DOCSLIB.ORG

CANNABIS: an Introduction for Healthcare Providers by Terry Willard Clh, Phd & Jeananne Laing Clh

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
CANNABIS: an Introduction for Healthcare Providers by Terry Willard Clh, Phd & Jeananne Laing Clh Wild Rose College of Natural Healing CANNABIS: An Introduction for Healthcare Providers By Terry Willard ClH, PhD & Jeananne Laing ClH CannaBis: An Introduction for Healthcare Providers Methods of Consumption There are many different methods to consume cannabis. The prominent ways for intake are: 1. Inhalation 2. Ingestion 3. Sublingual 4. Suppository 5. Absorption A few things to consider when choosing the right method for the user: THE USER’s: • Age • Genetics • THC Experience (tolerance) • Purpose of use (goal) • Current & Past Health History • Current meds (pharma) • Form the cannabis is in It is important to note that it is not a ‘one-size-fits-all’ medicine. It can be a highly individualized to best fit the user’s goals. Wild Rose College of Natural Healing 1 Terry Willard Cl.H PhD. ©2020 Wild Rose College of Natural Healing CANNABIS: An Introduction for Healthcare Providers By Terry Willard ClH, PhD & Jeananne Laing ClH No matter which method of consumption, ‘low and slow’ is the most important thing to consider. Start with quite low dosage and slowly increase if the goal is not achieved. Starting with ¼ dosage is a good place to start and increase every 2 – 5 days if the goal is not achieved. As a person gets use to the cannabis, often the tolerance goes up and a person needs more cannabis to get the same effect. Some people take up to a week to acclimate to a dosage level. THE MEDICINE: • Strain Category (Indica, Sativa, Hybrid, CBD) • Cannabinoid Profile (THC, CBD, and others) • Ratio THC/CBD • Terpene Profile METHODS Juicing Some people like to take in the raw herb in the form of a juice. In the past this was considered a non-starter, as most people were looking for the THC levels. Since there is no THC in the plant (only its acid precursors), people said juicing didn’t work. True. If you want THC, cannabis material has to be carboxalized (transformed by heat). Nonetheless, the phytocannabinoid acids in the plant have an array of uses on their own. CBD can be made in the body directly from the acid. In most people, they obtain a critical dosage of CBD, with less amount of cannabis (a cost saving). CBDA (cannaBidiolic acid) THCA (tetrahydrocannaBinolic acid) • Non-psychotropic for most people • the ‘raw’ cannabinoids • Anti-inflammatory • Antioxidant Wild Rose College of Natural Healing 2 Terry Willard Cl.H PhD. ©2020 Wild Rose College of Natural Healing CANNABIS: An Introduction for Healthcare Providers By Terry Willard ClH, PhD & Jeananne Laing ClH • Anticancer • Strong immune booster • Improved intestinal function • Improved neural function • Neuroprotective • Rebuilds bone • The body does not convert THCA to THC (that happens through a heating process outside the body) • However, the body can convert CBDA into CBD, especially when taking juice from the fresh leaves • Drinking juiced fresh cannabis leaves creates up to 4x more serum CBD than other methods of consumption • Juice has a short shelf life 4-12 hours • It can be frozen. • Best consumed with other fresh juices • CBDA shows promise as an anticonvulsant, anti-nausea and anti- emetic agent, analgesic and anti-inflammatory. • CBDA may also have antibacterial, antioxidant and cancer preventing properties Inhalation This is by far the most popular method of ingestion, partly due to tradition, but it does create the quickest effect. When taking cannabis into the body through the lungs there is a quick onset 3-5 mins, with effects lasting 2-4 hours. The problem is inhaling may aggravate chronic bronchitis. Vaporizing vs Smoking: • Vaporizers heat the dried cannabis enough to boil (turn to vapor) cannabinoids, terpenes and some flavonoids, but not hot enough to combust, thus avoiding the carcinogens associated with inhaling smoke • Easier for patients to manage their dosage • It is considered one of the best routes to get the entourage effect, as on some vaporizers you can specify the temperature, thus obtain certain terpenes. • It often increases scent and especially taste, increasing pleasure to many patients • Patients that have problems with coughing from other forms of inhaling may find vaporizing less of a problem. • The temperature is substantially lower in vaporizing than smoking • Plasma concentrations for THC and CBD are the same whether smoked or vaporized • Vaporizing uses a lot less product Wild Rose College of Natural Healing 3 Terry Willard Cl.H PhD. ©2020 Wild Rose College of Natural Healing CANNABIS: An Introduction for Healthcare Providers By Terry Willard ClH, PhD & Jeananne Laing ClH Vaping is not Vaporizing: Do not confuse e-cigarette (with e-juice) type ‘vaping’ devices with cannabis vaporizers that are specifically designed for use with dried cannabis flowers. • Note that the term ‘vaping’ has come to be associated with e- cigarette type devices, • Several brands of cannabis e-cigarettes are available in the unregulated market, • Often these cannabis e-cigarettes contain highly potent THC products dissolved in toxic solvents used in the manufacturing process. • Vape products that contain a liquid form of cannabis are unregulated and currently not legal. Wild Rose College of Natural Healing 4 Terry Willard Cl.H PhD. ©2020 Wild Rose College of Natural Healing CANNABIS: An Introduction for Healthcare Providers By Terry Willard ClH, PhD & Jeananne Laing ClH Boiling temperatures of Cannabis’ common cannabinoids, terpenes, flavinoids & phytosterols CBG (Cannabigerol) 52°C 126°F CBDV (cannabidivarin) 65°C 149°F THCA (tetrahydrocannabinolic acid) decarb starts at 90°C* 90°C 194°F Humulene 107°C 225°F Caryophyllene 129°C 264°F CBDA (cannabidiolic acid) decarb starts at 80°C* 130°C 266°F Beta-sitosterol (phytosterol) 134°C 273°F Pinene 155°C 311°F THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) 157°C 315°F Myrcene 167°C 333°F Limonene 176°C 349°F Apigenin (flavinoid) 178°C 352°F CBD (cannabidiol) (160°C - 180°C) 180°C 356°F Cannflavin (flavinoid) 182°C 360°F CBN (cannabinol) 185°C 365°F Terpinolene 187°C 369°F Linalool 198°C 388°F CBC (cannabichromene) 220°C 428°F THCV (tetrahydrocannabivarin) 220°C 428°F Terpineol 221°C 430°F Combustion (200°C - 230°C) 230°C 451°F Quercetin (flavinoid) 250°C 482°F *NOTE: It takes "3 hours at 100°C to convert THCA fully into THC and 4 hours at 98°C. At high temperatures above 160°C only about 10 minutes and at 200°C only seconds are needed to convert THCA fully into THC." REFERENCES: 1 US National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information, PubChem Open Chemistry database. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ 2 McPartland, John & Russo, Ethan. (2001). Cannabis and cannabis extracts: Greater than the sum of their parts?. J Cannabis Therapeutics. 1. 103-132. 10.1300/J175v01n03_08. 3 Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/ 4 Project CBD. www.projectcbd.org 5 Cerilliant Analytical Reference Standards. www.cerilliant.com 6 Kerstin Iffland, Michael Carus and Dr. med. Franjo Grotenhermen, nova-Institut GmbH. Decarboxylation of Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) to active THC. http://eiha.org/media/2014/08/16-10-25-Decarboxylation-of- THCA-to-active-THC.pdf Wild Rose College of Natural Healing 5 Terry Willard Cl.H PhD. ©2020 Wild Rose College of Natural Healing CANNABIS: An Introduction for Healthcare Providers By Terry Willard ClH, PhD & Jeananne Laing ClH Ingestion • Cannabis taken into the body through the digestive system. • Offers a slow onset 30 – 90 mins, due to being processed through the digestive system and liver. • The liver enzymes can change the chemistry and metabolite of the cannabis a great deal, thus the effect is often different than inhaling • Ingested cannabis can be much more potent than inhaled … always use caution with a new product or a THC-sensitive person. • Effects last 6-10 hours • Oils, tinctures (alcohol/glycerin), baking, drinks, tea, gummies, lollipops, capsules (oils, decarbed powder) • Wait at least 4 - 8 hours between doses • Must be taken with fatty food because cannabinoids are fat-soluble and won’t be effective unless properly digested. • If ingested cannabis is not properly digested, the person may not feel the effects from that dose until the next time they eat, which could be 12 – 14 hours later. Bad news if your cannabis dose for sleeping doesn’t kick in until you eat breakfast! Sublingual • Taken into the body by allowing it to absorb under the tongue. • Medium onset 20 - 40 mins • The effects last 4 - 8 hours • Works best with alcohol tinctures better than oil-based infusion • High alcohol concentration can cause reactions with tender tissue under the tongue • Technology used in the supplement industry will soon be used to create truly sublingual cannabis tablets • Always inquire about the solvent used to create concentrates such as phoenix tears or RSO • Though acetone (commonly used as nail polish remover) is a potent solvent, and strips most everything from the plant (the good and the bad) into a concentration, it will also concentrate molds, leftover fertilizers and pesticides, and other contaminants. Suppository • Taken into the body through the rectum or vagina • The potential for impairment can be more pronounced for some or not impairing at all for others USE CAUTION! Wild Rose College of Natural Healing 6 Terry Willard Cl.H PhD. ©2020 Wild Rose College of Natural Healing CANNABIS: An Introduction for Healthcare Providers By Terry Willard ClH, PhD & Jeananne Laing ClH • Used in cancer treatment as a way to get larger amount of cannabis medicine into the body Absorption (Topical Application) • Taken into the body through the skin. • Psychoactivity is rare with salves and creams but THC-sensitive people are prone to impairment. • Best for surface or muscle conditions. • Can reapply as needed • Alcohol rubs / liniments absorb more readily and needs to be used with caution as psycho-activity more likely to occur Wild Rose College of Natural Healing 7 Terry Willard Cl.H PhD.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Identification of an Unknown Constituent in Hemp-Derived Extract Using Reversed-Phase Orthogonal Methodology
    34 February / March 2018 Identification of an Unknown Constituent in Hemp-Derived Extract Using Reversed-Phase Orthogonal Methodology by Catharine E. Layton*, Shawn C. Helmueller and Andrew J. Aubin Waters Corporation, 34 Maple St. Milford, MA, 01757, USA *Corresponding author: [email protected] The analysis of Cannabis sativa L. extracts can pose significant challenges due to complexities derived from extraction efficiency, cultivar genetic influences, and environmental factors such as weather and growing conditions. With over 400 constituents in the cannabis plant as a whole, potentially synergistic bioactive relationships are actively being investigated. The ‘entourage effect’ is an enhanced effect derived from a combination of two or more bioactive compounds. When referencing this phenomenon in the discussion of cannabis, this term usually is applied to cannabis strains selectively bred for target ratios of the most popular synergistic cannabinoids; such as cannabidiol (CBD) and (−)-trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9 THC), although more recently, it has been applied to low Δ9 THC cannabis varieties classified as hemp. The goal of this manuscript is to demonstrate an approach for identification of an unknown constituent, present in a significant amount, in hemp-derived extract by employing orthogonal, reversed phase separation techniques on a fast, highly efficient Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) platform. Introduction cannabis varieties classified as hemp [7,8]. for a significant number of infused cannabis products [14]. Factors which influence Cannabis is a complex plant with over Cannabinoids accumulate in the secretory inaccurate results may be attributed 400 chemical entities of which more than cavity of the glandular trichomes, which are to inadequate sampling procedures, 60 are cannabinoid compounds [1].
    [Show full text]
  • Hemp Chemistry
    An Introduction to HempHemp ChemistryChemistry andand LabLab ResultsResults Daniel Jackson and Jason Lessl, Agricultural and Environmental Services Lab Timothy Coolong and Noelle Fuller, Department of Horticulture Background With the passage of the 2018 U.S. Farm Bill, industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) was declassified as a Schedule I drug and is now legal (with restrictions) for production in the U.S. Hemp and marijuana are both Cannabis sativa but are distinguished from each other based on the concentration of the psychoactive compound, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Industrial hemp is defined by law as a cannabis plant with total THC concentrations on a dry weight basis of less than 0.3% (+/- a measurement of uncertainty). Total THC includes the sum of delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and its acidic precursor, delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinnolic acid (Δ9-THCA) (multiplied by a correction factor). Cannabis plants with THC levels greater than 0.3% (plus a measure of uncertainty) are classified as marijuana, which is currently listed as a Schedule I controlled substance. Industrial hemp is a versatile crop offering many potential uses including production for food, fiber, fuel, or for medicinal properties. This publication will focus primarily on the production of industrial hemp for medicinal products. Currently, much of the industrial hemp being grown in the U.S. is to produce cannabidiol (CBD), a nonpsychoactive cannabinoid compound with reported antioxidative and anti- inflammatory properties. In addition to CBD, growers and processors have an interest in a broad spectrum of cannabinoids that will be discussed later in this publication. Testing these compounds is critical because growers and processors are ultimately attempting to produce industrial hemp with the highest amount of CBD or other cannabinoids without exceeding the legal limits of total THC.
    [Show full text]
  • Sequence Heterogeneity of Cannabidiolic- and Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid-Synthase in Cannabis Sativa L. and Its Relationship with Chemical Phenotype
    Phytochemistry xxx (2015) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Phytochemistry journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/phytochem Sequence heterogeneity of cannabidiolic- and tetrahydrocannabinolic acid-synthase in Cannabis sativa L. and its relationship with chemical phenotype a b a, Chiara Onofri , Etienne P.M. de Meijer , Giuseppe Mandolino ⇑ a Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria, Centro di Ricerca per le Colture Industriali, via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy b GW Pharmaceuticals PLC, Ground Floor South Wing, Kingsgate House, Newbury Road, Andover SP10 4DU, United Kingdom article info abstract Article history: Sequence variants of THCA- and CBDA-synthases were isolated from different Cannabis sativa L. strains Received 2 October 2014 expressing various wild-type and mutant chemical phenotypes (chemotypes). Expressed and complete Received in revised form 21 March 2015 sequences were obtained from mature inflorescences. Each strain was shown to have a different Available online xxxx specificity and/or ability to convert the precursor CBGA into CBDA and/or THCA type products. The comparison of the expressed sequences led to the identification of different mutations, all of them due Keywords: to SNPs. These SNPs were found to relate to the cannabinoid composition of the inflorescence at maturity Cannabis sativa L. and are therefore proposed to have a functional significance. The amount of variation was found to be Cannabaceae higher within the CBDAS sequence family than in the THCAS family, suggesting a more recent evolution Chemotypes SNPs of THCA-forming enzymes from the CBDAS group. We therefore consider CBDAS as the ancestral type of Cannabinoids these synthases.
    [Show full text]
  • Cannabigerol Is a Potential Therapeutic Agent in a Novel Combined Therapy for Glioblastoma
    Supplemental material Cannabigerol is a potential therapeutic agent in a novel combined therapy for glioblastoma Tamara T. Lah, Metka Novak, Milagros A. Pena Almidon, Oliviero Marinelli, Barbara Žvar Baškovič, Bernarda Majc, Mateja Mlinar, Roman Bošnjak, Barbara Breznik, Roby Zomer, and Massimo Nabissi Figure S1. Biosynthesis and metabolism of cannabigerol (CBG). The enzyme prenyltransferase catalyses the conversion of olivetolic acid into CBG in the cannabis plant. CBG is the intermediate biosynthetic precursor of delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)‐acid and cannabidiol (CBD)‐acid and is converted to THC, CBD, and cannabichromene (CBC), which is then converted into THC, CBD, or CBG by specific synthases (adapted from [30]). Cells 2021, 10, 340. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10020340 www.mdpi.com/journal/cells Cells 2021, 10, 340 2 of 3 Figure S2. Cell death determination by flow cytometry using Annexin V‐FITC and propidium iodide staining. Cells (U87 and NCH44) were treated with IC50 concentrations of compounds CBG, CBD, and THC for 48 h. Cells were labelled with Annexin V‐FITC and propidium iodide and analysed by flow cytometry. The dot blots represent the results from three biological repeats. Table S1: High‐performance liquid chromatography purity results for the CBG, CBD, and THC solutions used in this study. Cannabinoids Cannabinoids Cannabinoids Concentration Concentration Concentration in CBG in CBD in CBD (mg/ml) (mg/ml) (mg/ml) solution solution solution CBDVA BDL* CBDVA BDL* CBDVA BDL* CBDV BDL* CBDV BDL* CBDV BDL* CBDA BDL*
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of Cannabinoid-Containing Fluids in Illicit Vaping Cartridges Recovered from Pulmonary Injury Patients: Identification of Vitamin E Acetate As a Major Diluent
    toxics Article Analysis of Cannabinoid-Containing Fluids in Illicit Vaping Cartridges Recovered from Pulmonary Injury Patients: Identification of Vitamin E Acetate as a Major Diluent Bryan Duffy 1, Lingyun Li 1, Shijun Lu 1,2, Lorie Durocher 1, Mark Dittmar 1, Emily Delaney-Baldwin 1, Deepika Panawennage 1, David LeMaster 3, Kristen Navarette 4,5 and David Spink 1,2,* 1 Laboratory of Organic Analytical Chemistry, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201, USA; bryan.duff[email protected] (B.D.); [email protected] (L.L.); [email protected] (S.L.); [email protected] (L.D.); [email protected] (M.D.); [email protected] (E.D.-B.); [email protected] (D.P.) 2 Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA 3 Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201, USA; [email protected] 4 Center for Environmental Health, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201, USA; [email protected] 5 Albany Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Albany, NY 12208, USA * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-518-486-2530 Received: 3 December 2019; Accepted: 17 December 2019; Published: 24 January 2020 Abstract: Beginning in June of 2019, there was a marked increase in reported cases of serious pulmonary injury associated with vaping. The condition, referred to as e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI), does not appear to involve an infectious agent; rather, a chemical adulterant or contaminant in vaping fluids is suspected.
    [Show full text]
  • Cannabidiolic-Acid Synthase, the Chemotype-Determining Enzyme in the Fiber-Type Cannabis Sativa
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector FEBS Letters 581 (2007) 2929–2934 Cannabidiolic-acid synthase, the chemotype-determining enzyme in the fiber-type Cannabis sativa Futoshi Taura*, Supaart Sirikantaramas1, Yoshinari Shoyama, Kazuyoshi Yoshikai, Yukihiro Shoyama, Satoshi Morimoto Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan Received 14 February 2007; accepted 15 May 2007 Available online 25 May 2007 Edited by Mark Stitt and chronic neurodegeneration [5,6]. Thus, cannabinoids such Abstract Cannabidiolic-acid (CBDA) synthase is the enzyme that catalyzes oxidative cyclization of cannabigerolic-acid into as THC and CBD are regarded as promising medicinal re- CBDA, the dominant cannabinoid constituent of the fiber-type sources for treating various diseases [7]. Cannabis sativa. We cloned a novel cDNA encoding CBDA syn- Cannabinoids are classified into two types, neutral cannabi- thase by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reactions noids and cannabinoid acids, based on whether they contain with degenerate and gene-specific primers. Biochemical charac- a carboxyl group or not. It is known that, in fresh plants, the terization of the recombinant enzyme demonstrated that CBDA concentrations of neutral cannabinoids are much lower than synthase is a covalently flavinylated oxidase. The structural and those of cannabinoid acids. Thus, THC and CBD are derived functional properties of CBDA synthase are quite similar to artificially from their acidic precursors tetrahydrocannabin- those of tetrahydrocannabinolic-acid (THCA) synthase, which olic-acid (THCA) and cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) by non- is responsible for the biosynthesis of THCA, the major cannab- enzymatic decarboxylation [8,9] (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Cultivating with of Testing Live-Dead Materials For
    A PUBLICATION JUL/AUG 2020 I www.terpenesandtesting.com TERPENES HORTICULTURE CHEMISTRY & ANALYTICS Certified Stats 101 Reference Understanding Accuracy, Precision, Error, and Uncertainty MATERIALS FOR THE Cannabis Industry Who Makes Your Standards? Solving qPCR’s LIVE-DEAD Problem Welcoming the Grim Reefer The Nuances OF TESTING Cannabis Mastering the Matrix CULTIVATING WITH Cannabaceae Cannabis, Hops, and a Hazy, Happy Family Reunion Developing Better Products through Natural Chemistry Penta Manufacturing Company is Family Owned and Operated for Over 40 Years. Here is a partial listing of our Family of Antioxidant ingredients utilized in flavor & fragrance formulations. For detailed paperwork on all of our items consult our web site at www.pentamfg.com investing in the future ■ Acetal ■ 2,4-Octadienal ■ Propyl Mercaptan ■ 5,6,7,8- ■ Turpentine ■ Acetic Acid ■ 3-Octanol ■ Propyl-2- Tetrahydroquinoxaline ■ L-Tyrosine ■ Acetol ■ Trans-2-Octenal MethylButyrate ■ 2,3,5,6-Tetramethyl ■ 2,4-Undecadienal ■ Acetone ■ 2-Octen-4-One ■ Propyl ThioAcetate Pyrazine ■ Delta-Undecalactone ■ Acetyl Butyryl ■ 3-Octyl Acetate ■ D-Pulegone ■ Theaspirane ■ Trans-2-Undecenal ■ Allyl Heptoate ■ Octyl Butyrate ■ Pyrazine Ethanethiol ■ Theobromine ■ Undecylenic Acid ■ Acetophenone ■ Oleic Acid ■ 2-Pyridine Methanethiol ■ 2,2-(Thiodimethylene) ■ Valencene ■ Alpha-Damascone ■ Piperine ■ Quinine Difuran ■ Gamma-Valerolactone Are You ■ Beta-Damascone ■ Prenyl Acetate ■ Rhodinol ■ Thiogeraniol ■ Valeraldehyde 3,4-Dimethyl-1, ■ Prenyl Mercaptan ■ D-Ribose ■ Thiophenol
    [Show full text]
  • Marialuisa Formato, Giuseppina Crescente, Monica Scognamiglio
    molecules Review (-)-Cannabidiolic Acid, a Still Overlooked Bioactive Compound: An Introductory Review and Preliminary Research Marialuisa Formato 1, Giuseppina Crescente 1, Monica Scognamiglio 1 , Antonio Fiorentino 1 , Maria Tommasina Pecoraro 1, Simona Piccolella 1 , Michelina Catauro 2 and Severina Pacifico 1,* 1 Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; [email protected] (M.F.); [email protected] (G.C.); [email protected] (M.S.); antonio.fi[email protected] (A.F.); [email protected] (M.T.P.); [email protected] (S.P.) 2 Department of Engineering, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Roma 29, I-81031 Aversa, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: severina.pacifi[email protected] Academic Editor: Laura De Martino Received: 1 May 2020; Accepted: 4 June 2020; Published: 5 June 2020 Abstract: Cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) is the main phytocannabinoid in fiber and seed-oil hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) plants, but its potential health-related capabilities have been masked for years by a greater scientific interest towards its neutral derivative cannabidiol (CBD). This review aims to collect from the literature and critically discuss all the information about this molecule, starting from its biosynthesis, and focusing on its bioactivity, as an anti-inflammatory, anti-emetic, anti-convulsant, and anti-cancerogenic drug. Furthermore, in the awareness that, despite its multiple bioactive effects, currently poor efforts have been made to achieve its reliable purification, herein, we propose a relatively simple, fast, and inexpensive procedure for its recovery from pollen of industrial hemp cultivars. Spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques allowed us to unequivocally identify pure isolated CBDA and to distinguish it from the constitutional isomer tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA-A).
    [Show full text]
  • Master Slide Deck
    Cannabis Law & Policy Virtual Summit April 21, 2019 Kick Off Remarks New York Attorney General North Dakota Attorney General Tish James Wayne Stenehjem Attorney General Alliance: 43 Members and Participating States Cannabis Project Study legislation and regulation Educate members on emerging trends Convene forums for discussion Supported by AG Advisory Council Industry Working Group Attorney General Authority Panelists Micah Tapman – BDS Analytics Alissa Gardenswartz – Brownstein Hyatt Farber Schreck Agustin Rodriguez and Bill Hurd – Troutman Sanders Jerry Kilgore – Cozen O’Connor, Former Attorney General of Virginia Micah Tapman BDS Analytics Who is average cannabis user and what are the national market projections BDSA MARKET OVERVIEW AG Alliance Cannabis Project Cannabis Law & Policy Virtual Summit April 21, 2020 ©2020 BDS Analytics | CONFIDENTIAL CANNABIS MARKET: THREE DEDICATED CHANNELS + CBD CONVENTIONAL Purchasing through specific retailers licensed at the state level (THC) – CBD loosely regulated • FDA approved • Epidiolex (GW Pharma) Medicinal (Pharma) • Epilepsy focused Conventional (CBD) • CBD compound • Nutraceutical or functional food analog Medical/Wellness • Not FDA approved or doctor prescribed • Commonly used for pain/sleep/anxiety/etc. • Sold in conventional channels & online • Licensed retailers • FDA approved topical use (not ingestion) • Larger retailers abiding by FDA guidelines • Smaller retailers ignoring ingestion prohibition • Analog to alcohol • Confusion rampant among consumers on benefits • Dosage ~5-10mg/serving and risks Recreational/Adult Use • 21+ age restriction on purchase • Licensed retailers (dispensaries) ©2020 BDS Analytics | CONFIDENTIAL 7 $15 BILLION GROWING TO $47 BILLION IN FIVE YEARS Worldwide Cannabis Market Size Forecast • Growth driven by $50 • Need/want – wellness & relaxation as primary motivators • Awareness – general knowledge and acceptance of cannabis $45 products and their benefits $40 • Availability – shift to trusted legal purchasing sources $35 • THC, CBD, CBG, CBN, etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Pharmacokinetics of Phytocannabinoid Acids and Anticonvulsant Effect of Cannabidiolic Acid in a Mouse Model of Dravet Syndrome
    This is an open access article published under a Creative Commons Non-Commercial No Derivative Works (CC-BY-NC-ND) Attribution License, which permits copying and redistribution of the article, and creation of adaptations, all for non-commercial purposes. Article Cite This: J. Nat. Prod. XXXX, XXX, XXX−XXX pubs.acs.org/jnp Pharmacokinetics of Phytocannabinoid Acids and Anticonvulsant Effect of Cannabidiolic Acid in a Mouse Model of Dravet Syndrome † ‡ † † § † ⊥ Lyndsey L. Anderson, , Ivan K. Low, Samuel D. Banister, , Iain S. McGregor, , † ‡ and Jonathon C. Arnold*, , † Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia ‡ Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia § School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia ⊥ School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia ABSTRACT: Cannabis sativa produces a complex mixture of many bioactive molecules including terpenophenolic compounds known as phytocannabinoids. Phytocannabinoids come in neutral forms (e.g., Δ9- tetrahydrocannabinol, THC; cannabidiol, CBD; etc.) or as acid precursors, which are dominant in the plant (e.g., Δ9-tetrahydrocanna- binolic acid, THCA; cannabidiolic acid, CBDA; etc.). There is increasing interest in unlocking the therapeutic applications of the phytocannabi- noid acids; however, the present understanding of the basic pharmacology of phytocannabinoid acids is limited. Herein the brain and plasma pharmacokinetic profiles of CBDA, THCA, cannabichro- menic acid (CBCA), cannabidivarinic acid (CBDVA), cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), and cannabigerovarinic acid (CBGVA) were examined following intraperitoneal administration in mice.
    [Show full text]
  • Universidade Estadual De Maringá
    INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE CIÊNCIAS DA SAÚDE EGAS MONIZ ERASMUS MUNDUS MASTERS IN FORENSIC SCIENCE ASSESSMENT OF NEURONAL CYTOTOXICITY OF JWH-073 AND JWH-250 Work submitted by Carlos Victor Montefusco Pereira for the obtaining of the Master's Degree in Forensic Science Work supervised by Dr. Alexandre Quintas M.Sc. Joana Couceiro July 2014 Dedicated to each deep breath my mom Heloísa and my father Pompeu had to bear my behavior these last few years, to the people of the Amazonas region, my home, and my proud to be South-American native Acknowledgments Thank you God for being by my side always and everywhere. Thank you mom and dad for supporting my idea of leaving the perfect place I had with you. Thank you sis, Naísa Karla, and bro, Renanzinho, for never stop loving me. Thank you to my great grandmothers Nair and Luzia. Thank you to my uncle Afonso and my grandfathers João and Afonso (in memoriam). Thank you to all the members and ‘aggregates’ (Meire Motta too) of the Montefusco Family. Thank you to the Silva Family (Regina, Deolinda [Carlos e Guilerme], Gerson [Andreza, Bia, Rapha], Ricardo [Maricélia, Arthur e Tiago], Sérgio e Ellen Cristina), the Novo Family (Valéria, Luiz Alberto, Glaúria, Geísa, Neto, Júnior), the Dantas Family at Ribeirão Preto (Mariza, Graça e Lu), the Naveca Lima Family (Clotilde, Valéria, Sandra and family). Thank you to all my Brazilian friends that has not abandoned me yet, Adriano, Patrícia, Débora, Misael, Samuel, Jonas, Rodrigo, Edival, Aline Scalia, Júlia Calderoni, to all my former work colleagues from the Manaus Health City Office.
    [Show full text]
  • CANNABIDIOL (CBD) Pre-Review Report Agenda Item 5.2
    CANNABIDIOL (CBD) Pre-Review Report Agenda Item 5.2 Expert Committee on Drug Dependence Thirty-ninth Meeting Geneva, 6-10 November 2017 39th ECDD (2017) Agenda item 5.2 Cannabidiol (CBD) Contents Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................. 4 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 5 1. Substance identification ........................................................................................................ 6 A. International Nonproprietary Name (INN) ............................................................................ 6 B. Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) Registry Number .............................................................. 6 C. Other Chemical Names .......................................................................................................... 6 D. Trade Names .......................................................................................................................... 6 E. Street Names ........................................................................................................................... 6 F. Physical Appearance .............................................................................................................. 6 G. WHO Review History ............................................................................................................. 6 2. Chemistry ..............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]