Mato Grosso , Brazil

Jurisdictional indicators brief

State area: 903,378 km² (10.61% of Brazil) Original forest area: 520,033 km² Current forest area (2019): 314,770 km² (34.8% of Mato Grosso) Yearly deforestation (2019) 1,702 km² Yearly deforestation rate (2019) 0.54% Interannual deforestation change +14% (2018-2019) Accumulated deforestation (2001-2019): 69,082 km² Protected conservation areas: 40,464 km² (4.5% of Mato Grosso) Carbon stocks (2015): 3,095 millions tons (above ground biomass) Representative crops (2018): Soybean (31,608,562 tons); Maize (26,172,540 tons); Sugarcane (20,433,828 tons) Value of agricultural production (2016): $7,989,997,431 USD More on jurisdictional sustainability State of jurisdictional sustainability

Forest and people In 2019, the estimated area of tropical forest in the state of Mato Grosso was 314,770 km2, equivalent to 34.8% of the state’s total area, and to 9.9% of the tropical forest remaining in the nine states of the Brazilian legal Amazon. The total accumulated forest lost during the period 2001-2019 was 69,082 km2, equivalent to 17.6% of the forest area remaining in 2001. Mato Grosso concentrated about 8.3% of the carbon reserves stored in the biomass of the Brazilian tropical forest (about 3,095 mt C as of 2019). a DRAFTb 100% 34.8% of the state is covered with forest 80%

60%

9.9% of Brazilian tropical forest area 40% 34.8% 20%

8.3% of Brazilian tropical forest carbon stock 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2001 2019 No forest (%) Deforestation (%) Forest (%) Figure 1: a) forest share and b) transition of forest to deforestation over the last years

There were 3.5 million people living in Mato Grosso as of 2020, distributed in 19 municipalities, with 0.6 million people living in the capital city of Cuiabá. The state has formally designated conservation areas and indigenous territories, which respectively represent 4% and 16% of the state. There were an estimated 43,226 indigenous people living in the state in 2010 (see Figure 2).

http://earthinnovation.org BR-MT-1 Report created July 15, 2020 Figure 2: Map of most populated places (> 40,000 people) and indigenous and protected areas in Mato Grosso Deforestation Mato Grosso reduced its yearly deforestation rate rapidly after the maximum of 2004 (11,814 km2). Deforestation decreased rapidly till 2012 when it reached 757 km2 and has remained more or less stable after 2015 with an average yearly deforestation of 1,568.6km2. The deforestation in the state of Mato Grosso in 2019 was 1,702 km2. While deforestation in the Brazilian legal Amazon in 2019 saw the largest interannual increase in the last decade (34%), the deforestation in Mato Grosso increased at a slower rate (14%). Mato Grosso continued having the second largest deforestation area among Brazilian states and concentrating 17% of the total deforestation in the legal Amazon in 2019. The deforestation rate in the state in 2019 was 0.54%, larger than the average of the legal Amazon states in 2019 (0.43%). The analysis of deforestation in Cerrado (2018), which represents 28% of the state area (see Figure 3). The state’s current deforestation is 78% belowDRAFT the reference baseline 1996-2005, and 64% below the reference baseline 1996-2015. 39% of the deforestation is located in the top 5 most affected municipalities in the state (see Figure 4). The municipality of Colniza have consistently registered the largest loss of tropical forest, reaching a maximum of 566 km2 in 2004. In 2019 the municipality of Colniza continued being the municipality with the largest yearly deforestation.

http://earthinnovation.org BR-MT-2 Report created July 15, 2020 15000 4,393

10,405 10000

value 6,963

5000 958 2,678 1,027 531 1,601 1,702 1,120

97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 1996 2019

Cerrado deforestation Amazon deforestation Average 3−year deforestation Deforestation baseline Figure 3: Yearly deforestation (푘푚2) and deforestation baseline

a b 2020 198

2015

2010 Year

2005 DRAFT 566

2000

Sinop Juara Cláudia Apiacás Colniza Paranaíta Aripuanã União do Sul Marcelândia

Nova Bandeirantes 2 2 Km Km 100 200 300 400 500 0 50 100 150 Figure 4: a) Yearly deforestation by municipalities in 2019 b) Yearly deforestation in top 10 most affected municipalities (푘푚2)

http://earthinnovation.org BR-MT-3 Report created July 15, 2020 Table 1: Forest and deforestation indicators in the state of Mato Grosso Year Forest (km2) Deforestation Deforestation rate (%) Annual variation (%) 2001 381,786 7,703 2.02 20.9 2002 374,638 7,892 2.11 2.5 2003 364,731 10,405 2.85 31.8 2004 353,926 11,814 3.34 13.5 2005 343,579 7,145 2.08 -39.5 2006 335,056 4,333 1.29 -39.4 2007 332,464 2,678 0.81 -38.2 2008 329,883 3,258 0.99 21.7 2009 326,434 1,049 0.32 -67.8 2010 325,605 871 0.27 -17 2011 324,824 1,120 0.35 28.6 2012 323,757 757 0.23 -32.4 2013 322,962 1,139 0.35 50.5 2014 321,856 1,075 0.33 -5.6 2015 320,751 1,601 0.50 48.9 2016 319,259 1,489 DRAFT0.47 -7 2017 317,876 1,561 0.49 4.8 2018 316,261 1,490 0.47 -4.5 2019 314,770 1,702 0.54 14.2

http://earthinnovation.org BR-MT-4 Report created July 15, 2020 DRAFT

http://earthinnovation.org BR-MT-5 Report created July 15, 2020 Burned area According to the NASA-USGS analysis of MODIS satellite observations, the average yearly burned area in Mato Grosso was 38,623 km2 for the period 2010-2020. This figure includes burned areas due to firesin forest, savannahs and opened agricultural areas. The burned area in 2019 was 47,486 km2 and the worst year in the last decade was 2010 with 100,690 km2 burned. In most years, the months of September and August represented the peak of the fire season (see Figure 5).

12 1,975 506 204 553 291 988 281 183 428 542

11 1,253 1,447 830 1,857 606 2,278 887 829 354 1,272

10 8,528 1,232 2,519 2,456 6,075 6,180 3,460 4,037 941 2,619

9 48,275 12,085 18,136 8,595 8,771 15,275 10,906 28,907 9,101 20,584

8 25,478 4,551 11,813 6,031 9,402 6,902 11,766 7,268 4,036 12,047

7 6,380 1,064 1,791 1,347 1,982 1,658 4,457 1,953 1,173 2,326

Month 6 2,320 769 877 827 1,573 1,238 956 1,215 1,009 1,739

5 1,963 599 855 824 1,097 790 1,005 929 1,023 1,491

4 902 349 293 214 412 194 933 292 251 279

3 1,315 779 605 1,018 1,068 1,212 1,973 994 1,319 832 1,705

2 1,494 58 678 1,284 599 1,559 2,473 953 2,260 1,167 2,410

1 810 370 786 109 117 722 1,067 616 613 2,588 2,412

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Year 100,690 DRAFT 90,000

2 60,000

m 47,486 K 30,000 22,507 0

12 14 16 18 2010 2019 year Figure 5: Monthly burned area since 2010 (km2). Source: EII analysis of MODIS-MCD64

http://earthinnovation.org BR-MT-6 Report created July 15, 2020 Emissions from deforestation The accumulated emissions from deforestation in the state of Mato Grosso between 2000 and 2019 amount to 3,235 million tons of CO2eq, which was equivalent to 25.1% of the total emissions from deforestation in the legal Amazon during this period. Considering the observed yearly deforestation, the mean carbon density of the state’s forest and the business as usual deforestation baseline, the accumulated gross avoided emissions from deforestation during the period from 2006 to 2019 was 3,018 million tons of CO2eq. This results from summing avoided emissions during the period from 2006 to 2019 in which the deforestation was lower than the business as usual deforestation baseline.

a 456.92 b 323.15

300 400

223.68 300 200

200 127.89

100 Emissions CO2eq (Millions tons) 100

83.01 emissions CO2 (Millions tons) Avoided

43.36 34.32

0 0

02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 08 10 12 14 16 18 2000 2019 2006 2019

Figure 6: Emissions from deforestation (left) and avoided emissions (right) (CO2eq Millions tons) DRAFT

http://earthinnovation.org BR-MT-7 Report created July 15, 2020 Livestock

Table 2: Livestock indicators in Mato Grosso

Cattle Pig Poultry Fish Year 2018 2018 2018 2015 Herd size: 30,199,598 2,945,416 60,394,411 Slaughtered heads: 5,219,350 2,497,715 215,717,180 Meat production 1,393,786 224,400 522,938 (tons): Value (thousands): R$379,284 BRL

28.4 30.2 24.61 26.02

Heads (Millions) 10

0 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 2018 Yearly cattle herd size in the state of Mato Grosso (2000−2018) 1445.1 1393.8 6 1,500 DRAFT Meat production (thousand tons) 924.9 4 1,000

645.2 5.84 5.22 2 3.82 500 2.76 Slaughtered head (millions)

0 0

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 2000 2018 Yearly cattle meat output in terms of slaughtered heads and meat production (thousand tons) in the state of Mato Grosso (2000−2018) Meat production (thousand tons) Slaughtered head (millions)

http://earthinnovation.org BR-MT-8 Report created July 15, 2020 Agriculture

Soybean 10,000 9,43831.61 8,614 30 26.28 7,500 6,107 5,831 17.96 20 5,000 15.28

3,121 9.53 10 2,500

0 0

Maize

10,000 Crop production (Millions tons) 30 26.17 7,500

20 5,000 15.34 4,417 3,331 8.18 10 2,500 6.13 1,663 1,044 1.74 536 0 0 Harvested area (Thousand hectares) Sugarcane 10,000 30

7,500 20.43 19.21 20 16.21 5,000 15.00 11.12 DRAFT 10 2,500

167 206 213 276 284 0 0

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 2000 2018

Crop production (Millions tons) Harvested area (Thousand hectares) Figure 7: Harvested area and production of the three crops most produced in Mato Grosso

http://earthinnovation.org BR-MT-9 Report created July 15, 2020 Aquaculture The plot shows the aquaculture production in the state of Mato Grosso over the last 6 years and the value of this production. The data includes production of fish such as Skunk catfish, Tiger shovelnose catfish, Tambaqui or Tilapia and includes only activities related with fish farming under controlled conditions. Does not include fishing activities.1

392 400 Value (million $R) in local prices 60,000 300

221 40,000 75,630 200 Production (Tons) 20,000 33,975 100

0 0

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Production (Tons) Value in local prices (million $R) Figure 8: Yearly aquaculture production (tons) and value of production (Reales) in Mato Grosso a b 2018 455 462 506 656 2,5611,0751,711 951 8,881 6,177

96 420 766 697 3,2511,365 685 870 8,465 6,488

2016 478 417 727 780 923 2,135 2,7081,413 7,916 7,387 Year DRAFT 169 435 679 1,396 691 1,584 2,901 4,572 5,68110,680 2014 165 42 704 1,651 455 1,4592,442 7,331 2,53421,000

27 144 2,9681,717 28 1,0332,415 3,11214,08321,524

Sorriso Paranaíta Canarana Juscimeira Alto Paraguai Campo Verde Várzea Grande

Serra Nova Dourada Lucas do Rio Verde

Nossa Senhora do Livramento Tons Tons 5000100001500020000 2000 4000 6000 8000 Figure 9: a) Yearly aquaculture production (tons) in municipalities of Mato Grosso in 2018. b) Yearly aquaculture production by municipalities (Tons)

1The value of production don’t include the class Shellfish seeds, Shrimp, Shrimp larvae and post-larvae, Oysters, scallops and mussels, Other products (frog, alligator, crab, lobster, etc.) and Alevinos. http://earthinnovation.org BR-MT-10 Report created July 15, 2020