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Insect Pest Management in Organic Agriculture

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Insect Pest Management in Organic Agriculture International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Sustainability Volume 3, Issue 1 - 2021, Pg. No. 1-6 Peer Reviewed Journal Review Article Insect Pest Management in Organic Agriculture- A Fast Growing Approach of 21st Century Showket A Dar1, Sajad H Mir2, Sajad H Wani3, Tashi Dolkar4, Abid Showkat5, Tashi Dawa6 1Department of Entomology-KVK-Kargil, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar Campus, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India. 2Department of Entomology-FOA Wadura Sopore, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India. 3Department of Biotechnology, Government Degree College, Shopian, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India. 4Department of Home Science, KVK-Kargil, Ladakh, India. 5Department of Agriculture, Government of Jammu and Kashmir, India. 6Programme Assistant KVK-Kargil-II, Ladakh, India. INFO ABSTRACT Corresponding Author: Organic farming is only alternative to climate change. Regulations of Showket A Dar, Department of Entomology-KVK- organic farming in current climate change scenario left behind few Kargil, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural voids compared to conventional farming. For maximum of the organic Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar farmers it become difficult to manage pests in their crops compared Campus, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India. to other practices, but still main pests could be succeeded through E-mail Id: manipulation of agro-ecosystem procedures in merit of the crops and [email protected] drawback of pests. The few active plant protection substances approved Orcid Id: for use in organic farming can deliver provision to natural and biological https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5511-9509 control agents in suppression of pests and diseases. In this article, we How to cite this article: will remark the principles and strategies of crop protection in organic Dar SA, Mir SH, Wani SH et al. Insect Pest farming, the cultural practices implemented, the active substances Management in Organic Agriculture- A Fast permitted for use to conquer pests and the influences on diversity. Growing Approach of 21st Century. Int J Agric In Ladakh region, due to climate change the glaciers have shown a Env Sustain 2021; 3(1): 1-6. significant reduction in volume and much of the ice mass has melted in many glaciers, some had already perished, and that had a direct impact Date of Submission: 2020-10-05 on the pest paradigm, especially outbreak of brown tail moth, Agrotis Date of Acceptance: 2021-01-13 and locusts. Therefore, the organic farming had an overall adverse impact on subsistence living system in this tribal area. Keywords: Climate Change, Insects, Biodiversity, Organic Farming, Agriculture, Pest, Ladakh Introduction convoluted, considering nutrient and energy cycle system and the whole farm as one organism.11 Organic agriculture Organic agriculture is a universal production system that count on a number of farming performs based on ecological tolerates the health of soils, ecosystems, and people, trusts cycles and purposes at diminishing the environmental on ecological processes, biodiversity and cycles altered to influence of the food industry, preserving the long-term indigenous situations rather than the use of efforts with sustainability of soil and dipping to a minimum use of adverse effects.13 Organic agriculture syndicates tradition, nonrenewable resources; besides being both a philosophy innovation, and science to help the shared environment and and a system of farming aiming to produce food that is endorse fair relationships and a good quality of life for all International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Sustainability Copyright (c) 2021: Advanced Research Publications Dar SA et al. Int. J. Agric. Env. Sustain. 2021; 3(1) 2 nutritious and uncontaminated with substances that could are classified into two categories as vegetal insecticides or harm human health. Further, the organic farming benefits mineral insecticides. to the ecosystem in many ways, for example conservation Table 1.Natural plants and their target insect pests14 of soil fertility, carbon dioxide storage, fossil fuel reduction, preserving landscape, and preservation of biodiversity. Yarrow Aphids, Mites, Psyllids, (Achillea millefolium) Thrips In organic farming the insect and disease management Queen of poisons is achieved by using appropriate cropping techniques, Coleopteran larvae (Aconitum sp.) biological control, and natural pesticides.8 Weed control, the Sweet flag main problem for organic growers, can be managed through White cabbage butterfly cultural practices including mechanic cultivation, mulching, (Acorum calamus) and flaming, burning. Organic farming is considered by Onion Mites, ants, storehouse higher diversity of arthropod fauna and maintenance6, (Allium cepa) pests 7 of natural enemies than predictable agriculture as long Garlic (Allium sativum) Thrips, storehouse pests as the area has appropriate climate for insect existence. Birthwort According to the IFOAM, organic agriculture is guided by Bed bug four principles: health, ecology, fairness and care; similarly (Aristolochia clematitis) US Congress passed the organic food product act in 1990, Absinthium Nematodes, caterpillars, while the European Union (EU) set up the first regulations (Artemisia absinthium) fleas on organic farming in 1991, and in the same year, the Codex Mugwort Fleas, Colorado beetle Alimentarius Commission officially recognized organic (Artemisia vulgaris) agriculture. Gomiero T et al. gave more details on history Lamb’s quarters Colorado beetle, white of organic farming, total global areas, organic standards, (Chenopodium album) butterfly and impact on the environment.11 Hemlock Coleopteran larvae Organic Agriculture and Pest Control (Conium maculatum) In organic farming insect pest management is a holistic and Coriander Aphids, spiders, Colorado area wide approach that largely depends on the ecological (Coriandrum sativum) beetle (repellent effect) processes and biodiversity in the agro-ecosystem, use of Spurge (Euphorbia sp.) Caterpillars, aphids biopesticides3 and pheromones.9 Since, the IPM tactics, White sweet clover principles and components must match with organic farming Colorado beetle systems in the current climate change scenario. The goal of (Melilotus albus) this strategy is to prevent pests from reaching economically Mint (Mentha sp.) Colorado beetle damaging levels without causing risk to the environment Tobacco (Nicotiana Aphids, mites, Colorado adapting the following successful IPM components: tabacum) beetle monitoring crops for pests, accurately identifying pests, developing economic thresholds, implementing integrated Black nightshade Aphids, mites, Colorado Solanum nigrum pest control tactics, and record keeping and evaluation. ( ) beetle, cabbage butterfly The limitation of resources, competition, parasitism, Yew (Taxus baccata) Various insects and predation are the aspects that reduce crop habitat Field penny-cress Bed bug (repellent) inappropriate for pests and diseases; and these workings (Thlaspi arvense) play an important role in keeping equilibrium of the agro- Common nettle ecosystem and conquest of harmful insect pests and Aphids, mites (Urtica dioica) ailments. Faunal and floral diversities play a considerable Mullein role in pest and disease controlling in organic farming Colorado beetle system, based on the principles of deterrence, evasion, (Verbascum phlomoides) monitoring, and destruction. Insect Pest Management: Organic vs. Conventional Repellent Effects on Insect Pests Systems This method relies on certain plant features to secret Organic growers have only a few options available for plant certain substances on their surfaces or in air with repulsive protection compared to conventional one who exclusively or destructive effects on insects’ pests. These plants depend on the use synthetic chemicals. Therefore organic are cultivated in field or associated with crops or grow growers are bound to capitalize on the natural processes naturally on boarders of the crop field. The products used and besides the management of ecosystem to control Dar SA et al. 3 Int. J. Agric. Env. Sustain. 2021; 3(1) pests. Organic farms had a more varied arthropod fauna the field. Weeds could be effortlessly recognized using key on average than predictable farms. Further, the natural and field guides. Monitoring is the even review or scouting enemies (parasitoids, predators, birds and other non- of field crops for pests, comprising insects, pathogens, arthropod insect pest predators) were more abundant nematodes and weeds, to regulate their abundance and on organic farms, as the habitat for natural enemies’ level of impairment. It helps as an early cautionary system establishment is well conserved. Arthropod biodiversity, for the incidence of pests and diseases providing evidence as measured by species richness, was, on average, 1/3 grater for decision-making concerning management action and on organic farms than on conventional farms. The essential assessment of control methods. Insect pests can be checked constituents and natural procedures of ecosystems in organic through visual observation, pheromone & light traps, sticky farming such as soil organism activities, nutrient cycling and traps, water traps, yellow traps, sweep nets, beating trays species distribution & competition, are used unswervingly and pitfall traps. Scouting data are used to develop eco- and tortuously as farm management
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