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Intermediate Herb Course Whispering Woods Intermediate Herb Course Belladonna The goal of life is living in agreement with nature. Zeno (335 BC - 264 BC), from Diogenes Laertius, Lives of Eminent Philosophers Throughout this course there will be information listed that in part, comes from the King's American Dispensatory by Harvey Wickes Felter, M.D., and John Uri Lloyd, Phr. M., Ph. D., 1898 CE. This is done in part to offer a background on the early uses of herbs, which in some cases has not changed to this day. As always, this information is offered in an educational way only. The use of herbs for whatever reason is a personal decision and not one that is suggested or implied in any way. We hope that you enjoy the course... Whispering Woods Intermediate Herb Course Lesson One - Glossary Coltsfoot Greetings and welcome to the Whispering Woods Intermediate Herb course. It is our hope that your knowledge of herbs is expanded and that you enjoy the course. One of the major uses of herbs is in fact medicinal. Therefore we need to learn certain terms in order to better understand the proper and safe use of herbs. Used in the wrong way, herbs can cause serious injury and even death. This information is for educational purposes only! No other use is suggested or implied... Meng Shen, is a Chinese herbalist who wrote the first diet herbal describing 227 herbs. He lived to be 92 (621 CE-713 CE). His book was called "Shih Liao Ben Tsao" (Diet Therapy of Herbs) which was written in 686 CE. Terms: Adaptogen - Herbs that have immune system enhancers which help the body adjust to change, regulates stress and restores natural immune resistance. Ex: Echinacea, garlic, ginkgo balboa, ginseng, goldenseal, pau d'arco and suma Alterative - Herbs with alterative properties stimulate gradual changes in metabolism and tissue function in acute and chronic conditions and increase overall health, energy, vigor and strength. Ex: aloe Vera, black Cohosh, blue Cohosh, blue vervain, capsicum, cascara sagrada, chamomile, damiana, dandelion, Echinacea, elecampane, fenugreek, garlic, ginger, gingo biloba, goldenseal, hawthorn, horsetail, milk thistle, red clover, red raspberry, yarrow and yellow dock root. Abortifacient: Induces the premature abortion of the fetus. Ex: pennyroyal, aloe, sandalwood and arbor vitae . Anodyne - Herbs with this property have the ability to soothe and reduce the intensity of pain. Ex: anise, chamomile, cloves, juniper, pleurisy root and rosemary. Antacid: An agent that neutralizes the acid produced by the stomach. Ex: marshmallow root and leaf, meadowsweet, hops flower, and sweet flag. Antilithic - These herbs work to prevent the formation of stones in the gall bladder and kidney, as well as helping to expell those already formed. Antilithics are similar to lithotriptics. Ex: buchu leaves, hydrangea and uva ursi leaves. Anti-spasmodic – This is an agent who prevents or relieves convulsions or spasms. Ex: Devils claw, white willow bark, feverfew, meadowsweet, arnica, licorice. Aphthae - Canker sores. Blood Purifier – These are agents that clean and remove impurities from the blood. Ex: birch, buckthorn, calendula, couch grass, dandelion, plantain and watercress Calcium phosphate - A colorless deliquescent powder, Ca (H2PO4)2, that is used in baking powders, as a plant food, as a plastic stabilizer, and in glass. Camphor - An aromatic crystalline compound obtained from the wood or leaves of the camphor tree or synthesized and used as an insect repellent and in external preparations to relieve mild pain and itching. Cardiac Stimulant: Herbs that promote circulation when there is a weak heart. Ex: Poke root, Scotch broom and Black Cohosh. Carminative – This is a drug or agent that induces the expulsion of gas from the stomach or intestines. Ex: angelica root, capsicum, caraway seeds, catnip, chamomile flowers, Echinacea, fennel, ginger, hops, lemon balm, parsley root, peppermint, and valerian. Cathartic – This is an agent for purging the bowels, especially a laxative. Ex: Cascara Sagrada, Aloe Vera, flaxseed, fenugreek, buckthorn, rhubarb, and senna. Cephalic - This term refers to diseases affecting the head and upper part of the body. Chloride of sodium - Is known as common salt, table salt, or halite, and is a chemical compound with the formula NaCl. Cholagogue – This is an agent that increases the flow of bile which aids digestion, as well as acting as a mild laxative. Ex: Aloe Vera, barberry, culver root, dandelion, goldenseal, hops, licorice, Oregon grape root and wild yam Collagen – This is the fibrous protein constituent of bone, cartilage, tendon, and other connective tissue. Cubic centimeter - A metric unit of volume equal to one thousandth of a liter. Dentition – This is the eruption through the gums of baby teeth. Digestives – These are agents which promote or aid in the digestion process. Ex: anise, capsicum, Echinacea, garlic, horseradish, mustard, papaya, safflower and sage Distilled - To exude or give off (matter) in drops or small quantities. Emetic – This is an agent that is used to induce vomiting. Ex: bayberry, boneset, buckthorn, culver, false unicorn, lobelia, mandrake, mistletoe, mustard seed, pleurisy, and rue. Estrogenic - Herbs which promote or produce estrus. Ex: Blue Cohosh, dong quai, false unicorn, fennel and licorice Glucoside – This is a glycoside, the sugar component of which is glucose. Glycerin - A sweet syrupy trihydroxy alcohol obtained by saponification of fats and oils, Glycerol. Gram – This is a metric unit of mass equal to one thousandth (10-3) of a kilogram. Macerate – This means to make soft by soaking or steeping in a liquid. Mucilaginous – A material, resembling, containing or secreting mucilage, having the properties of glue. Myotic – A condition, that causes the contraction of the pupil and diminution of ocular tension. Precipitated - To cause (a solid substance) to be separated from a solution. Refrigerant - Relieves fever and thirst. Any cooling remedy. Used to lower body temperature. Ex: Aloe, coriander, ginger, hibiscus, orange, lemon, licorice and sandalwood. Soporific - Herbs that help to produce sleep. Ex: Chamomile, hops, mandrake and St. Johns Wort. Triturate - To rub, crush, grind, or pound into fine particles or a powder; pulverize. Troy ounce - A unit of apothecary weight equal to 480 grains or one twelfth of a pound. Ulcerated - To develop an ulcer; become ulcerous. Vermicide - Herbs that kill intestinal worms. Ex: Cloves, Black walnut, Elecampane and Garlic. Vulnerary - Any form of first aid for wounds and skin abrasions. Ex: yarrow, hyssop, thyme, lemon balm, soapwort and chickweed. Quiz: 1. Herbs that work to prevent the formation of stones in the gall bladder and kidney are called ___________. 2. Diseases affecting the head and upper part of the body are called ___________. 3. To make soft by soaking or steeping in a liquid is to __________. 4. Agents that clean and remove impurities from the blood are called ________ __________. 5. Used in the wrong way, herbs can cause serious injury and even _______. 6. Herbs that have the ability to soothe and reduce the intensity of pain are called _________. 7. An Aphthae is a __________ ______. Whispering Woods Intermediate Herb Course Lesson Two - Medicated Waters Ginseng DianChect is the physician of the Tuatha De Danann, known as the Celtic pantheon. He is renowned for forging a new arm for Nuada out of silver so that he could reclaim the kingship from the half Formorian, "Bres". In time and out of jealousy, DianChect, in a fit of jealousy, killed his own son, "Miach" who along with his sister, "Airmed" replaced the silver arm with a human arm. It is said that from Miach's grave grew 365 herbs which his sister Airmed, gathered and categorized for their medical uses. In general, the term "Medicated Waters" is applied to all those aqueous liquids holding in solution the volatile oils of plants. Generally, medicated waters are obtained through one of two ways; either through "distillation" or at one time the Trituration Process, which is rarely used anymore. Trituration is where the herb material is first ground up with a mortar and pestle prior to processing. A word on the process of Trituration from the American Journal of Pharmacy Volume 56 #2, February, 1884 The process of Triturating the oil with magnesium carbonate is directed for the property possessed of reducing, mechanically, the size of the oily globules in order to present a greater surface to the solvent action of the water. The main objection to its use rests upon the fact of its appreciable solubility in distilled water and to a greater extent, when ordinary water containing in solution, as it usually does, carbonic oxide. The medicated waters thus made and holding in solution this alkaline earth salt may, when prescribed with alkaloids, their salts or certain metallic oxides, precipitate them from solution on standing and may lead to grave and serious results. To overcome this defect the substitution of paper pulp, chalk, pumice stone or charcoal has been proposed. These, however, are poor expedients and all fall through there inherent lack of the necessary power of diffusion of the oily ingredient upon trituration. There are many methods of distillation. The most popular method and the one described within this lesson is "steam" distillation. Steam distillation is done in a still. Fresh or sometimes dried, botanical material is placed in the plant chamber of the still, and pressurized steam is generated in a separate chamber and circulated through the plant material. The heat of the steam forces the tiny intercellular pockets that hold the essential oils to open and release them. The temperature of the steam must be high enough to open the pouches, yet not so high that it destroys the plants or fractures or burns the essential oils. As they are released the tiny droplets of essential oil evaporate and together with the steam molecules, travel through a tube into the still's condensation chamber.
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