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Florida Black Heritage Trail

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Florida Black Heritage Trail VISITFLORIDA lorida Heritage Publication ttC!^i41A*)4Mwl/ 9f*t?€c/wiC44ple<€{a^ In 1990, the Florida Legislature created the Study It has developed with significant assistance from the Commission on African American History in Florida Florida African American Heritage Preservation Network to explore ways to increase public awareness of the (FAAHPN). Organized in 2001 by the John Gilmore Riley contributions of African Americans to the state. The first Center Museum, the FAAHPN serves as an informational edition of the Florida Black Heritage Trail, published in 1991, and technical assistance resource in response to a growing was a product of the Commission, the Florida Division of interest in preserving African American culture as well as Historical Resources and the many citizens who assisted in related ethnically diverse historic properties in Florida. developing the book. The second edition of the book was produced in 2002 by the John G. Riley Center/Museum for The Florida Black Heritage Trail Guide is a microcosm African-American History and Culture and was financed in of African American landmarks and legacies that exist part by a grant from the Division of Historical Resources, in various locations throughout the state. Though much Florida Department of State. of Florida's African American history has been lost, this publication demonstrates a growing interest in documenting This third edition of the Florida Black Heritage Trail was and preserving what remains. produced by VISIT FLORIDA® in partnership with the Florida Department of State. Florida Heritage Trails: Why not see Florida through our eyes? Florida Heritage guidebooks can introduce you to the best of Florida's history. These colorful publications provide valuable information about the Sunshine State's people and places. To order copies of this guide and any others in our Heritage Trail Series (World War II, Cuban, Jewish, Women's and Maritime) call the Florida Division of Historical Resources at (800) 847-7278. Our address is Florida Department of State, Division of Historical Resources, 500 South Bronough Street, Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0250. Additional information is available on the Florida Department of State website at www.flheritage.com. VISIT FLORIDA would like to thank the Florida Department of State for the rights to reproduce this publication and specifically Mr Frederick Gaske. Director of the Division of Historical Resources and Ms. Susanne Hunt. Publications Editor; Mrs. Althemese Barnes of the John Gilmore Riley Center Museum and the FAAHPN; and Ms. Jill Rutli at VISIT FLORIDA. The FAAHPN would like to recognize the network of mutuality that ties every citizen to the other and acknowledges the generosity of The Elizabeth Ordway Dunn Foundation of Miami for its three-year start-up and subsequent network funding support; VISIT FLORIDA for the opportunity to assist with this update, and the Florida State Legislature and the Honorable Governor Jeb Bush for providing funds in 2006 to support the network project Additional credits include • Department of Parks, Recreation and Cultural Affairs, Division of Cultural Affairs. Gainesville • Florida Black Chamber of Commerce • Delores McLaughlin, Alliance for Neighborhood Restoration. Cocoa • Willie and Jaunita Monroe, Perry • Nicola Taylor, Eustis • Willie Strickland, Orlando • Dorothy Jenkins Fields, Miami • Geraldine Thompson, Orlando • Ernestine Ray, Ft. Lauderdale • Joel McEachin, City of Jacksonville • Marsha Dean Phelts • Sharon Coon. Jacksonville • Sandra Rooks, Clearwater • Ellen Babbs. Heritage Village, Largo • Brevard County Historical Commission, Cocoa • Carta Mitchell, Eustis African American Heritage Committee. Eustis • Bettye J. Sessions, Jacksonville • Martha Bireda, Punta Gorda • Charlotte County Visitors Bureau. Port Charlotte • Henry Davis. Plant City Cover Photo Credits: Jackie Robinson Ball Park - Daytona Beach Area Convention & Visitors Bureau, Detail of "The Road Less Traveled" by James Gibson - Florida Dept. of State. African-American Research Library - African-American Research Library & Cultural Center, Ray Charles Statue and Knott House - Florida Dept. of State, Kumba Dancer- Pinellas County Communications © 2007 Florida Department of State, Division of Historical Resources, in partnership with VISIT FLORIDA. TABLE OF CONTENTS '/£//^, Florida's Black Heritage 2-4 Florida 32-33 Florida's African Americans have made significant Map contributions to the development of the state and continue to play a key role in creating modern Florida. Early slaves Florida's Black Heritage Trail escaped here and found freedom with the Spanish and the Sites: Seminoles. Fort Mose' in St. Augustine was the earliest settlement of free blacks in America. Black laborers and North Florida 5-26 craftsmen built Florida cities. Central Florida 27-42 The record of African American achievement is also written in architecture, paintings, music and literature. Poet James South Florida 43-58 Weldon Johnson was principal of Old Stanton High School in Jacksonville where he composed Lift Ev'ry Voice and Calendar of Events 59-64 Sing. From his childhood home in Greenville, Ray Charles moved to Jacksonville to start his career at area nightspots. Famed author Zora Neale Hurston described growing up black in Eatonville in her novels and stories. Educator Mary McLeod Bethune founded Bethune-Cookman College in Daytona Beach, and Jackie Robinson broke baseball's color barrier at Dodgers spring training there. The Highwaymen painted the Florida landscape and sold their art from town to town in Florida. Creativity continues to flourish. Gospel. Reggae. Jazz. Blues. Hip-hop and Rap. Paintings. Sculpture. Fiber art. Poetry. Storytelling. Discover the energy, depth and richness of the African American experience in museums, galleries, cultural centers, clubs, and churches throughout Florida. Feel the pulse of African American communities on college campuses and in traditional neighborhoods like Lincolnville in St. Augustine, La Villa in Jacksonville, Callahan in Orlando, Overtown in Miami. Come explore Florida's rich and diverse heritage. VISITOR COURTESY: Please respect the sites identified in this guide as PRIVATE by not trespassing. These sites are not open to the public. All entries designated with this logo are listed in the National Register (NR) of Historic Places, either individually or as a VISITFLORIDA, contributing structure in a historic district. The National Register is an official list of historically significant properties located throughout www.VISITFLORIDA.com the country. The list is maintained by the National Park Service, and includes places that have been documented as significant in American history, architecture, archaeology, engineering or culture, 2540 West Executive Center Circle, Suite 200 at the local, state, or national level. For information on the National Tallahassee, FL 32301 Register, visit the National Park Service's National Register website (888) 735-2872 at www.cr.nps.gov/nr or call the Florida Department of State, Bureau The State's Official Source for Travel Planning of Historic Preservation at (850) 245-6333 or (800) 847-7278 or visit www.flheritage.com. 1i www.VISITFLORIDA.com V www.flheritage.com <y^frriakid ^mzcKl By L Omar Rivers African-born blacks had numerous health advantages that were conducive to their survival. Before the explorations in When people think of the early African-American experience, the New World, European and African peoples had been a fact that comes to mind is how black Africans were in contact for centuries. As a result, Africans developed kidnapped from their countries of origin to work as slaves in immunities to most of the common European ailments that New World colonies. Indeed, millions of blacks were taken proved deadly to Native Americans. Additionally, legend from their native lands and forced to labor as plantation maintains that the sickle cell trait carried by some Africans and domestic workers in settlements such as Jamestown, protected blacks from malaria, a disease that was prevalent Virginia and Charles Town, South Carolina. The roots of in the mosquito-infested American coastal lowlands. America's black heritage, however, reach much deeper than As the slave trade expanded, so did the efforts of black this particular chapter in colonial and U.S. history. bondsmen to escape slavery. The first Underground Railroad in America did not lead from south to north, but Long before bondsmen were brought to the colonies, north to south. As early as 1687, slaves fled bondage from African-born blacks, both free and slave, were integral in English-controlled South Carolina to seek life as free men shaping the future Americas through their participation in and women in Spanish Florida. Spaniards in St. Augustine Spanish explorations and colony building. Examples are numerous. Free black African Juan Garrido, a veteran of the Spanish conquests of Hispahola, Puerto Rico and Cuba, also was a member of the Spanish expedition led by Ponce de Leon that "discovered" Florida in 1513. Estevancio, the slave of a Spanish nobleman, arrived with Panfilo de Narvaez near present day St. Petersburg, Florida in 1528. Estevancio's journeys took him across Florida and on to Arizona and Mexico. Esteban, a black gun bearer, scout, slave, and soldier, similarly arrived with and assisted de Narvaez. Juan Valiente, a black Slave who accompanied Madison Post Office Mural his master to the Americas, was a member of numerous expeditions and fought side-by- took advantage of
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