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NSB-09-55, Building a Sustainable Energy Future: U.S. Action for An Building a Sustainable Energy Future: U.S. Actions for an Effective Energy Economy Transformation National Science Board Science National NSB-09-55 August 3, 2009 Cover Design by James J. Caras, Design and Publishing Section, Information Dissemination Branch, National Science Foundation NSB-09-55 Building a Sustainable Energy Future: U.S. Actions for an Effective Energy Economy Transformation August 3, 2009 National Science Board Members Steven C. Beering, Chairman, President Emeritus, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana Patricia D. Galloway, Vice Chairman, Chief Executive Officer, Pegasus Global Holdings, Inc., Cle Elum, Washington Mark R. Abbott, Dean and Professor, College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences Oregon State University, Corvallis Dan E. Arvizu, Director and Chief Executive, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, Colorado Barry C. Barish,* Director, Global Design Effort for International Linear Collider, Linde Professor of Physics, Emeritus, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena Camilla P. Benbow, Patricia and Rodes Hart Dean of Education and Human Development, Peabody College of Education and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee Ray M. Bowen, President Emeritus, Texas A&M University, College Station John T. Bruer, President, The James S. McDonnell Foundation, Saint Louis, Missouri G. Wayne Clough, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC France A. Córdova, President, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana Kelvin K. Droegemeier, Associate Vice President for Research, Regents’ Professor of Meteorology and Weathernews Chair, University of Oklahoma, Norman José-Marie Griffiths, Dean and Professor, School of Information and Library Science, Director of Biomedical Informatics, TraCS Institute, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Esin Gulari, Dean of Engineering and Science, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina Elizabeth Hoffman,* Executive Vice President and Provost, Iowa State University, Ames Louis J. Lanzerotti, Distinguished Research Professor of Physics, Center for Solar Terrestrial Research, Department of Physics, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark Alan I. Leshner, Chief Executive Officer, Executive Publisher, Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Washington, DC G.P. “Bud” Peterson, President, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta Douglas D. Randall, Professor and Thomas Jefferson Fellow, University of Missouri, Columbia Arthur K. Reilly, Senior Director, Strategic Technology Policy, Cisco Systems, Inc., Ocean, New Jersey Diane L. Souvaine, Professor and Chair, Department of Computer Science, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts Jon C. Strauss, Interim Dean, Edward E. Whitacre Jr. College of Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock Kathryn D. Sullivan, Director, Battelle Center for Mathematics and Science Education Policy, John Glenn School of Public Affairs, Ohio State University, Columbus Thomas N. Taylor, Roy A. Roberts Distinguished Professor, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Curator of Paleobotany in the Natural History Museum and Biodiversity Research Center, The University of Kansas, Lawrence Richard F. Thompson, Keck Professor of Psychology and Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles Member ex officio: Arden L. Bement, Jr., Director, National Science Foundation, Arlington, Virginia ******* Craig R. Robinson, Acting Executive Officer, National Science Board and National Science Board Office Director, Arlington, Virginia Task Force on Sustainable Energy, Committee on Programs and Plans Dan E. Arvizu, Co-Chairman John T. Bruer Arthur K. Reilly Jon C. Strauss, Co-Chairman José-Marie Griffiths Steven C. Beering, ex officio Mark R. Abbott Elizabeth Hoffman* Patricia D. Galloway, ex officio Camilla P. Benbow Douglas D. Randall Arden L. Bement, Jr., ex officio Tami Tamashiro, Executive Secretary * Board Consultant Contents Memorandum ..................................................................................................................................v Acknowledgments ...........................................................................................................................vi Executive Summary ..........................................................................................................................1 Introduction .....................................................................................................................................3 Key Findings ....................................................................................................................................6 Recommendations to the U.S. Government .....................................................................................9 Guidance for the National Science Foundation ..............................................................................14 Conclusion .....................................................................................................................................16 Endnotes ........................................................................................................................................17 Appendix A: History and Context of Sustainable Energy ...............................................................21 Appendix B: Charge to the Task Force on Sustainable Energy .......................................................43 Appendix C: Roundtable Discussion 1—February 8, 2008 ...........................................................47 Appendix D: Roundtable Discussion 2—June 19, 2008 ................................................................51 Appendix E: Roundtable Discussion 3—September 4, 2008 .........................................................55 Bibliography and Other Related Sources ........................................................................................59 [Blank Page] August 3, 2009 MEMORANDUM FROM THE CHAIRMAN OF THE NATIONAL SCIENCE BOARD SUBJECT: Building a Sustainable Energy Future: U.S. Actions for an Effective Energy Economy Transformation The United States is facing a critical challenge to its future prosperity, environmental well-being, and national security rooted in its current dependence on fossil fuel for energy. The National Science Board (Board) is pleased to present its recommendations for national actions to fundamentally transform our current fossil fuel energy economy to a sustainable energy economy. The Board initiated a study in October 2007 to examine current activities in sustainable energy and the science and engineering challenges related to the development of sustainable energy. The study, lead by the Board’s Task Force on Sustainable Energy, includes recommendations for a nationally coordinated science and engineering research and education initiative, including explicit guidance on the role of the National Science Foundation. The Board’s report draws on the findings from three public roundtable discussions held in Washington, DC; Golden, Colorado; and Berkeley, California, which were organized by the Task Force in 2008 to receive insight from energy stakeholders throughout the country. Transformation of our current fossil fuel economy to a sustainable energy economy requires national leadership and coordination; a new U.S. energy policy framework; and robust support for sustainable energy research, development, demonstration, deployment, and education. The scope and urgency of the sustainable energy challenge requires immediate and broad-based U.S. and global commitment. Such a transformation will promote economic prosperity, national security, and stewardship for continued vitality of the environment. It is time to join together with resolve and determination to build a successful energy future. Steven C. Beering Chairman National Science Board National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard Arlington, Virginia 22230 (703) 292-7000 http://www.nsf.gov/nsb email: [email protected] Building a Sustainable Energy Future: U.S. Action for an Effective Energy Economy Transformation Acknowledgments The National Science Board appreciates the numerous individuals and organizations who contributed to the work of the Board’s Task Force on Sustainable Energy. Lists of distinguished participants and speakers involved in roundtable discussions with the Task Force are provided in Appendixes C through E. We are particularly grateful for the hospitality and efforts with the Board-sponsored roundtable discussions from staff members at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and at the University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley). We offer special thanks to David Glickson and Ivilina Thornton at NREL; and to David Trinkle, Mary Barnum, and Natalie Lui at UC Berkeley. We are especially indebted for contributions and expertise from Douglas Arent, Robert Noun, and Don Gwinner at NREL; and National Science Foundation staff members Robert O’Connor, Division of Social and Economic Sciences; Trung Van Nguyen, Energy for Sustainability Program; and Lisa-Joy Zgorski, Office of Legislative and Public Affairs. The National Science Board Office provided essential support to the work of the Task Force. Especially deserving of recognition are: Tami Tamashiro as Executive Secretary of the Task Force, for her thoughtful and diligent work throughout the duration of this project; Jennie Moehlmann and Jean Pomeroy, for policy oversight and guidance; Pamela McKinley, for managerial support of roundtable discussions;
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