CONCORDIA THEOLOGICAL MONTHLY

Muck Which the Lord Uses MARCUS WAGNER

The Door No Man Can Shut E. J. FRIEDRICH

The New English Bible FREDERICK W. DANKER

Rudolf Bultmann and the Sacrament of Holy JOHN H. ELLIOTT

Homiletics

Theological Observer

Book Review

VOL. XXXII June 1961 No.6

ARCHIVE BOOK REVIEW

All books reviewed in this periodical may be procured from or through Concordia Pub­ lishing House, 3558 South Jefferson Avenue, St. Louis 18, Missouri.

MEDIEVAL FEUDALISM. By Carl Stephen­ is unwilling to characterize Ignatius as a son. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, x + Gnostic simply because he uses Gnostic 116 pages. Paper. $1.25. terms. She allows for environmental factors, but these do not control her interpretation THE RISE OF UNIVERSITIES. By Charles of the documents. Homer Haskins. Ithaca: Cornell Univer­ sity Press, 1959. xi + 107 pages. Paper. With Richardson and many others, she $1.25. takes the position that Ignatius is combatting two distinct heresies rather than one. She THE ART OF WAR IN THE MIDDLE attempts to identify the Judaistic group with AGES. By C. 'Y,\!. C. Oman. Ithaca: Cor­ migrants from the disrupted Qumran com­ nell University Press, 1960. xviii + 176 munity. She admits that their Christology, as pages. Paper. $1.75. Ignatius presents it, is not clear, and then These are inexpensive reprints of standard proceeds to make Christological differences works on the Middle Ages. Medieval FeN­ the fundamental reason for maintaining the dalism was first published in 1942, The Rise existence of two groups. This reviewer finds 0/ Universities in 1923, The Art 0/ War in her view here difficult to accept. She does not the Middle Ages in 1885. They are meant mention the study by Einar Molland (foNmal especially for the student and provide excel­ 0/ Ecclesiastical History, 1954, pp. 1-6), collateral reading. Each volume contains where the position that there was only one extensive bibliographical materials. heresy is defended. The bibliography on \'\!AL TER W. OETTING Ignatius and related subjects is helpful. W. W. OETTING ST. IGNATIUS AND IN ANTIOCH. By Virginia Corwin. New BUDDHISM: ITS ESSENCE AND DEVEL- Haven: Yale University Press, 1960. xiv OPMENT. By Edward Conze. New York: and 293 pages. Cloth. $5.00. Harper & Brothers, 1959. 183 pages. Virginia Corwin is chairman of the De­ Paper. $1.35. partment of Religion at Smith College. This It is gratifying to have readily accessible is the first volume of the projected series of in paperback what is still the standard among Yale PNblications in Religion with David recent comprehensive one-volume works on Horne as editor. Buddhism. One notes again Conze's useful What makes Professor Corwin's study dif­ habit of correlating the Buddhist and Chris­ ferent from others (especially Cyril Richard­ tian thought worlds, notably in the area of son's The Christianity 0/ IgnatiNS 0/ mysticism. A table on the main dates of Antioch) is that she is quite conscious of Buddhist history and a brief bibliography the environmental factors involved. She is are valuable features. very careful and precise here, however, and WILLIAM J. DANKER 372 BOOK REVIEW 373

GESAMMELTE STUDIEN ZUR THEO­ communication in Luther and in Thomas LOGIE LUTHERS UND DER REFOR­ Erastus" (1955); "The Significance, the MATION. By Rudolf Hermann. Gottin­ Impotence and the Persistence of the Law gen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1960. in Luther's Anti-Antinomian Theses" 500 pages. Cloth. DM 32.00. (1958); "The Significance of 'Assent' in Hermann, a disciple of Carl Stange, is Evangelical Theology" (1959). professor of systematic theology at Berlin ARTHUR CARL PIEPKORN and a leader of long standing in German MODERN SCIENCE IN THE CHRISTIAN Luther research. Scholars owe a cordial vote LIFE. By John W. Klotz. St. Louis: Con­ of thanks to the septuagenarian author's cordia Publishing House, c. 1961. Paper. Gottingen friends who encouraged him to 190 pages. $1.75. collect and publish, in substantially unre­ This volume strives to overcome any cult vised form, these essays and articles, pro­ of antiscientism in the church by discussing duced over three and a half decades and the God-given blessings derived through scattered over 15 (often inaccessible) serials science and by facing problems raised by and Festschriften. Some have achieved con­ science. Although the first part of the book siderable fame; all treat aspects of Luther at times sounds as if the author had forgotten and the with learning and in­ that many of these blessings derived from sight. It will sl.~ __ ':e briefly to list the science are largely confined to a portion of titles: "The Relation of and Western civilization and are not even un­ Prayer in Luther's Exposition of Romans 3" mixed blessings here, the last chapter offers (1925-26); "The Reformation's Under­ a brief moral-Biblical discussion of some standing of Freedom of the Will and Good problems raised by population explosion, Works" (1928); "Luther's Teaching on automation, etc. It is conceivable that some Justification" (1929); "A Theological Eval­ readers may construe these paragraphs as uation of the " (1930); rather easy solutions to complex problems. "Questions from the History of Christian This is an ever-present danger in all such Ethics in the Light of Luther's Ethical religious analyses. Thought" (1933); "Luther's Basic Theo­ Klotz admits that the "theory of evolution" logical Concern" (1933); "Luther's View is widely accepted and that Christians should of Faith in Providence and in Salvation" not ignore or deny the strong evidences for (1939); "Basic Elements of Luther's Theol­ evolution. Nor should they impugn the hon­ ogy" (1940); "Luther's 'Circular Disputa­ esty or integrity of scientists who accept tion' on St. Matthew 19,21" (1941); "Justi­ evolution. "We disagree, however," says the fication in the Lutheran Symbols" (1941); author, with these conclusions, and then he "Joseph Lortz's Theses on 'The Reforma­ summarizes the detailed argumentation tion'" (1942); "Judgment as Proclaimed by against evolution found in his other writings. the Reformation in Relation to the Problems There are some helpful observations by of Our Times" (1946); "Luther's Historical the author along the way. Thus he holds and Theological Significance as a Contempo­ that it is not reasonable to believe that God rary Concern" (1946 ); "The Evangelical put fossils in the rocks in the beginning Concept of the Church" (1950/1952); "The (p. 96), that the Bible does not teach fixity Central Core of Luther's Reformation Mes­ of species (p. 97), and that the Flood does sage" (1947); "Luther's Doctrine of Sin not solve the questions raised by the geologi­ and Justification" (1952); "The Figure of cal record (p. 108). Klotz briefly (pp. 11 0 Samson in Luther's Exegesis" (1952); "Ex- to 116), analyzes interpretations of Gen. 1-3 374 BOOK REVIEW

designed to reconcile Scripture and geology. In any case Klotz's latest work ought to He concludes that the "days" were ordinary receive unbiased study and discussion also days, that Genesis is a book of history, that by scientists among our church's as well the creation account is not an accommoda­ as by her professional and lay theologians. tion to human thinking, that "the Bible The book is a serious attempt to confront throughout seems to teach a young earth a real problem and remedy some bad situa­ rather than an old earth," and that "the tions in the church. whole tenor of Scripture seems to rule out HENRY W. REIMANN an age of millions and billions of years" (p.1l6). DOSTOJEWSKI-BIOGRAPHlE: MATERI­ ALSAMMLUNG ZUR BESCHAFTI­ Certainly this little book will be wel­ GUNG MIT RELIGIOSEN UND THE­ comed by many of those who are concerned OLOGISCHEN FRAGEN IN DER about the spread of antiscientific attitudes DICHTUNG F. M. DOSTOJEWSKIS. today. His Chapter vii (pp.135-151) is By Konrad Onasch. Zurich: EVZ Verlag, a pointed discussion of anti-intellectualism 1960. 147 pages and 16 full-page plates. as this affects not only the church but our Cloth. DM 15.80. whole society. Klotz pleads rather persua­ sively for freedom of research. The rather long subtitle of this biography accurately describes the book. It has been Some will undoubtedly feel that Klotz's carefully compiled by a capable Dostoevsky work, sometimes by omission, perpetuates scholar of -an-der-Saale. In chronicling rather than solves old problems. There is, his subject's story from the first ancestor who for example, the discussion of natural laws presumably bore the name Dostoevski in the and miracles, which seems more philosoph­ early 16th century to the novelist's interment ically than Biblically oriented. In the dis­ on Feb. 1, 1881, Onasch concerns himself cussion of fatalism there is no reference to in this volume primarily with the religious Old Testament passages which say that God and theological issues in the life and work Himself sends evil. Klotz frequently asserts of Dostoevski. (He promises us another that science is amoral and that religion is volume under the title Christianity and Art a realm entirely different from science. He in the Work of Dostoevski.) In the present assumes that Scripture gives a scientific, even admirably illustrated study he takes the mon­ though minimal, account of beginnings. He umental life of the novelist by the Russian does not indicate that Scripture is some­ Dostoevski scholar Leonid Grossmann as his times, possibly even often, "vindicated" by the correction of well-intentioned but false model. Onasch has ransacked all the avail­ Biblical interpretations of the church. He able sources for his material, including the supplies no specific references to the theolog­ recently published letters from the period ical sources containing the contradicted in­ 1878-81, which are of particular value for terpretations of Genesis. Nor does he indi­ the light they shed on The Brothers Karama­ cate that some of these rejected views (or sov. In spite of the formidable documentation modifications of them) are found in Mis­ and the inevitable chroniclelike organization, souri circles and that such a variety this biography makes interesting reading in of views, for example on the hexaemeron, its own right. For the student concerned has a long history in the church. Perhaps chiefly or even peripherally with the theo­ therefore the hope of the author and the logical aspects of Dostoevsky's work it is publisher that this book will allay anti­ indispensable. scientism will not fully achieve that purpose. ARTHUR CARL PIEPKORN BOOK REVIEW 375

CHURCH, KINGSHIP AND LAY IN­ bility of either Ivo of Chartres or Hugh of VESTITURE LI\J ENGLAND 1089·1135. Fleury for the Concordat of 1107. By Norman F. Cantor. Princeton: Uni­ The bibliography of manuscripts, printed versity Press, 1958. xiv and 349 pages. sources, and modern works on the subject Cloth. $6.00. is excellent. Mr. Cantor, a member of the department We recommend this study to anyone who of history in Princeton University, "attempts is interested in the structuring of Christian to provide a comprehensive history of the society during the Middle Ages. controversies over church-state relations in WALTER W. OETTING England during the crucial period from the death of Lanfranc in 1089 to the end of the COMPOSITION OF THE BOOK OF reign of Henry I in 113 5." JUDGES. By Cuthbert Aikman Simpson. Admitting the decided influence of Gerd Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1958. 197 Tellenbach, he develops the thesis of Church, pages. Cloth. $6.50. State and Christian Society at the Time of The value of this expensive book consists the Investiture Contest by portraying the primarily in furnishing the evidence that the as the result of an sources for the historical books of the Old attempted revolution on the part of the Testament are still sought on a purely liter­ papacy that was influenced at least in part ary basis. In fact, the old scissors-and-paste by the Cluniacs, but going beyond their procedure here reaches heights of subjectivity original intent. rarely attained by previous masters of this Mr. Cantor introduces the reader to the art. Simpson, professor of Hebrew in the Norman ideals of Christian society (he calls University of Oxford, attempts to show that it church· state relations), but the bulk of the same written sources of the Hexateuch the study deals with the efforts of St. Anselm. (d. his The Early Traditions of Israel) ex­ Scoring both Urban II and Paschal II as tend into the Book of Judges and, as he unfamiliar with conditions in England and hopes to demonstrate in future publications, for using the English church as a pawn to into the Books of Samuel and 1 Kings 1-13. papal ends, he portrays Anselm as a sort of Applying criteria for which there is no objec­ hapless intermediary. This is especially ob­ tive basis he confidently assigns verses, half vious in the differing motives of the papacy verses, and even individual words in a verse and the English crown for participation in to such an array of literary sources as J1, the and the negative results this J2, E, RJE, Rdl, Rd2, Rd3, Rpd. had on the reform efforts of the Archbishop. WALTER R. ROEHRS The author takes issue with Stephen THE SICILIAN VESPERS: A HISTORY Runciman and others who assume the pres­ OF THE MEDITERRANEAN WORLD ence of English clergy at Clermont. He IN THE LATER THIRTEENTH CEN­ analyzes extensively the different forms of TURY. By Steven Runciman. Cambridge: the ordo used for the coronation between At the University Press, 1958. xiii & 356 973 and 1154 and the part Anselm played pages. Cloth. $5.50. in these changes. He discusses the involved On March 30, 1282, Easter Monday, problem of the authorship of the Anonymous a group of French officers was cut down Tracts, taking issue in part with the work in the square before the Church of the Holy of George Huntston Williams. There is Spirit in Palermo just before the bells rang a lengthy discussion rejecting the responsi- for vespers. They had treated the younger 376 BOOK REVIEW

women with a familiarity that outraged the and enter fellowship with each other. This Sicilians; one of their number in particular should happen where there is no division had paid undue attention to a married and where there is division. woman. Her husband stabbed her annoyer This is not to say, as the author does not to death; his townsmen fell on the remain­ say, that doctrinal questions of faith and ing soldiers. The incident set off a revolt, order are to be or dare be ignored. But the perhaps carefully prepared for by John of churches should, writes Secretary 'tHooft, Procida, an adviser of Peter of Aragon. At "go as far as they can go conscientiously in any rate, Peter won the crown of Sicily; fulfilling their calling together with other Charles, count of Anjou and Provence, King churches" (p. 88). The "ultimate unity in of Sicily, Albania and Jerusalem, lost it; Christ" belongs to the final consummation, with his loss he brought the papacy into dis­ but this does not mean less intense effort grace. The pope was also important polit­ toward visible manifestation of Christian ically and was closely connected with the unity. affairs of his vassal. Relations with the All along the treatment of these great Byzantine Empire and the on-again-off-again themes is markedly Biblical. There is clear plans for crusades and pseudo-crusades con­ and helpful exegesis provided for John 17, cerned him greatly. Charles had been the Eph. 4, and other passages. Since the author most powerful figure in the Mediterranean suggests other passages for further study world. Runciman, the expert historian of the (p. 91), this book could serve admirably as Crusades, weaves the story of that world the basis for pastoral conference discussion around him and makes of the whole signifi­ or Bible class discussions of the Ecumenical cant history. In his telling 1282 becomes an Movement and church unity. important date in history. His telling gives meaning to these events of the 13th century HENRY W. REIMANN and explains much of what happened in the QUELLEN ZUR GESCHICHTE DER 14th and 15th centuries. DIAKONIE. Volume I: Altert1J1n und CARL S. MEYER Mittelalter. By Herbert Krimm. Stuttgart: THE PRESSURE OF OUR COMMON Evangelisches Verlagswerk (1960}. 169 CALLING. By W. A. Visser 'tHooft. pages. Half-linen. DM 16.80. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & In 1912 Martin Hennig published his Company, 1959. Cloth. $2.50. 90 pages. now long-out-of-print Quellenbuch zur This is a precious little book by the em- Geschichte der Inneren Mission, which traced inent General Secretary of the World Coun­ the history of Christian service from the cil of Churches. He is concerned that Chris­ Reformation on. He projected another vol­ tians today should remember that unity ume, to cover the first 15 Christian cen­ grows. He hopes that the ecumenical move­ turies, but never completed it. The present ment will not institutionalize or absolutize work, by a distinguished German military the "unity of the road." However, all Chris­ chaplain, pastor, and director of the Diako­ tian unity rests on the given unity of the niewissenschaftliches Institut, expands by common calling. Out of this calling in some 300 per cent the source materials Hen­ Christ and His work (the is very nig had gathered for his projected second explicit in this book) flows the response to volume, reorganizes them, and presents them grow into Christ and His unity. This hap­ as sources for the history of Christian service pens as churches render common witness, from the down to the be­ serve each other and meet the needs of men, ginnings of the Reformation. It is difficult BOOK REVIEW 377 to exaggerate the value of this skillfully of the life and work of Moses as a part of selected collection (162 items) for anyone his presentation because "we have no full directly concerned with Christian charitable biography of Moses . . . in terms of 'strict activities, for the church historian, and for historical science,''' but "pictures that later the parish pastor who is called upon to ages formed of Moses," which "were natu­ interpret the demands of Christian service rally influenced by the spirit and outlook of to his congregation. (The 20·page collation each age . . . and differ from one another of Biblical materials is in itself of very great in detail" (pp. 7 f.). It is obvious therefore value.) At a time when the attention of that Moses as an historical person is not the Lutheran churches of America is being presented merely for lack of space but be­ focused on the need for adequate programs cause the books ascribed to him do not give of Christian service, on the crucial problems reliable information about him. confronting the deaconess movement, on the Having briefly made his viewpoint clear of the male diaconate in our on this issue, Von Rad concentrates his at­ church, and on the revival of life in com­ tention on significant concepts of Old Testa­ munity in the Church of the Augsburg Con­ ment theology that are reflected in the litera­ fession, the voices that speak from the pages ture bearing the name of Moses. In five of this book deserve to be heard. It is to be chapters he offers a succinct and enlighten­ hoped that T':rimm's work (possibly without ing lfeatment of such Old Testament topics Wend Krumbholtz' s comprehensive but nec­ as anthropology in "Moses the Man" (ch. i) , essarily oversimplified and somewhat tenden­ the name of God in "The Call of Moses" tious introduction) will soon come out in (ch.ii), "The First and Second Command­ English and that his promised revision of ments" (ch. iii), the Law in "God's Will as Hennig's Quellenbuch will soon be pub­ Made Manifest in the Law" (ch. iv), and lished. In the meantime those who can han­ "From Promise to Fulfilment" (ch. v) . dle German will find it a vital resource. No doubt the failure to devote at least If anyone is tempted to object that "the one chapter to the covenant also stems from periods here discussed are generally of minor Von Rad's view of the historical develop­ interest to Evangelical Christians," let him ment of this basic Old Testament concept. take to heart Krimm's rejoinder that "this The term "covenant" occurs some five times is less the fault of these periods than of throughout the book, but it is nowhere asso­ these," that is, our own, "hearts." ciated directly with the work of Moses. ARTHUR CARL FIEPKORN WALTER R. ROEHRS

MOSES. By Gerhard von Rad. New York: ANCIENT ISRAEL. By Harry M. Orlinsky. Association Press, c. 1959. 80 pages. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Paper. $1.00. Press, c. 1954. 193 pages. Cloth. $2.50. A booklet of 80 small (7" by 5") pages Originally written as one of a series in on Moses makes one curious at once how "The Development of Western Civilization," the account and significance of Israel's published by Cornell University Press for founder can be treated in such limited space. use in college survey courses, this essay by This question becomes all the more intrigu­ the well-known professor of Bible at Hebrew ing when the writer is the renowned Old Union College, New York, has also been made Testament scholar of the University of Hei­ available in this independent edition. "It was delberg, Gerhard von Rad. We find at the the purpose of the writer to provide a brief outset that he has eliminated the discussion narrative account of the history of the peo- 378 BOOK REVIEW pIes who created the Hebrew Bible, and at of the last chapter) achieves "the climax of the same time, to outline the integral rela­ Biblical history" in the prophetic movement tionship between the development of their (p. 142). In the ethical teaching of the society and the growth of the Biblical tradi­ prophets, there was "not only nothing com­ tion." (Foreword) parable produced by any other Near Eastern After a brief survey of the development civilizations of antiquity, but not even the of man in the ancient Near East from his heirs of the Hebraic tradition itself again cave-dwelling existence to Early Bronze Age equaled the power and eloquence of this (about 3,000-2,000 B. C.), Orlinsky traces great moral outburst" (ibid.). The Christian the history of the Hebrews and Israel from reader therefore is grateful for the light that their beginnings in the patriarchal age to is shed on "ancient Israel" but regrets that 300 B. C. It is a coherent and simply written it is not illumined by the Light of the world, account of the historical development of of whom Moses and the prophets spoke. Israel in its Near Eastern setting. WALTER R. ROEHRS Basing his conclusions on the enlarged HIGHLIGHTS OF CHURCH HISTORY. knowledge of the ancient world acquired By Howard F. Vas. Chicago: Moody through the archeological discoveries of the Press, 1960. 128 pages. Paper. 39 cents. past decades, he writes from the conviction rhar "the Biblical accounts are morc likely Vos is an able historian and a lucid to be true than false, unless clear-cut evi­ writer. His overview of church history in dence from sources outSIde the Bible demon­ 15 years to a page can be only a sketch, but strate the reverse" (p. 8). As a modern his­ for a quick review or a beginner's introduc­ torian, however, he finds it necessary to tion it will serve right well. reserve for himself the right to treat the CARL S. MEYER Old Testament record like every other "doc­ BIBLIOGRAPHIA PATRISTiCA: INTER­ umented human story" and to reject the NATIONALE PATRISTISCHE BIBLIO­ interpretation of "those who were responsi­ GRAPHIE. Edited by W. Schneemelcher. ble for the composition of the Hebrew Bible VoL II: Die Erscheinungen des Jahres [who] believed that what they uttered and 1957. Berlin: Walter De Gruyter & wrote derived from the God who had en­ Co., 1959. xxx and 115 pages. Cloth. tered into a mutual Covenant with Israel." Price not given. (P.9) The first volume was received with de­ As one would expect from a writer whose served praise, in this journal as well as in Bible is only the Old Testament, the events others. The second volume continues this of the Old Testament do not constitute series in exemplary fashion. The number a Heilsgeschichte which moves by the design of journals abstracted has increased consid­ of the Lord of history toward the achieve­ erably (six additional pages of abbrevia­ ment of His gracious purpose in the Son tions are needed), including the present of God and Son of Mary. "The idea of a superhuman anointed leader ... who journal for the first time. The editorial would be sent down by God at some distant board has been extended to make it more time to intervene directly in behalf of Israel truly international, including representatives against her oppressors, or in behalf of the from Iron Curtain countries. righteous against the wicked, is a post-Bibli­ This volume followed the first too rapidly cal development in Jewish and Christian to benefit from suggestions offered by re­ circles" (p. 161 ). "The Hebraic Spirit" (title viewers or purchasers. For that reason no BOOK REVIEW 379 additional negative comments should be pressed by the specifically Roman Catholic added at this time. Each time a volume is accents, they might catch many insights into added, the entire series will grow more val­ the meaning of St. Matthew and could welI uable. Already it is indispensable for any study this work as a model for a type of serious student of patristic thought. Biblical exposition that our people would! EDGAR KRENTZ appreciate. EDGAR KRENTZ

THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY BOOK: THE SEVENTH DAY: THE sTORY OF THE SCRIBES, THE PRINTERS, THE THE SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTIsTS. DECORATORS. By Curt F. Buhler. Phil­ By Booton Herndon. New York: Mc­ adelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, Graw-Hill Book Company, 1960. 268 1960. 195 pages. 8 plates. Cloth. $5.00. pages. Cloth. $4.95. Theologians, especially those interested in CHRISTIAN BELIEFS: FUNDAMENTAL patristics, , or the Reformation, BIBLICAL TEACHINGS FOR SEV­ will find this book of great interest. In ENTH-DAY ADVENTIST COLLEGE three chapters, documented copiously, the CLASSES. By T. H. Jemison. Mountain author surveys the relationships of incuna­ View, Calif.: Pacific Press Publishing As­ bula and manuscripts, the methods and his­ sociation, c. 1959 xi and 481 pages. tory of early printers, and the arts of book $6.00. decoration. The work is of genuine interest. Herndon is an able journalist, a profes­ Items that will interest theologians espe­ sional magazine writer, and apparently­ cially are the author's remarks on the con­ although neither the book nor the jacket nection of Nicholas Cusanus with early book says so - a Seventh-day Adventist himself. production, the types of literature that early He writes engagingly and has a solid sense printers printed, the prominence of Augs­ of what is newsworthy. With admirable burg in the production of pre-Luther ver­ skill he weaves case histories, denominational sions of the German Bible, the level of doctrine, missionary experiences, stories of literacy in Europe in the days of the Refor­ personal dedication, and medical and health mation, and many other similar details. Well theories into a fluent narrative that creates printed and bound, this volume is a good an enviable image of Seventh-day Adventist introduction to a subject that is strange to sagacity, altruism, and missionary venture­ many people. EDGAR KRENTZ someness. APOsTLE fiND APOsTOLATE ACCORD­ Jemison's work, adequately described in ING TO THE GOSPEL OF ST. MAT­ the subtitle and divided into 60 chapters, THEW. By Lucien Cerfaux. Translated is published by the Department of Education, by Donald D. Duggan. New York: General Conference of Seventh-day Advent­ Desclee, 1960. 183 pages. Cloth. $2.75. ists. The method in all chapters after the This popular, devotional exposition of first is this: Each chapter is divided into at Matthew 10 is an interesting example of the least two parts; the first presents an intro­ application of Biblical study to the needs of ductory study of the Bible doctrine on the a specific church. By apostolate the author subject in hand, with references to the texts understands the life of self-denial and serv­ upon which it is based; the second consists ice, whether lay or clerical, that goes beyond of "topics for study and discussion," related the demands made on the average Christian. to the main subject of the respective chapter; While Lutheran readers will not be im- a third part may provide supplementary ma- 380 BOOK REVIEW terial, consisting of additional information, ment. The entire 54-page introduction is explanatory notes and excursuses, chiefly a model of careful and just evaluation; Lu­ from standard Seventh-day Adventist refer­ therans will discover a fairness toward their ences. Fifty-nine pages of footnotes contain own tradition that is as welcome as it is "spirit of prophecy" quotations from the rare among Anglican scholars. The remain­ works of Ellen G. White ("given to guide ing 169 pages of text contain slightly over us to right conclusions in our study and to 100 readings, distributed over three very broaden our understanding of Bible truth"). broad divisions: (1) Faith (with such sub­ Seven further pages of references are ap­ heads as "Obedience the Condition of Know­ pended for the apologetic use of Seventh-day ing the Truth," "The Nature of Reasoning," Adventists in explaining their denomination's "The Rarity of Metaphysical Proof," "Apolo­ practices and Biblical interpretations. The getics," "Justification by Faith," and theological picture that emerges from this "Doubt" ); ( 2) The Church and the Minis­ work is that of a very conservative Biblicist­ try; and (3) , including prayer, fundamentalist Arminian body which devi­ worship, the sacraments, and the final con­ ates from conventional positions primarily summation. The carefully documented read­ in the areas of Sabbath-keeping, eschatology, ings are taken from the published works of prophecy, and the role of Ellen G. White John Keble, E. B. Pusey, John Henry New­ as a specia.1 messenger of God to His "rem­ man, Isaac Williams, J. A. Froude, and Wil­ nant people." This volume is recommended liam Palmer. For a firsthand acquaintance as an authoritative source of Seventh-day with the ideas of this influential consort of Adventist doctrine. religious leaders, this is a most helpful ARTHUR CARL PIEPKORN anthology. ARTHUR CARL PIEPKORN

THE MIND OF THE OXFORD MOVE­ RADICAL MONOTHEISM AND WEST­ MENT. By Owen Chadwick. Stanford, ERN CULTURE. By H. Richard Niebuhr. Calif.: Stanford University Press, c. 1960. New York: Harper and Brothers, c. 1960. 239 pages. Cloth. $4.25. 144 pages. Cloth. $2.75. The 19th-century patristic, liturgical, and In our culture, Yale's Niebuhr contends, Catholic revival in the Church of England "radical monotheism" - the doctrine that known as the "changed the one God is the only God, who alone is the external face and the internal spirit of worthy of man's devotion, worship, and sin­ English religious life. But these changes gle-minded loyalty - is rivaled by modern, were primarily religious and only afterward nonmythological polytheism and especially theological. They succeeded . . . in trans­ forming the atmosphere of English worship, by a henotheistic social faith "which makes in deepening the content of English prayer, a finite society, whether cultural or religious, in lifting English eyes, not only to their the object of trust as well as of loyalty and own insular tradition but to the treasures which tends to subvert even officially mon­ of the Catholic centuries. . . . They failed otheistic institutions, such as the churches" ... in affecting the religious beliefs of Eng­ (p. 11). This volume - a reworking of lishmen except so far as the new modes of Niebuhr's 1957 University of Nebraska worship helped to create an acceptance, or Montgomery Lectures on Contemporary Civ­ toleration, of more patristic or medieval ilization, plus four supplementary essays modes of theological expression" (p. 58). (dating from 1943 to 1959) designed to With these words Cambridge church his­ complement or expand the ideas expressed torian Chadwick appraises the Oxford Move- in the rest of the book - thus becomes BOOK REVIEW 381

a kind of extended ethical commentary on sisterhoods in the Church of Denmark. The the First Commandment, with "organized second part discusses seventeen brotherhoods religion," political entities and ideals, and and sisterhoods (all but seven of them Ger­ Western science among the "other gods." man) that do not require their members to Hard-hitting and pungently written, the sever their ties with their vocations and fam­ book provides the material for some uncom­ nes, with supplementary essays on Third fortable examinations of modern American Orders in the Church of England (the only Christian consciences, even in the portions chapter devoted to this denomination) and where readers like this reviewer feel them­ on communities and corporate societies in selves compelled to take issue with the syste­ modern Greece, the latter by Hans-Ruedi matic theology that underlies the author's Weber. The last section describes six new exposition. ARTHUR CARL PIEPKORN German experiments in the area of female diaconate, with a valuable introductory essay FREI PUR GOTT UND DIE MENSCHEN: on the sisterhood idea in the thought of EVANGELISCHE BRUDER- UND John Henry Wichern and William Lohe. SCHWESTERNSCHAFTEN DER GE­ On principle the volume limits itself to GENWART IN SELBSTDARSTELLUN­ Europe. The necessarily incomplete nature GEN. Edited by Lydia Prager. Stuttgart: of the report is acknowledged in the editor's Quell-Verlag, 1959. 535 pages. Cloth. introduction; there is, for instance, no ac­ DM 24.80. count of the very significant Swedish devel­ Taize, PomeYiol, Grandchanlp, the Oeku­ opments (from the relatively tiilY Sisterhoods menische Marienschwesternschaft of Darm­ of Mary the Mother of Jesus in Malmo and stadt, Les Veilleurs, the lona Community, of the Holy Spirit in Uppsala to the im­ the Waldensian Communita d'Agape near portant Third Order of St. Birgitta). The Turin, the Christusbruderschaft in Selbitz­ articles presented contain many inspiring these are familiar names to those who have accounts of devotion. American Lutherans been watching the growing movement who are interested in the revival of life-in­ toward life-in-community in the Lutheran community will find this volume instructive and Protestant churches of Europe. In this in more ways than one. volume the editor - who is herself director ARTHUR CARL PIEPKORN of the "Irenenring" - has collected self­ descriptions of the work, the aspirations, and THE PATRONAGE OF ST. MICHAEL the regulations of these and 26 other brother­ THE ARCHANGEL. By Andrew A. hoods and sisterhoods, together with a num­ Bialas. Chicago: Clerics of St. Viator ber of more general papers. An introductory [6219 Sheridan Road}, 1954. xii and essay by Heinz-Dietrich Wendland discusses 162 pages. Cloth. $2.75. some of the theological and sociological fac­ Bialas is a member of the Clerics of Saint tors which life-in-community involves. The Viator, a 19th-century teaching order of balance of the book consists of three sections. French origin, one of the aims of which The first discusses 12 German, French, and is the encouragement of devotion to the Swiss societies that are communities in the holy angels. The author's concern, naturally strict sense of the term, with two supple­ enough, is "to explain the existence, nature mentary essays, one on the contemporary and excellence" of St. Michael's patronage revival of community life in the churches in the Roman Catholic communion, but of the Reformation by Roger Schutz of since the Lutheran calendar likewise includes Taize and the other on brotherhoods and St. Michael, a great deal of what Bialas has 382 BOOK REVIEW

to say will be at least of interest to Lutherans. Schweitzer's interest in Christ is as an exam­ The scope of this illuminating and diligently ple of the ethical life which is of prime compiled and documented study includes the concern to him. God is merely a symbol discussions of the veneration of St. Michael for the origin of Being which he venerates. in the East and the West, the angelic world Schweitzer is both a rationalist and mystic, as Roman Catholic theology conceives of it, according to Langfeldt, and in this is closer the Roman Catholic understanding of "pa­ to Spinoza than to any other great thinker­ tronage," particularly as it applies to angels, and Schweitzer himself is keenly aware of the universality and superiority of St. Mi­ this. Only of Spinoza's determinism which chael's patronage, which for Roman Catho­ seems to vitiate ethical responsibility would lics is exceeded only by that of the Mother Schweitzer express his disapprobation. of God and Our Lord's foster father, and The author does not think much of tradi­ the necessity, utility, and practice of the tional Christian ethics, perhaps because he cultus of St. Michael among Roman Catho­ misunderstands. To him the Christian leads lics. In his speculation about his subject, an ethical life to prepare himself for eternal Bialas remains safely within the scope of life, and this is egoistic. In addition Lang­ traditional Roman Catholic theology. The feldt has an antipathy toward all Christian incidence of typographical errors in the book doctrine. To him Christian thinking is not is regrettably high, but most of them are merely dishoneot thinking; it is not thinking merely irritating. Bialas supplements his at all. From this, Langfeldt holds, Schweit­ discussion with a seven-page bibliography. zer will liberate all who dare to think for ARTHUR CARL PIEPKORN themselves. Perhaps a spirit such as Lang­ feldt's is a reliable guide to an understanding ALBERT SCHWEITZER: A STUDY OF of the thought of Albert Schweitzer. HIS PHILOSOPHY OF LIFE. By Gabriel ROBERT D. PREUS Langfeldt. Translated by Maurice Michael. New York: George Braziller, 1960. 119 THE DESTINY OF MAN. By Nicholas pages. Cloth. $3.00. Berdyaev. Translated from the Russian For one who desires an introduction to by Natalie Duddington. New York: the thought of Albert Schweitzer this short Harper and Brothers, c. 1960. V111 and study of his philosophy and life will fill the 310 pages. Pages. $1.75. bill. The study is written by a Norwegian Miss Duddington's translation was first psychiatrist after Schweitzer paid a visit to published in 1955 by Geoffrey Bles of Lon­ Norway. As we might expect in that coun­ don. The present volume is an unaltered try, there has been much speculation and reprint. From the "accusation against episte­ debate about the man after his visit, particu­ mology" with which it begins to the con­ larly over the question whether or not he cluding imperatives in which Berdyaev sum­ is a Christian. The author, who is very marizes the "main position of an ethics which sympathetic to Schweitzer and has corre­ recognizes the paradox of good and evil," sponded with him at length, concludes that this inquiry into ethics, the doctrine of man, Schweitzer is a Christian if we judge him and eschatology is one of the most provoca­ by his behavior, but not if we judge him tive essays of one of the most provocative by his teachings. He points out that Schweit­ religious thinkers of our century, sobering zer does not believe in a personal God, and not only where it elicits agreement but even hence cannot practice prayer in a Christian when it commands dissent. sense or retain any traditional Christology. ARTHUR CARL PIEPKORN BOOK REVIEW 383

LUTHER AND THE LUTHERAN recognize them adequately. There are factual CHURCH: 1483-1960. By Altman K. errors, poorly organized chapters, large gaps, Swihart, New York: Philosophical Li­ a sad balance of materials in this book. Why, brary, 1960. xii and 703 pages. Cloth. e. g., does the "Eucharistic Prayer" question $7.50. in the U. L. C. A. demand mention, let alone A book on the history of three pages? The anti-Missouri bias of the since Luther is needed, but this is not a book author is matched by his bias against the to fill that need. The first two chapters deal Wisconsin Synod. Someone ought to tell with Luther and his teachings, a total of him that the sketch on the rise of the ~v orId 179 pages. Luther's emphasis on justification Council of Churches hardly belongs into Swihart reroutes into an emphasis on pre­ a book on the history of Lutheranism. Swi­ destination. Luther had much to say about hart had a noble plan when he set out to the Bible as the Word of God and much write this work; the execution did not match about soteriology, to single out only two the promise of the plan. of Luther's emphases, but Swihart fails to CARL S. MEYER

BOOKS RECEIVED (The mention of a book in this list acknowledges its receipt and does not preclude further discussion of its contents in the Book Review section) Anthrolopogy. By Edward R Tylor; ed. the result of the editorial co-operation of 11 Leslie A. White. Ann Arbor: University of Bible scholars and theologians of the 19th Michigan Press, 1960. x and 275 pages. and early 20th centuries, including R. A. Paper. $1.95. After 80 years professionals Torrey, A. T. Robertson, Henry Eyster Jacobs, still rate Tylor's A.nthropology as "one of the R. F. Weidner, and John R. Sampey. The best introductions to the subject in the Eng­ first part consists of 140 pages of isagogical lish language" as far as fundamental proposi­ material. The second part attempts to out­ tions, literary style, and philosophical out­ line the Biblical teaching on each subject look are concerned. The Darwin centennial entry with a listing of all the pertinent texts. celebrations indicated that the cultural evolu­ Sermons in Outline. By O. Wil­ tionism Tylor espouses in this work still com­ liams. Nashville: Broadman Press, [1960} mands the adherence of many anthropolo­ c. 1943. 210 pages. Paper. $1.50. Ninety­ gists, notwithstanding the energetic polemics five Baptist sermon outlines in a paperback of the schools of Wilhelm Schmidt and reissue. Franz Boas against this view. The present King of the West Side. By William Heu­ paperback reissue reproduces the 1881 edi­ man. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans tion minus chapters II ("Man and Other Publishing Company, 1961. 140 pages. Animals") and III ("Races of Mankind"), which Editor White deemed more biolog­ Cloth. $2.50. A novel about a young pro­ ically than culturally oriented and least con­ fessional fighter who is converted to Chris­ sonant with modern knowledge and views. tianity by contact with a committed, witness­ ing Christian. Monser's Topical Index and Digest of the Bible. By Harold E. Monser. Grand Rapids: The Kingdom of Love and the Pride Baker Book House, 1960. 140 and 681 of Life. By Edward John Carnell. Grand pages. Cloth. $5.95. The original and nec­ Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing essarily somewhat dated edition of 1914, Company, 1960. 164 pages. Cloth. $3.50. here reprinted, bore the title Cross-Reference The Answer of Faith. By Kai Jensen; Digest of Bible References and incorporated translated from the Danish by John M. Jen- 384 BOOK REVIEW sen. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing The Suburban Captivity of the Churches: House, 1961. vii and 115 pages. Cloth. An Analysis of Protestant Responsibility in $2.50. the Expanding Metropolis. By Gibson Win­ The Minister's Handbook of Dedicatiom, ter. Garden City: Doubleday and Company, ed. William H. Leach. New York: Abing­ 1961. 216 pages. Cloth. $3.50. don Press, 1961. 144 pages. Cloth. $2.00. Catholics and Protestants: Separated Biblical Studies in Memory of H. C. Alle­ Brothers (Catholiques, Protestants: freres man, ed. J. M. Myers, O. Reimherr, H. N. POUf'ta?~t). By Leon Cristiani and Jean Ril­ Bream. Locust Valley, N. Y.: J. J. Augustin, liet; trans. Joseph I. Holland and Gilbert 1960. viii and 224 pages. Cloth. $6.00. V. Tutungi. Westminster: Newman Press, The Foundation of Jacques Maritain's Po­ 1960. xv and 161 pages. Cloth. $3.95. litical Philosophy. By Hwa Yol Jung. Catholics in Conversation: Seventeen In­ Gainesville, Fla.: University of Florida Press, terviews with Leading American Catholics. 1960. 65 pages. Paper. $2.00. By Donald McDonald. Philadelphia: J. B. Follow Me: Discipleship According to Lippincott Company, 1960. 288 pages. St. Matthew. By Martin H. Franzmann. Saint Cloth. $3.95. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1961. Before His Pace: Meditations for Priests ix and 240 pages. Cloth. $3.50. and Religious (Pace au Seigneur: Recollec­ The Synoptic . By H. A. Guy. tions Sacerdotales), Vol. 1. By Gaston Cour­ London: Macmillan and Company, 1960. vii tois; trans. Helen Madeleine. viii and 349 and 183 pages. Cloth. $3.50. pages. Cloth. $6.50. The City of God and the Politics of Crisis. Les Epitres de Saint Paul expliquees. By By Edgar H. Brookes. New York: Oxford Jean Cantinat. Paris: J. Gabalda [1960}. University Press, 1960. x and 11 pages. 234 pages. Paper. NF 9.90. Cloth. 10/6. Tatian und seine Theologie. By Martin A Guide to Church Ushering. By Homer Elze. Gottingen: Vandenhoeck und Ru­ J. R. Elford. New York: Abingdon Press, precht, 1960. 137 pages. Paper. DM 14.80. 1961. 63 pages. Paper. 50 cents. Jahrbuch fUr Liturgik und Hymnologie: Avicenna and the Visionary Recital 5. Band 1960, ed. Konrad Ameln, Christhard (Avicenne et Ie rr3cit visionnaire). By Henry Mahrenholz, Karl Ferdinand Muller. Kassel: Corbin; trans. Willard R. Trask. New York: Johannes Stauda-Verlag, 1960. xvi and 287 Pantheon Books, 1960. xiii and 423 pages. pages. Cloth. Price not given. Cloth. $ 7 .50. Der Prophet Jesaja: Kapitel 1-12. Geschichte der historisch-k1'itischen Erfo1'­ Vol. 17 of Das Alte Testament Deutsch. By schung des Alten Testaments von de1' Refor­ Otto Kaiser. Gottingen: Vandenhoeck und mation bis zur Gegenwart. By Hans-Joachim Ruprecht, 1960. xv and 126 pages. Paper. Kraus. Neukirchen Kreis Moers: Verlag der DM 6.20. Buchhandlung des Erziehungsvereins, 1956. Die Erhohung und Verherrlichung Jesu xi and 478 pages. Paper. DM 24.00. im Johannesevangelium. By Wilhelm Thu­ Library of Christian Classics. Vols. XX sing. Munster: Aschendorfl'sche Verlagsbuch­ and XXI: Calvin: Institutes of the Christian handlung, 1960. xiii and 303 pages. Paper. Religion, trans. Ford Lewis Battles, ed. John DM 26.50. T. McNeill. Philadelphia: Westminster Being Married. By Evelyn M. Duvall and Press, 1960. lxxi and 1734 pages. Cloth. Reuben Hill. New York: Association Press, $12.50 a set. 1960. 440 pages. Cloth. $4.95. The New E1~glish Bible, New Testament. Notebooks 1914-1916. By Ludwig New York: Cambridge University Press, Wittgenstein. New York: Harper & Broth­ 1961. xiv and 447 pages. Cloth. $4.95. ers, 1961. vi and 222 pages. Cloth. $7.00.