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The Levantines: Commerce & Diplomacy THE LEVANTINES: COMMERCE & DIPLOMACY The Levantine Heritage Foundation 1st International Conference | Istanbul | 3-5.11.2014 PROGRAMME & PARTICIPANT INFORMATION The Levantine Heritage Foundation www.levantineheritagefoundation.org Follow us at #LevantineHF Cover image Credit: George Galdies Layout Kalliopi Amygdalou Printed by Net Copy Center, Istanbul This publication was made pos- sible with funds by Karavan Travel Turkey www.karavanturkey.com 2 Contents Welcome Note by the Chairman of 5 the LHF Organizers 7 Practical Information 11 Venues and Maps 12 Programme 17 Abstracts & Speakers’ Biographies 23 City Tours 48 Side Events 49 3 4 Welcome to the from troubled parts of Europe. Others came as diplomats and ship- First International ping agents, bridging the interfaces LHF Conference in between the major trading nations of the world and the cities of the Istanbul Levant. Our research is on every aspect of their culture, includ- ing genealogy, cuisine, architec- ture, economic history and gen-eral culture. Cities were the great epicentres of Levantine life and business – Salonica, Alexandria, Beirut, Jaffa, Aleppo, Smyrna and Constantinople, as they were called then. And so it is very fitting that Welcome to the first academic this first conference takes place in conference organised by the Le- modern Istanbul, the historic hub of vantine Heritage Foundation. The them all. programme for “The Levantines: Commerce and Diplomacy” is very The LHF carries out its charita-ble diverse and I hope that both speak- mission by bringing together ers and delegates will have a academics, both professional and stimu-lating three days. amateur, to share their research on these historic communities and As this is the Levantine Heritage to make it accessible. Indeed, the Foundation’s first major public LHF was founded on the back of the event, let me outline what the we success of the remarkable collection are aiming to achieve. The Levan- of Levantine family testimonials put tine Heritage Foundation (LHF) is a together by our Charity Secretary, charity set up in the UK in 2010 Craig Encer, and preserved on the with the aims of promoting educa- website www.levantineheritage. com. tion and research on the history and We are most grateful to Craig for his cultural heritage of the Levan-tine huge contribution. communities, preserving that heritage and making it accessible The LHF’s ambition is to build on for future generations worldwide. that founding archive of material. We plan to collaborate with aca- So who were the Levantines? The demic partners in Turkey and else- Levantines were people, some of where to discover more information Western European origin, whose on the Levantines and their contri- long-term domicile was in the Eastern butions to historic economies and Mediterranean within the former societies. We intend to build an boundaries of the Ottoman Empire. online digital library of material that Many came to the Levant to seek preserves this research for public their livelihoods in various ways, as benefit. Where physical documents traders, builders, farmers, miners and objects need safe storage, we and even as soldiers and government plan to acquire collections and find officials of the Ottoman them a permanent home with an Empire. Some came as refugees institution that researchers and the 5 public can access. And we will continue to organise events where research can be shared and dis- cussed, and where the people who enable our mission can meet and discover new collaboration opportu-nities and friendships. None of this would be possible without the supporters of the LHF. I have been struck by the great inter- est and generosity of our sponsors and donors. Our major supporters are listed in this programme and I wish to thank them wholeheart-edly here and to encourage you to take note of them. There are also many individual members who have made donations of time, money and The English materials in support of our mission Chaplaincy and whom I would like to thank Istanbul as well. I am deeply grateful for all our supporters’ generosity and hope that we can honour them by succeeding in our ambitions to grow the Levantine Heritage Foundation into a charitable organisation that makes a significant contribution to education and research. I would also like to thank our hosts, the British Consulate-General and the Istituto Italiano di Cultura di Istanbul, who have provided their splendid facilities and the support of their teams for this conference. I hope you enjoy the conference and I look forward to meeting as many of you as possible. Quentin Compton-Bishop Chairman The Levantine Heritage Foundation 6 Organizers region. This led him to become one of the founding Trustees and the first Chairman of the Levantine Her-itage Foundation with its charitable mission to promote education and research in the history and cultural heritage of the Levant and to sup-port its preservation for the benefit of future generations. Craig Encer lived and worked in Turkey most of his life and in doing so was often reminded of the ves- tiges of the rich multicultural past, evident in diverse aspects of life LHF Board there, from architecture to cuisine, Quentin Compton-Bishop to stories told to him by old people (Chair-man) in the back-streets of Beyoglu. Of- Craig Encer (Secretary) ficial history, as in most countries, Philip Mansel (Trustee) has always ignored that mixture to Jonathan Beard (Trustee) provide a nation-based narrative George Galdies (Trustee) that led to widespread misconcep- Axel Çorlu (Trustee) tions of the contributions of mi- Osman Öndeş (Trustee) norities, not least the Levantines. Kalliopi Amygdalou (Trustee) This desire by Craig to go deeper into the stories of the past led to a Local Organizing Committee personal research that stretched Jonathan Beard (Trustee) from local libraries to cemeter-ies, to Zeynep Cebeci Suvari chatty descendants and the then Emin Saatçı often overlooked academic Osman Öndeş (Trustee) researchers, over the late 1990s. Kalliopi Amygdalou (Trustee) The website was born initially in Nuri Çolakoğlu 2004, merely to share the findings on Levantines, possibly the most Web design & Digital Archive misunderstood of the minorities of Craig Encer (Trustee) the Levant. As this website created slowly but surely its own followers, Quentin Compton-Bishop is a who subsequently became con- former diplomat, Middle East tributors, the wheel of creating an specialist, entrepreneur and now CEO accessible database for reference of Warwick Ventures, which and inspiration began to turn. With commercialises research from the the encouragement of friends, the University of Warwick. Researching idea of bringing together contribu- his Levantine family background, tors, academics, community mem- which includes Izmir and Beirut, led bers and the general public grew, him to the Levantine Heritage inter- and the first Symposium took place est group and its many dedicated in Izmir, in November 2010. Craig is academic and amateur researchers, currently the secretary of the Le- and into the history of the Levant vantine Heritage Foundation. He 7 still updates the website through He is currently researching “The liaising with contributors and is impact of Levantines on happy to be contacted on all as- Liquorice root, cotton and pects of this on-going work. tobacco trade.” Jonathan Beard lives in Istanbul and London. Dr Philip Mansel FRHS is a historian of France and the Middle George Galdies worked in Brit-ish East, particularly interested in the Government Service as British Vice- Levant. His books include Sultans in Consul in Turkey, which he left in Splendour: Monarchs of the Middle 1974 to take up commercial posi- East 1869-1945, Constantinople: tions with international companies, city of the World’s Desire (1995), making fuller use of his typically Le- Paris between Empires (2001) and vantine linguistic and interpersonal Levant: Splendour and Catastrophe skills. He semi-retired in 2001 and on the Mediterranean (2010), the continued being active world-wide, first history in English of Smyrna, having founded his own company. In Alexandria and Beirut in the mod-ern 2008 he initiated an international age. Its themes include coexist-ence gathering of Levantines, which between Muslims, Christians and led to the Levantine Symposium of Jews; relations between the Ottoman Izmir in October 2010. Fired by this Empire and the powers success he promoted the idea of of Europe; and the political im- writing a Lexicon of Smyrna’s portance of cities. He has lived in Vocabulary. Work started in 2010 in Paris, Istanbul and Beirut, lectures in collaboration with Alex Baltazzi and the UK and abroad and is cur-rently George Poulimenos, whom he had writing a life of Louis XIV and a met during the Symposium. history of Aleppo. In 2012 he won A Lexicon of Smyrneika was pub- the London Library Life in Literature lished in June 2012 with academic award. He is a Fellow of the Institute endorsements. The book reflects the of Historical Research, London, and a multi-cultural facetted life in Smyrna founding trustee of the Levantine up to the mid- 20th cen-tury. He is a Heritage Foundation. For further keen contributor to the forum which information see www. emerged from what is now the philipmansel.com ‘www.levantineheritage. com’ website. George is one of the original Jonathan Beard was born in Bei- founders of the London-based rut, Lebanon, of a Levantine Levantine informal group who meet family of British extraction. He and dine regularly, and which led to received his education in England the formation of The Levantine and Swit-zerland where he Heritage Foundation. developed his love for winter sports and moun-taineering . After university he joined the Ca- Born in Izmir, Turkey, to a Levantine toni group, a shipping and trading (Italian/Greek/French/Armenian) enterprise. He was elected to the family, Dr.
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