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India's Travelling Tigers

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India's Travelling Tigers National Tiger Conservation Authority Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change STRIPESSTRIPESA QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL TIGER CONSERVATION AUTHORITY • VOL.11 (DOUBLE EDITION) • JAN-JUNE 2021 FRONTLINE WARRIORS How our green heroes protected wildlife during the 2020 nationwide lockdown India’s Travelling Tigers SPOTLIGHT: KAZIRANGA TIGER RESERVE HOW SARISKA GOT ITS STRIPES BACK FW CHAMPION: CAMERA TRAP PIONEER NEWS, EVENTS & MORE 1 From the MEMBER SECRETARY “There cannot be a forest without tigers; and the tigers cannot live without a forest. The forest is protected by the tigers; and the in collaboration with state forest T departments and conservation NGOs. tigers are protected by the forest.” (Mahabharata, Udyogaparvan, 29:47-48) The NTCA has been at the forefront Our ancient epics recognised the truth that of tiger conservation. Its work science informs us today – the pivotal role encompasses on-ground protection that the majestic tiger plays as an apex- initiatives, providing funding, predator in maintaining the health and managerial and technical support, and diversity of our myriad ecosystems. science-based monitoring of tigers and their habitats. India took the lead in conserving the tiger in the early 1970s and is today To commemorate Global Tiger Day on looked upon as a beacon of hope for this 29th July, in this issue of STRIPES, we endangered big cat. It harbours about celebrate the tiger and those who are on two-thirds of the world’s tigers in less than the frontlines to protect it. We highlight one-quarter of their global range. Today, the resilience of the tiger, showing the India has 51 tiger reserves across varied great distances these big cats traverse, ecosystems, which conserve under their and we pay tribute to some champions protective umbrella other threatened of tiger conservation. species such as the barasingha, the Bengal Florican, the chowsingha and the dhole, to This issue showcases conservation name only a few. initiatives across tiger reserves and is dedicated to our brave conservation India’s efforts in tiger conservation heroes who toil day and night to protect have paid off; there are an estimated our forests and wildlife. 2,967 tigers in India as per the fourth cycle (2018-2019) of the countrywide assessment conducted by the National Dr S P Yadav Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) Member Secretary and Wildlife Institute ofIndia (WII) National Tiger Conservation Authority ii STRIPES JAN-JUNE 2021 TRIBUTE PK Sen (4th August, 1941 – 2nd May, 2021) PK Sen was a staunch defender of the tiger, whose cause he served his entire life: first as an Indian Forest Service officer (1969, Bihar Kutku dam, which would have submerged PCadre) and then post retirement in 2001, Palamau’s core. when he led WWF India’s Tiger and Wildlife Division for five years before becoming During PK’s tenure as Director, Project Director of the Ranthambhore Foundation, Tiger (1996-2001), new tiger reserves were where he worked till he passed away on created, consolidated and expanded. He 2nd May, 2021. worked with state governments to tackle staff shortages and financial bottlenecks, and In his early postings in Munger and with enforcement agencies to curb the illegal Porahaat, PK (as he was affectionately trade in tiger parts. He enabled the voluntary known) took on the timber and mining relocation of villages from Karnataka’s mafia and established a reputation as a Bhadra Tiger Reserve by ensuring timely tough, dynamic officer who got things done. funding at a time when there was no special So when there was a crisis in Palamau Tiger allowance for relocations. Reserve (then part of undivided Bihar) in 1991, PK was picked to handle the severe His commitment and work won PK many drought, insurgency and collapse of law accolades, including the Padma Shri Award and order. By the end of his three-year stint, in 2011. the reserve ranked amongst one of the best managed at the time. PK was always deeply Like the tigers he served, PK was a large- concerned about his staff, enquiring about hearted gentleman – lending a hand to their welfare and helping them in times anyone in need and mentoring young of need. As Bihar’s Chief Wildlife Warden conservationists. His tough exterior hid he streamlined financial bottlenecks for a heart of gold; his home was open to all, budget allocations to forests, initiated the an adda brimming with lively debates formulation and implementation of wildlife accompanied by delicious meals served management plans in the state’s PAs, and with love. ensured timely payment for forest staff. PK’s loss will be acutely felt, but his rich While being extraordinarily outspoken, legacy will live on and guide us forever. PK was adept at working the system – one example being that he convinced the then By Prerna Singh Bindra, Bihar Chief Minister not to proceed with the Conservationist & Writer 1 Tigers as TRAVELLERS LADAKH J N AMMU AND KASHMIR W E HIMACHAL PRADESH PUNJAB S UTTARAKHAND Rajaji HARYANA Corbett ARUNACHAL PRADESH Kamlang Pilibhit Nepal Dudhwa Pakke Namdapha Bhutan SIKKIM Nameri Valmiki ASSAM Sariska UTTAR PRADESH Kaziranga RAJASTHAN Buxa Manas Orang GALAND A N MEGHALAYA Ranthambore BIHAR MANIPUR Panna MIZORAM Mukundara Bangladesh Hills Sanjay-Dubri JHARKHAND TRIPURA WEST BENGAL Dampa Bandhavgarh Palamau MADHYA PRADESH GUJARAT Satpura Pench Achanakmar Kanha CHHATTISGARH Similipal Sunderban Pench Melghat NNTR Bor ODISHA Satkosia Tadoba-Andhari USTR MAHARASHTRA Kawal Indravati TELANGANA Sahyadri Amrabad GO A NSTR Kali KARNATAKA ANDHRA PRADESH Tiger Reserve Bhadra Forest ANDAMAN & NICOBAR Nagarhole Protected Area BRT Bandipur Corridor Mudumalai Sathyamangalam TAMIL NADU LAKSHADWEEP KERALA State Boundary Anamalai Parambikulam International Boundary Periyar Transboundary Movement KMTR 2 STRIPES JAN-JUNE 2021 (Photo: Dr Sanjay Shukla) THE BIG PICTURE India’s Travelling Tigers Ravikiran Govekar, IFS, Field Director - Pench and Bor Tiger Reserve In 2013, when researchers led by the was scat-DNA based indirect evidence, but National Centre for Biological Sciences, equally robust and reliable. Bangalore ascertained close genetic Iexchange between the tigers of Kanha It is likely that this was not a case of direct Tiger Reserve (Madhya Pradesh) and far- or short-duration dispersal of the same off Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve individual between the Maikal ranges (Andhra Pradesh), many eyebrows may have (Kanha) and Nallamala ranges (NSTR). The been raised. Unlike direct evidence such as gene exchange over a distance of 650km may radio-telemetry and photographic data, this have taken place in relay form. Even so, this 3 observation highlighted the phenomenal natal forests in Pench. He walked about distances that tigers can, and do, cover. 170km through a mosaic of forests and human-dominated areas, keeping the forest North and Central Indian Habitats department on its toes. He was the first In 2008-2009, there was a great panic radio-collared tiger extensively monitored amongst the people and restlessness in the over such a long distance. T-3 was finally power corridors of Lucknow. The cause: a recaptured near Tendukheda, southwest three-year-old tiger that had been observed of Panna, after a long-drawn, coordinated crossing villages and towns in central Uttar operation. He sired several cubs and played a Pradesh, and advancing towards the capital stellar role in repopulating Panna. city. He had five human deaths on his head before he was shot and killed in February The lone tiger that was spotted in Gujarat in 2009, near Kumarganj in Faizabad district. February 2019 and found dead a fortnight By then he had travelled 300km south-east of later near Lunawada (Mahisagar district), his natal forests in Pilibhit. Three years later, might have had his roots in the Ratapani another tiger from the Dudhwa landscape forests of Madhya Pradesh – the nearest travelled about 200km to reach the outskirts source population – about 400km away. This of Lucknow, where he was captured. is because Kheoni Wildlife Sanctuary, which has the westernmost population of tigers in The foresters of Panna Tiger Reserve in Madhya Pradesh and from where the vagrant Madhya Pradesh encountered an unforeseen tiger may have covered a distance of about situation in 2009, when the male tiger T-3, 330km westwards, is itself dependent on the who had been translocated from Pench Tiger Ratapani tigers. Reserve as part of the effort to re-establish the locally extirpated tiger population of South India & Western Ghats Panna, started to journey back towards his The longest recorded dispersal in South (Photo: Dr Sanjay Shukla) 4 STRIPES JAN-JUNE 2021 corridor from Sahyadri Tiger Reserve (Maharashtra) to Kali Tiger Reserve between 2018 and 2020. The journey, a Euclidian distance of about 225 km, signified the importance of strengthening weak links across tiger dispersal landscapes. This was partially achieved in 2020, when Maharashtra notified six interconnected areas in this region as a Conservation Reserve, linking Sahyadri Tiger Reserve to forests in Goa and Karnataka. High-altitude and Mangrove Landscapes In 2016, researchers from Wildlife Institute of India (WII) camera-trapped a tiger in the Askot landscape in Kumaon (alt. 3274m). Then, in 2019, a tiger was camera trapped at still higher elevations (3431m) in the Kedarnath Musk Deer Sanctuary. These cases are interesting not because of the altitudes these tigers attained – tigers have been (Photo: Dr Sanjay Shukla) reported at elevations of 4200m in the forests of Bhutan – but because of the long distances they would have travelled from the nearest India is the journey of tiger BPT-241 from source population: Rajaji or western Corbett, Bandipur Tiger Reserve, which travelled Lansdowne Division for the Kedarnath tiger to Shikaripur in the Shivmogga district and possibly the Kilpura-Khatima-Surai of north Karnataka, covering a distance of tiger corridor for Askot valley tiger. Both are about 280km (straight-line) in 2010-2011.
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