Kasetsart Veterinarians vol. 19 No. 1. 2009 «“√ “√ —µ«·æ∑¬å ªï∑’Ë Ò˘ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ÚııÚ √“¬ß“π°“√æ∫ÀπÕπ∫Õµ„π°√–‡æ“–Õ“À“√¢Õß™â“ߪɓ ®“°®—ßÀ«—¥°“≠®π∫ÿ√’ Prevalence of Stomach Bot in a Wild Elephant from Kanchanaburi Province

æ√™—¬ —≠∞‘µ‘‡ √1’ πßπÿ™ ¿‘≠‚≠¿“πÿ«—µπ2å ®”πß®‘µ º“ ÿ¢2 “¡“√∂ ª√– ‘∑∏‘Ϻ≈3 π—π∑«—π ≠“µ‘∫√√∑ÿß1 ≥—∞æ≈ ‡¡◊Õß∑Õß4 ‡∫≠®æ≈ À≈àÕ —≠≈—°…≥5å ·≈–‰™¬¬—πµå ‡°…√¥Õ°∫—«6 Pornchai Sanyathitiseree1, Nongnuch Pinyopanuwat2, Jamnongchit Phasuk2, Samart Prasitiphol3, Nantawan Yatbantoong1, Nuttapol Mueangthong4, Benchapol Losanyaluk5 and Chaiyan Kasorndorkbua6

ABSTRACT

Stomach bot flies were found in the stomach of a female Asian elephant age about twelve year old which die from electric shock from amphur Muang of Kanchanaburi province. The identified bot was Cobboldia elephantis (Diptera: Gasterophilidae). These bot flies were length 2-3 cm. and found in the lumen of the stomach of wild Asian elephant host. Key words: Asian elephant, Wild elephant, , Stomach of elephant

1 ¿“§«‘™“‡«™»“ µ√å§≈‘π‘° —µ«å„À≠à·≈– —µ«åªÉ“ §≥– —µ«·æ∑¬»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡°…µ√»“ µ√å π§√ª∞¡ 73140 Department of large and wildlife clinical science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Nakornpathom 73140 2 ¿“§«‘™“ª√ ‘µ«‘∑¬“ §≥– —µ«·æ∑¬»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡°…µ√»“ µ√å °√ÿ߇∑æ 10900 Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900 3 À—«Àπâ“°≈ÿà¡æ—≤π“ ÿ¢¿“æ —µ«å ”π—°ß“πª»ÿ —µ«å®—ßÀ«—¥°“≠®π∫ÿ√’ 71000 Animal Health Development Department, Kanchanaburi Provincial Livestock Office, Kanchanaburi province 710000 4 Àπ૬ —µ«å„À≠à ‚√ß欓∫“≈ —µ«å¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡°…µ√»“ µ√å °”·æß· π π§√ª∞¡ 73140 Large Animal Unit, Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Kampangsaen Campus, Nakornpathom 73140 5 Àπ૬ —µ«åªÉ“ ‚√ß欓∫“≈ —µ«å¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡°…µ√»“ µ√å °”·æß· π π§√ª∞¡ 73140 Wildlife Unit, Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Kampangsaen Campus, Nakornpathom 73140 6 ¿“§«‘™“欓∏‘«‘∑¬“ §≥– —µ«·æ∑¬»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡°…µ√»“ µ√å °√ÿ߇∑æ 10900 Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900 «“√ “√ —µ«·æ∑¬å ªï∑’Ë Ò˘ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ÚııÚ 43 ∫∑§¥¬— Õà ¡“µ√°“√Õ—πÀπ÷Ëß„π°“√À“ “‡Àµÿ¢Õß°“√‡ ’¬ ™’«‘µ·≈–‡æ◊ËÕπ”¡“®—¥‡ªìπ¡“µ√°“√‡«™»“ µ√å ¡’°“√æ∫ÀπÕπ∫Õµ∑’Ë„π°√–‡æ“–Õ“À“√ ªÑÕß°—πµàÕ‰ª„πÕ𓧵 ‘Ëß∑’Ëæ∫‰¥â∫àÕ¬„πªí≠À“ ¢Õß™â“ߪɓ‡æ»‡¡’¬ Õ“¬ÿª√–¡“≥ 12 ªï „πÕ”‡¿Õ ∑“ß ÿ¢¿“æ¢Õß™â“ß ‰¥â·°à°“√‰«µàÕ‚√§µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ ‡¡◊Õß ®—ßÀ«—¥°“≠®π∫ÿ√’ ∑’˵“¬≈ß®“°∂°‰øøÑ“™ÁÕµŸ À≈“¬™π‘¥ (Fowler, 2006a) „π à«π¢Õß欓∏‘°Á¡’ ‚¥¬æ∫«à“‡ªìπ™π‘¥ Cobboldia elephantis (Diptera: ∫∑∫“∑„π‡√◊ËÕߢÕß ÿ¢¿“æ∑’Ë¡—°∂Ÿ°¡Õߢⓡ‰ª „π Gasterophilidae) ÀπÕπ∫Õµ¡’¢π“¥¬“« 2-3 ´¡. ™â“ß¡’√“¬ß“π°“√µ‘¥æ¬“∏‘∑—Èß¿“¬„π·≈–¿“¬πÕ° ·≈–Õ“»—¬„π lumen ¢Õß°√–‡æ“–Õ“À“√¢Õß™â“ß (Chakraborty 2003; Fowler 2006b) ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈°“√ ∑’ˇªìπ‡®â“∫â“π »÷°…“™π‘¥¢Õß欓∏‘¿“¬„π¢Õß™â“߉¥â‡§¬¡’°“√ §” ”§≠:— ™â“߇Շ™’¬ ™â“ߪɓ ÀπÕπ∫Õµ °√–‡æ“– √“¬ß“π„π™â“߇≈’Ȭ߄πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ (Nimsuphan et Õ“À“√™â“ß al. 2001) ·µà¬—ߢ“¥¢âÕ¡≈„π à«π¢Õß™â“ߪɓŸ „π à«π ¢Õß欓∏‘¿“¬πÕ°‰¥â‡§¬¡’√“¬ß“π°“√æ∫‡À“™â“ß §”π” (Õ“§¡ 1992; Rietschel and Rietschel 1996) ®ÿ¥ ª√– ߧå¢Õß°“√»÷°…“§√—Èßπ’ȇæ◊ËÕ√“¬ß“π°“√§âπ ™â“ߪɓ (wild Asian elephants - Elephas æ∫欓∏‘„π°√–‡æ“–Õ“À“√¢Õß™â“ߪɓ„π·∂∫ maximus) ‡ªìπ —µ«å°‘πæ◊™¢π“¥„À≠à „πª√–‡∑» ¿“§µ–«—πµ°¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ‰∑¬ ®”π«πª√–¡“≥ 2,000 µ—« „π°≈ÿࡪɓ·∂∫ µ–«—πµ° (À⫬¢“·¢âß ·≈–∑ÿàß„À≠àπ‡√»«√) °≈ÿà¡ Õÿª°√≥å·≈–«‘∏’°“√ ªÉ“·°àß°√–®“π°ÿ¬∫ÿ√’ ªÉ“‡¢“„À≠à ‡ªìπµâπ À¿“æπ“π“™“µ‘‡æ◊ËÕ°“√Õπÿ√—°…å∏√√¡™“µ‘·≈– ™â“ߪɓ‡æ»‡¡’¬Õ“¬ÿª√–¡“≥ 12 ªï πÈ”Àπ—° ∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“µ‘ (International Union of ª√–¡“≥ 1,500-1,800 °°. (√Ÿª∑’Ë 1) ‡ ’¬™’«‘µÕ¬Ÿà Conservation or Nature and Natural Resources ; ∫√‘‡«≥ªÉ“ —°À¡Ÿà 8 µ.«—ߥâß Õ.‡¡◊Õß ®—ßÀ«—¥ IUCN )‰¥â°”Àπ¥ ∂“π¿“æ¢Õߧ«“¡‡ ’ˬߵàÕ°“√ °“≠®π∫ÿ√’ æ∫´“°‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë 26 ‘ßÀ“§¡ 2551 Ÿ≠æ—π∏ÿå¢Õß™â“ߪɓլŸà„π ∂“π¿“æ¡’§«“¡‡ ’Ë¬ß °“√µ√«®‡∫◊ÈÕßµâπæ∫«à“ ¿“æ´“°πÕπµ–·§ß¢«“ µàÕ°“√„°≈â Ÿ≠æ—π∏å„π∏√√¡™“µ‘ √«¡∑—Èß®—¥‰«â„π ß«ßæ“¥Õ¬Ÿà°—∫≈«¥‰øøÑ“ ·≈–æ∫∫“¥·º≈∑’Ë CITES Appendix I ªí≠À“§«“¡¢—¥·¬âß√–À«à“ߧπ ª≈“¬ß«ß´÷Ëß¡’√Õ¬‰À¡â∑’˺‘«Àπ—ß∫√‘‡«≥∫“¥·º≈ °—∫™â“ß (human-elephant conflict-HEC) ‡ªìπªí®®—¬ ®“°º≈°“√ºà“™—π Ÿµ√´“°æ∫«à“™â“ß¡’ ¿“æ À≈—° ”§—≠Õ—πÀπ÷Ëß∑’Ë¡’§«“¡§ÿ°§“¡µàÕ°“√ √à“ß°“¬ª°µ‘ ‰¡àæ∫°“√µ—Èß∑âÕß æ∫®ÿ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ÕÕ°∑’Ë Õπÿ√—°…å™â“ߪɓ∑’Ë¡’°“√√“¬ß“π°“√‡°‘¥ªí≠À“·≈– °≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕÀ—«„® ·≈– ’¡à«ß§≈È”∫√‘‡«≥ª≈“¬≈‘Èπ ‡∑§π‘§°“√®—¥°“√·°âªí≠À“‰«â ( ¡“§¡Õπÿ√—°…å πÕ°®“°π’Èæ∫°“√µ°µ–°Õπ¢Õßæ≈“ ¡“·≈– —µ«åªÉ“ ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ 2550; ÿæ≈ ·≈–§≥– 2550) ‡¡Á¥‡≈◊Õ¥¢“« ¡’≈—°…≥–‡ªìπ ’‡À≈◊Õߧ≈⓬°—∫‰¢ ªí≠À“°“√‡ ’¬™’«‘µ≈ߢÕß™â“ߪɓ∑’ˇ°’ˬ«°—∫ªí≠À“ ¡—π‰°à„πÀ—«„®ÀâÕß≈à“ߴ⓬ ∫√‘‡«≥°√–‡æ“– ∑“ß ÿ¢¿“欗ߢ“¥¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈Õ¬Ÿà„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ °“√ Õ“À“√æ∫ÀπÕπ bots ¢π“¥≈”µ—«¬“«ª√–¡“≥ 2- ºà“´“°¢Õß™â“ߪɓ¿“¬À≈—ß∑’Ë¡’°“√µ“¬≈ßπ—Èπ‡ªìπ 3 ´¡. ®”π«π 8-12 µ—« (√Ÿª∑’Ë 2) 44 «“√ “√ —µ«·æ∑¬å ªï∑’Ë Ò˘ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ÚııÚ

√Ÿª∑’Ë 1 ™â“ߪɓ‡æ»‡¡’¬Õ“¬ÿª√–¡“≥ 12 ªï∑’ˇ ’¬ √Ÿª∑’Ë 2 · ¥ß¿“æÀπÕπ bots „π°√–‡æ“– ™’«‘µ„π®—ßÀ«—¥°“≠®π∫ÿ√’´÷Ëß∑”°“√ºà“ Õ“À“√™â“ß ´“°·≈–µ√«®À“欓∏‘¿“¬„π

π”µ—«Õ¬à“ß√Õ¬‚√§À—«„® µ—∫ ≈‘Èπ ‡≈◊Õ¥ ‡»… æ∫√–∫∫À¡ÿπ‡«’¬π‚≈À‘µ≈⡇À≈«Õ¬à“߇©’¬∫æ≈—π Õ“À“√„π°√–‡æ“–Õ“À“√ ·≈–Õÿ®®“√– ∑—Èß ¥ πÕ°®“°π’Ⱥ≈°“√µ√«®·¬°™π‘¥ÀπÕπ bots „π ·≈–·™à„ππÈ”¬“øÕ√å¡“≈‘π 10% àßÀâÕߪؑ∫—µ‘ °√–‡æ“–Õ“À“√æ∫«à“‡ªìπ™π‘¥ Cobboldia °“√∑’ËÀπ૬™—π µ√‚√§ —µ«åŸ §≥– —µ«·æ∑¬»“ µ√å elephantis ´÷Ëß¡’™◊ËÕ “¡—≠‡√’¬°«à“ elephant throat «‘∑¬“‡¢µ°”·æß· π ‡æ◊ËՇ擖·¬°‡™◊ÈÕ‰«√— botflys À√◊Õ elephant stomach botflies ∑’Ëæ∫ ‡ŒÕ√åªï å·≈–∑” section ∑“ß®ÿ≈欓∏‘«‘∑¬“ √«¡ ‡©æ“–„π™â“߇Շ™’¬ à«πÀπÕπ bots ∑’Ëæ∫„π™â“ß ∑—Èßπ”‡≈◊Õ¥¡“¬âÕ¡ ’Gram „π à«π¢Õßµ—«Õ¬à“ß ·Õø√‘°“π—Èπ®–‡ªìπ™π‘¥¬àÕ¬Õ◊Ëπ ÀπÕπ bots ∑’Ëæ∫‰¥âπ” àß∑’Ë¿“§«‘™“ª√ ‘µ«‘∑¬“ °“√µ√«®·¬°™π‘¥¢ÕßÀπÕπ bot §≥– —µ«·æ∑¬»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡°…µ√»“ µ√å ∑”°“√µ√«®·¬°™π‘¥ÀπÕπ bots ‚¥¬µ√«® «‘∑¬“‡¢µ∫“߇¢π‡æ◊ËÕ∑”°“√µ√«®·¬°™π‘¥¢Õß ≈—°…≥–∑—Ë«‰ª (√Ÿª∑’Ë 3) ‡æ◊ËÕ¥Ÿ√Ÿª√à“ß≈—°…≥–¢Õß ÀπÕπ bots ¥—ß°≈à“«µàÕ‰ª mouth hooks ·≈– posterior spiracles ®“°π—Èπ ∑”°“√µ—¥ à«π∑⓬≈”µ—«¢Õßµ—«ÕàÕπ‡æ◊ËÕ mount º≈°“√∑¥≈Õß posterior spiracle ∫π°√–®° ‰≈¥å¥â«¬πÈ”¬“ Hoyerûs medium ·≈–‚¥¬«‘∏’ Hydroxide method º≈°“√¬âÕ¡ ’ Gram ¢Õ߇≈◊Õ¥‰¡àæ∫‡™◊ÈÕ (Õ“§¡ 2541) ‡æ◊ËÕ·¬°™π‘¥¢Õßµ—«ÕàÕπ®“° ·∫§∑’‡√’¬·µàÕ¬à“ß„¥ ·≈–º≈°“√µ√«®À“‡™◊ÈÕ‰« ≈—°…≥–¢Õß posterior spiracle √— ‡ŒÕ√åªï å¥â«¬«‘∏’ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“≈Ÿ°‚´à‚æ≈’‡¡Õ√å‡√ „Àâ º≈°“√·¬°™π‘¥µ—«Õ¬à“ß∑’ˇ°Á∫¡“æ∫«à“‡ªìπ º≈∑“ßÀâÕߪؑ∫—µ‘°“√‡ªìπ≈∫ º≈®“°°“√µ√«® µ—«ÕàÕπ√–¬–∑’Ë 3 ¢Õß elephant botflies ‚¥¬¡’ ∑“ß®ÿ≈欓∏‘«‘∑¬“‡æ◊ËÕÀ“ “‡Àµÿ°“√µ“¬¢Õß™â“ß ≈—°…≥–¥—ßπ’È (1) ∑“ߥâ“πÀπâ“≈”µ—«¡’µ–¢Õ∑’Ë à«π „π§√—Èßπ’Èæ∫«à“‡°‘¥®“°‰øøÑ“™ÁÕµ‡π◊ËÕß¡“®“°°“√ ª“° (mouth hooks) (√Ÿª∑’Ë 3) (2) posterior spiracles «“√ “√ —µ«·æ∑¬å ªï∑’Ë Ò˘ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ÚııÚ 45

√Ÿª∑’Ë 3 · ¥ß√Ÿª√à“ß≈—°…≥–¿“¬¢Õßµ—«ÕàÕπ√–¬–∑’Ë 3 ¢Õß elephant stomach bot flies

¡’ spiracular plates ´÷Ëߪ√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ spiracular slits π—Èπ¡’ªí≠À“∑“ß ÿ¢¿“æÀ√◊Õ‡ªì𠓇Àµÿ„À⇠’¬™’«‘µ 3 Õ—π ∑’ˬ“«‰¡à‡∑à“°—π´÷Ëß·µà≈–Õ—π‡ªìπ·π«µ√ß·≈– ≈߇π◊ËÕß®“°ª°µ‘™â“ß¡’ª√‘¡“≥欓∏‘∑’Ë “¡“√∂ ·¬°°—π™—¥‡®π (3) spiracular plates ∂°≈âÕ¡√Õ∫¥â«¬Ÿ æ∫‰¥â‚¥¬‰¡à¡’Õ“°“√· ¥ßÕÕ°¡“„Àâ‡ÀÁπÕ¬à“ß peritreme ∑’Ë¡’≈—°…≥–Àπ“ ’‡¢â¡·≈– ¡∫Ÿ√≥å ‡¥àπ™—¥ (Chakraborty, 2003; Fowler, 2006b) (complete) √«¡∑—Èß∫√‘‡«≥µ√ß°≈“ߢÕß plates ¥—ß Cobboldia elephantis À√◊Õ Oestrus °≈à“«∑—Èß 2 plates ®–¡“‡™◊ËÕ¡°—π elephantis (Steel, 1978) À√◊Õ Gastrophilus elephantis (Cobbold, 1882) ∑’ˇªìπ‰¡‡Õ’¬´‘ (Myiasis) ®“° «®“√≥‘ å ∑’Ë®—¥Õ¬Ÿà„π Family Oestridae ™π‘¥ obligatory myiasis ∑’Ë„™â‡®â“∫â“π∑’Ë¡’™’«‘µ„π°“√æ—≤𓇪ìπµ—«‡µÁ¡«—¬ ®“°°“√§âπ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈æ∫«à“‡§¬¡’√“¬ß“π°“√ „π à«π¢Õß∑“߇¥‘πÕ“À“√„π™â“߇Շ™’¬‡∑à“π—Èπ æ∫ fly larvae „π™â“߇≈’È¬ß “¬æ—π∏å‡Õ‡™’¬∑’˵“¬≈ß “¡“√∂æ∫‰¥â∑—Èß™â“ߪɓ·≈–™â“߇≈’È¬ß ∑’˵”·Àπàß ¥â«¬¿“«–∑âÕßÕ◊¥∑’Ë®—ßÀ«—¥≈”ª“ß («’≥“ ·≈–§≥– ¢Õßß«ß §ÕÀÕ¬ À≈Õ¥Õ“À“√°√–‡æ“–Õ“À“√®π 2007) √«¡∑—Èß¡’°“√æ∫ÀπÕπ bots „π™â“߉∑¬∑’Ë ‰ª∂÷ß≈”‰ â ∫“ߧ√—Èßæ∫‰¥â∑’Ë frontal sinus (Evans, µ“¬„πª√–‡∑»Õ‘π‚¥π’‡´’¬ (Fahrimal and Sudarwati, 1910; Sikes,1971) ®”π«π∑’Ëæ∫Õ“®¡’¡“°‡ªìπ 100 2006) °“√æ∫欓∏‘∑’Ë„π™â“ߪɓ∑’ËÕ“»—¬Õ¬Ÿà„π√Õ¬ µ—«®π∂÷ß®”π«π¡“°‡ªìπ°‘‚≈°√—¡‰¥â ¡’√“¬ß“π µàÕ¢Õß™â“ß∫â“π·≈–™â“ߪɓ ∑”„ÀâµâÕ߇ΩÑ“√–«—ß °“√æ∫„πª√–‡∑»Õ‘π‡¥’¬ »√’≈—ß°“ æ¡à“ °—¡æŸ™“ °“√µ‘¥æ¬“∏‘™π‘¥π’È„π™â“߇≈’Ȭß∑’Ë„™â„π∏ÿ√°‘®°“√ ¡“‡≈‡´’¬·≈–Õ‘π‚¥π’‡´’¬ (www.wildlifeinformation. ∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«„π·∂∫¥—ß°≈à“« µ”·Àπàß∑’Ëæ∫ÀπÕπ bots org) Õ“°“√∑“ߧ≈‘π‘°∑’Ëæ∫π—Èπ‰¡à®”‡æ“– ‰¥â·°à ®–æ∫Õ¬Ÿà‡©æ“–„π à«π¢Õß°√–‡æ“–Õ“À“√‡∑à“π—Èπ °“√‡∫◊ËÕÕ“À“√ °“√‰¡àÕ¬“°°‘ππÈ” °“√‡ ’¬¥∑âÕß ‡π◊ËÕß®“°¡’¢âÕ®”°—¥„π°“√‡ªî¥ºà“´“°∑”„Àâ‰¡à ´÷¡·≈–¡’Õÿ®®“√–∑’ˉ¡à·¢Á߇ªìπ°âÕπ (Evans, 1910; “¡“√∂§âπÀ“‰¥â∑’Ë„πÕ«—¬«–Õ◊Ë𠇙àπ À≈Õ¥Õ“À“√ Sikes,1971; Chandrasekharan et al. 1993; Schmitt ß«ß ‡ªìπµâπ °“√æ∫欓∏‘™π‘¥π’ȉ¡à‰¥â∫àß™’È«à“™â“ß 2003) °“√∑’Ëæ∫ÀπÕπ欓∏‘™π‘¥π’È¡—°æ∫«à“‰¡à 46 «“√ “√ —µ«·æ∑¬å ªï∑’Ë Ò˘ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ÚııÚ —¡æ—π∏å°—∫Õ“°“√·µàÕ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡§«√§”π÷ß∂÷ß ¡“§¡Õπÿ√—°…å —µ«åªÉ“ ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬. 2550. 欓∏‘™π‘¥π’ȇ¡◊ËÕæ∫Õ“°“√¥—ß°≈à“« 欓∏‘«‘∑¬“∑’Ë ‡∑§π‘§°“√®—¥°“√ªí≠À“§«“¡¢—¥·¬âß√–À«à“ß À≈Õ¥Õ“À“√æ∫®ÿ¥ ’¢“« µÿà¡πÈ”·≈–°“√≈Õ°À≈ÿ¥ §π°—∫™â“ß Àπâ“ 2-8. · ߇¡◊Õß°“√æ‘¡æå ¢Õ߇¬◊ËÕ∫ÿº‘« à«π¢Õ߉¢àÕ“®æ∫‰¥â∑’Ëøíπ·≈–∞“π °√ÿ߇∑æ ¢Õßß“ (Fowler 2006b) ÿæ≈ ®‘µ√«‘®—°…≥å ™≈∏√ ™”π“≠§‘¥ ·≈–‡ “«π’¬å º≈∑“ß®ÿ≈欓∏‘«‘∑¬“∑’ËÀ≈Õ¥Õ“À“√®“° “√‡πµ√. 2550. §π°—∫™â“ߪɓ∫π ∂“π°“√≥å °“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ„π™π‘¥ Cobboldia chysidiformis æ∫µÿà¡ „À¡à Õÿ∑¬“π·Ààß™“µ‘°ÿ¬∫ÿ√’. Àπâ“ 28 › 32. ΩÉ“¬ πÈ”∑’Ë¡’≈—°…≥–§≈⓬ micro-mucocoeles ∑’Ë¡’‡´≈≈å ®—¥°“√∑√—欓°√ªÉ“‰¡â WWF ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬, π‘«‚∑√øî≈≈å·≈–·∫§∑’‡√’¬™π‘¥°≈¡ „π√–¬–‡√‘Ë¡ ª∑ÿ¡∏“π’. µâπ¢Õß°“√‡°‘¥µÿà¡πÈ”π’ȇ¬◊ËÕ∫ÿº‘«¡’°“√‡°‘¥ hydropic Õ“§¡ —ߢå«√“ππ∑å. 2535. ‡À“¢Õß™â“߇Շ™’¬∑’Ë À√◊Õ ballooning changes æ∫°“√≈Õ°À≈ÿ¥„π™—Èπ æ∫„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬. —µ«·æ∑¬ “√. 43 (4): 55- lamina propria ·≈–∑’Ë submucosal gland ¡’°“√ 62. ¢¬“¬µ—«¢Õß∑àÕ∑’Ë¡’‡¬◊ËÕ‡¡◊Õ°¡“ – ¡ (www. Õ“§¡ —ߢå«√“ππ∑å. 2541. ª√ ‘µ«‘∑¬“§≈‘π‘°∑“ß wildlifeinformation.org) —µ«·æ∑¬å. Àπâ“ 261-262 ”π—°æ‘¡æå °“√µ√«®«‘π‘®©—¬°“√µ‘¥ÀπÕπ bots ™π‘¥π’È ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡°…µ√»“ µ√å °√ÿ߇∑æ „π —µ«å∑’Ë¡’™’«‘µ®–∑”‰¥â¬“° „π∫“ߧ√—ÈßÕ“®æ∫ Chakraborty, A. 2003. Helminth parasites of Indian ÀπÕπ bots ‰¥â‚¥¬ª–ªπ¡“°—∫Õÿ®®“√–™â“ß (Evans, elephant (Elephas maximus). p.263-284. In 1910) ùHelminthology in Indiaû. Sood M.L. (ed.) International Book Distributors, Uttaranchal, °‘µµ‘°√√¡ª√–°“» India. Chandrasekharan, K., K. Radhakrishnan, J.V. ¢Õ¢Õ∫§ÿ≥‡®â“ÀπⓇ¢µ√—°…“æ—π∏å —µ«åªÉ“ Cheeran, K.N. Muraleedharan Nair, and T. ≈—°æ√– ‡®â“Àπâ“∑’ËÀâÕߪؑ∫—µ‘°“√Àπ૬™—π Ÿµ√ Prabhakaran. 1993. Review of the incidence, ‚√§ —µ«å ·≈–π‘ ‘µ™—Èπªï∑’Ë 6 §≥– —µ«·æ∑¬»“ µ√å etiology and control of common diseases of ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡°…µ√»“ µ√å «‘∑¬“‡¢µ°”·æß· π Asian elephants with special reference to ∑’Ë¡’ à«π™à«¬‡À≈◊Õ„π°“√ºà“´“°™â“ß„π§√—Èßπ’È Kerala. p.439-449. In çProceedings of the International Seminar on Asian Elephants - A ‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß Week with Elephants. Daniel, J.C. and H.S. Datye (eds.) June 1993, Bombay Natural «’≥“ ∏ß´‘« «‘®‘µ√“ «√√≥‚«À“√ ·≈–ª√’™“ æ«ß§”. History Society, Bombay and Oxford University 2550. ¿“«–∑âÕßÕ◊¥·≈–°“√æ∫ÀπÕπ·¡≈ß Press, Oxford, Great Britain. °√–‡æ“–„π™â“߇Շ™’¬:√“¬ß“π —µ«åªÉ«¬. Evans, G.H. 1910. Chapter XV. - Internal Parasites ‡™’¬ß„À¡à —µ«·æ∑¬ “√. 5(1): 93-99. - Symptoms of the presence of Parasites. «“√ “√ —µ«·æ∑¬å ªï∑’Ë Ò˘ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò ÚııÚ 47 p.267-279. Elephants and Their Diseases: a captive Asian elephant in Thailand. Proceeding Treatise on elephants. Government Press, 26th Veterinary Annual Conference, 15-17 Rangoon, India. November, Bangkok. Fahrimal, Y. and R. Sudarwati. 2006. Veterinary Rietschel, W. and G. Rietschel. 1996. Veterinary problems of geographical concern - Section IV aspects of myiasis caused by Elephantoloemus Indonesia. p.454-457. In ùBiology, Medicine and indicus (Indian elephant skin maggot) in Asian Surgery of Elephantsû. Fowler, M.E. and S.K. elephant (Elephas maximus) in Northern Mikota (eds.) Blackwell Publishing, Ames, Iowa, Thailand. p. 219-223. European Association of USA. Zoo and Wildlife Veterinarians First Scientific Fowler, M.E. 2006a. Infectious diseases. p.131- Meeting, Rostock, Germany, May 16-18, 1996. 158. In ùBiology, Medicine and Surgery of Schmitt, D. L. 2003. Proboscidea (Elephants). p. Elephantsû. Fowler, M.E. and S.K. Mikota (eds.) 541-550. In ùZoo and Wild Animal Medicineû Blackwell Publishing, Ames, Iowa, USA. Fifth Edition Fowler, M.E. and R.E. Miller (eds.) Fowler, M.E. 2006b. Parasitology. p.159-181. In Saunders, Elsevier Science, St Louis, Missouri, ùBiology, Medicine and Surgery of Elephantsû. USA. Fowler, M.E. and S.K. Mikota (eds.) Blackwell Sikes, S. K. 1971. The and its Publishing, Ames, Iowa, USA. health. p.185-223. In ùThe Natural History of Nimsuphan, B., N. Thongtip, P. Sanyathitiseree, N. the African Elephantû. The Trinity Press, Pinyopanuwat, P. Pongsopawijit, P. Kussalapan, London, Great Britain. S. Thongyuan, and W. Kanmud. 2001. Studies www.wildlifeinformation.org §âπ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈«—π∑’Ë 20 on the prevalence of internal parasites of µÿ≈“§¡ 2551