Isang Kritikal Na Pagsusuri Sa Pagpa-Pagpag Ng Mga Maralitang

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Isang Kritikal Na Pagsusuri Sa Pagpa-Pagpag Ng Mga Maralitang Unibersidad ng Pilipinas Maynila Kolehiyo ng Agham at Sining Departamento ng Agham Panlipunan LIPUNAN, BITUKA AT ALIKABOK: Isang Kritikal na Pagsusuri sa Pagpa-Pagpag ng mga Maralitang Naninirahan sa Barangay Payatas sa Lungsod ng Quezon at Tatlong Barangay sa Tondo Slum Areas at ang Implikasyon nito sa Kanilang Panlipunang Pamumuhay Isang undergradweyt tesis bilang parsyal na katuparan sa mga rekisito sa kursong BA Araling Pangkaunlaran Ipinasa ni Cesar A. Mansal 2011-85004 BA Araling Pangkaunlaran Ipinasa kay Propesor Ida Marie Pantig Tagapayo Mayo 2016 PAGKILALA AT PASASALAMAT Naging madugo at mapanghamon ang pagsusulat ko ng tesis sa aking huling taon sa pamantasan. Kalakip ng bawat titik na inilalagak ko sa manyuskriptong ito ay ang pagtambad sa aking mga mata ng masasakit na reyalidad na hindi ko kahit kailanman inakalang masasaksihan ng aking mga mata. Naging mahapdi para sa aking damdamin ang makita ang totoong kalagayan ng mga abang maralita sa Kamaynilaan habang masayang namumuhay sa karangyaan ang marami. Ang kanilang kasadlakan sa hirap na nakikita ko araw-araw sa Tondo ang siyang nagtulak sa akin upang isulat ng pananaliksik na ito. Wala man akong kakayahan sa kasalukuyan na makatulong sa pagpapataas sa antas ng pamumuhay ng mga maralitang Pilipino, nawa’y sa pamamagitan ng panananaliksik na ito ay makapag-ambag ako ng kaalaman patungkol sa pamamagpag ng mga maralita at makapagmulat ako ng isip ng maraming Pilipinong hindi batid ang pag-iral nito. At dahil naging matagumpay ang pagsulat ko sa tesis na ito, nais kong magpasalamat at ialay ang pananaliksik na ito sa lahat ng umagapay sa akin sa araw-araw na paglubog at pag-inog sa mga pook maralita. Una sa lahat, nais kong ialay sa DIYOS ang tesis na ito dahil sa araw-araw na lakas at buhay na ipinagkakaloob niya sa akin. Hindi magiging posible ang lahat ng mga ito kundi dahil sa kanyang paggabay sa akin sa bawat paghakbang ko sa mundo. Para sa iyo DIYOS ang tagumpay na ito! Pangalawa, iniaalay ko ang tesis na ito sa aking mga magulang at mga kapatid. Ang pagbibigay ninyo ng lakas at suporta sa akin lalo na sa mga oras na malapit na akong sumuko ang naging dahilan ko upang patuloy pa ring lumaban sa mapanghamong taong ito sa Unibersidad. Para sa inyo ang sakripisyong ito! i Pangatlo, nais kong ialay itong pananaliksik na ito kay Ginoong Carlo C. Magat dahil sa kanyang walang-sawang pagtulong sa akin sa pangangalap ng mga datos sa mga pook slums at pook iskwater sa Kamaynilaan. Hindi magiging ganito kahusay ang mga datos na nakalap ko kung hindi ko nasumpungan ang iyong pagtulong, maraming salamat sa iyo! Pang-apat, nais ko ring ialay ang tesis na ito sa aking tagapayo, si Bb. Ida Pantig at sa lahat ng aking mga barkada sa kolehiyo na kasama kong nagpuyat, nagbuwis-buhay, at lumaban matapos lamang ang aming mga pananaliksik. Naging makahulugan ang kolehiyo ko dahil sa inyo. Mahal na mahal ko kayo. Ang mga kaalamang ibinahagi ninyo sa akin ay dadalhin ko hanggang sa maging isa na akong ganap na propesyunal. Mabuhay kayo! At panghuli, iniaalay ko itong pananaliksik na ito sa masang maralita, na silang sumasalo sa lahat ng hapis at pagdurusa sa mga kalunsuran. Nasaksihan at naranasan ko ang araw-araw ninyong pamumuhay, at masasabi kong hindi talaga madaling maging kayo. Masalimuot ang kasaysayang inyong tinahak, at patuloy pang nilalakaran. Maalab ang aking kahilingan na sana ay dumating ang araw kung saan makakalaya rin kayo mula sa inyong kinalalagyan. Mabuhay kayo at huwag mawalan ng pag-asa! At sa babasa nito, hindi ko kahilingan ang kayo’y maaliw sa mga mababasa at makikita ninyong larawan. Bagk us nawa ay tumagos sa inyong mga puso ang nasyonalismo at pagmamahal sa mga aba nating kababayan. Imulat natin ang ating mga mata, at makialam dahil may nagdurusa. Hangga’ may mahirap, h’wag itigil ang laban! Isang mapagpalayang araw! ii Unibersidad ng Pilipinas Maynila Kolehiyo ng Agham at Sining Departamento ng Agham Panlipunan Kalye Padre Faura, Armita, Maynila PAHINA NG PAGPAPATIBAY Mayo 2016 Bilang bahagi ng katuparan para makamit ang antas na titulong Batsilyer sa Sining, Dalubhasa sa Araling Pangkaunlaran, ang tesis na ito na pinamagatang “LIPUNAN, BITUKA AT ALIKABOK: Isang Kritikal na Pagsusuri sa Pagpa-Pagpag ng mga Maralitang Naninirahan sa Barangay Payatas sa Lungsod ng Quezon at Tatlong Barangay sa Tondo Slum Areas at ang Implikasyon nito sa Kanilang Panlipunang Pamumuhay” na inihanda at isinumite ni Cesar A. Mansal ay inirerekomenda ngayon para sa pagpapasiya. ________________________________ Propesor Ida Marie Pantig, MPP Tagapayo sa Tesis Tinanggap at pinagtibay bilang bahagi ng pagtupad sa pangangailangan ng kursong Batsilyer sa Sining, Dalubhasa sa Araling Pangkaunlaran. ______________________________ Propesor Jerome Ong, MA History Tagapangulo Departamento ng Agham Panlipunan Unibersidad ng Pilipinas Maynila iii ABSTRAKTO Isa ang Pilipinas sa mga bansang pinipigalot ng kahirapan sa Asya at sa buong mundo. Dahil sa patuloy na urbanisasyon kung saan tumutulak patungong mga kalunsuran ang maraming Pilipino sa pagnanasang mapaglalaanan sila ng mas maunlad na kabuhayan at serbisyong panlipunan ng pamahalaan, mas lumalaki ang bilang ng populasyon sa mga pook urban. Nagreresulta ito sa pagdami ng bilang ng mga mamamayang mahihirap sa mga lungsod dahil sa pagdagsa ng tao ay siya naman ang paghina ng kapasidad ng industriya at pamahalaan na tugunan ang pangangailangan ng lahat. Kakaiba ang manipestasyon ng pag-iral ng kahirapan at kagutuman sa mga pook urban, sapagkat talamak dito ang bentahan at pagkonsumo ng mga pagkaing itinapon na sa basurahan ng maraming kainan at kabahayan na para sa mga ordinaryong mamamayan ay nakasusulasok, at nakapagpapanginig laman- ang Pagpag. Sa pag-aaral na ito, ay ginalugad ng mananaliksik ang apat sa pinakamalalaking slum communities sa Kamaynilaan upang mapatunayan ang existensiya ng pagpa-Pagpag sa bansa. Ang mga komunidad na ito ay ang mga sumusunod: Brgy. 128 (Smokey Mountain), Brgy. 105 (Aroma/Helping Land), Brgy. 129 (Daungan) at Brgy. Payatas sa Lungsod ng Quezon. Sa pag-aaral na ito, nagsagawa ng panayam ang mananaliksik sa 100 maralita upang malaman ang kanilang mga kadahilanan at saloobin sa kanilang araw-araw na pagkain ng Pagpag. Bukod dito, personal ding nakilahok sa pagbubukod-bukod at pagkain ng Pagpag ang mananaliksik upang mas mapalalim pa ang kaalaman at pang-unawa patungkol sa kalikasan ng ganitong uri ng pamumuhay. Dagdag pa rito, kumapanayam din ang mananaliksik ng mga eksperto sa larangan ng Medisina, Ekonomiks, Nutrition, at Sosyolohiya upang malaman ang implikasyon ng pagpa-Pagpag sa kalusugan, pagtingin sa lipunan, at pamumuhay sa impormal na ekonomya ng mga maralita. Kasama rin sa mga kinapanayam ang mga punong barangay at mga kagawad sa mga lugar na ito. Lumalabas sa pananaliksik na hindi lamang maiuugnay sa isa o iilang kadahilanan ang nagtutulak sa mga maralita upang mamagpag. Ang istraktura ng sistemang panlipunan at ang mga kondisyong nakapaloob dito sa pook urban na kanilang ginagalawan ay ang may malaking pananagutan upang kumain sila ng mga pagkaing galing na sa basurahan na pinamumugaran ng maraming mikrobyo. Sa huli, nakakaapekto ito ng hindi maganda sa kanilang kalusugan at pagtingin sa lipunan. Bukod pa rito, dahil natutugunan ng impormal na ekonomya ng pagpa-Pagpag ang mga pangangailan ng mga maralita, nagiging bibihira na lamang ang kanilang pagbisita sa mga merkado kung saan ayon sa kanila ay may mga bilihing masyadong mahal para sa kanila. Sa huling bahagi ng pananaliksik na ito, ginawan ng pagsusuri ng mananaliksik ang paglabag ng pag-iral ng Pagpag sa bansa sa right to food ng mga mamamayan. iv TALAAN NG NILALAMAN PASASALAMAT ...................................................................................................................................I PAHINA NG PAGPAPATIBAY ...................................................................................................... III ABSTRAKTO ...................................................................................................................................... IV KABANATA 1: MUNGKAHING PAG-AARAL............................................................................... 1 I. INTRODUKSYON ....................................................................................................................... 2 II. SANDIGAN NG PANANALIKSIK ............................................................................................ 8 A. PAGLIKHA NG MGA LUNGSOD AT PAGLIKHA NG KAHIRAPAN .................................... 8 B. LIPUNAN NG ISKWATER AT SLUMS .................................................................................... 11 C. ANG LIPUNAN, BITUKA AT ALIKABOK .............................................................................. 13 III. LAYUNIN NG PANANALIKSIK ............................................................................................. 18 IV. KABULUHAN NG PANANALIKSIK ................................................................................. 22 KABANATA 2: PAGSUSURI NG KAUGNAY NA LITERATURA ............................................. 26 V. PAGSUSURI NG MGA KAUGNAY NA LITERATURA ...................................................... 27 A. ANG ISTARBASYON BILANG PANDAIGDIGANG KRISIS ................................................. 27 B. ISTARBASYON SA IBA’T IBANG PANIG NG MUNDO ....................................................... 31 C. PLANETA NG SLUMS AT ISKWATER .................................................................................... 33 D. ANG KULTURA
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