STATUSAND MANAGEMENTOF ASIATICBLACK BEAR AND HIMALAYAN BROWNBEAR IN INDIA SAMBANDAMSATHYAKUMAR, Wildlife Institute of India,Post Box #18, Chandrabani,Dehra Dun 248 001, India,email:
[email protected] Abstract: I review the currentstatus of Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus)and Himalayanbrown bear (Ursus arctos) in Indiabased on a question- naire, interviews, and a literaturesurvey. The Himalayanregion and the hills of northeasternIndia probablysupport one of the largestpopulations of Asiatic black bear in Asia. Asiatic black bears live in forestedmountain habitats (1,200-3,300 m) in the states of Jammuand Kashmir,Himachal Pradesh,Uttaranchal, Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, West Bengal, Mizoram,Meghalaya, and Tripura.Asiatic black bearswere reportedto occur in 53 protectedareas (PAs) and in 62 otherlocalities, but theirpopulation status is not known. The potentialrange of Asiatic black bearhabitat in Indiais estimatedto be about 14,500 km2,of which <5% is in PAs. Asiatic black bear numbersare decreasingin many areas due to (1) large-scalehabitat degradation,(2) poaching for gall bladder and skins, and (3) control to reduce crop depredation. Very little informationexists on the relative abundanceof Himalayanbrown bear (Ursus arctos isabellinus)in India.The Himalayanbrown bear occurs in very low densities in the subalpineand alpine regions (>3,300 m) of the Greaterand Trans-Himalayanregions in India and has been reportedin the states of Jammuand Kashmir,Himachal Pradesh,and Uttaranchal.They are reportedto occur in 23 PAs and in 18 otherlocalities. Theirpotential habitat range in Indiais estimatedat 4,300 km2,of which very little is protected.Questionnaire results indicate that therehas been a marginaldecline in Asiatic black bear relative abundance, but informationfor brown bear is insufficient to elucidate a trend.