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Home , Brunei, Cambodia, Maldives, Mauritius, Suriname, Tajikistan

Perspectives

Annexes

1. Composition of and sub-regions

2. Glossary

3. Statistical annex Annexes

733 UNESCO SCIENCE REPORT

Annex 1: Composition of regions and sub-regions Groupings mentioned in Chapter 1 BY INCOME LEVELS1

High-income economies and Barbuda; ; ; Bahamas; ; ; of America ; ; Darussalam; Canada; ; , SAR; China, Macao SAR; ; ; America Czech Rep.; Denmark; Equatorial ; Estonia; Finland; ; ; ; ; Chile; ; ; ; ; ; Iceland; Ireland; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Liechtenstein; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Korea, Rep. of; Russian Federation; St Kitts and Nevis; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Bahamas; Barbados; ; ; ; United States of America; Uruguay Dominican Rep.; ; ; ; St Kitts and Nevis; St Lucia; St Vincent and Grenadines; Trinidad and Tobago Upper-middle-income economies ; ; ; Argentina; ; ; Belize; ; ; Brazil; ; China; Colombia; Costa Rica; Cuba; Dominica; Dominican Rep.; Ecuador; ; ; Grenada; ; , Islamic Rep. of; Austria; Belgium; Bulgaria; Croatia; Cyprus; Czech Rep.; ; Jamaica; ; ; ; ; ; Denmark; Estonia; Finland; France; Germany; Greece; ; Marshall ; ; Mexico; ; Hungary; Ireland; Italy; Latvia; Lithuania; Luxembourg; Malta; ; Palau; Panama; Peru; ; St Lucia; St Vincent Netherlands; Poland; Portugal; Romania; Slovakia; Slovenia; and the Grenadines; ; ; South ; Spain; Sweden; United Kingdom Suriname; ; FYR Macedonia; ; ; ; ; ; Venezuela South-East Europe Albania; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Lower-middle-income economies FYR Macedonia ; ; Bolivia; Cabo Verde; ; Congo; Côte d’Ivoire; ; ; El Salvador; ; ; European Free Trade Association Guatemala; Guyana; Honduras; ; ; ; Iceland; Liechtenstein; Norway; Switzerland ; Lao PDR; ; ; ; ; ; Nicaragua; ; ; Palestine; Other Europe Papua ; Paraguay; ; , Rep. of; Belarus; Moldova, Rep. of; Russian Federation; Turkey; ; Sao Tome and Principe; ; ; South ; Sri ; Sudan; Swaziland; Syrian Arab Rep.; AFRICA Timor-Leste; Ukraine; ; ; Viet Nam; ; Sub-Saharan Africa Angola; ; Botswana; ; ; Cameroon; Cabo Verde; Central African Rep.; ; ; Congo; Côte Low-income economies d’Ivoire; Congo, Dem. Rep. of; Djibouti; ; ; ; Benin; Burkina Faso; Burundi; ; ; Gabon; Gambia; Ghana; Guinea; Guinea- ; Central African Rep.; Chad; Comoros; Korea, ; ; Lesotho; ; ; ; ; DPR; Congo, Dem. Rep. of; Eritrea; Ethiopia; Gambia; Guinea; Mauritius; ; Namibia; ; Nigeria; ; Guinea-Bissau; Haiti; Kenya; Liberia; Madagascar; Malawi; Mali; Sao Tome and Principe; Senegal; Seychelles; ; Mozambique; ; ; Niger; Rwanda; Sierra Leone; ; ; ; Swaziland; ; ; Somalia; ; Togo; Uganda; ; Tanzania; Zambia; Zimbabwe

1. Grouping by income level are based on ‘2013 gross national income (GNI) per Arab States in Africa capita’, calculated using the Bank Atlas method, as of 1 2015. Algeria; Egypt; Libya; Mauritania; Morocco; Sudan; Tunisia

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Annex 1: Composition of regions and sub-regions

ASIA OECD

Central Australia; Austria; Belgium; Canada; Chile; Czech Rep.; Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Mongolia; Tajikistan; Turkmenistan; Denmark; Estonia; Finland; France; Germany; Greece; Hungary; Uzbekistan Iceland; Ireland; Israel; Italy; Japan; Luxembourg; Mexico; Netherlands; New Zealand; Norway; Poland; Portugal; Korea, Arab States in Asia Rep. of; Slovakia; Slovenia; Spain; Sweden; Switzerland; Bahrain; Iraq; Jordan; Kuwait; Lebanon; Oman; Palestine; Qatar; Turkey; United Kingdom; United States of America Saudi Arabia; Syrian Arab Rep.; United Arab Emirates; Yemen West Asia Armenia; Azerbaijan; Georgia; Iran, Islamic Rep. of; Israel Argentina; Australia; Brazil; Canada; China; France; Germany; India; Indonesia; Italy; Japan; Korea, Rep. of; Mexico; Russian Federation; Saudi Arabia; South Africa; Turkey; United Afghanistan; Bangladesh; Bhutan; India; Maldives; Nepal; Kingdom; United States of America; European Union Pakistan;

South- Groupings mentioned elsewhere in the Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; China; China, Hong Kong SAR; report (in alphabetical order) China, Macao SAR; Korea, DPR; Indonesia; Japan; Lao PDR; Arab Union Malaysia; Myanmar; Philippines; Korea, Rep. of; Singapore; Algeria; Libya; Mauritania; Morocco; Tunisia Thailand; Timor-Leste; Viet Nam Common Market for Eastern and (COMESA) Australia; New Zealand; ; Fiji; Kiribati; Marshall Burundi; Comoros; Democratic of Congo; Djibouti; Islands; Micronesia; ; ; Palau; ; Egypt; Eritrea; Ethiopia; Kenya; Libya; Seychelles; Swaziland; Samoa; Solomon Islands; Tonga; Tuvalu; Vanuatu Madagascar; Malawi; Mauritius; Rwanda; Seychelles; Sudan; Uganda; Zambia; Zimbabwe Least developed countries2 Afghanistan; Angola; Bangladesh; Benin; Bhutan; Burkina Faso; Asia–Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Burundi; Cambodia; Central African Rep.; Chad; Comoros; Australia; Brunei Darussalam; Canada; Chile; People’s Republic Congo, Dem. Rep. of; Djibouti; Equatorial Guinea; Eritrea; of China; Hong Kong (China); Indonesia; Japan; Republic of Ethiopia; Gambia; Guinea; Guinea-Bissau; Haiti; Kiribati; Lao Korea; Malaysia; Mexico; New Zealand; Papua New Guinea; PDR; Lesotho; Liberia; Madagascar; Malawi; Mali; Mauritania; Peru; The Philippines; Russian Federation; Singapore; , Mozambique; Myanmar; Nepal; Niger; Rwanda; Sao Tome and China; Thailand; United States of America; Viet Nam Principe; Senegal; Sierra Leone; Solomon Islands; Somalia; South Sudan; Sudan; Timor-Leste; Togo; Tuvalu; Uganda; Asian Tigers (authors’ grouping in Chapter 2) Tanzania; Vanuatu; Yemen; Zambia Indonesia; Malaysia; Philippines; Republic of Korea; Singapore; Taiwan, China; Hong Kong (China); Thailand; Viet Nam Arab States Algeria; Bahrain; Egypt; Iraq; Jordan; Kuwait; Lebanon; Libya; Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Mauritania; Morocco; Oman; Palestine; Qatar; Saudi Arabia; Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; Indonesia; Lao PDR; Malaysia; Sudan; Syrian Arab Rep.; Tunisia; United Arab Emirates; Yemen Myanmar; Philippines; Singapore; Thailand; Viet Nam

Caribbean Common Market (CARICOM) Antigua and Barbuda; Bahamas; Barbados; Belize; Dominica; ; Grenada; Guyana; Haiti; Jamaica;

2. based on the standard classification of the Statistics Division, as ; Kitts and Nevis; ; Saint Vincent of May 2015: http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm and the Grenadines; Suriname; Trinidad and Tobago

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Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Italy; Latvia; Lithuania; Luxembourg; Netherlands; Norway; Afghanistan; Azerbaijan; China; Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Poland; Portugal; Romania; Slovakia; Slovenia; Spain; Turkey; Mongolia; Pakistan Tajikistan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan UK; USA

East African Community Organization of American States Burundi; Kenya; Rwanda; Tanzania; Uganda Antigua and Barbuda; Argentina; Bahamas; Barbados; Belize; Bolivia; Brazil; Canada; Chile; Colombia; Costa Rica; Cuba; Economic Community of Central African States Dominica; Dominican Republic; Ecuador; El Salvador; Grenada; Angola; Burundi; Cameroon; ; Chad; Guatemala; Guyana; Haiti; Honduras; Jamaica; Mexico; Republic of Congo; Democratic Republic of Congo; Equatorial Nicaragua; Panama; Paraguay; Peru; and Nevis; Guinea; Gabon; Sao Tomé and Principe Saint Lucia; Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; Suriname; Trinidad and Tobago; United States of America; Uruguay; Economic Community of West African States Venezuela Benin; Burkina Faso; ; Côte d’Ivoire; Gambia; Ghana; Guinea; Guinea-Bissau; Liberia; Mali; Niger; Nigeria; Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation Senegal; Sierra Leone; Togo Albania; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Bulgaria; Georgia; Greece; Moldova; Romania; Russian Federation; Serbia; Turkey; Ukraine Economic Cooperation Organization Afghanistan; Azerbaijan; Iran; Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Organization of the Islamic Conference Pakistan; Tajikistan; Turkey; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan Afghanistan; Albania; Algeria; Azerbaijan; Bahrain; Bangladesh; Benin; Brunei Darussalam; Burkina Faso; Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa Cameroon; Chad; Comoros; Côte d’Ivoire; Djibouti; Egypt; Cameroon; Central African Republic; Chad; Republic of Congo; Gabon; Gambia; Guinea; Guinea Bissau; Guyana; Indonesia; Equatorial Guinea; Gabon Iran; Iraq; Kazakhstan; Kuwait; Oman; Jordan; Kazakhstan; Lebanon; Libya; Maldives; Malaysia; Mali; Mauritania; Morocco; Mozambique; Niger; Nigeria; Palestine; Pakistan; Qatar; Saudi Armenia; Belarus; Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Arabia; Senegal; Sierra Leone; Somalia; Sudan; Suriname; Russian Federation Syrian Arab Republic; Tajikistan; Togo; Turkey; Turkmenistan; Tunisia; Uganda; United Arab Emirates; Uzbekistan; Yemen Greater Cambodia; People’s Republic of China; ’s Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe Democratic Republic; Myanmar; Thailand; Viet Nam Albania; ; Armenia; Austria; Azerbaijan; Belarus; Belgium; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Canada; Croatia; Indian Rim Association for Regional Cooperation Cyprus; ; Denmark; Estonia; Finland; France; Australia; Bangladesh; India; Indonesia; Iran; Kenya; Georgia; Germany; Greece; ; Hungary; Iceland; Madagascar; Malaysia; Mauritius, Mozambique; Oman; Ireland; Italy; Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Latvia; Liechtenstein; Singapore; South Africa; Sri Lanka; Tanzania; Thailand, United Lithuania; Luxembourg; Malta; Moldova; ; Mongolia; Arab Emirates; Yemen Montenegro; Netherlands; Norway; Poland; Portugal; Romania; Russian Federation; San Marino; Serbia; Slovakia; Intergovernmental Authority on Development Spain; Sweden; Slovenia; Switzerland; Tajikistan; Turkey; Djibouti ; Eritrea; Ethiopia; Kenya; Somalia; South Sudan; Turkmenistan; Ukraine; Uzbekistan; United Kingdom of Great Sudan; Uganda Britain and ; United States of America; Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Mercado Commún del Sur () Argentina; Brazil; Paraguay; Uruguay; Venezuela Pacific Islands Forum Australia; Cook Islands; Federated States of Micronesia; Fiji; North Atlantic Treaty Organization Kiribati; Nauru; New Zealand; Niue; Palau; Papua New Guinea; Albania; Bulgaria; Belgium; Canada; Croatia; Czech Republic; Republic of ; Samoa; Solomon Islands; Tonga; Denmark; Estonia; France; Germany; Greece; Hungary; Iceland; Tuvalu; Vanuatu

736 Annex 1: Composition of regions and sub-regions

Secretariat of the Pacific Community American Samoa ; Cook Islands; Federated States of Micronesia; Albania; Andorra; Angola; Antigua and Barbuda; Argentina; Fiji; French ; Guam; Kiribati; Marshall Islands; Nauru; Armenia; Australia; Austria; Azerbaijan; Bahrain; Bangladesh; ; Niue; Northern Mariana Islands ; Palau; Barbados; Belarus; Belgium; Belize; Benin; Bolivia; Bosnia and Papua New Guinea ; ; Samoa; Solomon Islands; Herzegovina; Botswana; Brazil; Brunei Darussalam; Bulgaria; ; Tonga ; Tuvalu; Vanuatu; Burkina Faso; Burundi; Canada; Cape Verde; Cambodia; Central African Republic; Chad; Chile; China; Colombia; Cooperation Organisation Republic of Congo; Costa Rica; Côte d’Ivoire; Croatia; Cuba; China; Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Russian Federation; Cyprus; Czech Republic; Democratic Republic of Congo; Tajikistan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan Denmark; Djibouti; Dominica; Dominican Republic; Ecuador; Egypt; El Salvador; Estonia; Fiji; Finland; France; Gabon; ; Georgia; Germany; Ghana; Greece; Grenada; South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation Guatemala; Guinea; Guinea-Bissau; Haiti; Honduras; Hong Afghanistan; Bangladesh; Bhutan; India; Maldives; Nepal; Kong, China; Holy See; Hungary; Iceland; India; Ireland; Israel; Pakistan; Sri Lanka Italy; Jamaica; Japan; Jordan; Kazakhstan; Kenya; Republic of Korea; Kuwait; Kyrgyzstan; Lao People’s Democratic Republic; Southern African Development Community Latvia; Lesotho; Liechtenstein; Lithuania; Luxembourg; Angola; Botswana; Democratic ; Macao, China; Madagascar; Malawi; Malaysia; Maldives; Malta; Lesotho; Madagascar; Malawi; Mauritius; Mozambique; Mauritania; Mauritius; Mexico; Moldova; Monaco; Mongolia; Namibia; Seychelles; South Africa; Swaziland; United Republic Montenegro; Morocco; Mozambique; Myanmar; Namibia; of Tanzania; Zambia; Zimbabwe Nepal; Netherlands; New Zealand; Nicaragua; Niger; Nigeria; Norway; Oman; Pakistan; Panama; Papua New Guinea; Union of South American Nations Paraguay; Peru; Philippines; Poland; Portugal; Qatar; Romania; Argentina; Bolivia; Brazil; Chile; Colombia; Ecuador; Russian Federation; Rwanda; ; Saint Lucia; Guyana; Paraguay; Peru; Suriname; Uruguay; Venezuela Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; Samoa; San Marino; Saudi Arabia; Senegal; Sierra Leone; Singapore; Serbia; Slovakia; Slovenia; Solomon Islands; South Africa; Spain; Sri Lanka; West African Economic and Monetary Union Suriname; Swaziland; Sweden; Switzerland; Taiwan, China; Benin; Burkina Faso; Côte d’Ivoire; Guinea-Bissau; Mali; Niger; Tajikistan; United Republic of Tanzania; Thailand; Togo; Senegal; Togo Tonga; Trinidad and Tobago; Tunisia; Turkey; Turkmenistan; Uganda; Ukraine; United Arab Emirates; United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; United States of America; ; Uruguay; Uzbekistan; Vanuatu; Venezuela; Viet Nam; Yemen; Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; Zambia; Zimbabwe

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