TRANSPORTATION

6. TRANSPORTATION

6.1 OVERVIEW

The Town of Carmel is located in the northcentral portion of Putnam County. Major transportation corridors are located on the periphery of the Town – Interstate I-84 is just to the east and the Taconic State Parkway is just west of its border. Rail service is available to the east within Brewster and Croton Falls. The major transportation routes serving the Town are US Route 6 and NYS 6N. In addition, the Town is host to the Putnam Trailway, a major walking and biking path linking Carmel with Westchester County communities and ultimately New York City to the south. As the County seat, Carmel has excellent access to bus transit services. The below provides details regarding transportation resources within and near Carmel. State roads in the Town of Carmel are under the jurisdiction of the New York State Department of Transportation, Region 8. County roads are under the jurisdiction of the Putnam County Department of Highways and Facilities. Local public roads are under the jurisdiction of the Town of Carmel Highway Department, and private roads are otherwise maintained by local homeowner associations or private club.

6.2. TRANSPORTATION PLANNING

6.2.1 NYMTC REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION PLAN The New York Metropolitan Transportation Council (NYMTC) is the Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) for Putnam County – the MPO includes New York City, Long Island, and the lower Hudson Valley region. NYMTC is a regional council comprised of nine voting and seven advisory members - voting members include the Putnam County Executive1. The MPO manages transportation improvements and recommendations through the NYMTC Regional Transportation Plan entitled “Plan 2045: Maintaining the Vision for a Sustainable Region”2. The Regional Transportation Plan is accompanied by a Transportation Improvement Program (TIP) which defines all of the federally-funded transportation projects proposed for planning, design and implementation in the NYMTC planning area over the 2020-2024 five-year period3. As per the TIP, safety is a top consideration and significant component to Putnam County’s TIP selection process and both transitDRAFT and highway projects aim to improve the safety aspects of federally

1 https://www.nymtc.org/Portals/0/Pdf/TIP/FFY%202020-2024%20TIP/Adopted%202020- 2024%20TIP/Adopted%20NYMTC%20FFY%202020-2024%20TIP.pdf?ver=2019-12-05-152805-790 2 https://www.nymtc.org/Required-Planning-Products/Regional-Transportation-Plan-RTP/Plan-2045-Maintaining- the-Vision-for-a-Sustainable-Region 3 https://www.nymtc.org/Portals/0/Pdf/TIP/FFY%202020-2024%20TIP/Adopted%202020- 2024%20TIP/Adopted%20NYMTC%20FFY%202020-2024%20TIP.pdf?ver=2019-12-05-152805-790 Town of Carmel Comprehensive Plan| Transportation | Page1 funded projects. Throughout Putnam County, National Highway system (NHS) roads and bridges are under Putnam County jurisdiction. The County’s goal, among others, in the TIP selection process, includes maintaining these roads in a state of good repair. As part of the TIP, the County has also selected various bikeway projects that address congestion mitigation, air quality improvement, travel alternatives and inter-modal connectivity with other transportation modes. Projects in the Town of Carmel which are identified on the TIP are as follows:

• Fair Street to Route 52 to John Simpson Road improvements. The project includes pavement rehabilitation, drainage and intersection improvements at the Simpson Road, Hill and Dale, and CR 60 Bridge replacement over the Middle Branch Croton. • Drewville Road (CR36) superstructure replacement over the West Branch Croton River. • Design and construction of a 1.5-mile paved bicycle/pedestrian trail from Baldwin Place (terminus of the Putnam Bikeway to Myrtle Avenue in Mahopac Falls along the abandoned railroad line. • Realign Union Valley Road in Carmel in the vicinity of Kia Ora Boulevard to improve sight distance. Includes right-of-way acquisition, drainage work, and other incidental project objectives. • The Putnam County Americans with Disabilities Act transit accessibility II project involves he construction of four segments of ADA compliant sidewalks to provide access where sidewalks are lacking at four locations of old Route 6 in Carmel. • Stoneleigh Avenue and Drewville Road intersection improvements, to provide safe access through the intersection to the Hospital, modernize the signalization and increase traffic storage. The project will also include the addition of turn lanes in order to improve overall traffic and safety conditions while treating road runoff. • Preventative maintenance paving along the Taconic State Parkway. • Replace or install new traffic signal control devices at several locations including flashing beacons, and pedestrian signals and crosswalks at Route 6 and Route 6N. • Operational assistance for feeder bus service between Carmel/Mahopac and Metro-North’s Croton Falls station in northern Westchester County. • General guiderail replacements, bridge improvements and repairs, paving, and roadway repairs, stormwater maintenance, sign replacements, etc., along Putnam County roads.

6.2.2 COMPLETE STREETS On August 15, 2011, the “Complete Streets” bill was signed into law and it amended the New York State Highway Law to add Section 331. The Complete Streets amendment was intended to achieve a cleaner, greener transportation system and to consider the needs of all users including pedestrian, bicyclists, motorists, users of public transportation, and citizens of all ages and disabilities. This law requires that all state, county, and local transportation projects that are undertaken by the State Department of Transportation, and projects that receive federal and state funding utilizeDRAFT complete street design features in planning, design, construction, reconstruction, and rehabilitation of streets. The legislation is intended to provide health benefits from increasing active forms of transportation while decreasing congestion and air pollution.

Complete Streets are designed and operated to enable safe access for all users of roads rather than heavily focusing on motorists. These designs emphasize the concepts of “traffic calming” to

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slow vehicular traffic and encourage safe multi-modal interactions. There are many different techniques that can be utilized to create complete streets including the addition of sidewalks, separate bike lanes or wide paved shoulders for them, dedicated bus lanes, accessible public transportation stops, frequent and safe crosswalks, median islands, curb extensions, and roundabouts. Complete Street design is a sustainable practice that can improve safety, encourage walking and bicycling which can improve health, lower transportation costs by providing more cost-effective options, and create strong and livable communities. Any projects which receive state funding must consider these design objectives.

6.3. COMMUTING PATTERNS

The U.S. Census Bureau collects data on commuting or “journey to work” characteristics, including “means of transportation to work.” In 2018, the mean travel time to work was 36.6 minutes for workers 16 years and older living in Carmel. While the journey to work data do not encompass all travel trips made by people within the Town, the data can assist in understanding the modal preferences and patterns of people within one of the largest users of transportation: commuters. Table 1 shows commuting data from the 2018 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimate for the Town of Carmel. Most workers in Carmel drove alone to work (79%). A reasonable number, 10 percent, carpooled. The number of persons taking public transit to work (5%) was slightly higher than the number of workers that worked from home (4%). Persons who walked to work were nominal (1%).

TABLE 1. MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION TO WORK 2018 ACS 5-Yr Estimate Means of Transportation

Persons Percent Workers 16 years and over 17,025 100% Car, truck or van – drove alone 13469 79% Car, truck or van - carpooled 1784 10% Public Transportation (excluding taxi) 880 5% Walked 164 1% Worked at home 630 4% Source: 2014-201DRAFT8 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. The American Community Survey collects data regarding residents’ travel time to work and this data is recorded in the ACS five-year estimates. The travel time to work data for Carmel is shown in Table 2. Within Carmel, the average travel time to work in 2018 was 36.6 minutes, indicating most persons are traveling to employment centers outside the Town. In 2018, a commute time of over 60 minutes was the most common commute time with 19.7 percent of residents, followed

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by 45-59 minutes (14.4%), and 35-44 minutes (12.4%). Commuting time is a reflection of employment locations.

TABLE 2. TRAVEL TIME TO WORK 2018 ACS 5-Yr Est. Travel Time Percent Less than 10 minutes 8.8% 10 – 14 minutes 8.4% 15 – 19 minutes 11.5% 20 - 24 minutes 7.9% 25 – 29 minutes 4.9% 30 – 34 minutes 11.0% 35 – 44 minutes 12.4% 45 – 59 minutes 14.4% Over 60 minutes 19.7% Mean travel time (minutes) 36.6 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2020.

The majority of households within the Town own multiple cars. Of all households in the Town, a high percentage, 45.8%, owned three (3) or more vehicles, while 39.3 percent owned two (2) vehicles. Only two percent of all households did not own a vehicle.

DRAFT

Figure 1. Jobs Counts by Places.

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Figure 1 above shows the top 10 locations where persons who live in Carmel work. Within Carmel, approximately 6.2 percent of employees travel to New York City to work. This is less than the number of residents who work in the Mahopac hamlet. Figure 2 presents employment locations by County. Approximately 88.3 percent of all Carmel workers are employed in Putnam, Dutchess, Westchester, and Fairfield counties. There is not a strong tie to New York City when it comes to employment. This has implications for the need for mass transit such as rail service.

Figure 2. Jobs Counts by County.

An inflow/outflow analysis of workers in 2017 shows that more employees travel outside the Town than those that travel into the Town to work. Approximately 13,979 persons are employed outside the Town, while 6,621 persons come into the Town to work. An estimated 2,367 persons are employed and live in the Town of Carmel. See Figure 3 below.

DRAFT

Figure 3. Inflow/Outflow of All Employees,

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6.4 ROADS 6.4.1. NYS DOT FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION

There are approximately 210.13 miles of roads within the Town of Carmel. In New York, roads are grouped into “functional classes” by the New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT) according to the level and character of service they provide. A roadway’s classification defines its importance within the overall network and is used to determine which roads are eligible for federal funding under the Federal Highway Administration Surface Transportation Program. The NYSDOT prepares Functional Class Maps for the entire state roadway system. Within the system, there are six classifications of roads: Principal Arterial Interstate, Principal Arterial Expressway, Principal Arterial, Minor Arterial, Major Collector, Minor Collector, and Local. In Carmel, there is a combination of Principal Arterials, Minor Arterials, Major Collectors, and Local roads. All roadway classifications are Federal Aid eligible, except for local roads. Approximately 72.1 percent, or nearly 151.55 miles of the roads in the Town, are classified as local roads. Table 3 below and Map 1, NYSDOT Functional Classifications, indicate the hierarchical classification and location of roads within the Town.

TABLE 3. TOWNWIDE FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF ROADS Functional Class Miles Percent Principal Arterial – Other Freeway 0.78 0.4 Principal Arterial - Other 9.25 4.4 Minor Arterial 22.09 10.5 Major Collector 26.46 12.6 Local (including private) 151.55 72.1 Total 210.13 100.0 Source: Roadway Inventory 2017, NYSDOT, 2020.

Principal Arterial Other Freeway/Expressway/Other: These roads serve the major centers of activity of a metropolitan area, the highest traffic volume corridors; carry a high proportion of the total urban area travel on a minimum mileage. The principal arterial system should carry the major portion of trips entering and leaving an urban area, as well as the majority of through movements desiring to bypass the central city. Almost all fully and partially controlled access facilities will be partDRAFT of this functional system. In Carmel, the Taconic State Parkway is classified as a principal arterial freeway. Principal arterial (other) includes US Route 6, and New York State Routes 6N, 118, 301, and 52.

Minor Arterial: These roads interconnects with and augment the urban principal arterial system and provides service to trips of moderate length at somewhat lower levels of travel mobility than principal arterials. Ideally, they should not penetrate identifiable neighborhoods. The spacing of

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minor arterial streets should normally be not more than 1 mile in fully developed areas. In Carmel, minor arterials include but are not limited to: Tomahawk Street, Secor Road, portiosn of Croton Falls Road, Stoneleigh Avenue, John Simpson Road, Fair Street, East Lovell Street, Shear Hill Road, portions of Union Valley Road, and Watermelon Hill Road.

Major Collector: These roads provide both land access service and traffic circulation within residential neighborhoods, commercial and industrial areas. A collector may penetrate residential neighborhoods, distributing trips from the arterials through the area to the ultimate destination. The collector street also collects traffic from local streets in residential neighborhoods and channels it into the arterial system. In a central business district, and in other areas of like development and traffic density, the collector system may include the street grid which forms a logical entity for traffic circulation. Major collectors include but are not limited to: West Lake Road, North Lake Road, a portion of Croton Falls Road, Drewville Road, Baldwin Place Road, Gipsy Trail Road, Bullet Hole Road, Shindagen Hill Road, portions of Union Valley Road, Weber Hill Road, and Belden Road.

Local Roads: All other roads in the Town are local roads. These comprise all facilities not on any of the higher systems. They serve primarily to provide direct access to abutting land and access to the higher order systems. Local roads offer the lowest level of mobility.

6.4.2. ROAD JURISDICTION

The New York State Department maintains a database of the length of all public roads by jurisdiction – statistics are available for road lengths within the unincorporated area. According to 2017 statistics, the Town owns and maintains 158.7 miles of road. In addition, there are 32.3 centerline miles of County Roads within the Town, and 17.9 miles of state highways (there are no federal highways in the Town). Table 4 provides a summary of roads in Carmel by jurisdiction. Table 5 provides the breakdown of mileage for roads and highways within the Town of Carmel. In Carmel, approximately 1.2 miles are identified as private roads.

DRAFT

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TABLE 4. TOWN OF CARMEL ROAD JURISDICTION Jurisdiction Length (in Miles) % ff Total Town 158.7 75.9% County 32.3 15.5% NYSDOT Owned 17.9 8.6% Other 0.0 0.0% Total 208.9 100.00% Private Roads 1.2 --- State Touring Route (overlap) 17.1 --- Source: Roadway Inventory 2017, NYSDOT, 2020.

TABLE 5. UNINCORPORATED AREA ROAD JURISDICTION Jurisdiction Route No. Name Length (in Miles) Town Road --- Various 158.7 County Road 30 Secor Road 1.49 34 Croton Falls Road 3.9 35 Stoneleigh Avenue 4.36 57 John Simpson Road 0.15 60 Fair Street 1.49 24 Wood Street 0.48 32 Hill Street 1.75 33 West, North Lake Blvd. 2.96 36 Drewville Road 3.2 37 Baldwin Place Road 2.17 38 West Shore Drive 2.0 41 Gipsy Trail Road 0.44 44 Hill & Dale Road 0.43 70 Stebbins Road 0.93 71 Myrtle Avenue 1.05 72 East Lake Blvd. 1.5 73 Old Route 6 0.13 New York Taconic State Parkway 0.78 US 6 9.25 NY 118 Tomahawk Street 0.24 NY 301 2.21 NY 52 1.04 DRAFTBY 6N 4.39 Total (not including private) 208.9 Source: Roadway Inventory 2017, NYSDOT, 2020.

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6.4.3 FEDERAL AID HIGHWAYS The Town of Carmel receives federal aid for certain state and local roads within the community. Table 6 lists roads which are eligible for federal aid.

TABLE 6. FEDERAL AID ROADS Jurisdiction Name Federal Aid Taconic State Parkway Eligible State NYS Route 6 and US Route NYS Route 301 NYS Route 52 NYS Route 6N South Lake Boulevard NYS Route 118 Federal Aid Hill and Dale Road Eligible Local Fair Street Road John Simpson Road Belden Road Stoneleigh Avenue (non-Route 6 portion) Drewville Road Shear Hill Road Weber Hill Road Croton Falls Road Shindagan Road East Lovell Road Watermelon Hill Road Union Valley Road Baldwin Place Road Secor Road Wood Street West Lake Boulevard East Lake Boulevard Hill Street Austin Road Bullet Hole Road Long Pond Road Crane Road Gipsy Trail Road Source: DRAFTRoadway Inventory 2017, NYSDOT, 2020.

6.4.4 NYS DOT TRAFFIC DATA One factor that contributes to the determination of a roadway’s classification is its average daily traffic volume. The NYSDOT’s Engineering Division collects traffic volume data for 8,000 – 10,000

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locations per year, including several road segments within the Town of Carmel. The AADT estimation process allows the user to be 95% confident that the estimated AADT is within +/- 10% of the actual value. The traffic counts, or estimated Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT), are estimated at different years – the most recent data are from 2018 - AADT are shown on Map 2 Roadway Average Annual Daily Traffic Volume.

Segments of Route 6 carry the most traffic volume in the Town – between the Westchester County border and Union Valley Road it carries approximately 17,891 trips. Traveling north, the AADT is approximately 14961 trips until Route 6N traffic flows into Route 6 – trips increase to 15,779. Traffic trips decrease as trips are distributed along the intersecting streets, with Drewville and Crane Roads carrying much of the traffic from Route 6. Approaching the Carmel hamlet, traffic increases until Route 6 intersects with Route 52, and the voume of traffic between Route 6 (Stoneleigh Avenue) and Route 301 is 19,886 trips. This is the hear of the hamlet, and where the County’s offices are located. Traffic volumes are also high along the segment of Stoneleigh Avenue (Route 6) before the two diverge by Putnam Plaza – trips are 17,412, indicative of the concentrated commercial nature of the road which is a destination for persons in the Town.

The Taconic Parkway travels through the northwest corner of the Town, and AADT volumes are 32,679 trips.

Lesser roads within the Town that carry significant traffic include Route 6N, Secor Road, Baldwin Place Road, Union Valley Road, Fair Street, John Simpson Road, Stoneleigh Avenue (providing access to Putnam Hospital), Drewville Road, Croton Falls Road, and Crane Road.

6.5 PASSENGER RAIL SERVICE

The Town of Carmel does not host a passenger rail station, although stations are located near the Town to the east. The Metro North Harlem line provides passenger service extending from Wassaic in Dutchess County to the north, to New York City to the south. The Southeast Train Station is located off of Independent Way which is accessed from NYS Route 312 near the Highlands Shopping Center. The Brewster Station via U.S. Route 6 in Brewster. The Croton Falls Station is accessed from Croton Falls Road in North Salem. Shuttle service is available from the Town to this station.DRAFT

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Figure 4. Train Stations in Vicinity of Carmel.

6.6 BUS TRANSPORTATION

The Town of Carmel is well served by public transit. Putnam County operates its own bus transit system. The PART system includes public transit services, including Paratransit and the Croton Falls Shuttle. All schedules run out of Putnam Plaza. The PART 1 schedule (blue) includes service from Putnam Plaza, and travels to various locations including the Putnam Hospital, Hughson Commons, and Office of Senior Resources in Carmel, as well as shopping centers and other stops in Brewster and Putnam Lake. The PART 2 schedule (yellow) runs from Putnam Plaza, and travels to Mahopac, Baldwin Place, Mahopac Falls, and Jefferson Valley to the Jefferson Valley Mall. The PART 3 (red) schedule also starts at Putnam Plaza, and travels to Southeast and Patterson (including to two MTA stations) locations. The PART 5 (green) schedule rungs from the Carmel hamlet to Lake Carmel as well as Hillcrest Commons, Carmel Plaza (Shoprite), the County Courthouse, and CVS, among other stops.

The Croton Falls Commuter Shuttle makes stops along Route 6, from the Lakeview Market & Deli to the Temple Beth Shalom before traveling to the Croton Falls train station. It generally runs from 5:30 AM to 7:30 PM, Monday through Friday. PART Paratransit is anDRAFT origin-to-destination transportation system for Putnam residents who are unable to use the PART public transportation due to a physical or mental disability. PART Paratransit operates specially modified vans to transport riders with a range of disabilities, including those who use wheelchairs. Service is provided to those persons within 3/4-mile of a PART fixed-route and have a destination that is within 3/4-mile of a PART fixed-route. This is not

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a Countywide system. The Paratransit system allows an aide to accompany a traveler free of charge.

Figure 5. PART Bus Transit System.

6.7 AIR TRANSPORTATION

Putnam County does not operate its own airport, and there is no airport service in the County. Carmel residents and visitors can utilize one of the four (4) Port Authority Airports, the nearest being Stewart International Airport in Orange County. The others are JFK, LaGuardia, and Newark International airports. Limited commercial service is available from Westchester County Airport. Nearby general aviation airports include Danbury Municipal Airport (Danbury, CT) and Hudson Valley Regional Airport (Wappinger Falls). DRAFT

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6.8 PEDESTRIAN AND TRAIL SYSTEMS

The Town of Carmel is primarily a rural Town, and pedestrian facilities are available primarily in the central business district areas of the Mahopac and Carmel hamlets.

In the Carmel hamlet, sidewalks commence along Route 6 near its intersection with Seminary Hill Road, and is located on the easterly side of the road. It extends up Gleneida Avenue (Route 52) to its intersection with Route 301, where the sidewalk continues on both sides of the road. The sidewalk on the westerly side of the road ends in the vicinity of the Mt. Carmel Baptist Church. On the easterly side of the road, the sidewalk continues to the entrance to the Shoprite Plaza.

Other roads in the hamlet have sidewalks, including 301 to Fowler Avenue, Fair Street (where Carmel High School is located), portions of Vink Drive, Stoneleigh Avenue, Church Street, and a portion of Seminary Hill Road have sidewalks at least on one side of the roads. Newer residential subdivisions, such as along Waring Drive, have sidewalks installed, although Fair Street in this vicinity does not. Portions of the County Center driveway also have sidewalks. Stoneleigh Avenue (overlap with Route 6) and Route 6 has a continuous sidewalk extending to about where the Putnam Trailway crosses Route 6. Old Route 6 also has sidewalks. The Retreat at Carmel, which is a larger newer development within the hamlet, is served by sidewalks and a trail. Most of the single-family neighborhoods adjoining the hamlet are not connected to the hamlet center with sidewalks.

In the Mahopac hamlet, sidewalks are present along portions of Route 6, but is not continuous. For example, sidewalks are present at the Croton Falls Road intersection, but then are not present until Route 6 approaches East Lake Boulevard to the south. A sidewalk is present along Route 6 until the vicinity of Mary Avenue. Portions of South Lake Boulevard have sidewalks, from Route 6 to Clark Place. The residential neighborhoods around the central business district are not served by sidewalks – many of these neighborhoods are older, are located on hillsides, and the streets are too narrow to accommodate a sidewalk. Opportunity does exist to add sidewalks to the connector streets, such as Clark Place and Cherry Lane, which connect South Lake Boulevard with Route 6.

A significant pedestrian and bicycle trail amenity in the Town of Carmel is the Putnam Trailway. As per the Putnam Trailway Guide, the Putnam Trailway is a paved bicycle/pedestrian path located primarily onDRAFT right-of-way lands of the former Putnam Division of the New York Central Railroad. The “Old Put” as it was formerly referred to by commuters, provided freight and passenger service from 1881 to 1958 between the Bronx in New York City and Brewster in Putnam County. The Putnam Railroad once served 6 stations in Putnam County, some of which still stand today. Station stops included Brewster, Tilly Foster, Carmel, Crafts, Mahopac, Lake Mahopac and Baldwin Place. The Lake Mahopac station building is known today as the American

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Legion Post building on Bucks Hollow Road. The Putnam Right-of-Way spans 12 linear miles through Putnam County, from the Westchester border at Baldwin Place to Brewster Village where it merged into the Harlem Line Tracks. At Baldwin Place, the Putnam Trailway connects to the North County Trailway, which continues south through Westchester County and into the Bronx to Marble Hill (225th Street). Two branch lines are in the trailway planning stages; one going from Lake Mahopac to Goldens Bridge, and the other from Baldwin Place to Mahopac Falls. The segment from Baldwin Place to Mahopac Falls is on the NYMTC TIP.

DRAFTFigure 6. Putnam Trailway.

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