,480,840 Total Sawnwood 2008 41,168 6,348,119 5,029,536 12,525,576 1,599,842 501,741 26,045,982 2007 18,872 3,994,176 4,616,727 11,465,046 1,618,045 149,433 21,862,299 Roundwood 2008 22,400 343,434 711,042 1,387,865 39,550 2,504,290 2007 - - 370,009 477,481 2,051,815 35 2,899,341 Splitwood 2008 361,050 232,900 1,921,119 98,594 2,613,663 2007 201,300 - 9,900 1,386,524 127,500 1,725,224 Plywood 2008 1,101,793 1,121,463 3,402,902 955,977 6,582,135 2007 23,400 2,742,692 2,034,312 3,057,502 1,019,095 8,877,001 Total Timber & 2008 402,218 21,714,013 6,485,828 16,579,369 6,489,201 1,650,671 53,321,300 Plywood 2007 220,172 24,285,764 7,966,143 15,621,136 6,854,863 1,263,032 56,211,110 Other 2008 1,271,842 1,854,641 33,658 5,840 3,165,981 Value - Added 2007 2,721,940 2,234,924 29,697 50,783 5,037,344 Other 2008 7,700 246,892 9,105 360 264,057 Products 2007 4,092 221,974 598 226,664 Total Export 2008 402,218 21,721,713 7,757,670 18,680,902 6,531,964 1,656,871 56,751,338 Value 2007 220,172 24,285,764 10,692,175 18,078,034 6,885,159 1,313,815 61,475,119

53

Major timber species and Uses

Classification Species Species Major Uses (Local Names) (Scientific Names) Special Category Boat building, marine work, piling, general heavy construction, flooring, Greenheart Chlorocardium rodiei heavy furniture, turnery and finishing rods. Building construction, flooring, bridging, boat building – keels, transoms, Purpleheart Peltogyne venosa canoes, coach building, furniture, turnery, inlay, tool handles, sticks, bows, and veneer. Brown Silverballi Licaria cannella Boat building, canoes, furniture, interior work, and general carpentry. Red Cedar Cedrela odorata Furniture, cabinet work, panelling, boats, coffins and cigar boxes. Letterwood Brosimum guianense Inlay, turnery, sticks, tool handles and bows for archery. General heavy construction, house framing, sleepers, mill rollers, wheel Bulletwood Manilkara bidentata spokes, fencing, axe and tool handles, turnery.

Class 1 General construction, interior work, carpentry, furniture, and turnery, Crabwood Carapa guianensis plywood and veneer. Yellow Silverballi Aniba hypoglauca Boat planking, canoes, furniture, cabinet work, and interior construction. Itikiboraballi Swartzia xanthopetala Inlay turnery, cabinet work, walking sticks, bag-pipes and tool handles. Ship-building, general construction, carriage buildings, tool handles, Locust Hymenaea courbaril furniture and croquet mallets. Boat-building, house framing, and flooring, furniture and turnery, interior Tatabu Diplotropis purpurea work, carriage-building, tool handles, and sleepers. Boat and carriage building, masts, furniture, carving, interior work, and Determa Ocotea rubra general carpentry. Furniture, cabinet work, parquet flooring, turnery, inlay, tool handles, Wamara Eperua grandiflora walking sticks, and bows for archery. Heavy construction, house framing, flooring, decking, punt bottoms, Kabukalli Goupia glabra canoes, railway sleepers, paving blocks, furniture and decorative plywood. Shibadan Aspidosperma album Fuel and Plywood. Heavy construction, piling, bridges, house framing, flooring, wheelwright Tauroniro Humiria balsamifera work, furniture, sleepers, counters, work bench tops. Heavy construction house sills, machinery frames, flooring, furniture and Manniballi Moronobea coccinea sheet piling. Bridges, house framing, sleepers, tool handles, rollers’ walking sticks, Washiba Tabebuia sp. and fishing rods. Bridges, house framing, sleepers, tool handles, rollers’ walking sticks, Hakia Tabebuia serratifolia and fishing rods. Match boxes, coffins, inside boarding, carpentry, packing cases, Dalli Virola spp. plywood, slack cooperage chip board and concrete shuttering. Suya Pouteria speciosa Interior boarding, carpentry, and plywood. Ulu Trattinickia demerarae Inside boarding, cupboard linings, canoes and plywood. Interior construction, furniture, shelves, drawer linings, shoe heels, Simarupa Quassia simarouba plywood, paper pulp, toys, box shooks. Aromata Clathrotropis branchypetala Furniture, house framing, boat building, flooring and sleepers. Building construction especially flooring, framing and siding, boat building especially ribs, stems, knees, transoms, and decking, sleepers, Mora Mora excelsa furniture, turnery, wagon building; wheelwright-work, naves and felloes, croquet mallets. Heavy construction, sleepers, flooring and siding, heavy furniture, boat Morabukea Mora gonggrijpii timbers, truck bodies. Hububalli Loxopterygium sagotii Panelling, furniture and cabinet work.

Class 2 Baromalli Catostemma commune Dry cooperage, interior work, box shooks, paper pulp, and plywood. Carpentry, interior work, furniture, door and window stock, concrete Dukalli Parahancornia fasciculata shuttering, match boxes and plywood. Kereti Silverballi Lauraceae spp Shuttering, temporary buildings, box making, and plywood. Kurahara Calophyllum lucidum Boat planking, canoes, punt mast and furniture. Heavy construction, flooring, furniture, boat building (planking), bridge Wabaima Licaria cannella decking, musical instruments. Karohoro Schefflera decaphylla Match splints, drums, canoes, interior construction and plywood. Baradan Ocotea tomentella Canoes, box shooks, concrete shuttering and plywood. Ubudi Anarcadium giganteum Interior work and plywood. Oars, interior construction, box shooks, utility plywood, slack cooperage Kirikua Iryanthera macrophylla and concrete shuttering. Kurokai Protium decandrum Masts, spars, house framing and plywood. Maporokan Inga alba Interior work, fuel and cheap plywood.

54

Monkey Pot Lecythis zabucajo General construction, furniture, turnery and wheel spokes. Utility wood, paper, pulp, plywood, cooperage, railway sleepers, sheet Manni Symphonia globulifera piling, packing cases, general carpentry, flooring, furniture and fuel. Piling, boat building, furniture, turnery, house framing, flooring, Pakuri Platonia insignis panelling, tight cooperage and general carpentry. Yaruru (Yarula) Aspidosperma excelsum Paddles, axe and tool handles, walking sticks, fishing rods and fuel. Muneridian Siparuna spp. Eperua falcata Pillar trees, roundwood framing, fence posts, transmission poles, sleepers, Wallaba Eperua grandiflora paling and vat staves, shingles, charcoal, particle board and firewood.

Class 3 Burada Parinari campestris Heavy construction, flooring.

Duka Tapirira marchandi Interior construction, furniture, box shooks and plywood. Dukuria Sacoglottis cydonioides Heavy construction. House framing, framing, constructional work, railway sleepers and Fukadi Terminalia amazonia plywood. Inyak Antonia ovata Interior work, furniture and boxes. Limonaballi Chrysophyllum pomiferum Heavy construction and fuel. Boat-framing, railway sleepers, heavy construction, truck building, wheel Suradan Hyeronima alchorneoides spokes, furniture, plywood and gun stocks. Paddles, shovel handles, and interior work, packing cases and cheap White Cedar Tabebuia insignis furniture. Coffins, box shooks, matches, concrete shuttering and interior Futui Jacaranda copaia construction. Halchiballi Pera schomburgkiana Fuel and utility plywood. Haiariballi Alexa imperatricis Interior construction, packing cases and plywood. Huruasa Abarema jupunba Fuel and plywood. Iteballi Vochysia schomburgkii Carpentry and furniture. Kakaralli Eschweilera alata Piling, house framing, mine lagging, posts and sleepers. Light gauge railway sleepers, roof shingles, mine timbering, fuel and Kauta Licania laxiflora charcoal.

55