DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan and Amendment to the GWRC Parks Network Plan

DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan and amendment to the GWRC Parks Network Plan

He Taonga mo tatou Lakes & wetlands of national significance senior officersfromGreater WellingtonRegionalCouncil (GWRC). Te RoopuKaitiakiconsistsofthreetrusteesPortNicholsonBlockSettlementTrust(PNBST)and Members ofTe RoopuTiaki Aidan, http://www.flickr.com/photos/31909437@N00/2738703326 Cover Image:An aerialviewofPencarrow LighthouseandtheParangarahu Lakes,lookingnortheast. PNBST Trustee Mark Te One

PNBST Trustee Puketapu Te Rira(Teri) PNBST Trustee Liz Mellish GWRC Biodiversity Manager Tim Porteous Mihi &acknowledgments byRoopuTiaki GWRC Environment Manager General Nigel Corry GWRC Manager Parks Amanda Cox

1 DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan 2 DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan Taiao) highlightssome oftheuniquelandscape, The NaturalEnvironment section(Section 4Te written) preserved. landscape isunderstoodandtheir histories(oraland significance oftheculturaland naturalfeaturesofthe in accordancewithkaitiakitanga principles.Thatthe and otherwaahi taongaoftheParangarahu Lakes Area the historicandculturalheritage,sitesofsignificance the needtoprotectthisheritage: (tree carvings).ManagementObjective 4reflects the importanceofkarakatreesanddendroglyphs reconnection withthelakesareaandasectionon Taranaki Whānuihistoryofconnection,lossand native reserve blockhistorytodemonstratethe It includesanoverview oftheParangarahu with theareathatisperhapslesswell known. aspects ofMāorihistoryandvalues associated Section 3(MahiTangata) providesaninsightinto in Section2. in thecontextofMoemoeā-Vision framework Mouri Ora.Theseprinciplesarefurtherexplained Integrated CatchmentManagement Approach; and Lakes Area are:Kaitiakitanga;Co-Management; principles formanagementoftheParangarahu for sustaininghumanwell-being. Theguiding nurturing biodiversity, forregeneratinglife,and be recognisedandsoughtafterasaplacefor and thewetlands andlakesthemselves will that thecombinedcatchmentsofLakes names ofthetwoLakesanditisaspirational The useoftheterm‘kohanga’buildson nurturing lifeandwellbeing’. plan. KohangaOramaybeinterpretedas‘anest developed toachieve theMoemoeā-Vision ofthe agencies, landownersandcommunitygroupsare Objective 8:Strategicpartnershipsbetween Moemoeā-Vision. ThisisreflectedbyManagement progress towards achievingthe‘Kohanga Ora’ manage theParangarahu Lakes Area andto strong relationshipswithotherstosuccessfully of theRoopuTiaki.TheTiakineeds Council undertheguidanceandleadership Conservation andGreaterWellington Regional and staffofHuttCityCouncil,Department Whānui, community groups, interested individuals kōrero withmembersoftheiwiTaranaki The planhasbeendeveloped jointlythrough Pencarrow Lighthouseislocated. Rae-akiaki (Pencarrow Head)wherethehistoric harbour entrance,nestledbehindthedistinctive Te Wellington’s SoutheastCoastadjacenttothemain area ofnationalsignificanceandlocatedalong Lakes area.Thelakesandwetlands arean Lake KohangateraandthebroaderParangarahu protecting thetaongaofLakeKohangapiripiriand to develop asharedvisionforpreservingand the intertwiningofmultipleintereststrands This draftco-managementplanistheresultof The strengthofaropeisinitsmanystrands. Executive Summary Protect andmanage Legislation under theReserves Act 1977and recreational pursuits atParangarahu Lakes Area. and management of,customaryactivities and outlines therulesrelatingto theprovisionfor, Section 7(Rulesforuseand development) implications. are likelytohave significantfunding andresource which contributetotheMoemoeā–Vision and not occurwithinthe10-year lifeofthisplanbut timeframe; andLong-termactionswhichmay or canwait tobeachieved withina3-10year actions thatrequirefundingbidstoachieve, within thenextthreeyears; Mediumpriority actions orthosethatrequireresourcesandfocus activities or‘businessasusual’;Immediatepriority objective, whichareprioritisedas:Current objectives andthespecificactionsforeach Section 6providesdetailsoftheeightmanagement nurtured fromtheexperience. natural environmentandtovisitorsbeingrefreshed Recreation opportunitiesleadtoappreciationofthe Whānui iwiandthecommunity. activities atthelakesandmanagementbyTaranaki Foster kaitiakitangaandgreaterparticipationin community andkaitiakiinterests:Objective 5: objectives reflecttheneedtobalancerecreation, the reserve land.Thefollowingmanagement of theCo-ManagementPlan astheyapplyto Amendment). Thiswillstatetherelevant policies a chapterontheParangarahu Lakes Area (PNP for theregionalparksandforests)willinclude GWRC Parks NetworkPlan (themanagementplan responsibility undertheReserves Act 1977.The in relationtoGWRC’sdelegatedmanagement of thereserves withintheParangarahu Lakes Area Section 5covers currentmanagementbyGWRC the Lakes. indigenous floraandfaunapopulationsinaround Lakes Area ecosystemtosustainvitalandhealthy maintain theecologicalintegrityofParangarahu Management Objective 1:Restorethemouriand of themourilakesandthisisreflectedin of theeelfisheryisconnectedtorestoration eel fisheryforcustomarypurposes.Restoration a longtermgoaltorestoretheonceabundant the openingoflakesatseaoutletswith priority issueforTaranaki Whānuiistoimprove animals andhumanactivities.Furthermore,a include aquaticweeks, terrestrialweeds, pest be addressed.Keyriskstotheecologicalintegrity rankings, therearestillrisk,threatsandissuesto ranked 47th.Notwithstandingthesenational Lake Kohangapirpiri’sconditionis‘high’and it at10thrankingoutofatotal206lakes;and nationally outstandingbotanicalvalues, placing Lake Kohangatera’sconditionis‘excellent’with very highlyonthenationalLakesSPIindex: based ona2011NIWA survey, thelakesareranked of theParangarahu Lakes Area. Forexample, features geological, ecologicalandculturalheritage Objective 7: Whānui andGreaterWellington RegionalCouncil. managers toachieve themutualgoalsofTaranaki aspirational andpracticalintheway itdirects is intendedtohave a10year lifespanandisboth systems usedbyGWRC.Theco-managementplan planning andreviewcyclethatalignstocurrent and includesanannualworkprogramme, implementation monitoringandreviewprovisions The finalsectionoftheplansetsout and Prohibitedactivities. Activities; Managedactivities;Restricted Allowed activities;Taranaki WhānuiKaitiaki resource consent. Activities arecategorisedas: (in theformofalease,licenceoreasement) as ofrightandothersthatrequireaconcession constraints onthetypeofactivitiesthatcanoccur Resource Management Act 1991providessome

3 DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan 4 DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan Section 7:Rulesforuseand development Section 6:ManagementObjectives and Actions Section 5:ManagementofthelandasaRegionalPark Section 4:Te Taiao –NaturalEnvironment Section 3: Section 2:Moemoeā–Vision Section 1:Introduction Executive Summary Table ofContents Post TreatySettlement-aneweraofpartnership(PNBST&GWRC) Parangarahu Lakes Area aspartofEastHarbourRegionalPark Parangarahu Blockreserve landtitleandalienationhistory Early Māori He KōreroWhakamarama Framework oftheRoopuTiakiMoemoeā–Vision Moemoeā –Vision Structure oftheManagementPlan Governance rolesandmanagementresponsibilities Titles andlegalstatus Location Relationship tootherdocuments Process fordevelopment of plan Purpose ofthePlan Taranaki Whānuikaitiaki activities Allowed activities Threats Cultural heritageresources Flora Fauna Key Native Ecosystems Ecosystems Landscape andgeology Archaeological sites Mahi T

angata –humanactivitiesandlandtransactionsover theyears

45 45 45 39 37 35 33 32 28 28 28 27 27 23 23 22 16 15 15 13 12 11 11 11 8 7 7 6 6 6 6 2 Amendment totheGWRCParks NetworkPlan References Appendix 3:SubmissionFormandInformationonsubmission/workshopprocess Appendix 2:Recordedarchaeologicalsites Appendix 1:Listoflandsandlegaldescriptions Section 8:Implementationmonitoringandreview. Other Reading Archaeological Sources Review Reporting Monitoring Works programmingandfunding Rules applyingtoactivitiesintheParangarahu Lakes Area Prohibited Activities Restricted activities Managed activities

63 62 61 59 55 53 51 49 49 49 49 49 47 46 46 45

5 DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan 6 DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan Figure 1.KeyLegislation>StrategicPlanning/InfluentialdocumentsOperationalPlanning. Lakes Area apart. East HarbourRegionalPark ofwhichParangarahu plan fortheregionalparksandforests)includes The GWRCParks NetworkPlan (themanagement GWRC Parks NetworkPlan and documentsareshowninFigure1. Moemoeā-vision ofthisplan.Keylegislationplans the development andimplementationofthe documents willrequireconsiderationthroughout influence theCo-Management Plan. These and documentsthathave beendrawnonand There areanumberof Acts, planninginstruments Relationship tootherdocuments 1977. submission processrequiredbytheReserve Act members, andaformalconsultationwritten facilitate involvement byTaranaki Whānuiiwi incorporating facetoworkshopsandhui two- phaseprocesswas usedtodevelop theplan, GWRC staffandPNBSTadministrative support. A undertaken byaprojectteamwithsupportfrom The managementplandevelopment workwas Process fordevelopment ofplan achieve themutualgoalsoftwoparties. and practicalintheway itdirectsmanagersto policy andactions.Theplanisbothaspirational guiding principlesandthemanagementobjectives, of theParangarahu Lakes Area, settingthevision, Area. Itistheguidingdocumentformanagement by GWRCandPNBSTfortheParangarahu Lakes This planoutlinestheco-managementapproach Purpose ofthePlan Section 1:Introduction Conservation Act1987,PortNicholsonBlock(Taranaki WhänuikiTe UpokooTe Ika)ClaimsSettlementAct Resource Management Act 1991 (NPS, NES) Reserves Act 1977, Biosecurity Act 1993, Wildlife Act1953, Resource ManagementAct1991(NPS,NES)Reserves1977,Biosecurity1993,Wildlife 1 TheGWRCParks Network Regional andDistrictPlans,BiodiversityStrategy, RegionalPestManagementStrategy, Wellington ConservationManagement Strategy(1996) Parangarahu LakesConservationCovenant2009 Parangarahu LakesArea Co-Management Plan 2009, Local Government Act2002. 2009, LocalGovernment Operational Plans,KNEPlans GWRC ParksNetworkPlan Regional PolicyStatement PNBST StrategicPlan Parks NetworkPlan andPNBSTStrategicPlan The visionandguidingprinciplesofbothGWRC policies ofthisplan. Parks NetworkPlan andthespecificobjectives and will beguidedbythegeneralprovisionsof Act 1977.Inmanagementoftheseareas,GWRC management responsibilityundertheReserves reserve landforwhichGWRChasdelegated contained withinthisplanastheyapplytothe Lakes Area, providingtherelevant policies Plan willincludeasectionontheParangarahu Section 8:Implementation,monitoringandreview. providing appropriateon-goingsupport.See on priorityissuesundertheirjurisdictionand Term Plan to ensure GWRC is capable of delivering Plan willfeedintoandinfluencetheGWRCLong- It isanticipatedthatanumberofactionsinthis Long-Term Plans undertheLGA Plan (2013). implementation ofParangarahu Lakes Area KNE plan providespolicyandactionstoenablethe Key Native EcosystemPlans (KNEP)andthis 2011-2021, GWRCmaintainsoperationallevel the goalsofGWRCBiodiversity Strategy and habitatsofthreatenedspecies. effects ofresourceuseonindigenousecosystems protect indigenousbiodiversity andtocontrolthe Resource Management Act 1991tomaintainand GWRC alsohasresponsibilitiesunderthe Resource Management Act 1991 vision ofthisplan. were drawnupontocreatethesharedMoemoeā- 3 Guidedby 2

Map 1:Locationandlandmarks. participation. plan relieson adjacentlandowneragreement and success ofsometheactions proposedbythis on adjoininglandowners.The implementationand has nostatutoryweight andplaces noobligations of theParangarahu Lakescatchmentarea,thisplan Although someadjoiningprivate landformspart shown onMap2. owned byorvested inPNBSTandGWRCas status. Thisplanappliesspecificallytothetitles of landparcelsdifferentownershipandlegal The Parangarahu Lakes Area comprisesanumber Titles andlegalstatus Kohangatera. significant freshwater lakesKohangapiripiriand Behind thecoastalescarpmentlienationally historic Pencarrow Lighthouseislocated. Te Rae-akiaki(Pencarrow Head)wherethe harbour entrance,nestledbehindthedistinctive Wellington’s SoutheastCoastadjacentthemain The Parangarahu Lakes Area islocatedalong Location

7 DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan 8 DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan i The CrownStratumisdefinedinthe Port NicholsonBlock(Taranaki Reserve air above thelakebedisclassified asScientific comprising thespaceoccupied bywater and # Thecrownstratum,beingthatpartofthelakes material andtraditionalfoodplantsfibres. Taranaki Whānuitoremove medicinalplant the owner(PNBST)mayauthorisemembersof There isalsoaspecialconditionwhichmeans • • • • objectives ofthecovenant arefourfold: Reserves Act 1977conservation covenants. The Section 27Conservation Act 1987andSection77 former esplanadereserves andaresubjectto * Thesetitlescomprisethelakebedsand Map 2:TheParangarahuLakesArea landtitlesandownership pursuant tosection 26oftheReserves Act 1977. stratum reserves inanadministering body however itisstillpossibletovest thecrown Incl 0 Council City Hutt Owner: (A) E Title no.: CFR WN B2/620 WN CFR no.: Title (H) Road controlling authority: Hutt City Council City Hutt authority: controlling Road (H) Purpose: Sewer outfall Sewer Purpose: Title no.: CFR WND1/1106 CFR no.: Title Purpose: Drainage Purpose: (B) Owner: NZ Historic Places Trust Places Historic NZ Owner: (B) former Esplanade Reserve. Excludes Crown Stratum Stratum Crown Excludes Reserve. Esplanade former Purpose: Road Reserve (width 20.12m above MHW) above 20.12m (width Reserve Road Purpose: Purpose: Historic Reserve Historic Purpose: (C) Owner: Crown vested in GWRC GWRC in vested Crown Owner: (C) Title no.: CFR 488810 CFR no.: Title Scientific Reserve # Reserve Scientific (I) Owner: Crown. Managed by DOC by Managed Crown. Owner: (I) (E) Owner: PNBST Owner: (E) Purpose: Recreation Reserve Recreation Purpose: Purpose: Government Purpose Reserve (wildlife management) (wildlife Reserve Purpose Government Purpose: Title no.: CFR 498572 CFR no.: Title (D) Owner: PNBST Owner: (D) Purpose: Maori Reservation Maori Purpose: Title no.: CFR 503492 CFR no.: Title (F) Owner: GWRC Owner: (F) Subject to Conservation Covenant Conservation to Subject Title no.: CFR WN41A/384 CFR no.: Title Purpose: Recreation Reserve Recreation Purpose: (G) Owner: PNBST Owner: (G) Title no.: CFR 503493 CFR no.: Title Purpose: Subject to Conservation Covenant * Covenant Conservation to Subject Purpose: Includes the bed of Lake Kohangatera and former Esplandade Reserv Esplandade former and Kohangatera Lake of bed the Includes

xcludes Crown Stratum Scientific Reserve # Reserve Scientific Stratum Crown xcludes Wahnui ki Te Upoko o Te Ika)ClaimsSettlement Act 2009. udes the bed of Lake Kohangipipripiri and and Kohangipipripiri Lake of bed the udes Whānui tikanga. and appreciatedinaccordancewithTaranaki with theland,andensurethatlandisheld of Taranaki Whānui’sancientrelationship to providefortheenhancementandprotection their appreciationandrecreationalenjoyment providing freedomofaccesstothepublicfor habitat andhistoricvalues) environment, landscapeamenity,wildlife preserving thereserve values (natural historic qualities/resourcesofthearea) for conservation purposes(thenatural and i . DOChasnotsoughttitle to thestratum 0.5 * Kilometres 1 (B) ± (A) (C) e. e. (D) (H) (E) Whānui kiTe Upoko oTe Ika(Taranaki Whānui). and managethesettlement packagefor Taranaki PNBST was establishedin August 2008to receive Port NicholsonBlockSettlement Trust(PNBST) request fromGWRCorPNBST. Memorandum ofUnderstandingisavailable on senior staffmembersofGWRC. Acopyofthe comprised ofbothmembersfromPNBSTand annual workprogrammesfortheLakes.Itis of theParangarahu Lakes Area andadvisingon developing along-termvisionforthemanagement The RoopuTiakiisanadvisorybodytaskedwith Greater Wellington RegionalCouncil(GWRC). representing theiwiofTaranaki Whanui,and Port NicholsonBlockSettlementTrust(PNBST), a MemorandumofUnderstandingagreedbetween The RoopuTiakiwas establishedin2012 through Te RoopuTiaki have legislative responsibilities. involved becausetheyarelandownersbutmost the Parangarahu Lakes Area. Someagenciesare involved inthegovernance andmanagementof The followingsectiondescribestheorganisations responsibilities rolesGovernance andmanagement Area andadjacentlandsrefer Appendix 2. descriptions thatmakeuptheParangarahu Lakes For alistofthetitleswithrelevant legal (I) (G) Private land Private

(F) Park boundary Park Private land Private integrated for managementandcontrol purposes. area, including theparcelsheldbyDOC, willbe It istheintention,infuture, thatthewhole on thelakes. including theissuingofpermits foractivitiesinor administration oftheoutlet andCrownstratum, under theReserves Act 1977whileDOCretains The recreationreserve isvested toGWRC occupied bywater andairabove thelakebeds). and theCrownstratumofbothlakes(thespace recreation reserve, theoutletofLakeKohangatera land andassets.TheCrownownssomeofthe The DepartmentofConservation managesCrown Department ofConservation (DOC) Tiaki. Three GWRCseniorstaffaremembersofRoopu in theParangarahu Lakes Area. key guidingdocumentsforGWRCsinvolvement Parks NetworkPlan region’s mostimportantbiodiversity sites.GWRC area bothasaplaceofrecreationandonethe provide servicestoensuretheviabilityofthis Environmental Monitoringdepartmentsall GWRC Parks, Biodiversity, Biosecurity,and for theRegionalPlan whichcovers thisarea. Harbour RegionalPark. GWRCisalsoresponsible land atParangarahu Lakes Area aspartofEast number ofRegionalParks andForests,including GWRC isresponsibleforthemanagementofa Greater Wellington Regional Council(GWRC) by PNBST. Three membersoftheRoopuTiakiareappointed 4. 3. 2. 1. goals: The StrategicPlan ofPNBSTsetsoutfourstrategic Vision ofPNBSTis: Kohangapiripiri andtwodendroglyphsites.The esplanade reserves ofLake KohangateraandLake included ownershipofthelakebedsandformer into forceon2September2009.Part ofthepackage Upoko oTe Ika)ClaimsSettlement Act2009came Port NicholsonBlock(Taranaki WhānuikiTe ahurea papori,rangatiratangaoTaranaki Whānuikite Ki tewhakahou,whakapakarimewhakanikonikoi

cultural, socialandeconomicwell-being ofTaranaki To restore,revitalise,strengthenandenhancethe and environmentalwell-being. To restoreandenhanceournaturalresources To enhanceculturalwell-being. To achieve socialandwhanau well-being. economic andfinancial well-being. To maximisewealth creation andachieve Whānui kiteŪpokooIka. Ūpoko oteIka 5 andBiodiversity Strategy 4 6 are o tePoMaraeandWaiwhetu Marae).TheFisheries Wellington and Lower Hutt(PipiteaMarae, Tatau through thethreeTaranaki Whānuimaraein ii The Trust isregistered asacharitableentitywiththeCharities Vehicle Use2012-2017. basis ofthePencarrow CoastRoadPolicyfor use oftheroadisgrantedthroughHCCon of maintainingthesewer outfall.Permission for Lakes Area, andisownedbyHCCforthepurpose coast andistheprimaryaccesstoParangarahu the ocean.ThePencarrow CoastRoadfollowsthe and (mainly)residentialwaste anddischarges to Treatment Plant whichcollectstrade,commercial outlet. Thisserves theSeaviewWastewater located immediatelywest oftheKohangapiripiri HCC managesthePencarrow Headsewer outfall, implementation oftheDistrictPlan forthisarea. as theterritorialauthorityresponsiblefor area, aslandowner,infrastructureproviderand HCC holdanumberofresponsibilitiesforthis Hutt CityCouncil(HCC) under theReserves Act 1977 Wildlife Reserve (Map2(I))toScientificReserve reclassifying theexistingGovernment Purpose As thisplaniswritten,DOCintheprocessof management, freshwater fisheriesandpestcontrol. Lakes, forexample,culturalmaterials,species other matterssectionsrelevant to Parangarahu the DeedofSettlement,whichincludesamong signed ageneralrelationshipprotocolaspartof Values thatmustbeprotected.DOCandPNBST 2009 setsouttheConservation Values andReserve each lake signed by DOC and landowner PNBST in Parangarahu LakesConservation Covenant for fauna asfarpossibleintheirnaturalstate. A the wetlands andpreservingindigenousflora the highwater qualityofthelakes,maintaining DOC retainsaparticularinterestinpreserving sought fromDOC. Strategy forthearea.Confirmationofthiswillbe in conflictwithDOCsConservation Management to thereserves administeredbyDOCmustn’tbe Until thattime,componentsofthisplanrelate in Wellington region managing fisheriesof Taranaki Whanui/Te Atiawa Trust isaMandatedIwiOrganisation(MIO)for Te Atiawa kiteUpokooIkaaMauiPotiki (Fisheries Trust) Te Atiawa kiteUpokooTe IkaaMauiPotikiTrust by HCC,asistheoutletofLakeKohangapiripiri. Coast RoadandtheParangarahu Lakesisowned Part oftheescarpmentbetween thePencarrow Fitzroy Bayandmaintaintheroad. Quarries Ltdwhoextractsandandshinglefrom land managementpurposes,aswell asHorokiwi section ofthecoastholdkeysandhave accessfor http://www.register.charities.govt.nz Commission –Registration numberCC38312 ii . TheTrusteesareelected 7 Landownersalongthis

9 DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan 10 DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan Pipinui PointjustnorthofMakaraBeach. extends fromWindy PointinPalliser Bayto takiwa, includingfreshwater fisheries.Thetakiwa but alsothecustomaryfisheriesinterestsin settlement assetsof Te Atiawa/Taranaki Whānui, for thecommercialfisheriesinterestsand Trust isaregisteredcharity,notonlyresponsible adjacent landownersandHorokiwiQuarriesLtd. Incorporated, Wellington Wildfowlers Club, Mainlnad IslandRestorationOperation(MIRO) and BirdProtectionSocietyLower HuttBranch, New ZealandIncWellington Region,Royal Forest interests intheLakesincludingFishandGame There areanumberofothergroupswithspecific Area Others groupswithinterestsintheParangarahu Lakes recreation reserve. upon whichitsits. Access tothissiteisthroughthe Pencarrow Lighthouseandthesmallparcelofland NZHPT ownsandmanagestheHistoric (refer Map3,p23). archaeological sitesintheParangarahu Lakes Area an archaeologicalsite.Thereareanumberoflisted NZHPT whereworkmayinvolve disturbanceof archaeological authority mustbeobtainedfrom the addition toanyresourceconsentsrequired,an responsibilities regardingarchaeologicalsites.In heritage listings,theNZHPTretainsregulatory authorities throughtheirDistrictPlan policiesand heritage isgenerallyadministeredbylocal 1993. Whileprotectionforland-basedhistoric prescribed undertheHistoricPlaces Trust Act The NZHPTs work,powers andfunctionsare New ZealandHistoricPlaces Trust(NZHPT) 8

life, andforsustaininghuman well-being. a placefornurturingbiodiversity, forregenerating themselves willberecognisedand soughtafteras of theLakesandwetlands andlakes and itisaspirationalthatthecombinedcatchments ‘kohanga’ buildsonthenamesoftwoLakes nurturing lifeandwellbeing’. Theuseoftheterm Kohanga Oramaybeinterpretedas‘anest The Roopu Tiaki Moemoeā – Vision for this plan is: role ofnurturinglifeandwellbeing. so thattheland,lakesandwetlands canfulfiltheir nurture thistaongathroughcarefulmanagement of theParangarahu Lakes Area andtheneedto nest (kohanga)isusedtorecognisetheimportance In thelakescontext,conceptofaprotective protected bypredatorprooforboundaryfencing. island’ conceptwherethedesignatedislandareais conservation andprotection,akintothe ‘mainland (precious resource)warranting thehighestlevel of is consideredbytheRoopuTiakitobeataonga a lakeofnationalsignificance.Thecombinedarea catchment areas.LakeKohangateraisclassifiedas Kohangatera andtheirassociatedwetlands and two Lakes;LakeKohangapiripiriand The Parangarahu Lakes Area containsthe Moemoeä –Vision or footnotes. definitions forsomeMāoriconceptswithinthetext interchangeably inthisplan.Theplanprovides Common andMāorinamesareused Te Reo 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. way: Essentially theplanisstructuredinfollowing the Parangarahu Lakes Area willberealised. for outlininghowtheMoemoeā-Vision for This managementplanisthekeydocument Structure oftheManagement Plan Section 2:Moemoeä–Vision Kohangapiripiri –Kohangatera-KohangaOra

Rules foruse Management Actions Management Objectives Te Taiao –NaturalEnvironment Mahi Tangata –humanhistory Guiding Principles Moemoeā -Vision andOrangaOutcomes nests nurturinglifeandwellbeing • • • literal meaninggiven is‘nestbaskinginthesun’. ‘nest’ butonebaskinginthesun(terā),and taken tobeashelteredplace,againlikened piripiri, thehollowoccupiedbyKohanga-te-rais a nestbaskinginthesuncontrasttoKohanga- Kohanga-te-rā hasbeeninterpretedasmeaning • • • • cling (piripiri),hence‘astronglyclingingnest’. by theMāoriasa‘nest’(kohanga),whichhadto containing thelagoonwas figuratively referredto lake isavery windswept placeandthehollow Kohanga-piripiri isastronglyclingingnest.The One interpretationofthemeaningname workshops andRoopuTiakimeetings: of thefollowingideasgeneratedduringvision The ‘KohangaOra’visiondrawstogethersome

and environment) New life,hopeandanewgeneration(people (whether plant,animalorhuman) A nurseryshelteringandprotectingtheyoung and development Kohanga isanestfornewlife,younggrowth a communitytocareforourenvironment It takesacommunitytoraisechild–it business) development (research&development, Incubator -forideasandintellectual Early learningandeducationisimportant outcomes andresilienceinfuture Foundations laidwell leadtostronger 9 10

11 DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan 12 DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan Framework oftheRoopuTiakiMoemoeä–Vision native fisheryoftheLakesasa self-replenishing mahingakai 4. 3. 2. 1. Restoration oftheeeland

iii Mouri(orMauri): anenergyorlifeforcethattangata whenuaconsiderexistsinallthings in thenaturalworks, includingpeople. Mouribindsand for Taranaki Whänui activities andrecreational use. of theParangarahuLakesAreaforfuturegenerations withtheprovisionofappropriatevisitor of theParangarahuLakesArea.Thisprinciplemeans balancingpreservationandenhancement Mouri Ora–Managementdecisionsandactionswillaimtoimprove, notdegrade,themouri in isolationbutasalivingorganicsystemwitheach partconnectedtotheotherparts. mixed ownershipcomplexities.Water, wetlands,flora,faunaandpeopleissuesarenotmanaged Area willtakeintoaccountthecatchmentareasof bothLakesnotwithstandingthelegaltitleand Integrated CatchmentManagementApproach -ManagementoftheParangarahuLakes participation. as culturalredress.Theco-managementpartnership willfostercommunitycohesionand Lakes Area,reflectingthe Treaty SettlementandreturnoftheLakesto Taranaki Whänui Co-Management –Te RoopuTiaki providesleadershipforco-managementoftheParangarahu Parangarahu LakesAreaareleftinabetterstateforfuturegenerations. involved inmanagementorgovernanceactivitiesacttoprotectthemouriandensure Kaitiakitanga –Taranaki Whänuiexercisekaitiakitangaovertheirtaongaandallpeople Tuna Heke animates allthings in thephysicalworld. Without mouri, manacannotflow intoapersonorobject. Spelling of Mouriis Taranaki Dialect. Kohangapiripiri –Kohangatera-KohangaOra Three OrangaOutcomes Principles forManagementoftheParangarahuLakesArea Nests nurturinglifeandwell-being iii

of birdsandindigenousspecies and arevitalisationofTaranaki Flourishing forestedlandscape ecosystem sustainsmultitudes and healthywetland-lake Whänui culturalpractices Manu Korihi Moemoeä -Vision Indicatorsoflife,healthandwell-being Managers, Visitors andTaranaki personal, communityandtribal Tangata Kaitiaki protecting thecatchmentsas taonga whichcontributesto Whänui areactiveKaitiaki wellbeing • • • • Vision statementinclude: the achievement of“Tuna Heke”inthisMoemoeā- of thismanagementplan.Positive indicatorsfor iwi membersduringtheearlyconsultationphase source isapriorityobjective expressedbymany restoration ofthistaongaspeciesandvaluable food is aseriousconcernforTaranaki Whānuiand commercial eelingandoverfishing inrecent years iwi over thecenturies.Thelossofeelsthrough and mahingakaiforTaranaki Whānuiandother that theseLakeswere onceasignificanteelfishery all native fishspeciesandtheacknowledgement this Moemoeā-Vision statementitalsorepresents (eels) between the Lakes and the sea, both ways. In Tuna hekereferstothe seasonalmigrationsoftuna 1. Tuna Heke-MigratingTuna Tangata Kaitiaki. The outcomesare:Tuna Heke,ManuKorihiand being). outcomes (indicatorsoflife,healthandwell- The threeeggswithinthenestrepresentoranga framework. the various partsoftheMoemoeā–Vision This sectionprovidesanexplanatorynarrative of He Körero Whakamarama

guests withtraditional kaiofhighvalue; ability formana whenuatomanaakiesteemed customary harvest accordingtotikanga and A self-replenishingfishery thatcansustain the Lakesatappropriatetimes oftheyear; and other native species to migrateand from ocean entrancesforbothLakes allowingtuna Successful andfunctioningfishpassagesatthe cycle oflife; moana (ocean)forspawningandcontinued kohanga nurseryoftheLakestoreturn migrating femaletunareadytoleave the Abundance oftuna,particularlymature Upoko oTe Ika; economic well-being ofTaranaki Whānuikite strengthen andenhancethecultural,social statement ofPNBST-Torestore,revitalise, wellness ofthepeopleandalignstovision A healthyfisheryhasapositive impactonthe • • Vision statementinclude: achievement of“ManuKorihi”inthisMoemoeā- co-management plan.Positive indicatorsforthe groups whocontributedtothedevelopment ofthis by Taranaki Whānuiandmanyindividuals and of theLakesareaisapriorityoutcomesought fauna. Restoringtheindigenousfloraandfauna large numbersofbirds,insectsandothernative is capableofnurturingandsustaininglife return ofaflourishingforestedlandscapethat In thisMoemoeā-Vision statementitsignalsthe birdsong heardinahealthyforestfullofbirds. Manu Korihiisthenoisy,rousingchorusof 2. ManuKorihi-Birdsong • • • ‘Kohanga Ora’ Moemoeā-Vision. Itwill require significant progress towards achievingthe the Parangarahu Lakes Area andtomake relationships withothersto successfullymanage The RoopuTiakineedsstrong andenduring responsibilities toprotecttheir culturalheritage. iwi memberstobetterexercise kaitiakitanga return oftheLakestoTaranaki Whānuienables Treaty Settlementrecognisesthisrelationship.The with theLakesandsurroundingwhenua.The Whānui hasakaitiakirelationshipandconnection the Moemoeā-Vision. As manawhenua,Taranaki Tangata Kaitiakiisthethirdorangaoutcomein 3. Tangata Kaitiaki - People workingtogetherasKaitiaki • • • • • •

planting programmeandforestregeneration; Increasing birdsongindicatessuccessful impact onthewellness ofthepeople; A healthyngahere(forest)hasapositive revitalised andenhancedwithnewresearch Matauranga Māorioftunaandfishingis objectives forrestorationofecosystems; Alignment withGWRCParks NetworkPlan as productive nurseryandbreedinghabitats; Clean healthywater andwetlands functioning revitalised andenhancedwithnewresearch Matauranga Māorirelatingtothengahereis Taranaki Whānuimarae,plantsforrongoa feathers forweaving, woodforcarving,kai able tosustainfuturecustomaryharvest e.g. Profusion ofindigenousplantsandanimalsis means lessmanagementresourceover time Self-regeneration ofindigenousplants/species protect indigenousbiodiversity; Non-native animalsandplantsaremanagedto city; healing, re-energising,andrespitefromthe Wairua isrestoredgivingpeople aplacefor life. and valleys arerepletewithbirdandinsect Mouri ofthengahereisintactandforest

13 DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan 14 DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan Site visitwithTaranaki WhanuiandGWRCstaff. • • • • Kaitiaki” include: Positive indicatorsfortheachievement of“Tangata community groups,andotherinterestedpeople. scientists, heritageexperts,recreationalusers, landowners, localandcentralgovernment staff, makers, whanau,hapū,iwiofTaranaki Whānui, kaitiaki includetheRoopuTiaki,electeddecision kaitiaki. People workingtogetherastangata sustained actionover generations bymanytangata combined commitment,sharedresourcesand

standard practiceforParangarahu area; Integrated catchmentmanagementapproachis management; participating inallareasofgovernance and Taranaki Whānuiiwimembersare and localgovernment; and innovative co-managementbetween iwi Roopu Tiakileadsbestpracticecollaborative generations ofiwiKaitiaki. and inturnpasstheirknowledge ontonew kaitiakitanga accordingtotheirtikanga Taranaki Whānuiiwimembersexercise • • • • • •

assessment toolsandtechnology; and culturalindicatorsaswell asscientific incorporate MataurangaMāorimethodology Environmental monitoringsystems well-being; heritage resourceswhichpositively impactson environment, waahi tapu,archaeologicaland are engagedinprotectingthenatural Community groupsandindividuals mouri. amenities areprovidedwithoutdegrading Appropriate recreationalactivitiesand Whānui andthewiderWellington community. and environmentalwellbeing ofTaranaki Lakes contributetoeconomic,cultural,social Wānanga andeducationalactivitiesatthe Whānui KaitiakiGuides; visitor interpretation,includingTaranaki preserved andprotectedwithappropriate Dendroglyph (treecarvings)arerecorded, fishery. of theLakecatchments,particularlyeel Iwi Kaitiakiregularlymonitortheoranga (Somes andWard islandsinWellington harbour). Te Ure-o-Kupe(SteepleRock), MatiuandMakaro including Te Tangihanga-o-Kupe (Barrett Reef), still rememberedtodayinkeycoastallandmarks time inWellington harbourwherehisnameis Head). Traditionssaythathestayed forashort Wellington harbouratTe Rae-akiaki(Pencarrow across whatisnowFitzroyBaybeforeentering entrance tothelakesorseainletsashesailed at Parangarahu buthemayhave sightedthe journey. TherearenoaccountsofKupestaying mark significantevents, peopleorplacesinhis Kupe namedmanynaturallandscapefeaturesto Whanganui-a-Tara’ orthegreatharbour ofTara. Mātiu/Somes intheharbour whichwas named‘Te sons andfamiliesfirstsettled ontheislandof Leaving Mahiapeninsular, Whatongawithhis through thecentreofisland. Mahia peninsulardowntheeastcoastandback during theirfamousexploratoryjourneyfrom surrounding areaasapotentialsettlementplace Tara and Tautoki had identified ‘Para-ngarehu’ and and hissonTautoki byhissecondwife,Reretua. and hissonTara-ika byhisfirstwifeHotuwaipara, Parangarahu andWellington areawere Whatonga Some 600-700years ago,thefirstsettlersin octopus ofMuturangi). Island inpursuitoftewhekeaMuturangi(the Matahorua downtheeastcoastofNorth area athousandyears agoashesailedhiswaka of thefirstvisitorsto Parangarahu coastal discoverer ofNewZealand, was possiblyone Kupe, thelegendaryPolynesianexplorerand Early Mäori Harbour RegionalPark ResourceStatement,2007. has beenpreviouslywrittenaboutintheEast of landmanagementbyGovernment andGWRC The Europeansettlerandfarminghistoryera and reconnectionwiththiswhenuathelakes. the Taranaki Whānuihistoryofconnection,loss of Parangarahu landblockhistorytodemonstrate section isbroadlychronologicalwithanoverview with theareathatisperhapslesswell known.The aspects ofMāorihistoryandvalues associated the managementobjectives andaninsightinto managers andinterestedreaderssomecontextfor endeavours togive Parangarahu Lakes Area developed postTreatysettlement,thissection As thisisthefirstco-managementplantobe Section 3: called Whetu Kairangionthehillabove what is Tara andWhatongathen establishedafortress and Tara remarked, “Thisisaplacesuitable forus.” from whichplacetheyexplored thesurrounding district, Palliser Bay),thencetoPara-ngarehu (Pencarrow Head), Rangi-whaka-oma (CastlePoint),thencetoOkorewa (in After anexaminationofthatdistrict,theycameonto transactions overtheyears Mahi T 11 Traditionstellthat angata –humanactivitiesandland 13 14

12 follows: called Takapau-rangi andwhichisdescribedas Inland oftheParangarahu pāwas aplaceofrefuge Head). called FitzroyBay,nearOrua-Poua-Nui(Baring It was situatedontheeasternendofwhatisnow (referred toasPara-ngarehu inhistoricalaccounts). Tautoki’s fortwas thefirstpāat Parangarahu the areabyNgātiMutunga. the early1830’sNgātiIrahad beendriven outof Parangarahu andOrongorongoarea.However, by Wellington harbour andaroundthecoastto with pāandkaingaonthe eastern shoresofthe acknowledged astangatawhenuainthisera Ngāti Ira(andKahungunu)were Tangata Whenuafrom1820 with NgatiIrawhohadmigratedfromTolagaBay. area formanygenerationsandlaterintermarried Whatonga andNgaiTara continuedlivinginthe area isacknowledged here.Thedescendantsof connection ofRangitanewiththeParangarahu ancestor oftheRangitāneiwi.Thehistorical and theirsonRangitānewas theeponymous Tautoki marriedWaipuna, adescendant ofKupe, Lake Kohangatera. lagoons, knownnowasLakeKohangapiripiriand access totherichfreshwater fisheryof theeel and seafishingresourcesofthebayas well as of FitzroyBayandproximitytoboththekaimoana and strategicpositionwithviewsover thewhole tribal warfare, Parangarahu pāprovidedafortified In theseearlyyears ofMāorisettlementandinter- the rangewest ofFeatherston). Te Rere-a-Mahanga(nearTe Toko-o-Houmeu,on uptotheheadandon Heretaunga (Huttriver) the Wairarapa withtheboundarybeing Wellington harbour.Tautoki’s peopleoccupied the west andsouthofWellington, including Tara’s people (NgaiTara) occupiedareasaround which was anisland(MotuKairangi)intheirtime. now WorserBayontheMiramarPeninsula but so largeasTe Whetu-kairangi Para-ngarehu, whichwasalsoalargefort,thoughnot side(Pencarrowof theeastern Head)wassite the fortofTautoki, thatisPara-ngarehu, onthepoint ngarehu thatrefuge campwassituated of theGreat HarbourofTara, inlandofthefortPara- at theheadofWainui-o-mata, alagoontotheeastward fallen fort,orbattlefield,waslocatedat Takapau-rangi, women, oldmenandchildren, whenfleeingfrom a The refuge hamletprepared asadwellingplacefor 18 16 15 17

15 DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan 16 DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan peoples of Awa andothertribes:— to Miti-kakau,Taringa-kuri, andtheassembled to HonianaTe Puni,toNgatata, toKiri-kumara, Peehi madethefollowingremarksinhisspeech the tworangatiraandtheirpeopleatHutt, When thepeacemakingwas beingdiscussed by the NZCompany‘purchase’ofPortNicholson. agreement was 23September1839just daysbefore Peehi Tu-te-pakihi-rangi. Thedateofthepeace Te WharepouriandNgātiKahungunu rangatira, peace agreementbetween Te Atiawa rangatira, conflicts between theiwi were settledbythe side oftheRimutakarangewere removed, and at Parangarahu orelsewhereontheWellington Any remaininginterestsofNgātiKahungunu Te Atiawa /Taranaki WhānuikiteŪpokooIka 1839 Peace Agreement between NgātiKahungunuand occupation). since thattimemaintainingahikaa(rightsof continuous occupationofTe Whanganui–a-Tara Chatham Islandsin1835.Te Atiawa have beenin and Taranaki kinwhentheydepartedforthe Ira butlefttheseinthecontroloftheirTe Atiawa cultivations atParangarahu afterdefeatingNgāti Ngāti Mutungatookover theoldpāsiteand Parangarahu area: Ngāti Kahungunuinconnectiontothe Oral historyaccountsofthiseraalsomention main rangebeasashoulderfor us.Thegulches land. Yonder standsthegreat Tararua range,letthe This ismymessagetoyou:—Icannot occupyallthe also beevil. his weaponisanevilweapon,andintentionsmay Who cantellwhetherheiskindandjusttoman?For at thisnewfolk,thepakeha,andhischaracteristics. Kahungunu assembledbefore you.Nowweare looking Now Nukuisdead,andhere amIandthechiefsof friend NukuTe Moko-ta-houtoreturn theseparts. dwelling atNuku-taurua,whitherhewenttoinducehis you folknowbefore me.Well, yonderisTe Whare-pouri weapon isthemusket,thenIreturnedhere tomeet proceed totheregion occupiedbythepeoplewhose dwell uponthelandsofstrangers.Iwasinducedto to takemyland;byyouIwasforced todriftawayand given younocausetocomehere andattackme “List untome,Oyepeopleshere assembled.Ihad never found. mere waslostthere. Ithasoftenbeensearched forbut Pencarrow Head,andinthefightavaluablegreenstone Kahungunu chiefataspotlittletotheeastof Te Kume-roa tellsmethatNgati-IrakilledaNgati- coast), andatParaoa-nui. Orongorongo (alittletotheeastofabove,on Kohanga-te-ra (justoutsidePencarrow Head), Te Mahau,Whio-rauatOkiwi(byPatu-kawenga), Ngati-Ira were destroyed atWai-whetu (Huttvalley), 20 19 and Whangapiripiri. at Parangarau andtheeellagoons;Whangatera 4704 acres,2roods,1perches ofunsurveyed land The Parangarau (Parangarahu) blockcomprised Deed 1847) Parangarahu Block-PitoneNo. 2Block(McCleverty’s iwi aspartofculturalredress. significant dendroglyphsites,to Taranaki Whānui and LakeKohangapiripiritwoculturally former esplanadereserves ofLakeKohangatera significance ofthereturnlakebedsand importance ofthe2009treatysettlementand it attemptstoprovidesomecontextasthe Lakes Area byTaranaki Whānui.Indoingso, control, connection,andaccesstotheParangarahu last 165years toillustratethelossofmanagement the leasingandalienationsthatoccurredover the a briefhistoricaloverview ofsomeexamples The followingnarrative isincludedtoprovide to theLakesanditsresources. the peoplewhohave connectionstothiswhenua, Parangarahu Lakesareaandtolearnmoreabout understanding aboutthehistoryofwider that couldhelptobroadeniwiandcommunity day. Thatisapotentialfutureresearchproject alienations thatoccurredfrom1840tothepresent history toshowallthelandtransactions, leases and possible tocompleteacomprehensive block In thedevelopment ofthisplanithasnotbeen alienation history Parangarahu Blockreserve landtitleand works takingsandrestrictive Crownpolicies. leasing arrangements,alienationofland,public of culturalresourcesdespiteexclusionbyfarm eel fishing,coastalandseasonalharvest tangata whenuarightsatParangarahu through Upoko oteIkahave continuedtoexercisetheir The peopleofTe Atiawa /Taranaki Whānuikite rangatira. honour thepeaceagreementbetween thetwo of theoriginalstonemarkerthatwas erectedto as ‘Te Wharepouri’smark’.Itindicatestheplace commemorative stonecairn andplaqueknown kilometres northofCastlepointthereisa Today atapointonthecoastaboutthree northward alongitssummit. main ridgetoRemutaka,alongthatTararua, andon between thetwopeoplesranfrom Turaki-rae alongthe thereto, withmany, manyspeeches.Theboundary The offer ofpeacewasaccepted,bothsidesagreed neighbours formehence-forward.” side,Iwilldrinkoftheirwaters.Remainhereeastern as the watersthereof; thegulliesthatdescendon side,foryoutodrink that descendonthewestern 22 21 and peopleofPitonepā: McCleverty andthesetwenty-one Māorirangatira October 1847byLieutenant-ColonelWilliam as partofthePitoneBlockDeedsignedon13 The landblockwas formedonthewrittenrecord that thelakeswere oncearms orinletsofthesea. or harbourwhichsupportsthegeologicalevidence awa. ‘Whanga’couldbeinterpreted asbay, inlet, noun, forexample,KoPitonetepa,Korokoro te be explainedasaparticleusedbefore aproper Whangapiripiri, withouttheprefix ‘Ko’whichmay of thenamesLakes,beingWhangateraand Also noteworthyinthe1847Deedisspelling reflect thedropped ‘h’in Taranaki spokendialect. is withoutthe‘h’,beingParangarau.Thismay It isnotedthatthespellingofParangarahuhere Napaki Henere Te Ware Waitaratioro Patene Wiremu Paruku Pani Aperahama Ko tePuni Figure 2: Plan ofNativeReserveatP 13 October1847 Mohi Taiata Manihera teToru Kopu Haimona Patara teTapetu Hohua teAtua Tuari 24 23 arangarau attachedtoPitoneBlock(McCleverty’s Deed), Wellington District, Wirihana Puremu Wirihana Watene Panapa Pitione Hohua Parete Hakopa Rerewa Hone teMeke E. PakiTaura 1847: comments inhisfinalreportdated20November Tribunal notedandrecordedMcCleverty’s own extent oflandintermsacreage,theWaitangi (Ohariu) (91431acres).Notwithstandingthelarge Parangarau (Wainuiomata) (4704acres),andOpau Orongorongo (6990acres),Korokoro(1214 outlying McCleverty reserves whichincluded The Parangarahu blockwas oneofthefourlargest McCleverty belongedtothem already. took place,becausethelandassignedtoMāoriby Tribunal whichfoundthatnogenuineexchange transactions were investigated bytheWaitangi in ‘exchange’fortheircultivations. These McCleverty assignedland toWellington Māori cultivations onsectionsclaimedbysettlers. The McCleverty transactions concernedMāori Orongorongo andParangarau little landavailableforcultivation,particularlythoseat …may appearlargeinextent,butreality theypossess much oftheirbestland. company butatconsiderablecosttoMäori,wholost were obtainedatvirtuallynocosttotheCrown orthe As aconsequence,thevaluableMäoricultivations 25 26

17 DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan 18 DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan Advertiser: the NewZealandColonistandPortNicholson placing thisadvertisement inthelocalpaper, his farmingenterprisebyerectingastockyard, probably otherwiselieunoccupied’. earning ‘fairannualrents’ on landthat‘would leasing landtoEuropeans and, inhisopinion, owners atParangarahu andOrongorongowere the Native population.Kempobserved thatthe the Wellington regiontocarryoutacensus of In 1850,H.Tacy KempvisitedMāoripāaround of theuppercatchmentlandbothLakes. reserve. JohnCameronisshownastheowner Pencarrow coast,justnorthoftheLighthouse Crown grant852)ontheharboursideof the ownerofa30acreblock(section69,possibly the Parangarahu Block.W.B. Rhodesisshownas block showsatleasttwosettlersowninglandin A latersurvey plan(SO10240)oftheParangarahu grazing cattle. leasing landatParangarahu fromlocalMāorifor colonist, William Barnard(Barney)Rhodes,was McCleverty Deedof1847,atleastoneEuropean As earlyas1841,somesixyears beforethe European settlersandearlyfarmingat Parangarahu two Pākehā wives his interest, Rhodeshadnochildrenby whakapapa Otahi orOtahui. Māori womanofNgātiRuanui,whosenamewas Rhodes-Moorhouse) whowas borntoaTaranaki not thelighthousebutaroundtimbertowertoactasoneoftwobeacons. between thetwolakes. Intheforeground, travellers onthecoastaltrack fromthe Wairarapa headingtowards MtCameronandtheeasternbays. The structureis Figure 3: ‘Pencarrow HeadFitzroy Bay’, engraving bySamuelCharlesBrees publishedinLondon1849. August 17,1842. apply attheStores ofW. B.RHODES&CO.Wellington, persons willingtocontractputuptheabovemay WANTED, aStockyard erected nearPencarrow Head TO FENCERS. 27 In1842Rhodeslookedtodevelop 31 28 30 , but had a daughter (Mary Ann 29 Of 33 erected [and]paintedwhitewitharedflag. of acottageandthenin1844,37footbeacon was 1842 therewas onlyabeaconinthebaywindow at Te Rae-akiaki(Pencarrow Head).Initiallyin vocal intheircallstogetcoastallightingerected treacherous forshippingandearlysettlers were The entrancetoWellington harbourwas akiaki) Beacon andlighthouseatPencarrow Head(Te Rae- probably otherwiselieunoccupied. certain incomefromtherentsoflandwhichwould and theNatives derive anannualandalmost their fatcattlewithinashortdistanceoftown, there isamutualbenefit:Thecontractorshave formerly were, (therunsbeingclearlydefined) with amuchbetterunderstandingthanthey rents, andasthesearrangementsarenowmade and SheepRunstoEuropeansatvery fairannual some timepast,letbytheNative ownersasCattle Beacon attheheads,arenow,andhave beenfor Orongorongo, withinashortdistanceofthe The Blocksorreserves atParangarahu and Table fortheWellington District. census takenofthoseSettlements,withReportand by Natives fromthosePas, whoareincludedinthe Wairarapa andWellington, areoccasionallyvisited Pitone, andPipitea,onthecoastbetween Three smallfishingvillagesbelongingtoKaiwara, Orongorongo 38th Settlement.Mukamuka, Pa-rangarahu, and lighthouse keepers: of thePencarrow lighthouseandresidencefor dates belowshowtheearlyestablishmenthistory Looks westfromtheridge 32 34 Key payment foroccupationfrom1July1865. and paidtheMāoriowners£138plus£35rental land situatedatTe Raiakiakior Pencarrow Head that theCrownpurchasedsixty-nineacresof In anycase,itwasn’t until24September 1873 lands atornearthelighthouse. or firewoodtaking,andforcattletrespassontheir demands totheGovernment forfirewoodcutting pā ownershadforsomeyears madecompensation archival recordssuggestedhowever thatthePitone beacon orthemorepermanentlighthouse.The were consulted,oragreedto,theerectionof It isnotknownwhethertheMāorilandowners 1871 1865 1863 1 January1859 21 June1858 July 1857 Figure 4: DocumentsignedbyMäoriforreceipt ofpayment£138sterlingforsale Te RaiakiakiblockatParangarahu

• • • • • • keepers erected. general government. government toMarineBoard. transferred fromprovincial is litforthefirsttime. packages. the barque Ambrosine in480 UK. Woodside IronWorks,Dudley, Cochrane andCompanyof of thelighthousefromMessrs New residencesforlighthouse The lighthouseissoldtothe Control ofthelighthouse New Zealand’sfirstlighthouse The lighthousearriv T ender acceptedforthecasting 35 es onboard high tidemark. Kohangapiripiri andontotheforeshorebelow which reachesrighttotheseaoutletofLake the lighthouseblockinpinkcomprising60acres attached totheDeedofSaledocumentshows of 13October1847Pitonilands. successors ofawardees oftheMcCleverty award They signedintheircapacityasawardees or Makareta. Mawene Hohua;and Hana tePuni; Ngapaki tePuni; Henare tePuni; as: Māori signatoriestotheDeedofSalearerecorded on eelpopulationsandsalinitylevels. contribute tofuture culturalandscientific research lakes as‘saltwater’isinteresting andmay wording inthetitleorder. Thedescriptionofthe this cleartotheJudge,whoincludedabove Lakes tobeofsuchsignificancethattheymade Lakes area andconsidered theeelfisheryofthose maintaining theirconnectionwiththeParangarahu strong indicatorthatPitone Mäori,in1867,were two saltwaterlakesforeelfishing”.Thisisa specified thattheParangarahublock“includes It issignificantthatthe1867Judge’s order

36 Thesketch 37

19 DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan 20 DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan Wellington Māorianditdidn’tlastforlong. Tribunal notedthiswas notthe‘norm’for in termsofWellington pastoralism.The Waitangi and thatheheldapositionofsomeimportance have provided. land closertothenewtownofWellington could term, ifnottheirlong-termeconomicneedsthat which tomeettheirsubsistenceneedsintheshort afforded PitoneMāoriwithsomemeans Daniel Riddiford. ‘transferred’ to localPakeha farmerandpastoralist his deathitseems thathisflockof950sheep were own brandedflockuntilaround 1868whenafter also inthebusinessofsheep farmingwithhis Mawene Hohua,anotherMāoriof Petone pā,was report dated28July1868. ‘flock owner’ inthe Wellington SheepInspector’s Henare Te Puniisoneof15Natives listedasa their ownsheepfarmingbusiness.Forexample, sufficient landandopportunitytoownrun among thefewMāoriownersinWellington with at Parangarahu toPākehāpastoralistsandwere Pitone Māorileasedsomeoftheirreserved land Māori sheepfarming plus eelweirs, and Wellington harbour,didcontainsomecultivations, barren coastalblockdistantfromtheirpāonthe Māori, althoughsituatedonarugged,relatively that theParangarau reserve assignedtoPitone McCleverty reserves, theWaitangi Tribunalnoted In itsinvestigation intotheadequacyof1847 Henare tePunishallfurnishapropersurvey. branch oftheNgatiawa tribeif,withinsixmonths, trustees forthemembersofNgatiTawhirikura in favour of Henare te Puni and Ngapaki te Puni as made anorderfortheissueofaCertificateTitle August of1867.On5September1867,JudgeSmith acres) commencedintheNative LandCourtin Title investigations totheParangarahu block(5150 Title investigation Parangarahau numbering 300sheepatPitoneand1500 place. Pakeha wasleasingtheblockas asheeprunintheir the Parangaraublockin1867,butafewyearslater Petone Mäoriwhowere recorded asrunningsheepon into theiralready largeruns.Anexceptionwere the who coulduseitmore effectively byincorporatingit instead renting theirreserve landtoPakehapastoralists up pastoralism,whichrequired considerablecapital, Signiﬁcantly, Mäorifailedforthemostparttotake and thatsuchMäoriwere seriously prejudiced thereby. pastoralism orotherfarmingandland-useactivities), equal footingwithPäkehä(particularlybytakingup made adequateprovision for Mäoritodeveloponan cultivation andresource-gathering needs,andwhich land baseforboththeirshort-andlong-term to setasidereserves which leftthemwithanadequate who were partiestotheMcCleverty deedsbyfailing the rightsofMäorilivinginPortNicholsondistrict The Tribunal ﬁndsthattheCrown neglectedtoprotect 43 42 indicatesasubstantialenterprise 44 fi shing stations. 41 Histwoflocksofsheep 39 As suchit 38 40 parcels. hapu, inordertoidentifyentitlementtheeight which individualsbelongedtoNgatitawhirikura to collectkarakaberriesfromParangarahu, and had cultivations atParangarahu, whohadbeen parcels. Various peoplegave evidenceaboutwho the partitionofParangarahu blockintoeight made anapplicationtotheNative LandCourtfor In September1889HenaretePuniandothers Partition ofParangarahu Block ellington Independent, Volume XXII, Issue2666, 11 April 1868, Figure 5: Post on27January1939. public worktakingwas advertised intheEvening Parangarahu 1Ablock.The Proclamation forthis lighthouse atBaringHeadsituatedonpartofthe In 1932theGovernment decidedtobuildanew Public workstakings number ofthedeceasedowners. same time,theJudgemadesuccessionordersfora and individualshareholderswere named. At the divided intonineparcelsofNative freeholdland partition ordersandtheParangarahu blockwas 12 June1912thatJudgeGilfeddermadethefinal Act of1908.Itwas notuntilthefollowing year on had notbeenregisteredundertheLandTransfer to cancelthe1889partitionasPartition Orders On 21September1911theNative Ministerapplied VIII, Pencarrow SurveyDistrict,intheWellington Land 1, 2,and3,Parangarahu No.laBlock,situated inBlock taken, 42acres 2roods, beingportion ofSubdivisions SCHEDULE: Approximate area ofthepieceland lighthouse intermsofthePublic Works Act,1928. the Schedulehereto wastakenforthepurposesofa Zealand Gazette,1938,page2, thelanddescribedin dated 23rd December, 1938,andpublishedintheNew NOTICE ISHEREBYGIVENthatbyaProclamation Page 3 W 45 47 46 Trustee. of takingasarchive recordsrefertotheMāori land was stillinMāoriownershipatthetime Parangarahu 5Band6blocks. Itappearsthatthe Kohangapiripiri seaoutlet.Thisaffectedthe the purposesofasewer outfallneartheLake Drainage Boardoccurredaround1962-1965for Another publicworkstakingbytheHutt Valley passed outofMāoriownershipbefore1938. This suggeststhattheParangarahu 1Ablockhad (182 acres)and sewer outfallpurpose(25 acres), the Parangarahu blockforlighthousepurposes specific public workstakings,including thoseof evidence thatMāoriowners consideredthatsome been researchedhere.There is,however, some payments forthesepublic works takingshasnot The detailofanyconsultation orcompensation Government byalocalfarmer,MrEricRiddiford. the lighthousewas builtonlandpresented tothe the MaritimeNewZealandwebsite statesthat A shorthistoryoftheBaringHeadlighthouseon Plan ofParangarahu Blockshowingpartitioninto9sub-blocks, c1912, Archives NZ Works Dept.,Wellington, 24/1/39 N. E.HUTCHINGS,AssistantUnder-Secretary. Public of theMinisterPublicWorks.— the planmarkedP.W.D. 99626,depositedintheoffice District; asthesameismore particularlydelineatedon 49 48

ownership, namely: Parangarahu block(5150acres) remaininginMāori In 2013thereareonlytwoparcelsoftheoriginal Remnants ofParangarahu block reserved land Hunter andDebra-Ann Okeroa-Garner. Kipo Butler-Monu,Eva LianneHemara,Lee Māori LandCourtdatabase are:MaramaJosephine the currentfourResponsible trusteeslistedonthe Takarangi Ahu WhenuaTrustset upin1996and Both blocksareadministered bytheTupoki- • • findings’. evidence abouttheseparticularcasestomake Māori isregrettable,theTribunalhasinsufficient of theareareserved landlefttoWellington breach, statingthat‘whiletheoverall reduction claimants’ argumentstoreachafindingofTreaty The Waitangi Tribunalwas notpersuadedbythe Wai 145fourthamendedstatement ofclaim. constituted abreachoftheTreatyassetoutin

the same29owners. Parangarahu 2CBlock(123.3481 hectares)with 29 owners;and Parangarahu 2B1Block(54.2051 hectares)with 51

52 50

21 DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan 22 DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan and theQueenElizabethIITrust). Society, the East Harbour Environment Association (The Lower HuttRoyal ForestandBirdProtection Conservation andseveral environmentalgroups Regional CouncilandtheDepartmentof was purchasedfor$215,000bytheWellington known asBurdenBlockofOrongorongoStation not have publicprotection.In1992thearea,then protected, thelandsurroundingLakesdid While theLakesandesplanadestripwere Management Reserves. Conservation estateanddesignatedas Wildlife the lakeswere transferredintotheDepartmentof Council asesplanadereserve. InDecember1987, the lakeswas vested inthethenHuttCounty ‘Pencarrow lakes’anda20metrestriparound Lands andSurvey acquiredthebedsoftwo Orongorongo station,theDepartmentof In 1981,duringthesubdivisionof halted anyprogress. mooted, butoppositionbytheprivate landowners concept ofcreatingaPencarrow RegionalPark was were grazedbysheepandcattle.Inthe1970s surrounding thelakesrightdowntoshoreline, Farm andOrongorongoStation,includingthehills Throughout muchofthe20thcenturyGollans Regional Park Parangarahu LakesArea aspartofEastHarbour Sewer outfallsignageandinfrastructure neartheentrance toLake Kohangapiripiri Parangarahu 2B1andParangarahu 2Cblockswww.maorilandonline.govt.nz the landavailable forthesettlement. strips surroundingthelakestoCrown,making Around thistimeHuttCityCounciltransferredthe with Parangarahu Lakes Area adoptedatthattime. there was areviewofthenamesused for thearea, history. As aresultoftheTreatySettlementin2009 the morerecentEuropeanfarmingandlighthouse the Pencarrow LakesBlockwhichreflectedonly park. At thispointintimetheareawas known as undertaking environmentalrestorationinthe improving thetracksandinfrastructure Wellington. Over timeplansdeveloped for Conservation, HuttCityCounciland Greater management oflandbytheDepartment developed in1995,attemptingtocoordinate The firstmanagementplanforthearea was adjacent landownertotheeastofarea. grazing licencegrantedtoMrMikeCurtis,the reserve statuswas soughtforthe360haanda cultural, naturalandlandscapevalues. Recreation bringing intopublicprotectiontheoutstanding Park, allowingpublicaccesstothisareaand This purchaseexpandedEastHarbourRegional development ofthisco-managementplan. sign aMemorandumofUnderstandingandthe Parangarahu Lakes Area. Theoutcomewas to relation tocollaborative managementofthe PNBST helddiscussionspost-settlementin holistically andinpartnership,GWRC In recognisingtheneedtomanagethisarea and LakeKohangatera. and airstrataabove bothLakeKohangapiripiri reserve. The Crown retains ownership of the water Greater Wellington andismanagedasarecreation surrounding theesplanadelandisownedby lakebeds andtheesplanadeland.Thearea A conservation covenant isincludedover the Port NicholsonBlockSettlementTrust(PNBST). dendroglyph sitewas vested intheTrusteesof esplanade landsurroundingbothlakes,andthe Lake KohangapiripiriandKohangatera,the (Taranaki Whānui),ownershipofthelakebeds claims ofTaranaki WhānuikiTe ŪpokooTe Ika cultural redresstosettlethehistoricalTreaty came intoforceon5 August 2009. As partof Te UpokooTe Ika)ClaimsSettlement Act2009 The PortNicholsonBlock(Taranaki Whanuiki partnership (PNBST&GWRC) Post Treaty Settlement-aneweraof Map 3: Cultural Heritage Sitesat Parangarahu Lakes (Source: NZAAand NZHPT) built in1858andoperateduntil1935. A newer Category 1historicplacebytheNZHPTandwas Zealand. Thecurrentstructureisregisteredasa Pencarrow Lighthouse,thefirstlighthouseinNew Later Europeansitesintheareainclude dendroglyphs. pā, pits,terraces,middens,stonerowsand of Māorioccupantsthecoast,forexample from thepre-Europeanperiodindicatelifestyle was scatteredalongthecoast. was caughtontherocks,eventually brokeupand Pencarrow Headin1913duringaviolentstorm.It road toFitzroyBay.TheDevon was wrecked on tidal zoneandcanbeseenlyingbesidethecoast The ironhulloftheshiphasbeenliftedout a steamerthatwas wreckedinFitzroy Bayin1906. of shipwrecksthathave occurred.ThePaiaka was This stretchofcoastlineisnotableforthenumber March 1896. whodiedin (daughter ofalighthousekeeper) side. Itisthegrave ofEvelyn Violet Amy Wood below theoriginallighthouseonnorthern ditch andbankfence. A child’sgrave restsjust a formertramline/cablecarpath,andprobable two housesites,azig-zagtrackdowntothebeach, associated withthelighthouseoperationsinclude the Pencarrow Lighthouse.Remnantsofactivities automated lightislocatedonthecoastal coastal platformoraroundthetwolakes. of theParangarahu Lakes Area arelocatedonthe origin. Themajorityofrecordedsitesinornear Wellington Harbour,ofbothMāoriandEuropean archaeological sitesalongtheeasternsideof There areanumberandvariety ofrecorded Archaeological sites fl 53 at below Sites

23 DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan 24 DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan Kohangapiripiri Dendroglyphs: 1959 ontheoccasionofhissecondvisitto the discovery inhisNotebookdated19December September 1959. Adkin recordsthesignificanceof made byGeorgeRBullandGLeslie Adkin on27 on thewestern sideofLakeKohangapiripiriwas carvings) onkarakatreesatWaimikomiko swamp The Europeandiscovery of dendroglyphs(tree Karaka treesanddendroglyphs current GWRC Accidental Discovery Protocol. policies theGWRCParks NetworkPlan andthe guided bytheprinciplesofthisplanand treated withcareanddealtappropriately,as (human bones).Suchnewdiscoveries shouldbe reveal buriedshipwrecksorpotentiallykoiwi the coastcanbevery violent,andcanoccasionally pre-European period further sitestobediscovered, especiallyfromthe along thiscoastandthereremainsthepotentialfor has beenalargeandactive humanpopulation sites arelikelytohave beenlocated.However there archaeologists over theyears andthemajorityof ParangarahuLakes many studied by Area hasbeen whole oftheEastHarbourRegionalPark. The Appendix 3liststherecordedsitesfor Association maintainarecordofheritagesites. Both NZHPTandtheNZ Archaeological Potential fordiscovery ofunrecorded heritagesites 54 . Theseaandweather along vi vi Adkin, GeorgeLeslie, 1888-1964: EthnologicalnotebooksRef:MS- Keyes wrotehisarticlein1968 reports were publisheduntilarchaeologistIan Dominion newspaperon1July1961.Nofurther (NZ’s FirstTreeCarvings)publishedinthe supplied materialandillustrationsforanarticle In 1959,MrG.L. Adkin andDr.T. Barrow Archaeologist reportsondendroglyphs form ofMāoriartinmainlandNZ. the trunksoflivingtreesandareanextremelyrare dendroglyphs aresimplifiedmotifsincisedinto discoveries elsewhere.Keyes notedthat with informationwhichcouldleadtosimilar the recordandprovideNZfieldarchaeologists natlib.govt.nz maps, drawingsandphotographs), Mäorinotebook(vol44), http:// the kohangapiripiri dendroglyphs, 19Dec1959, 16Jan 1960(with Papers-6061-45 Comprisesnotesonsecondandthirdvisitstoexamine found butsoonnoticedadditionalexamples. with theauthenticityofdendroglyphs previously was examinedfirstandDrBarrow wasnotonlysatisfied observe thephenomenonforhimself….Thesingletree Ethnologist DominionMuseum,hewasdesirous to was brought tothenoticeofDrTBarrow, Chief and symbolicsignificance…Whentheoccurrence up interesting problems ofculturalconnection considerable ethnologicimportanceandoneopening on karakatrees canberegarded asaneventof The discoveryinNewZealandofdendroglyphs Karaka trees withdendroglyph (April2013) 55 tofurtherestablish Karaka trees withdendroglyph (April2013) assigned archaeologicalreference numbers. around LakeKohangatera which have been Their articlealsolistsanumber ofkarakatrees likely maximumageforthetrees.(Keyes 1968:109). likely tobelessthanabout200years old, beingthe other trees.Theyalsonotedthattheglyphsare condition andnoinformationisavailable onthe least oneglyph(fig2inKeyes 1968)isin apoor in 1968,theynotedthatTree1survives andat respect tothedendroglyphsdescribedbyKeyes including theParangarahu Lakes Area. With further archaeologicalsurvey atFitzroyBay, In 1988,Walton andMcFadgen the CookStraitarea. of thedolphinfamilyandaspecieswell knownin represent akillerwhale(Orcinusorca),thelargest portray whalesordolphins.Fig2couldpossibly and ventral finswhichsuggeststylised motifsthat not showtailoutlinesbuthave prominentdorsal themselves topossibleidentificationastheydo Keyes suggeststhatfigures2,4,and11lend Kohangapiripiri Keyes -Illustrations ofglyphsonkaraka trees at 56 conducteda Ian Barber dendroglyphs, GWRCengagedarchaeologist management objectives inrelationtothe To assistthedevelopment ofappropriate Recent archaeologicalassessment • • • • • Act 2009 Whānui kiTe UpokooTe Ika)ClaimsSettlement Section 47ofthePortNicholsonBlock(Taranaki could belostforever bywildfire. (tree carvings)recordedasarchaeologicalsitesthat Kohangapiripiri, thereareancientdendroglyphs and HeritagePlaces alsonotesthatatLake Historic HeritageGuidanceSeries–FireSafety The NZHPTSustainableManagementof Kohangapiripiri - carved’. that EastHarbourkarakatreeswere deliberately opinion that‘thereisnounequivocalevidence unpublished reporttoGWRCin2013.Itishis The followingstatementsaretakenfromBarber’s Kohangapiripiri. assessment ofthedendroglyphsatLake Resource; R27/62-NortheastofLake dendroglyphs asaSignificant Archaeological The HuttCityDistrict Plan includesthe Recognition ofsignificancedendroglyphs

carved. argue thatany scar shapesonTree Awere deliberately before. However, there isnocompellingreason to have contributedtothisdamage since1959oreven interpreted asdendroglyphs. Itispossiblethatpeople that couldalsoaccountforthe earlierbarkdamage scarred ofexfoliation naturallysince1959inapattern This meansthatthetrunkofAdkin Tree Ahasbeen appear immediatelybelowthis shapeare notpresent. In the1959photographtrunkscarsthatnow otherwise openandingrass. both fencedareas. Theloweraspectofbothgulliesis including gorseencroaches ontheupslopemarginsof track atthebaseofgullies.Shrubvegetation that are accessiblefrom, andcloseto,thewalking Adkin Trees AandB4are eachfencedinreserve areas trees recorded byAdkin canbeidentifiedcurrently. gully,the north-western onlytwoofthefourkaraka (December 2012,April2013)andarchival research. In have beenre-assessed byBarber (2013)from fieldvisits The purported‘dendroglyphs’ aboveKohangapiripiri from GWRC. to beaccessiblebyarightofway easement not toberateable ki teUpokooTe Ika to beheldforthebenefitof Taranaki Whanui interest purposes ofaplaceculturalandhistorical to besetapartasaMāoriReservation forthe to vest intrustees 58 providesforthedendroglyphsite: 59 toconductfurtherarchaeological

Dendroglyphs. 57

25 DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan 26 DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan pages 33-34. and resourceimportanttoMāori,isdiscussedin Kakara treesastaongatukuiho;culturalheritage protection, pestcontrol,andinterpretation. Roopu Tiakiagreethatthesiterequirescontinued GWRC andTaranaki Whanuimembersofthe of thesite.Inapracticalmanagementsense, ongoing koreroanddebatetoaddthemana be embracedandtheRoopuTiakiencourages ambiguity oftheiroriginandmeaningshould tree markingsarespecialandunique.The considers thatthekarakatreesanddendroglyphs/ October 2013and,notwithstandinghisopinion, The RoopuTiakidiscussedtheBarberreportin Barber concludesthat: the possibilityofanineteenthcenturyageatleast. size oftheremaining Kohangapiripiritrees allowsfor production managementinthisregion. Themoderate reminders ofearliersettlementandfood ofthepatterns drupes. Karakatree locationscanserveasimportant South Islandforthefoodvalueoftree’s nutritious Mäori introduced karakatothelowerNorthIslandand do atleastrepresent aculturalconnectiontothepast. Harbour karakatrees were deliberatelycarved,they While there isnounequivocalevidencethatEast been river valleys, ornarrowinletsofthesea. Kohangatera totheeast,arethoughthave once The lakes,Kohangapiripiriinthewest and have shapedthegeologicallandscape. how earthquakesandcoastalweather patterns cliffs areuniqueandimpressive featuresthatshow and thesea,upliftedbeacheswave-cut landscape. Thelargegravel barsbetween thelakes area canbemappedbylookingattheshapeof The geologicalhistoryofParangarahu coastal Landscape andgeology are highlightedinthissection. significant value andsomeoftheseunique aspects ecological andculturalheritagefeaturesof The areaencompasseslandscape,geological, Taranaki WhānuiandtheRoopuTiakiasataonga. The Parangarahu Lakesareaisregardedby Section 4:Te Taiao –NaturalEnvironment 60 wetlands. Mt Lowry(373m)throughbeechforest,farmsand stream isGollansStream,whichflowsdownfrom has amuchlargercatchmentof1700ha.Themain farmed. Kohangateraisthelargerlakeandalso wetlands andregeneratingbushthatwas once The catchmentis280hawhichincludesintactbush, Stream) whichflowsfromMtCameron(260m). and isfedbyCameronCreek(Waimikomiko Kohangapirirpiri isthesmalleroftwolakes they arefedbyquitedifferentcatchments. Although thelakesarevery closetoeachother, and createdextensive swamp andwetlands. lowered water levels ofbothlakesbyover ametre at lowtide.Themostrecenttectonicupliftin1855 lakes arenowcutofffromtheseaanddonotdrain Earthquakes have upliftedtheareasothat Lake Kohangatera Science Ltd. Geological &Nuclear Homer ©Instituteof south. Photo: Lloyd shingle beachtothe and enclosedbythe Creek from thenorth fed byCamerons Lake Kohangapiripiri:

27 DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan 28 DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan plants andanimals. ecological functionbymanaging threats,likepest the native plantsandanimals,as well asthe provide ongoingprotection tomaintainorrestore The KeyNative Ecosystemsprogramme aimsto values isfunded. the managementandprotectionofitsbiodiversity Key Native Ecosystemprogramme,throughwhich nationally. Becauseofthis,isparttheGWRC assessed inNZ(BevClarksonpers.comm.2013). excellent condition,secondoutofthe177swamps assessed LakeKohangapiripiriwetland asbeingin condition today.In2006LandcareResearch more recentlybyaquaticweeds, areinexcellent lakes, whilehistoricallyimpactedbygrazing,and The wetlands locatedatthenorthernendsof condition is‘high’,placingit47th. at 10thbestoutofNZlakes.LakeKohangapirpiri’s nationally outstandingbotanicalvalues, placingit Lake Kohangatera’sconditionis‘excellent’,with surveyed both lakesatParangarahu andfound referred toastheLakeSPIIndex.In2011,NIWA and theextentimpactofinvasive weeds, the diversity andextentofnative vegetation NIWA surveys lakesaroundNewZealand,noting State ofthelakesandwetlands threatened speciespresentinthearea. Refer GWRCKeyNative EcosystemsPlan foralistof National ImportanceorRAMSARdesignation. ideal candidatesforrecognitionthroughWaters of uniqueness oftheParangarahu Lakesmakesthem animals, andalsoarangeofinterestingplants.The for anumberofindigenousfish,birdsandother very healthy.Becauseofthis,theyprovidehabitat Despite beingsoclosetourbanareasthelakesare lowland lakes. of landuseintensificationaroundtheseshallow increasingly rareacrossNewZealandasaresult water vegetation ofcoastallagoonshasbecome examples oflowland lagoonsystems.Thebrackish The Parangarahu Lakesarenationallyoutstanding Ecosystems drop very quickly. flood orstormevents and cancauselakelevels to separate themfromthesea.Thisoccursduring infrequent breachingofthegravel barriersthat The hydrologyofthelakesisdominatedby 62 61 type, regionallyand examples oftheir the bestremaining ecosystems thatare a numberof Area contains Parangarahu Lakes Ecosystems Key Native 64 63 GWRC KeyNative EcosystemPlan (KNEP) values willbesetoutmorespecificallyinthe and protecttheParangarahu Lakes’biodiversity Any operationalactivitiesplannedtomanage eels priortothe clearingofthelandfor farming. lakes most likely provided a better habitat for tuna/ lakes andthesea.Thestream catchmentsabove the a shorterlengthofsandand gravel between the probably morecertainwith higherlakelevels and In earlierMāoritimeselver survival rates were survival inthelifecycleforeelstheselakes. The elver stageisthemostdifficulttimefor culverts andintothelakes. springtime togettheelvers throughthe passage/ and sufficientflowthroughor overthegravels in there needstobesufficient waterlevels in the lakes and theformofajuvenile eel.Forthistohappen make thetransitiontoanelver anddevelop colour salt water oftheseatofreshwater andstartto glass eelswillcommencetheirjourneyfromthe and thereissufficienthydraulicconnection,the eels. Whenfreshwater flowsoutfrom thelakes the entrancetolakeoutlets,changingglass of freshwater andsomewillarrive onthecoastat across thePacific Ocean,willhomeinonsources freshwater. Theincominglarva, havingdrifted seasonal migrationbetween theseaand Tuna have certainrequirementsforsuccessful later torecreationalandwildlifereserves. were converted topastureforcattleandsheep significance waned over the years asadjacentareas whānui andtheearlieriwiofregion.That importance totheiwiofTe Atiawa/Taranaki described aseellagoons.Thissignifiedtheir In theearlysurvey mapsofthelakestheyare Tuna/Eels inKohangapiripiriandKohangatera stream flows(seefishpassagetextbox). the naturalcycleofbeachbreachingduringhigh freshwater fishhighlightstheneedto maintain the lakesandcoast.Thepresenceofendemic the patternofbreachinggravel barsbetween the fishcommunitiesoflakesareinfluencedby complete theirlifecycles(theyarediadromous), most native fishneedaccesstoorfromthesea compromise ofmigratorypathways. Because numbers offisharepresent,primarilyduetothe banded kōkopu,andsmelt.However, onlylow eel, commonbullies,lamprey,inanga,giantand in theircatchments,includingshortandlongfin some orallofthetimeinlakesfurtherup Several native fishspeciesareknowntobepresent Native fish Fauna strengthen theMoemoeā-visionofthisplan. them. TheKNEPobjectives complimentand necessary actionsthatwillbetakentoachieve GWRC aimstoachieve forthearea,aswell asthe KNEP describesthebiodiversity objectives that 72 . The that themouri oflakeshasbeenrestored. are restoredthen thetangatawhenuawill consider need ahelpinghandandwhen theeelpopulations These lakesandtheirdwindling eelpopulation If theeelsarehealthythen soisthewater body. closely connectedwiththe mouriofawater body. whakapapa andmanyMāori aseetheeelasbeing In tradition,Māoriconnecttotuna/eelsby improved, however eelcancopewiththetrout. could arrive iftheseapassagewas openedupand to happenwithouthumanintervention. Trout the likewere introduced,althoughthatisunlikely if pestfishsuchascarp,perch,tench,ruddand many years away. Theeelhabitatwoulddegrade restored toconsiderablenumbers,whichmaybe until suchtimeastheeelpopulationhasbeen Whānui donotenvisagetuna/eelsbeingharvested the feederstreamsarenot.Te Atiawa/Taranaki lakes areofflimitsforcommercialeeling,although The tuna/eelisaniconicspeciesforMāori.These environment (seefishpassagetextbox). of recruitmenttheglasseelintolakes eel environmentbecauseoftheuncertainty The lakesarenolongerahighqualitytuna/ maturing. a differentnicheintheecosystemwhenitis It issmallerwhenitmigrates.alsooccupies life spanandreachessexualmaturityfaster. like Australia aswell. Theshortfinhasashorter australis) isalsoindigenousbutfoundinplaces females tomigrate.Theshort-finnedeel(Anguilla The malesareusuallyyoungerwhentheyjointhe before theyhave theurgetojointunaheke. females reachingmaturityinaround30years dieffenbachii), whichhasalonglifespanwith home totheendemiclongfinnedeel(Anguilla fall orlive inthewaters. Thelakeshave been invertebrate communityandotherspeciesthat some willremaininthelakeslivingoff catchment streamstolive tomaturityhowever The eelswillusuallyfindtheir way intothe org/ a riveratnightinthe Tararua Ranges, http://en.wikipedia. New ZealandLongfineel(Anguilladieffenbachii)seenin Credit: NIWA http://www.niwa.co.nz/ ready foritslongoceanjourney. and pointednoseasitsbodystartstochangeget A tunaheke from theMökauRiver. Notetheenlarged eye

29 DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan 30 DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan fish biodiversityoftheParangarahuLakes. promote theconservationandrestoration ofnative species monitoringandbiosecuritymeasures will management initiativesincludingculvertmonitoring, McEwan recommends thatanumberoffuture fish passagethrough improved lakehydrology. the outletofbothlakeswere required toimprove and concludedthatchangestotheculvertsat In 2007SinclairKnightMertzexaminedtheissue alignment. has three concrete culvertsandalessobstructive a barriertothepassageoffish.LakeKohangatera lake bedtothegravelsdownstream. Thispresents is perched, creating a500mmverticaldrop from the Kohangapiripiri hasasingleconcrete culvertwhich This haschangedthefunctioningoflakes.Lake culverted toprovide foraroad around thecoastline. Since the1960soutletsofbothlakeshavebeen other indigenousfishspecies. migratory speciessuchastuna,inanga,kokopuand effect ofreducing theconnectiontolakesforsea reduction from sandmining.Thishasallhadthe the accretion ofsandandgravel build-up,withsome lake toseaoutletshavegenerallybeensubject the riversofOrongorongo andWainuiomata. The effects ofthemovement sandandgravelsfrom with tectonicupliftsoverthecenturiesandfrom the The hydrology andgeography ofthelakeschanged Fish Passage for themaraetables. sustain customaryharvestand supplytraditionalkai freshwater habitatfornativefishspecies,ableto the ParangarahuLakesasa healthynurseryand contribute tothelongterm goalofre-establishing members ofTe Atiawa/Taranaki Whänuithatwould research, andculturalenvironmental monitoringby programmes suchasregular fishsurveys,species The FisheriesTrust hasalsoidentifiedkeywork outlets atcriticalperiodsforseasonalmigrations. strongly supportstheopeningoflaketosea to restore theeelfisheryatParangarahuLakesand The FisheriesTrust hasadvocatedformanyyears migration periods. cutting mayalsobenecessaryduringkeyfish Intervention onthebeachinformofchannel- while deterringexoticfishfrom enteringtheLakes. culvert designthatwillallownativefishtomigrate mouth ofLakeKohangapiripiri.McEwanconsider investigated optionstoimprove fishpassageatthe In 2013,fresh waterecologistAmberMcEwan, of greatest concern. have shownthattheLakeKohangapiripiriculvertis Subsequent recordings ofbreach eventsatthelakes 66 67

(2009) http://www.niwa.co.nz The lifecycleoffreshwater eels. Credit: Pauline Roberts, RoyalSocietyofNewZealandPrimaryScience Teacher Fellowship

31 DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan 32 DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan lifecycle (seefishpassagetextbox). dependent onmigratoryfishtocompletetheir present atthelakeshowever theyareheavily New Zealand’sfreshwater mussel,kakahi is e.g. SouthernBellFrog. the Lakeswillbewidespread Australian species ignored” in2002.Frogsandtadpolesobserved at when Gibbsdescribedthemas“almostcompletely invertebrates atthelakeshasn’timproved from Reporting andmonitoringoffrogs provide protectionfrompredation. where boulderbedsandcrevicedclifffaces skink have beenobserved inthecoastalhabitats Common gecko,commonskinksandacopper is asignificantmainlandlizardsitefor Wellington. abundance oflizardsalltheregionalparksand Parangarahu Lakes Area has thegreatest Native lizards,frogsandinvertebrates mallard andparadiseduck. Californian quail,fantail,pukeko,blackswan, common speciesoftensightedatthelakesare are knowntovisitandhuntatthesite.Other NZ shoveler, bellbird,ternsandshags.NZfalcon Also presentareNZpipit,scaup(blackteal), dotterel and variable oystercatchers. beaches areimportantbreedinghabitatforbanded bittern, piedstiltandspotlesscrake.Theshingle including greyduck,NZdabchick, Australasian open water andwetland habitatforwaterfowl, species. Thelakesthemselves provideexcellent native birds,anumberofwhicharethreatened The areaprovidessignificanthabitatformany Native birds MIRO memberatworkinoneofthefencedrestoration areas (photo: OwenSpearpoint). 68 have beeninplacesince2007. measures tocontrolgorseandstopitestablishing along thecoastalescarpmentbetween thelakes, dominate muchofthearea.Foraccessibleareas regeneration andgorse,tauhinumānukanow grazing in2004,therehasbeensubstantialshrub Since theParangarahu Lakes Area was retiredfrom outside thefencedplots. 2007) andthefocusisnowtoextendplanting planted asperalandscaperestorationplan(Park, natural state.Sixnodeshave beenfencedand returning theblocktosomethinglikeitsformer help to‘kick-start’theecologicalprocessesof source forbirdstodisperseacrosstheareaand established, thenodeswillprovidenative seed nodes inthesouthernareaofblock.Once the regenerationprocessbycreatingnative plant Island RestorationOperation(MIRO)areassisting Members ofthecommunitygroupMainland quantity anddiversity. to recolonize,orbereplanted,arevery limitedin means thattheseedsourcesavailable forplants on private landimmediatelytothenorth.This forest inthenorth-west corner,andasmallpatch primary andsecondary(regenerated)inlandhill remaining forestfloraintheparkisasmallareaof that littleindigenous vegetation remains.Theonly farming, thehill-slopeswere modifiedtotheextent settlement byMāoriand,later,withEuropean has changedsignificantlyover the years. During The plantcover oftheParangarahu Lakesarea Forest Flora Gibbs (2002). summary ofthewetland speciesisprovidedby plus smallareasofharakekeflaxland. Auseful ustulatus sedgeland,Carexgeminata are Rauporeedland,toetoegrassland,Cyperus wetland, interspersedwithstretchesofopenwater, The mainvegetation assemblages thatmakeupthe Wetland plants vegetation andthehabitatitprovidesatsite. the additionalbenefitoflegalprotectionfornative which isagreenhousegas.Thecovenant provides to thesequestrationofatmosphericcarbon(CO2), recognises thecontributionthislandusemakes (planted) native vegetation regeneration.Italso covenant identifiesbothnaturalandassisted recreation reserve atParangarahu Lakes.This Sink Covenant over themajorityofGWRC In 2013,GWRCregistereda50year Forest Forest sinkcovenant single-species bedsinshallowwaterbodies. environments andiscapableofformingdense, Elodea isalsoasuccessfulcoloniserindisturbed Egeria’s migrationdownstream andintothelake. has sofaractedasanaturalbarriertoprevent weed beds.ThethickvegationofGollansSwamp capable offorming4to5mtallsurfacereaching nutrient enrichedlakeswithpoorwaterclarity, vegetation. Egeriaisacompetitiveplantinshallow expanded outfrom theedgesintoadjacentnative occurs. Ithasformedlargeweedbedsandalso (90%) intheopenwateroflakeletwhere it more entrenched. Itisnowthedominantplant found thatithadexpandedrapidlyandisbecoming the GollansStream in2011andby2013NIWA Egeria wasfoundintheopenarea ofwaterwithin lake andEgeriadensiainitsuppercatchment. Elodea canadensispresent inthemainbodyof Lake Kohangaterahastheinvasiveoxygenweed outstanding conditionoftheselakesandwetlands. There are significantthreats already present tothe Aquatic weeds Native EcosystemPlanformore information). protect thevaluesoflakes(seeGWRCKey the optionsforcontrolling theseaquaticweedsto in oronthelakes.Itisalsoimportanttoconsider it isimportanttoplacestrictcontrols onactivities example viacontaminatedequipment,boats,ornets, Given thattheweedsare transferred bypeople,for of thelakes,alsorequire control/containment. whichistolerant ofthesalinitylevels as hornwort prevent theirspread. Otherpotentialthreats, such lakes’ ecologicalvalues,andcare mustbetakento These invasiveweedsposeasignificantthreat tothe 69 delicate andfragile. communities, whicharealsosomeofthemost some ofthelakelandscape’smostuniquebiotic The raisedcoastalshinglebeachescomprise Beach andcliff vegetation lower Wainui-o-mata valley. karaka extendedforhalfamile(0.8km)alongthe (15 acres)aslate1890andin1859agrove of Wellington coastasinglegrove stillcovered 6ha karaka groves were very extensive. Onthesouth sustain localMāoripopulations.SomeWellington a nutritiousfoodsourceanddietarysupplementto likely tohave beendeliberatelyplantedtoprovide Wellington regionbutgroves suchasthesewere Māori. Karakatreesdonotoccurnaturallyinthe indicator ofoccupationsitesandcultivation by and LakeKohangateraisregardedasan areas andedgesofbothLakeKohangapiripiri The presenceofkarakagroves besidethewetland Wetlands Karaka Groves aroundParangarahu Lakesand Cultural heritageresources westerly aspecthave a“hotrocks”flora. faces, forexamplethehotdrybluffswithanorth the speciesdeterminedbydirectioneachbluff The rockybluffscontainaninterestingflora,with the lakes,makingarearelatively gorsefree. an ongoingprogrammeofgorsecontrolbetween species. Theseareashave beenfencedandthereis terraces containnumerousrareplantsandanimal Above thebeaches,coastalescarpmentand disturbance orweeds. are nowregeneratingnaturallyintheabsenceof quarrying, roadconstructionand4WDtraffic,but beach have previouslybeensubjecttosand Muehlenbeckia ephedroides. plant andanimalspeciescanbefound,including Photo: KimSkelton Karaka flowers atLake Kohangapiripiri, 6Sept2012 70 Several rareandendemic 74 71 Sectionsofthe

33 DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan 34 DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan programme fortheParangarahu Lakes Area. part oftheculturalrevitalisationandreforestation establishing karakagroves or‘orchards’mayform by gorse,andgenerallynotingoodhealth.Re- Kohangapiripiri, arebark-damaged,surrounded Some ofthekarakatrees,especiallyaroundLake the Parangarahu Lakes Area requiringprotection. important totheculturalheritagelandscapeof iwi asasignificantpartoftheirhistoryand The karakagroves areseenbyTaranaki Whānui over theharvest season. involved youngandoldermembersofthehapū of foodstocks(berries,eels,fishetc)wouldhave places wheresummercampsandthepreserving waka beingpaddledupthelakestothese sheltered Lakes. However, itiseasytoimagineoldtime still bevisitedusingthemarkedtracksaround Today theremnantsofthesekarakagroves can Court on13September1889: recorded inevidencegiven intheNative Land presence of‘cultivations’ atParangarahu is The seasonalharvest ofkaraka berriesandthe Waikanae. Mäori group roasting karaka berriesat Whakarongotai, cultivated previouslywere [listof27names] who hadnorightthere.Thepersons went there.Manypeoplewent theretogetBerries went toParangarahu togetBerriesMuandothers Parangarahu. Helived atPitoone.Whenthepeople us. DidnotseeWikiriwha andkaMangaringaat Page 226…SawMuatParangarahu hewent with Rauakitua andotherstoPitoone… Ngatihine. EruerateUkucamewiththehekeof Ngatihine. MuTahua belongedtoNgatituand to Ngatitu.RangiahutabelongedNgatituand cultivated atParangraahu. EruerateUkubelonged the EuropeansbutnotatParangarahu. Pakitaura Ruta hadcultivations onthelandnowoccupiedby cousin ofPakitaura….[Whakapapa table] Ruta Paruka belongstoNgatiTawhirikura was a Page 225 78 cooked tosoftenthemforeating. berries couldbestoredforseveral monthsandre- out foreating.Cookedandpreserved karaka forefinger it was possibletogetthesoft substance and pressingeachhalfbetween thethumband cutting thehuskaroundmiddlewithashell the berriesbecomefreeoftoughhuskandby stream water foroneortwoweeks. Oncesoaked, for upto12hours,thenimmersedinrunning so astoremove thepoisonbyboilingorsteaming even death.Thekernelswere carefullyprepared spasms, convulsion,permanentdisfigurementand poisonous ifconsumedraw,causingsevere muscle strong apricotflavour.Thekernelshowever are of thebrightorangefruitisedibleandhasa Karaka fruitripenlatesummerandtherawflesh Karaka Berries spikes was bakedintoacake. food sourceandtheyellow pollenfromtheflower raupō seedheads.Thestarchyrhizomeswere a inside ofthepoiisstuffedwithfluffydown traditional covering materialforpoi,whilethe kites andwoven hats.Thedriedleaves arethe rafts. Theleaves were usedforcanoesails, bundles ofstalkscouldbemadeintotemporary the walls androofsofwharestorehouses and The long1–4mstalkswere usedforthatching traditionally usedallpartsofthistaongaspecies. Kohangapiripiri andLakeKohangatera.Māori found inabundancethewetlands ofLake Raupō isawell-known swamp-loving plant Raupō (bulrush) Karaka fruit. Photo: Murray Parsons Women andraupo whare, Karaka Bay, Wellington. 79 75 7677 80 programme atParangarahu Lakes Area. taonga plantspeciesforthe culturalplanting plants whichshouldbeconsidered aspriority Landcare Researchhasproduced alistofweaving native speciesfoundatParangarahu Lakes. sought afterbysomeweavers butnotlistedasa example isKuta(bamboospikesedge)which are usuallyfoundinswamp orwetland areas. An of weaving plantsandbirdfeathers,someofwhich weavers foraccesstolocal,sustainableplantations Whānui weavers andotherWellington-based traps. ThereisagrowingdemandbyTaranaki tukutuku panels,thatching,birdcagesandeel by Māoriforweaving garments,cloaks,kete,rope, material andbirdfeatherswere traditionallyused plants andsupportedvarious birdspecies. Plant contained awidevariety ofindigenous treesand and thehillsides,valleys, wetlands andlakes The Parangarahu Lakes Area was onceforested Weaving plantsandmaterials http://www.gw.govt.nz/raupo/ pungapunga. mixed withwater, andbakedintocakescalled blown pollenwascollectedfrom theflowerspikes, into cakescalledpungapunga.Theabundantwind the flowerspikes,mixedwithwater, andbakedit collected theabundantwind-blownpollenfrom used tostuff theirpillowsandmattresses. Mäori release fluffy seeds,whichearlyEuropean settlers single, long,brown spike(bulrushhead).Thespikes tiny flowers,whichare denselyclumpedintoa starch filledrhizomes(underground stems).Ithas over winterandgrows again inthespringfrom in theselargerareas ofraupo. Raupodiesback threatened maketheirhome Australasianbittern hectares offertileswamp. Spotless crakeandthe months. Raupocanbethedominantplantover inundated areas thatmay be verydryinthesummer from fairlydeepandpermanent waterstoseasonally wetland plant.Itisavigorous plantthatwillgrow Raupo (bulrush) isadistinctiveandabundant 81 • been identifiedandarelistedbelow. of Parangarahu Lakes.Someparticularissueshave There arearangethreatstotheecologicalvalues Threats • • • Wharariki Toetoe köuka Ti Raupö Pïngao Neinei Kiekie Käretu Käpüngäwhä Houhere Harakeke Mäori name

the sea(seefishpassagetextbox) Restricted fishpassagebetween thelakesand Plan. will continueaspartofimplementing theKNE birds. Trappinghasoccurred since2009and cats areamajorpredatorof thesethreatened indicated thathedgehogsand perhapsferal banded dotterelsontheshingle beacheshas Investigation intothenestingsuccessof on coastalandwetland birdsandtheireggs. cats andhedgehogs Mustelids (stoats,ferrets&weasels), rats, use oftoxinsandtraps. bovine tuberculosis(TB),mainlythroughthe programme aimstocontrolthevectors of throughout thelower EastHarbourarea.Their since 2006,aspartofawider-scaleoperation undertaken possumcontrolintheblock Possum: The Animal HealthBoardhas animals arethemainfocusofcontrol: controlled tosomedegree.Thefollowing present atParangarahu Lakesarebeing Animal pests:mostpestanimalsspecies spread; marramcontrol. boneseed beyondBurdansGatetoprevent edge speciesBeggar’s ticks; dominant ;thecontrolofexoticwetland from thecoastalscarpwhereitisnotyet Terrestrial weeds: stagedremoval ofgorse aquatic weeds textbox) Canadensis, Egeriadensiaandhornwort(see trichophyllus Potamogetoncrispus,Elodea Aquatic weeds, including mountain flax toetoe cabbage tree bulrush golden sandsedge grass tree kiekie holy grass lake clubrush lacebark New Zealandflax name Other common : Thesemustelidspredate Ranunculus thecontrolof Phormium cookianum Cortaderia spp. Cordyline australis Typha orientalis Ficinia spiralis Dracophyllum spp. Freycinetia banksii Hierochloe redolens tabernaemontani Schoenoplectus Hoheria sextylosa Phormium tenax Scientific name

35 DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan 36 DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan threats. Refer Objectives 2&7foractionstoaddressthese •

o o o Human activities: farmers madeaware ofwandering stock. the blockareshotbyGWRCofficersand interim goatsandpigsthataresightedwithin upgraded thisissuewilllessenbutinthe inadequate boundaryfencing. As fencesare as well assheepandcattle-largelydueto continues tobeincursionsofgoatsandpigs the removal ofstockfromthearea,there Ungulates (stock,deer,goats&pigs) park. lakes. specifically aquatic weeds toorbetween the road vehicle use. disturbed byhumanactivityincludingoff- are vulnerabletobeingtroddenor Introduction andtransferofw Raised beachfloraandfaunacommunities Impacts ofincreasedvisitornumberstothe eeds, : Despite spraying programme). Rocky Point(inconjunctionwiththemarramgrass carried outalongthedunesfrom Burdans gateto poppy(Glauciumflavum)hasbeen targeting horned other weedsonthedunes.Extensivecontrol work reduced GWRCisnowlookingatcontrolling various As thedensityofmarramgrasshasbeen banded dotterel. also provided asuitablebreeding habitatforthe in theareas cleared. Destructionofthemarramhas the nativedunecushionplantcommunityhasthrived annually. Significantprogress hasbeenmadeand dunes. Sincethencontrol work hasbeenundertaken GWRC tofundamarramcontrol programme onthe partnership wasformedbetweenHCC,DOCand of marramgrass(Ammophilaarenaria). In2009a gravel duneswere beingthreatened bytheinvasion The surveyidentifiedthatthenaturalvaluesof plant-insect interactions. shingle size,pristinenature, rare plants,moths,and are considered tobeofnationalimportancedue immediately belowLakeKohangapiripiri.Thedunes plant speciesbeingpresent onthegraveldunes was quiteuniquewithanumberofrare cushion found thatthecoastalplantcommunityinarea the coastaldunesbordering theLakesarea. Itwas In 2008Landcare Research conductedasurveyof A successstory:beatingbackMarramGrass. ongoing Māori use,thehistoriclighthouse and (refer Section 3).EvidenceofPre-European and The heritagevalues ofthis areaareexceptional immediate actionproposed bythisplan. loop trackalongthesideof Kohangateraisan removed in2013.Completionof an alternative the boardwalk northofLakeKohangaterawas to circumnavigateeachof the lakeshowever permits. Untilrecentlyvisitorshave beenable and thenventure intothelakesiftimeandenergy escarpment tothehistoricPencarrow Lighthouse The majorityofvisitorswillfollowthepathup across totheSouthIsland. over Wellington harbourandfurtherouttosea lakes, andfromhighervantage pointswidevistas views oftheruggedcoast,panoramicscenesat watching andphotography.Visitors canenjoy the areahasbecomeapopularlocationforbird activities arewalking andmountainbiking and are illustratedonMap4.Theprimaryrecreation The tracksandactivitiesprovidedforinthepark Recreation for undertheReserves Act 1977. GWRC hasdelegatedmanagementresponsibility policies ofthisplanastheyapplytoreserve land Network Plan -toaccommodatetherelevant have amendmenttheEHRPchapterofParks give effecttothisco-managementplan,GWRC co-management hasevolved. Torecogniseand to Taranaki Whanaui,andfromthis,aneweraof lakes, andthedendroglyphsiteswere returned lakebeds, formeresplanadestripsofthetwo As aresultofTreatySettlement,in2009the GWRC. Ha ofCrownownedrecreationreserve vested in the 360HaofGWRCrecreationreserve andthe14 Network Plan (2011),whichincludesasectionon regional parksandforestsistheGWRCParks restoration. Thecurrentmanagementplanfor infrastructure andundertakingenvironmental time planshave beenpreparedforimproved park that formedEHRPwas developed in1995.Over The firstmanagementplanforthepubliclands granted however thisceasedin2004. Regional Park (EHRP). A grazing licencewas Lakes Block,was includedwithintheEastHarbour and theland,thenreferredtoasPencarrow of thearea.RecreationReserve statuswas sought outstanding cultural,landscapeandnaturalvalues the area,bringingawareness andprotectiontothe and wetlands. Thispurchaseallowed publicinto Lakes inrecognitionoftheimportancelakes of farmlandthatsurroundedtheParangarahu environmental groups,GWRCpurchased360Ha In 1992withthesupportofDOCandseveral Regional Park (seealsopage22) Parangarahu LakeslandaspartofEastHarbour Section 5:ManagementofthelandasaRegionalPark Scientific) to theLakes(refertextbox:FromWildlife to fauna andpreservation ofthequalities unique focus tothepreservation ofindigenous floraand Scientific Reserve shiftsthe primarymanagement on thelakes;however thenewclassificationof Reserve allowed recreationalshootingbypermit reserve classificationof Wildlife Management Lakes bypermitfromDOC.TheLakes’previous dedicated shooterseachyear andismanagedatthe activities. Duckshootingattractsasmallgroupof exception fordogsassociatedwithduckshooting ecological values however therehasbeenan are notpermittedatthelakesduetohigh by permitandrestrictedtospecifictracks.Dogs and horseridinghaspreviouslybeenmanaged There hasbeennocampingallowed inthearea, this plan. values withintheparkandthisisanobjective of knowledge andimprove interpretationofthese relationship providesopportunitytosharethis lake weeds withinand betweenthe lakes. to thelakesas awaytostopthespread of aquatic water ecologists istorestrict anyrecreational access species. Recommendation from NIWA andfresh the uniquevalueswithinand exterminatingexotic stratum) givesastrong weightingtoprotecting to scientific reserve statusforthelakes(crown lakes isprohibited. Thechangefrom wildlifereserve of Egeriaoccursandanymovement betweenthe within GollansWetland where themaininfestation principles. Exclusionareas includetheopenwater can occurandmore rigorgivento‘check,clean,dry’ had somerestrictions placedonwhere inthelakesit discovery oftheinvasiveaquaticweeds,huntinghas a smallgroup ofhunters.Inrecent years,sincethe Duck huntingatthelakesisapopularpastimeof the Lakesthatexistonprivateland. This continuestobethecasefortributariesof eeling couldtakeplacebyconsentofthelandowner. were formallypartofOrongorongo Stationand taking ofeelsisprohibited. Priorto1984theLakes of commercial purposeandtherefore commercial notice (18thFebruary1988)makesnomention Management Reservesin1987andthegazette were transferred intotheDOCestateasWildlife eeling attheParangarahuLakes.TheLakes sometimes beenraisedinrelation tocommercial the establishmentofreserve. Thisquestionhas prohibited unlessthetakingwasaconditionof or killingoffaunaforcommercial purposesis relates tothetakingorkillingoffauna.The Reserves Act1977.Section50(1)ofthis Reservesare administeredWildlife underthe From WildlifetoScientific people visitthereserve. and heritagevalues don’tfeatureasareason visitor surveys however disclosedthatcultural shipwrecks arevisibleandwell recorded.Recent 82 Thenewco-management

37 DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan 38 DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan Map 4: Parangarahu Lakes Area, mapofrecreationalactivities karaka groves. In 1959 Adkin discovered thedendroglyphin and have formedthebasisforplantspecieslists. and N.T. Moarfocusedonrecordingtheecology trees ofthearea.BotanistssuchasRuthMason the 1950sstudiesfocusedonnative plantsand have happenedalongWellington’s southcoast.In clues forunderstandingthewiderchangesthat on geologyastheareaprovidessomeimportant subject ofscientificresearch.Initiallythefocus was Right fromtheearly1900sareahasbeen Education, researchandmonitoring Station andTakarangi Blockowners. lakes, willrequirepermissionsfromOrongorongo Securing ongoingaccessforthepublicbeyond access BaringHeadandtheRimutakaCycleroute. for recreationalcyclistsandwalkers wanting to Access beyondtheHCCownedroadisdesirable outfall west ofKohangapiripirioutlet.Public by HCCrunsbetween BurdensGateandthesewer Horokiwi Quarry.Theroad,ownedandmanaged Pencarrow Lodgevisitors,contractorsand management agencies,private landowners, access tothelakesandbeyondforpublic, end. Pencarrow CoastRoadprovidesimportant Pencarrow CoastRoadfromBurdansGateroad Access tothelakesisbyfootorcyclevia Access Legend Pencarrow lighthouse Gravel road Tramping track Walking track andMt. biking Grassland Wetlands Scrub Broadleaf forest ®rowth Mixed forest historic

96 Lighthouse Track Parangarahu Lakes Area Parangarahu Lakes Block

circuit

KohangapiripiriLake 157

Cameron Ridge terraces Marine Fitzroy Bay

Track 108 47

KohangateraLake landowners. ReferObjective 8. maintaining goodrelationshipswithadjacent Land managementincludesestablishingand Chapter 4,NaturalEnvironment. of pestanimalandplantthreatsarediscussedin responsible agenciesandvolunteers.Management to somedegreeduecombinedeffortsby Plant andanimalpestsarebeingcontrolled Land management,pestcontrol dotterel hasbeenundertaken. investigation ofthenestingsuccessbanded around thelakesandoncoastaspecialist Zealand) hasbeeninvolved inbirdmonitoring completed. OSNZ(OrnithologicalSocietyofNew Bird, fishandlizardsurveys have alsobeen LakeSPI (SubmergedPlant Indicators)assessment. national wetland conditionmonitoringandNIWAs Lakes arenowincludedintheLandcareResearch’s In 2006vegetation mappingwas undertaken.Both changes thatoccurredaftergrazingwas stopped. and photopointswere establishedtorecordthe Vegetation Survey plotswere installedin 2004 GWRCs biodiversity monitoringprogramNational monitoring andresearchattheLakes. As partof ownership therehasbeengreateropportunityfor Certainly, sincetheareacameintopublic 182 Lakes Block circuit

145 Gollans Stream Gollans 1 kilometre

200 wetland 140 High point High Viewing point Wildlife biking Mountain Tramping Walking Mapboard Bridge orboardwalkBridge Lighthouse 133 (height inmetres) 224 potential toallow customaryharvest inthefuture. sustaining andinsomeinstances thriving,with we willseeecosystemsthatareincreasingly self- through humanaction. As actionsareundertaken, improve theorangaofParangarahu Lakes Area others remainmoreintact. Thereisscopeto Some ecosystemsarehighlymodifiedordegraded, overall healthoftheParangarahu Lakes Area. ecosystems thatcontributetotheorangaand recognises theinterconnectednessofvarious Adopting anintegratedcatchmentapproach around theLakes. indigenous floraandfaunapopulationsin Area ecosystemtosustainvitalandhealthy ecological integrityoftheParangarahu Lakes Objective 1:Restorethemouriandmaintain Objectives and Actions for activitiesonreserve land. policy, includingtheadministrationofconcessions resourced forundertakingimplementationofthe the immediatefuture,GWRCismainagency built upwithinGWRCandTaranaki Whānui.In capacity (skills,resourcesandexperience)are that theleadagencymaychangeover timeas a leadagencynotedalongside.Itisanticipated management relationship.Eachpolicy/actionhas strengths thateachpartnerbringstotheco- The implementationofthisplanreliesonthe • • • • based onpriority: actions aredescribedandhave beencategorised Moemoeā –Vision. Undereachobjective various focus fortheRoopuTiakiinworkingtowards the this plan(andbeyond).Theobjectives providethe and actionstobeundertakenduringthelifeof This sectionprovidesthemanagementobjectives Introduction Section 6:ManagementObjectivesandActions

implications. likely tohave significantfundingandresource contribute totheMoemoeā–Vision. Theyare not occurwithinthelifeofthisplanbutcould actions thatareinter-generationalandmay Possible long-termopportunities:those occur withina3-10year timeframe. achieve, orcanwait tobeachieved. Thiswould immediate priority,requirefundingbidsto either followonfromactivitiesthatarean Medium priority:thoseactivitiesthatmay (within thenextthreeyears) resources andfocusintheimmediatefuture Immediate priority:thosethatdemand usual’ undertaken andareconsidered‘businessas Current activities:thosethatarealreadybeing vii DOCProtocolas containedinPort NicholsonBlock (Taranaki Whanui ki valued site and thepotentialfornewinfestations and wetlands highlightsthefragility ofthishighly types ofinvasive aquatic pestplantinthelakes indigenous floraandfauna. Thepresenceoftwo exterminate exoticfloraandfaunapreserve there isarequirementtoasfarpossible As theLakeshave scientificreserve classification, effects ofprimarilyexoticpestplantsandanimals. health isreducingoreliminatingthenegative The secondaspectofimprovingenvironmental Parangarahu Lakes Area. where theseinterferewiththeorangaof Objective 2:Controlpestplants/animals Actions: 1.2 1.1 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 te Upoko oteIka) DeedofSettlement managing theParangarahuLakesArea. DOC andPNBSTisconsidered when To ensure theprotocol between Strait andTararua EcologicalDistricts. using plantssourced withintheCook tree speciesthrough activereplanting To encouragethereturnofnativeplant/ Current activity(businessasusual) practices. and express theirculturalvaluesand enable Taranaki Whänuitomaintain priority giventotaongaspeciesthat in theParangarahuLakesArea, with provide ahighchanceoftheirsurvival where conditionscanbecontrolled to To reintroduce ‘oncepresent’ species Possible longtermopportunity discharges. catchment streams from erosion and of lakemargins,wetlandsandupper riparian marginsandtheprotection through restoration plantingon To improve thenativefishhabitat Medium priority nets). as rongoa, kai,weavingofbasketsand may beaccessedforculturaluse(such include potentialsitesandspeciesthat significance, maintainviewshaftsand growing conditions,protect sitesof To managereplanting tooptimise consistent withthisplan. Native EcosystemPlan,inamanner through theParangarahuLakesKey To managebiodiversityinthearea Immediate priority these owners. management actionsthatmayaffect notice ofanybiosecurityissuesorother regular communicationandearly other adjoininglandownersincluding To workcollaborativelywithHCCand vii GWRC LEAD TW/DOC GWRC TW/ LEAD GWRC TW/ LEAD GWRC LEAD TW/ HCC GWRC/

39 DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan 40 DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan Actions: Whānui. provides forcustomaryharvest forTaranaki covenant forthelakebedswhichspecifically to. Thismustbebalancedagainsttheconservation if biosecuritymeasuresarenotcarefullyadhered 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.1 environment. on otherspeciesandthereceiving pest control desired, budgetandeffect depending onthescaleandnature of mechanical methodswillbetolerated A rangeofchemical,manualor necessary formanagementorresearch. exclusion area apartfrom those prohibiting allactivitieswithin the canadensis andEgeriadensaby To control infestationsofElodea Immediate priority Parangarahu LakesArea. sheep, pigsandcattlefrom the boundary fencing,eliminatinggoats, to installandmaintainstock-proof To workwithadjoininglandowners Maui Trust (FisheriesTrust). the Te AtiawakiteUpokooIkaa freshwater fisheriesinpartnershipwith processes tomanagecustomary eel fishinganduseappropriate tikanga current MAFprohibition ofcommercial To supportthecontinuationof occurrences ofpestplants. and appropriate control ofanynew boneseed, plusongoingsurveillance poppy,grass, horned beggarsticksand a current focuson:gorse,marram targeted control ofpestplants,with To workwithHCCandDOCtodo o control mustelids(stoats,ferrets a) Current activity(businessasusual) o partnerwithappropriate d) o investigate localcontrol measures c) o ensure ongoingeradiation b) dotterel), including: improving nativebird life(e.g.banded a focusonreducing predators and To undertakepestanimalcontrol with compromise themouriofLakes. eradication processes whichdonot fish incursionsthrough appropriate lakes torespond toanyseriouspest To workwithDOCasmanagersofthe and GWRCstaff. using Taranaki Whänuiiwimembers T shooting (goats andpigs)through trapsand and weasels),hedgehogs,ungulates T waterfowl onthelakes. agencies tocontrol exotic management ofpossums T T GWRC GWRC LEAD GWRC Trust Fisheries GWRC/ TW/ GWRC LEAD GWRC priority objective ofthismanagement plan. the eelfisheryin Parangarahu Lakes areaisa kai atmaraetomanaakimanuhiri. Restorationof tikanga, especiallytheability toprovidetraditional Whanui inmaintainingtheirculturalpracticesand (eels) areataongaspeciesthatvitaltoTaranaki contributed tothecollapseofthiseelfishery. Tuna fish passagethroughroadingculverts have all as raisedgravel beaches,andalterationofthe to theseaoutletscausedbynaturalfactorssuch eeling, overfishing, farmingactivities,changes many generations. A combinationofcommercial fishery andmahingakaifortangatawhenuaover The Lakeswere oncerecognisedasamajoreel catchments. Kohangapiripiri andLakeKohangatera Objective 3:RestoretheeelfisheryofLake 2.9 2.8 2.7 catchment. and streams onproperties inthe native vegetativebuffers towetlands aquatic weedinfestations.Enhance or remove, where practical,invasive Work withthelandowner(s)tocontrol minimal effect onnativeaquaticfauna. canadensis andEgeriadensawith To trialsolutionsthattargetElodea ol themovementof e. d. c. b. Prohibit duckhuntingonthelakes ohibit alltypesofrecreational a. f. invasive weedintheLakes: ensure thatthere isnofurtherspread of to adopt,thefollowingmeasures to advocate toDOCandotherlandowners To adopt,orwhere appropriate biosecurity threats. the aquaticweedinfestationsand online andwrittenpublicationson Educate thepublicthr Clean, Dryprinciples) cleansing ofequipment–Check, phytosanitary practices(disinfectant All accessmustadhere tothe and managementpurposesonly. body forresearch, culturalharvest above, limitaccesstothewater Notwithstanding (a)and(b) on site Operation Procedures andsignage through theuseofStandard Kohangatera andKohangapiripiri equipment betweenLakes Contr (Canadian pondweed)are found waterweed) andelodiaCanadensis zone where egeriadensia(Brazilian access totheareas andbuffer Pr control and/oreradication identify managementoptionsfor extent ofeachweedtoensure and Determine thr ough surveythe ough signage, DOC GWRC/ GWRC GWRC oral historiesandassociated tereo. cultural heritage,withafocusonpreservingthe this objective referstotheintangibleaspectsof archaeological sitesreferto Appendix 3.Further, occupation too.Foralistofthecurrentlyrecorded that therearesignificantsitesrelatingtoEuropean these areprimarilyofMāoriorigin,itisrecognised found withintheParangarahu Lakes Area. While This objective is focused firstly on the physical sites histories (oralandwritten)preserved. features ofthelandscapeisunderstoodandtheir That thesignificanceofculturalandnatural accordance withkaitiakitangaprinciples. waahi taongaoftheParangarahu Lakes Area in cultural heritage,sitesofsignificanceandother Objective 4:Protectandmanagethehistoric Actions: 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.1 Current activity(businessasusual) Potiki Trust (FisheriesTrust). Te AtiawakiteUpokooIkaaMaui in partnershipwithiwikaitiakiandthe in theParangarahuLakesArea working based policyforcustomaryeelfishing To developanappropriate tikanga Possible longtermopportunity tikanga associatedwiththeeelfishery. Taranaki Whanuiculturalpracticesand contribute totherevitalisation of programmes andwänangathat To facilitateandsupporteducational area. the eelfisheryatParangarahuLakes knowledge andmataurangaMäoriof projects thatincrease scientific To facilitateandsupportresearch Medium priority kaitiaki where possible. purposes, usingTaranaki Whanuiiwi and managementdecisionmaking to collectandstore dataforanalysis in bothlakesandcatchments quality ofeelhabitatsandstocks To carryoutregular monitoringofthe currently hasaperched outlet. given toLakeKohangapiripiri,which channels andculverts,withpriority construction workstoimprove the To seekfundingfornecessary Immediate priority seasons. native fishmigrationsintheappropriate opening oftheseaoutletstoallow through thechannelsandculverts best optionforimproving waterflow system ofbothLakesandidentify To review andanalysecurrent hydrology LEAD TW LEAD TW TW LEAD TW All LEAD All Actions: 3.11 3.10 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.1 other documentsrelating totheplace. Mäori landcourtminuteevidence or video interviews,linkstorelevant maps, history ofMäorinames,oralhistories, and includingaculturallayerwith Mapping project usingGIS technology Lakes area through CulturalHeritage To record culturalknowledgeabout Possible longtermopportunity communicators orguides. Taranaki Whänuiiwimembersaskey and wherever possibleusing documents, interpretative panels) (e.g. tours,events,webandwritten the area through variousmediums To promote theretelling ofstories degradation, ofthisheritage. to minimisedamage,destructionand for example,topromote protection or cultural heritageandwaahitaonga, of thehistoric,archaeological and raise publicawareness aboutthevalues To provide appropriate informationto information waahi taongaandrelated historical archaeological andhistoricsites, To maintainadatabaseof Medium priority maps. appropriate indicateusingsignageand of features withinthearea andwhere To research traditionalMäorinames destruction anddegradation. carvings) from vandalism,damage, To protect thedendroglyph (tree Immediate priority destruction anddegradation. Lighthouse from vandalism,damage, NZ toprotect thehistoricPencarrow To workwiththeHistoricPlacesTrust course ofwork. archaeological sitesbedisturbedinthe Discovery Protocol shouldany To followtheGWRCAccidental use anddevelopment. coast,fromthe southern inappropriate and interglacialmarineterracesalong geological features, theraisedbeaches To advocatefortheprotection of this managementplan. conflict withtheMoemoeā-visionof use anddevelopmentoractivitiesthat and catchmentsfrom inappropriate To protect theParangarahuLakesArea taonga. historic andculturalheritagewaahi that avoids,orminimisesimpactson and parkactivitiesdevelopinaway restoration plans,visitoramenities To ensure thatenvironmental Current activity(businessasusual) TW LEAD TW TW GWRC/ TW GWRC/ LEAD GWRC TW/ TW LEAD GWRC GWRC TW GWRC/ TW GWRC/ TW GWRC/ LEAD

41 DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan 42 DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan Actions: measurable progresstowards theMoemoeā-vision. community membersisvitaltoachieving The continuedsupportandinvolvement of kaitiakitanga responsibilities. practice, andtofulfilstatutorymanagement Taranaki Whānuitodemonstrateco-governance in This isimportantforboththeCounciland (hosting and/orguidingofvisitors). restoration, culturalwānanga,manaakimanuhiri volunteering, educationactivities,environmental at alllevels forexample,throughstaffing, it ishopedthattherewillbeincreasedengagement governance/management level ofengagementand >> visitors.TheRoopuTiakigroupsitsinthe >> internshipsvoluntaryworkeducation ranges from:governance >>paidmanagement that isavailable toTaranaki Whānuiwhich iwi kaitiaki.Thereisacontinuumofengagement mātauranga tobepassedonnewgenerationsof co managementopensupnewopportunitiesfor The Treaty Settlement cultural redress package and community. management byTaranaki Whānuiiwiandthe participation inactivitiesatthelakesand Objective 5:Fosterkaitiakitanga andgreater 5.1 5.7 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.3 5.2 Current activity(businessasusual) or removal ofculturalmaterials process fortheintroduction, use To approval facilitateaRoopuTiaki purpose ofcultural harvest. preservation ofkarakagroves forthe To investigateoptionsfortheactive or weaving. fishing, gatheringofplantsfor rongoa other kai,sustainablecustomary eel seasonal harvestofkarakaberries and by Taranaki Whänuiinthearea, suchas To revive culturalpracticesundertaken taonga therein. the ParangarahuLakesArea andthe to developmätaurangaMäoriabout replenish theirculturalpätaka, and restore tikanga/culturalpractices,to wänanga byTaranaki Whänuito To facilitatedayandovernight Medium priority planting, pestcontrol, monitoring). in environmental restoration (e.g. and Taranaki Whänuiiwimembers engage agencies,thecommunity To facilitatecollaborativeprojects that Immediate priority participation. the uptakeofopportunitiesfor To monitorandreport yearlyon principles ofkaitiakitanga. sense ofguardianship andapplyingthe the valuesofarea andfosteringa emphasis onincreasing awareness of Taranaki Whänuiiwimembers,withan To identifyopportunitiesforinvolving Taranaki Whänuiiwimembers. xi by LEAD TW TW TW LEAD TW/ HCC GWRC/ LEAD TW GWRC/ TW TW GWRC/ Actions: • • • • • • tangata kaitiaki reported inausefulandpracticalmannerforall perspectives, andimpacts aremeasuredand making isinformedfromMāoriandnon-Māori- Objective 6:Lakesmanagement decision- xiii xii xi CulturalMaterialsincludeplants, plantmaterials, andmaterials derived the lakeecosysteminclude: Physical elementsthatreflectthestateofmouri ecosystem healthfromaMāoriperspective. of thisareatoMāoriandbeingablereporton emphasis onunderstandingculturalimportance monitoring. However, todate,therehasbeenlittle by various agenciesthatprovideabaseforfuture There have beenanumberofstudiescompleted 6.4 6.3 6.2 6.1

PNBST aspartofDeedSettlement) practices (seeCulturalMaterialssectioninDOCProtocolsignedwith Taranaki Whanui inmaintainingand expressingculturalvalues and from animals, marinemammalsorbirdswhichareimportantto good aquality, ifnotbetterquality, than today. taonga areavailable foruseandenjoymentbyfuturegenerationsin as protection ofthetaongaParangarahu Lakes Area sothatthese as guardians, protectorsandcaretakers andwhoareinvolvedinthe cultural obligationsasmanawhenua, andothertangatatiakiwhoact Kaitiaki forthepurposesofthisplanmeans iwikaitiakiwhohave Policy, page13 Adapted frommauri indicatorsin productive capacity fitness forculturalusage; catchment towetland, tolakeandoutsea; continuity offlow water fromtheupper depth andflowof water; indigenous floraandfauna; life supportingcapacityandpresenceof water; aesthetic qualitiese.g.clarityandsmellof Immediate priority new research. Mäori relating tongahere (forest) with To revitalise andenhancematauranga indigenous fisheryforthefuture. undertaken toprotect and sustainthe technology andinnovativeresearch species intheLakesarea with new Mäori abouteelandothernativefish To revitalise andenhancematauranga Medium priority particularly duringeelmigrationtimes. fish migrationthrough theseaoutlets, water flowandlevelstypesof To carryoutregular monitoringofthe managers to enableinformeddecisionmakingby vitality oftheParangarahuLakesArea understanding oftheoverallhealthand vision. Theaimistobuildastronger related totheorangaelementsof using scientificandculturalindicators and programme thatenablesreporting To establishamonitoringframework xii . xiii . Te Runanga o Ngai Tahu Freshwater LEAD TW TW LEAD TW GWRC/ GW/TW Actions: unsuitable. into areasthatmaybeculturallyorecologically to areasandactivitiesthatareappropriatenot put inplace.Itisalsoimportanttodirectvisitors area toabsorbuseandwherelimitsmayneedbe It isimportanttounderstandthecapacityof reflects thisisolation. low visitornumbersandaexperiencethat from thecarparkandurbanareameansrelatively lighthouse. However, theremotenessoflakes higher lookoutpoints,includingthePencarrow Lake Kohangapiripiriandaccessanumberof Currently tracksallowvisitorstocircumnavigate experience. and beingrefreshednurturedfromthe to appreciationofthenaturalenvironment Objective 7:Recreationopportunities lead 7.9 7.8 7.7 7.6 7.5 7.4 7.3 7.2 7.1 toilet facilitiesatasuitablelocation. lake, intheleeofwindandbasic For example,apicnicarea near the • • • Current activity(businessasusual) guide groups. To buildcapacity of thelocaliwito written/visual interpretation. and cultural–usingbothpeople and the storiesofarea, bothnatural To developinnovativewaystotell and enjoymentofthearea, whilst: will allowvisitorstoextendtheirstay appropriate standard, amenitiesthat To provide andmaintaintoan Medium priority names forplacesandlandmarks. To revive theuseoftraditionalMäori Immediate priority rähui safety, parkoperations,wähitapuor public accessforreasons suchaspublic To temporarilyclosepartsofthesiteto reporting totheRoopuTiaki. well asvisitorexperience,withannual To monitorvisitoruseandimpact,as 7 Rulesforuseanddevelopment). objectives ofthisplan(refer toSection that are consistentwiththevisionand To administerconcessionsforactivities programme. annual Great OutdoorsSummerEvents To includetoursofthearea inthe mountain bikers. for someshared usebywalkersand walking trackstandard thatprovides To maintainatracknetworkto setting andheritageofthearea ensuring thatdesignr and culturalsensitivity environmental qualityand ecological avoiding ar unstable landorerosion avoiding naturalhazar eas ofoutstanding eflects the ds suchas GWRC LEAD TW HPTNZ GWRC/ TW/ LEAD TW LEAD TW GWRC/ GWRC TW GWRC/ GWRC GWRC Actions: plan developed toachieve theMoemoeā-visionof agencies, landownersandcommunitygroupsare Objective 8:Strategicpartnerships between 8.4 8.3 8.2 8.1 of landcovered withinthisplan. implement beyondthelegalboundaries To seethevisionrecognised and Possible longtermopportunity the vision. work programme andprogress towards land managementtodiscusstheyearly landowners andagenciesinvolvedin To meetannuallywithadjacent this plan. of thevision,valuesandobjectivesin improve awareness amongstakeholders meeting theobjectivesofthisplan,and (time, money, skills)tobeusedin support contributionsofresources To developpartnershipsthatwill Immediate priority Parangarahu LakesArea. in environmental restoration ofthe To workwithcommunitygroups Current activity(businessasusual) LEAD HCC/TW DOC/ GWRC/ All LEAD GWRC LEAD

43 DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan 44 DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan oversight. subject totikangabeingfollowed andRoopuTiaki of thearea,followingactivities mayoccur Taranaki Whānuitakinguptheirrole askaitiaki exercise theirkaitiakiresponsibilities. Topromote ownership itisimperative thatiwi areableto Recognising thatthisareaisnowinjoint Taranaki Whänuikaitiakiactivities Health Act. Biosecurity Act, ForestRuralFire Act orthePublic access isanobligationunderaspecific Act,suchasthe maintenance andpestcontrol.Sometimes,restricting may befrom(butnotlimitedto)naturalhazards,park site, orwherethereisadangertothepublic,which environmental orculturaldegradationofaparticular restrictions ofaccesswherecontinuedwillcause Lakes Area sonoapprovals arerequired.Theremaybe Allowed activitiesmayoccurasofrightatParangarahu Approvals required: d. c. b. alking, running,hiking, trampingonall a. (of lessthan30people): allowed tobeundertakenbyindividualsorgroups well-being ofvisitors.Thefollowingactivitiesare park values andprovideforthehealth, safetyand but maybesubjecttorestrictionsprotectthe These activitiesmaybeundertakeninthepark Allowed activities activities carriedoutformanagementpurposes. obtaining consent.Thissectiondoesnotapplyto for various activitiesandtheprocessrequiredfor This sectionstateswhatpermissionsarerequired use (throughprohibitions,limitsandconditions). through visitingalsorequiressomerestrictionsof Lakes Area andtheexperiencethatpeoplereceive the protectionofvalues oftheParangarahu easement) orresourceconsent.However, for a concession(intheformoflease,licenceor that canoccurasofrightandothersrequire provides someconstraintsonthetypeofactivities Act 1977andResourceManagement Act 1991 Lakes Area. LegislationundertheReserves activities andrecreationalpursuitsatParangarahu the provisionforandmanagementofcustomary This partoftheplanoutlinesrulesrelatingto Section 7:Rulesforuseanddevelopment and non-commercialpurposes Filming orphotographyforpersonal,family trails W Picnicking (includingtheuseofgasstov designated picnicareas trails. with considerationtootherusersonshared Mountain bikingondesignatedsharedtrails, es) in e. day/overnight wananga d. culturalhealthindexmonitoring from theRoopuTiaki. require approval (eitherinadvance orretrospective) be dealtwithbytherelevant officer. All permitswill Applications cangenerallybemadeonlineandwill system whichisadministeredbyGreaterWellington. These activitiesarehandledthroughthepermit Approvals required ** Notassociatedwithtangatawhenuaactivities. permit systemorrangerapproval: between users. Allocation ismadethrougha to avoidover-allocation ofresourcesandconflict regulate temporaryexclusive useofanarea,and use. Permits areusedwherethereisaneedto allocation ofaparkareaorstructureforspecific specific locationandmayinvolve temporary These activitiesaregenerallyundertakenina Managed activities by theRoopuTiakiattheirnextmeeting. PNBST representative andthenretrospectively granted may begrantedbyagreementbetween aGWRCand Where thereareshorttimeframesinvolved, approval permits whichareprocessedbyGreaterWellington. Regional Parks wheresomeoftheseactivitiesrequire Roopu Tiaki(referobjective 5.1). Thisdiffersfromother be plannedandundertakenwiththeapproval ofthe These activitiesarepartofparkmanagementandwill Approvals required: f. conductingresearch c. b. a. Wananga (verb) (-hia,-tia)tomeetanddiscuss. (noun)seminar, xiv c. b. Conductingresearchoreducationaltours** a. learning. http://www.maoridictionary.co.nz conference, forum, educationalseminar. (noun)tribal knowledge, lore, eel collection** planting ofnativ Collection ofnaturalmateriale.g.seed species suitableforweaving cultural harv for groups Specified siteandparkfacilitiesreserv collection ofnaturalmaterialsforother purposes e.g.seedandmouristones est ofkaraka,rongaandplant e vegetation andrestockingof xiv ations

45 DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan 46 DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan c. Depositing rubbish b. Erectionofprivate dwellings andstructures a. Spreadingofashesorbody parts The followingactivitiesare prohibited: Forests andReserve Bylaw 2009. through theGreaterWellington RegionalParks, Enforcement ofallactivitieswillgenerallybe incompatible withthevalues beingsafeguarded. environment, onotherapproved activitiesorare because oftheirpermanentadverse effectsonthe These activitiesareconsideredinappropriate Prohibited Activities the jurisdictionofeachagency. areas andlandtitlescovered bytheplantounderstand make adecision.RefertoSection1ofthisplanforthe as theadministeringbodywherethereisadelegationto remains theresponsibilityoflandowneroragency on acourseofactionmadebutfinaldecisionmaking considered bytheRoopuTiakiandrecommendations All decisionsonrestrictedactivitieswillbeinitially Approvals required that aparticularbodymakesthefinaldecision. Settlement Trust or DOC where legislation requires of aconcessiontoGWRC,PortNicholsonBlock necessary recommendingtheapproval ordecline making bodyforallconcessions,andwhere 2013. TheRoopuTiakiwillbetheinitialdecision GWRC Parks andForestsConcessionGuidelines out intheParks NetworkPlan 2011andthe by GreaterWellington usingtheguidelinesset The processingofallconcessionswillbemanaged • Beofacommercialnature e theexclusive useofanareafor • • They may: declined. can beeitherapproved, subjecttoconditions,or applications mayneedtobepubliclynotifiedand and appropriatenesstothelocation.Some considered onitsindividualmerits,compatibility the activityisapproved. Eachapplicationis case-by-case assessmentisneededastowhether in thismanagementplan.Bytheirnature,a ‘allowed’ or‘managed’arenot‘prohibited’ These areactivitiesthatnotspecifically Restricted activities o extended periodoftimeorbelargescaleevents legislation. easement undertheReserves Act 1977orother Involv Be activitiesthatrequirealease,licenceor to occuronrecreationorscientificreserve. around whatactivitiesrequireaconcession The Reserv es Act setsoutspecificprovisions ilderness camping(notassociatedwithan h. m. All miningactivities l. Quarrying k. Recreationalhunting j. Hangglidingandparapenting i. Motorisedrecreation g. Dogwalking f. Horseriding e. Fireworks d. Lightingfires W activities) overnight whananga,refertoTangata Whenua ACTIVITY CATEGORY: DOC retainscontroloftheissuingpermitsforactivitiesonlakes(ScientificReserv Explanation: Approval formanagedactivitiesandTaranaki Whānuikaitiakiactivitiesisgiven bytheRoopuTiaki. Area. This tableisincludedintheGWRCParks NetworkPlan EastHarbourRegionalPark –Parangarahu Lakes Rules applyingtoactivitiesintheParangarahuLakesArea Commercial activity based)** Camping (wilderness special events) Motorised recreation (Cat B: casual) Motorised recreation (Cat A:club/ Lease/licence Informal games Camping (designatedsites)** Ashes –burial/spreading Animals, excludingdogs/horses Aircraft landings ACTIVITY INPARKS Hunting Horse riding Hang gliding/parapenting Fishing** Fireworks Fires (open) Firearms (refer alsotoHunting) Filming (commercial) 30 people) Events (commercial, orlarger than Dog walking Collecting naturalmaterials**

 CATEGORY ACTIVITY Allowed n/a                    

SPECIFIC RULES Includes conductingresearch. Not associatedwithovernightwananga recreational vehiclespermitted perday. a permitsystem.Thereismaximum numberof Pencarrow Roadaccessiscontrolled byHCCvia licence. Act1977foranyapplications foraleaseor Reserves Note: Thisareaissubjecttorequirementsofthe the Lakes. control oftheissuingpermitsforDuckShootingon only formanagementpurposes.Note:DOCretains Hunting onGWRCadministeredlandisundertaken  Managed

 Restricted

e CrownStratum). 

Prohibited

47 DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan 48 DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan **Excluding thatassociatedwithTaranaki Whānuikaitiakiactivities. Walking, tramping,running Tangata Whenuakaitiakiactivities Swimming /BoatingWaka Picnicking Mountain biking ACTIVITY INPARKS CATEGORY ACTIVITY      SPECIFIC RULES cultural monitoringandresearch. restocking ofnaturalfloraandfauna,wananga, collectionofnaturalmaterials, Cultural harvest, approval (referCo-ManagementPlan).Includes: Subject totikangabeignfollowedandRoopuTiaki Lakes. control oftheissuingpermitsforactivitieson Unless formanagementpurposes.Note:DOCretains (for lessthan30people) Includes theuseofgasstovesindesignatedplaces the objectives arebeingmetandtheway inwhich 7. Monitoringwillmeasuretheextenttowhich objectives andmultipleactionsstatedinsection This planwillbemonitoredagainstthe8 Monitoring Parks OperationalPlan. recommended workprogrammeintheirannual Where applicable,GWRCwillincludethe earlier. there isopportunitytoachieve theseactions support. Whereadditionalfundingisobtained, Plans andthosethatrequirealternative fundingor be includedintheGWRCLongTerm and Annual priorities forfunding,identifyingthoseactionsto a threeyearly workprogrammeandadviseon by monitoringandreporting,willrecommend to beprioritised.TheRoopuTiaki,informed be implemented,limitedfundingrequiresthese While thisplansetsoutthebreadthofactionsto the LocalGovernment Act 2002. Long Term and Annual Plan processessetoutin is throughGWRCandapproved throughthe Under thecurrentregime,majorityoffunding Works programming andfunding Section 8:Implementationmonitoringandreview. Figure 6:Planreview andreporting process. (Sep –3yearspast) against CMPObjectives Reporting Roopu Tiaki (ongoing) Monitoring CMP Review Nov) 10 yearsahead.(Oct/ prioritises workfor3& recommends and Roopu Tiaki Reserves Act 1977,asapplicable. follow theproceduresetoutinSection41of policy orchangesinlegislation.Plan reviewswill monitoring, newmanagementissuesthatrequire review orvariation isinitiatedearlieras aresultof to ensuretheplanremainsrelevant, unless a The planwillbereviewed atleastevery 10years Review Figure 6). works andidentifyingareasforreview(refer plan. Thesereportswillassistinprogramming the purposeofassessingeffectiveness ofthe be carriedoutthreeyearly bytheRoopuTiaki,for Reporting againstthe8objectives ofthisplanwill Reporting plan. projects willbeusedtoassesstheeffectives ofthis permits andconcessionsissuedresearch monitoring, culturalvisitorsurveys, Information gatheredthroughenvironmental timeframe ofthisfirstCo-Management Plan. their focusandwillnotbefullyachieved inthe to doso.Manyoftheobjectives arelong-termin the co-governance partnersareworkingtogether (July –yearahead) Parangarahu LakesArea work programmes for Operational Plan& Annual Parks (June) Annual PlanProcess GWRC LongTerm and

49 DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan 50 DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan Appendix 1:Listoflandsandlegaldescriptions C Ref Plan A D B E D Above F G G Above H A HCC Owner GWRC vested in Crown, HCC PNBST HPTNZ Curtis M &J Martin J & PNBST Crown GWRC PNBST Crown Crown Main sewer Purpose p. 3528) (NZG 2006No.118, Recreation Reserve Pencarrow Head City DrainageBoard) in thenameofHutt (originally acquired Held infeesimple Act) s27 Conservation Reserves Actand covenant (s77ofthe conservation * Subjectto Historic Reserve Company Ltd to Fitzroy BaySand Profit-a-pendre right Fee simple Fee simple Mäori Act) (Te Ture Whenua Mäori Reservation Scientific Reserve (NZG 1995,p.234). Recreation Reserve Parangarahu Act) s27 Conservation Reserves Actand covenant (s77ofthe conservation * Subjectto Scientific Reserve as ScientificReserve be vestedinGWRC Reserve. Proposed to management) Purpose (wildlife Government 30.34 14.32 Area Ha 6.9698 3.25(strip) 3.51 8.79 (2400m²) 0.24 205.35 1366.71 (507m²) 0.0507 12.30 362.48 7.8 (strip) bed) 33.06 (lake 33.06 1.26 WNB2/620 Number Title CFR 488810 WND1/1106 CFR 503492 WN47C/264 CFR280816 CFR 498572 N/A WN41A/384 CFR CFR 503493 N/A CFR unknown District Pencarrow Survey 1 BlockV and Section Harbour District Section 84 description Legal District Pencarrow Survey Section 2BlockV Block Parangarahu 5B 460979 andPart Section 2SO Lot 10DP53891 406979 and Section 1SO Lot 9DP53891 Pencarrow Section 3BlockV 53890 Part Lot8DP Lot 2DP369053 406982 Survey SO Section 1-2 1 SO406979 53891 &Section above Lot9DP Water andair Lot 1DP74247) 406982 (formally Section 3SO 11 DP53891 409042 andLot Section 2SO SO 409042 above Section2 Water andair 409042 Section 1SO Description Coast Road alongPencarrow Pencarrow Lighthouse escarpment adjacentto Area abovecoastal legal road. Kohangapiripiri andsea/ Area between esplanade strip. lake. Includesformer excludes outletofthe Kohangapiripiri, but Lakebed of Lighthouse Historic Pencarrow boundary ofLakes Farmland, toeastern boundary ofLakes Farmland, tonorthern dendroglyph 2 parcels containing GWRC. Proposed tobevestedin above Kohangapiripiri. Water andaircolumn surrounding theLakes Larger landparcel former esplanadestrip. of theoutlet.Includes and striponeitherside Lakebed ofKohangatera GWRC. Proposed tobevestedin above Kohangatera. Water andaircolumn Kohangatera. Dryland outletarea of

51 DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan 52 DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan xvii xvi recording informationonarchaeologicalsites The NewZealand Archaeological Association (NZAA) SiteRecordingSchemeisanationalsystemfor Appendix 2:Recorded archaeological sites following listingshave beenextractedfromtheCityofLower HuttDistrict Plan. located andthenbytheirsitenumber.SoR27/62isthe62ndrecordedonR27mapsheet.The R28/14 R28/12 R28/11 R28/10 R28/9 R28/8 R28/7 R28/6 R28/5 R28/4 R27/206 R27/199 R27/111 R27/110 R27/109 R27/108 R27/107 R27/106 R27/105 R27/93 R27/84 R27/83 R27/82 R27/81 R27/80 R27/79 R27/78 R27/77 R27/76 R27/75 R27/74 R27/73 R2772 R27/71 R27/69 R27/68 R27/67 R27/66 R27/65 R27/64 R27/62 Map sheet/SiteNumber Significant New Zealand Archeologicla Resources, Pg14E/17, CityofLower HuttDistrictPlan, 2004 Archaeological Association’s Archaeological SiteRecordingScheme website http://www.archsite.org.nz/: accessed 10/04/2013 Fitzroy Bay Baring Head South ofLakeKohangatera Fitzroy Bay Fitzroy Bay Fitzroy Bay Fitzroy Bay Fitzroy Bay Fitzroy Bay Near Fitzroy Bay Pencarrow Head Pencarrow Head Pencarrow Head and PencarrowOn thecoast,betweenEastbourne Head and PencarrowOn thecoast,betweenEastbourne Head and PencarrowOn thecoast,betweenEastbourne Head and PencarrowOn thecoast,betweenEastbourne Head and PencarrowOn thecoast,betweenEastbourne Head and PencarrowOn thecoast,betweenEastbourne Head East ofLakeKohangatera Northeast ofLakeKohangatera East ofLakeKohangatera East ofLakeKohangatera East ofLakeKohangatera East ofLakeKohangatera Northeast ofLakeKohangatera Northeast ofLakeKohangatera North ofLakeKohangatera North ofLakeKohangatera North ofLakeKohangatera North ofLakeKohangatera North ofLakeKohangatera West ofLakeKohangatera East ofLakeKohangatera Northeast ofLakeKohangapiripiri South ofLakeKohangapiripiri East ofLakeKohangapiripiri Pencarrow Head Pencarrow Head Northeast ofLakeKohangapiripiri General Location xvi . Sitesarereferredtobythemapsheetonwhichthey Shipwreck (Devon) cooking area Ovens Terraces pits/ovens wall/midden/pits pits/ovens/midden Midden stone rows karaka grove karaka trees Lighthouse Midden Midden house Midden midden/oven Midden Midden/ovens karakas/midden Karakas karaka trees karaka trees karaka trees karaka trees Karakas karaka grove Terraces stone lines karaka trees karaka trees karaka trees karaka trees Terraces pits/terraces Terraces midden/ovens Terraces Pa Pa dendroglyphs Site type xvii 1995 1982 1964 1982 1994 1995 1995 1987 1987 1963 1963 1999 1956 1956 1956 1956 1962 1962 1966 1963 1963 1963 1963 1963 1963 1963 1987 1970 1963 1963 1963 1963 1967 1987 1987 1987 1962 1987 1987 1987 Date recorded

53 DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan 54 DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan R28/247 R28/43 R28/42 R28/39 R28/38 R28/37 R28/36 R28/30 R28/20 R28/18 R28/17 R28/16 R28/15 Fitzroy Bay Fitzroy Bay Baring Head Baring Head South ofLakeKohangatera South ofLakeKohangatera Fitzroy Bay Fitzroy Bay At theendofCoastRd Baring Head Dugouts Pits Shipwreck (Paiaka) midden/ovens midden/ovens cave withmidden Burial ovens/workshop Terraces Karakas Terraces pits/stone walls rock shelter 2004 1995 1994 1963 1963 1963 1963 1994 1963 1963 1963 1987 1964 Appendix 3: Submission Form and Information on submission/workshop process

DRAFT CO-MANAGEMENT PLAN AND AMENDMENT

The Parangarahu Lakes Area is located along Wellington’s south-east coast and features the nationally significant Lake Kohangapiripiri and Lake Kohangatera, their associated wetlands and the culturally significant dendroglyph sites.

Greater Wellington Regional Council (GWRC) and Port Nicholson Block Settlement Trust (PNBST) jointly manage the Parangarahu Lakes Area through a ‘Roopu Tiaki’ or guardianship group set up in 2012. The Roopu Tiaki’s objectives are to develop a long-term vision and co-management plan for the Parangarahu Lakes Area, to recommend the co-management plan to GWRC and PNBST for approval and to advise and recommend Key activities in the Co-Management Plan annual work programmes for the area. • Restoration of native fish habitat and fish migration passages from the lakes to the sea. GWRC has delegated authority under the Reserves Act 1977 for the Recreation Reserve land surrounding the • Protection of the ecological integrity of the lakes and lakes and manages this as part of East Harbour Regional wetlands. The immediate focus is to continue native Park. PNBST owns the lakebeds, former esplanade plantings and predator control within the catchment, reserves of the lakes and the dendroglyph sites (tree control terrestrial and aquatic weeds and minimise carvings). The Department of Conservation (DOC), Hutt threats to the shingle beaches and lakes. City Council and Historic Places Trust manage land in • Continued monitoring with the addition of Mäori the area and this is not included in the plan. DOC also cultural health indicators will help us understand the manages the water and air columns above the lakebeds. state of key native species populations at the lakes. Co-Management Plan and Amendment to Parks • The area is rich in Mäori and settler history and there Network Plan are opportunities to preserve and interpret this The Co-Management Plan outlines the co-management history and revitalise cultural practices. This includes approach to be taken by PNBST and GWRC to fulfil the recording of oral histories and provision of visitor their kaitiaki and legal responsibilities. It is the guiding information. document which sets the vision, guiding principles, • Enabling Taranaki Whänui iwi members to exercise their historical context, management objectives and priority kaitiaki responsibilities. actions for management of the Parangarahu Lakes Area. • Provision of passive recreation opportunities including a new walking track to replace the removed boardwalk GWRC has prepared an amendment to the Parks and links to the Rimutaka Cycle Trail. Network Plan, to include a chapter on the Parangarahu Lakes Area. This will include aspects of the Co- • GWRC and PNBST will liaise with government agencies, Management Plan as they apply to the Recreation neighbours, community groups and volunteers to Reserve that GWRC manages under the Reserves Act protect the Lakes’ cultural, historic and ecological 1977. values. Co-Management Plan Moemoeä-Vision: Eight Management Objectives have been developed, Kohangapiripiri – Kohangatera – Kohanga Ora each with Actions to assist delivery of the objectives. Nests nurturing life and well-being The actions are prioritised as either business as usual, immediate, medium or long-term (inter-generational). Three Outcomes: These are described in Section 6. 1. Tuna Heke: Restoration of the eel and native fishery The Co-Management Plan objectives and actions have of the Lakes as a self-replenishing mahinga kai for been carried through to the Amendment, where they Taranaki Whänui are described as Management Focus, Specific Policies and 2. Manu Korihi: Flourishing forested landscape and Projected Changes for the Recreation Reserves. healthy wetland-lake ecosystem sustains multitudes The Co-Management Plan includes Rules for Use and of birds and indigenous species and a revitalisation of Development relating to customary activities and Taranaki Whänui cultural practices recreational pursuits at Parangarahu Lakes Area. 3. Tangata Kaitiaki: Managers, Visitors and Taranaki Consistent with the GWRC Parks Network Plan format Whänui are active Kaitiaki protecting the Lakes as activities have been categorised as: allowed, managed, taonga which contributes to personal, community restricted or prohibited. An additional category, and tribal wellbeing Taranaki Whänui Kaitiaki Activities, has been created to ensure iwi members are able to exercise their kaitiaki The four Guiding Principles for management of responsibilities. the Parangarahu Lakes Area are: Kaitiakitanga; Co- Management; Integrated Catchment Management Approach; and Mouri Ora. These principles are further explained in the Moemoeä-Vision framework in Section 2.

The full Parangarahu Lakes Area Draft Co- Management Plan and Amendment to GWRC’s Parks Network Plan are available at: • www.gw.govt.nz/have-your-say • GWRC offices: - 1056 Fergusson Drive, Upper Hutt - Shed 39, 2 Fryatt Quay, Pipitea, Wellington • PNBST office, Tramways Building, 1 Thorndon Quay

Need more information? How to make a submission

Download the draft Co-Management Plan or Amendment: Submissions must be received by 4pm Monday 26 May www.gw.govt.nz/have-your-say 2014. Please state in your submission if you want to be heard by the Committee and do or do not want your Come to a drop-in session and ask GWRC staff questions personal details to be disclosed. about the draft amendment: Online: www.gw.govt.nz/have-your-say Lower Hutt The Wellington Tenths Trust Mail: 24d Marine Parade (next to mini train) Parangarahu Draft Plan Petone Greater Wellington Regional Council Tuesday 8 April, 5.30-7.15pm PO Box 11646, Manners Street Wellington 6142 Wellington Greater Wellington Regional Council Email: [email protected] Shed 39 Fax: 04 385 6960 2 Fryatt Quay, Pipitea (CentrePort) Thursday 8 May, 11.30am-1.30pm It is expected that hearings and deliberations on the draft amendment will take place on 19 June 2014. This will be Write to us at [email protected] confirmed after submissions have closed. SUBMISSION FORM Parangarahu Lakes Area Draft Co-Management Plan and Amendment to Greater Wellington Regional Council Parks Network Plan Submissions are due by 4pm Monday 26 May 2014. You can also submit your response online at www.gw.govt.nz or email [email protected] or fax 04 385 6960.

NAME/ORGANISATION

NUMBER STREET NAME

SUBURB/TOWN POSTCODE

PHONE EMAIL

You may attach additional information if required. Please record your name and address on each additional page.

Submissions may be made publically available under the Local Government Offi cial Information and Meeting Act 1987 (LGOIMA). If you make a submission as an individual, we will consider removing your personal details if you request this in your submission.

If you indicate in this submission that you would like to be heard by the Committee, you will be contacted regarding hearing dates. It is expected that hearings and deliberations on the draft plans will take place on 19 June 2014. This will be confi rmed after submissions have closed.

1. Overall, what aspects of the Co-Management Plan do you support?

2. Are there any Objectives or Actions in Section 6 of the Co-Management Plan that you think we should change?

3. Do you have comments on the activities that will be allowed, managed, restricted or prohibited at Parangarahu Lakes Area?

4. Do you have any comments on the Management Focus and Policies in the Amendment that will be implemented by GWRC on the Recreation Reserves it manages? 5. Do you have any comments on the list (and map) of projected changes for the GWRC recreation reserves in the Amendment? (pg 11)

6. If you have any other feedback on the Draft Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan or Amendment, please note it here:

Yes No Would you like to speak in person to the Committee?

Fold here

How to make a submission

Online www.gw.govt.nz/have-your-say

Mail Parangarahu Draft Plan Greater Wellington Regional Council PO Box 11646, Manners Street Wellington 6142

Email [email protected]

Fax 04 385 6960

Please return this submission form by 4pm Monday 26 May 2014

Fold here

Greater Wellington Regional Council Draft Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan and Amendment. Freepost 3156 PO Box 11646 Manners Street Wellington 6142 28. 27. 26. 25. 24. 23. 22. 21. 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References

Volume I,Issue 8,26 August 1842, Page 1,http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz Harbour Eastbourne, NZ:HistoricalSociety ofEastbourne. pp 37-38Beaglehole, A., & Carew, A. (2001). Eastbourne:ahistoryoftheeasternbaysWellington ibid 242 Waitangi TribunalTe Whanganui aTara meonaTakiwa: ReportontheWellington District,2003,page Provinces ofTaranaki, Wellington andHawke’s Bay. Hanson Turton, H.Plans ofLandPurchasesinthe NorthIslandofNewZealand.VolumeTwo: Island ofNewZealand:VolumeTwo, H.HansonTurton,1878 etexts/Tur02Nort/Tur02Nort0125.gif inTurton, H.Hanson,MāoriDeedsofLandPurchasesintheNorth Tur02Nort/Tur02Nort0124.gif page104-105isEnglishtranslationofDeedhttp://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/ 8 page103Māoriversion containsnamesofthosewhosignedDeed,http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/etexts/ PITONE BLOCK(MCCLEVERTY’S DEED),WELLINGTONDISTRICT., 13October,1847,DeedsNo. prepared forPortNicholsonBlockSettlementTrust & Wellington Tenths Trust,p13 Morrie Love, RaukuraConsultants,November 2010,CulturalReportKohangateraandKohangapiripiri Volume 27,1918,No.107TheLandofTara andtheywhosettledit,byElsdonBest, page109 Taranaki, p174 Volume 181909No.4HistoryandtraditionsoftheTaranaki coast:Ch.XVcontd. Ati-Awa returnto Taranaki, p171 Volume 181909No.4HistoryandtraditionsoftheTaranaki coast:Ch.XVcontd. Ati-Awa returnto prepared forPortNicholsonBlockSettlementTrust& Wellington Tenths Trust,p13 Morrie Love, RaukuraConsultants,November 2010,CulturalReportKohangateraandKohangapiripiri Volume 26,1917,No.4TheLandofTara andtheywhosettledit,byElsdonBest, page163 Volume 26,1917,No.4TheLandofTara andtheywhosettledit,byElsdonBest, page162 Elsdon Best,pp28-29 Tara andTautoki separatetheBoundariesoftheirLandsinTheLandTara andtheywhosettled it,by Te RangiHiroa,pp27-28 Volume 26,1917,No.4TheLandofTara andtheywhosettledityElsdonBest, p 153 Zealand, updated14-Nov-12URL:http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/map/14150/kupes-place-names Ngā waewae tapu–Māoriexploration-Wairarapa andWellington Te Ara -theEncyclopaediaofNew updated 13-Jul-12URL:http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/wellington-region/page-5 andRāwiri Taonui. Chris Maclean.Wellington region-EarlyMāorihistoryTe Ara -theEncyclopaediaofNewZealand, Purposes FundBoard,WhitcoullsLtd,Christchurch, Te 1982reprint,firstpublished1949.TheComingoftheMāori,Māori RangiHiroa(Buck,SirPeter), Ibid J.B Palmer quotedin Adkin, TheGreatHarbourofTara, p31 te_Ika_a_Maui_Potiki_Trust_submission.pdf http://www.nzpam.govt.nz/cms/pdf-library/block-offers/2012/submissions/T (2013) Hutt CityCouncil Pencarrow CoastRoadPolicyfor Vehicle Use2012-2017http://www.huttcity.govt.nz biodiversity (2013) Greater Wellington RegionalCouncil.Biodiversity Strategy2011-21http://www.gw.govt.nz/our-role-inwellington-parks-network-plan Greater Wellington RegionalCouncilParks NetworkPlan 2011http://www.gw.govt.nz/greater- maori.nz/assets/PDFs/Five-Year-Strategic-Plan.pdf PNBST, Taranaki Whānui kiTe UpokooTe Ika.Five Year StrategicPlan 2011-2015http://www.pnbst. Resource Management Act 1991,s6(c) http://www.pnbst.maori.nz/assets/PDFs/Five-Year-Strategic-Plan.pdf http://www.gw.govt.nz/assets/Parks-and-Recreation/Parks-Network-Strategy/Whole-Document.pdf e_Atiawa_ki_te_Upoko_o_

59 DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan 60 DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan 59. 58. 57. 56. 55. 54. 53. 52. 51. 50. 49. 48. 47. 46. 45. 44. 43. 42. 41. 40. 39. 38. 37. 36. 35. 34. 33. 32. 31. 30. 29.

assessment of reportedcarvingsonkaraka (Corynocarpuslaevigatus) tress(‘dendroglyphs’), East Ian Barber,Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University ofOtago, Archaeological http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2009/0026/latest/DLM1525949.html http://www.historic.org.nz/publications/sustainmgtseries.aspx?sc_lang=en#FireSafety Archaeology inNewZealand, Sep1988 Walton &McFadgenFitzroyBay Afurtherarchaeological survey Wellington ArchaeologicalSocietyin Association Newsletter1968Volume11No3,pp103-110 Keyes, I.W., Dendroglyphsfrom LakeKohanga-piripiri,EasternWellington, NZ Archaeological Pages 29-30 http://www.gw.govt.nz/assets/Parks-and-Recreation/Misc/East-Harbour-Resource-Statement-2007.pdf http://www.gw.govt.nz/assets/Parks-and-Recreation/Misc/East-Harbour-Resource-Statement-2007.pdf http://www.maorilandonline.govt.nz 17, page454 Waitangi TribunalTe Whanganui a Tara me ona Takiwa: Report on the Wellington District, 2003, Chapter 17, page453 Waitangi TribunalTe Whanganui a Tara me ona Takiwa: Report on the Wellington District, 2003, Chapter Taking forsewer outfall(R19529030),1965, Archives NZ Māori Trustee-Parangarahu 5Band6,Block5,Pencarrow Survey District-Hutt Valley DrainageBoard- Baring-head-lighthouse.asp http://www.maritimenz.govt.nz/Commercial/Shipping-safety/Aids-to-navigation/Lighthouses-of-NZ/ Evening Post,VolumeCXXVII,Issue22,27January1939,Page 2,http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz succession to Amiria MatoroirangiinParangarahu Block,(R22405069),1913, Archives NZ 258/13 Notes onblockhistoryfoundinPetitionAlice MaryTe No.[Number] Puni.Forrehearingre Wellington MinuteBook3,casestartp220,13September1889 Wellington Independent,VolumeXXII,Issue2666,11 April 1868,Page 3,http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz Tribunal Te WhanganuiaTara meona Takiwa: ReportontheWellington District,2003,page276 Henare Te Puniwas recordedasrunning1400sheepatParangarahu in1869and1870,citedWaitangi Spelling variation ofParangarahu asprintedinWellington SheepInspector’s reportdated28July1868 govt.nz Wellington Independent,VolumeXXIII,Issue2760,21November 1868,Page 3,http://paperspast.natlib. 8E13-06DB7D7763D1.pdf Ibid, page267,http://www.waitangi-tribunal.govt.nz/scripts/reports/reports/145/368B9962-5EBF-4B9E- 06DB7D7763D1.pdf http://www.waitangi-tribunal.govt.nz/scripts/reports/reports/145/368B9962-5EBF-4B9E-8E13- 5 September1867,pages64-65 Wairarapa MinuteBookNo.1,Parangarahu Titleinvestigation casestartdate28 August 1967,orderdate 528 Pencarrow Lighthouse-Wainuiomata (R23446743),1873, Archives NZ,DeedofConveyance Document Pencarrow Lighthouse-Wainuiomata (R23446743),1873, Archives NZ,DeedofSaleDocument527 (Ministry forCultureandHeritage),updated20-Dec-2012 Pencarrow Lighthouse’,URL:http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/culture/pencarrow-lighthouse/key-dates paperspast.natlib.govt.nz New ZealandGazetteand Wellington Spectator,Volume V, Issue342,1May1844, Page 1,http:// Alexander Turnbull LibraryE-070-015 Wellington Independent,VolumeVI,Issue510,31 August 1850,Page 3,http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz cited onhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Barnard_Rhodes-Moorhouse Dancing InTheSky,docudramadirectedbyJulian Arahanga, MāoriTelevision, broadcast25 April 2011, govt.nz/en/biographies/1r7/rhodes-william-barnard Brad Patterson, ‘Rhodes, William Barnard-Rhodes’fromDictionaryofNZBiography,http://www.teara. Pencarrow CrownGrant-Survey Office PlanSO10240(R22548944),c.1850-c.1900, Archives NZ Wellington Archaeological Society.1987.FitzroyBay: Afurtherarchaeological survey. Wellington Ibid. 1963.MāorisitesinFitzroy Bay.NZ Archaeological Associationnewsletter6:125-134 Palmer, J.1956.NotesonMāorisitesineasternWellington Harbour. JournalPolynesianSociety65:342-355 Archaeological Association newsletter6:118-125 McFadgen, B.1963.Māori occupation ofthePencarrow Survey Districtrecordedonearlysurvey records.NZ NZ Archaeological Association newsletter11:103-110 Keyes, I.1968.DendroglyphsfromLakeKohanga-piripiri,easternWellington. Ingram, C.NewZealandShipwrecks. A Hand A WReed,Wellington. 1977 Archaeological Sources 82. 81. 80. 79. 78. 77. 76. 75. 74. 73. 72. 71. 70. 69. 68. 67. 66. 65. 64. 63. 62. 61. 60.

GWRC RegionalPark Visitor Survey –EastHarbourRegionalPark 2013/2014. http://www.landcareresearch.co.nz/science/plants-animals-fungi/plants/ethnobotany/w Wellington, NewZealand.http://natlib.govt.nz/records/22784295 1/1-020509-G. Wright, HenryCharlesClarke,1844-1936:Negatives. Ref: Alexander Turnbull Library, information-sheets/raupo http://www.landcareresearch.co.nz/science/plants-animals-fungi/plants/ethnobotany/w Wellington, NewZealand.http://natlib.govt.nz/records/22786504 PA1-o-229-48-4.Hislop, HaroldStevens, d1933:Photographalbums.Ref: Alexander Turnbull Library, http://maoriplantuse.landcareresearch.co.nz Makareti (MaggiePapakura) Penniman T. K.ed.1938.TheOld-timeMāori.London,Gollancz,cited http://www.tekaraka.co.nz/Te-Karaka-45/Taonga/ updated 22-Sep-12URL:http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/te-ngahere-forest-lore/page-6 Rāwiri Taonui. ‘Te ngahere–forestlore -Fruitingtrees’,Te Ara -theEncyclopaediaofNewZealand, SCIENCE INTERNALSERIES101,JohnSawyer, BruceMcFadgenandPaul Hughes laevigatus J.R.etG.Forst.)inWellington Conservancy (excludingChathamIslands),March2003,DOC http://www.doc.govt.nz/documents/science-and-technical/DSIS101.pdf, Karaka(Corynocarpus Best, E1942:ForestloreandtheMāoriBulletinofDominionMuseum,W http://www.gw.govt.nz/kne/ Gibbs (2002)p.19 http://www.landcareresearch.co.nz/publications/factsheets/rare-ecosystems/coastal/shingle-beaches NIWA (2011)LakeSPIassessmentoftheParangarahu Lakes&LakePounui. Romijn R.(2010)LizardFaunaofWellington’s RegionalParks. GreaterWellington RegionalCouncil. (ibid) Area Parangarahu Lakes.PreparedforRoopuTiaki.Riverscapes Freshwater Ecology.Parangarahu Lakes McEwan, A. 2013.Considerationsforrestorationofnative freshwater fishpopulationsinthe SKM (2007)Pencarrow LakesFishPassage Investigation NIWA (2011)LakeSPIassessmentoftheParangarahu Lakes&LakePounui. (ibid, p.6) Council. NIWA ClientReportNo.HAM2011-038 Pounui: withreferencetomanagementofecologicalvalues. PreparedforGreaterWellington Regional de Winton, M.;Champion,P.;Wells, R.2011.LakeSPIassessmentoftheParangahau LakesandLake for monitoringinfoonlakelevels See http://graphs.gw.govt.nz/lake-kohangatera-2/andhttp://graphs.gw.govt.nz/lake-kohangapiripiri/ MWH 2012 Council, August 2013 Harbour RegionalPark, PreliminaryDraftofunpublishedreporttoGreaterWellington Regional ellington 14 eaving-plants eaving-plants/

61 DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan 62 DRAFT Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan New Zealand Robertson, C.J.R.etal.2007. Atlas ofBirdDistributioninNewZealand1999-2004. OrnithologicalSocietyof Park LandscapeEcologyandHistory(PreparedforGWRCDOC). Park, G.2007. A landscaperestorationplanfortheKohangaLakesblock:EastHarbourRegionalPark. Geoff catchment andtheimplicationsofbreachingtosea.UnpublishedMScthesis,MasseyUniv Nicholson, C A. 2008.Diversity, distributionpatternsandrecruitmentoffish intheLakeKohangatera Parangarahu Lakes.PreparedforRoopuTiaki.Riverscapes Freshwater Ecology.Parangarahu Lakes Area McEwan, Amber. 2013.Considerationsforrestorationofnative freshwater fishpopulationsinthe Port NicholsonBlockSettlementTrustand Wellington Tenths Trust). Love, Morrie(2010)CulturalReport:KohangateraandKohangapiripiri, RaukuraConsultants(Preparedfor Conservation). Gibbs, George(2002)Pencarrow Lakes:Conservation values andmanagement(PreparedforDepartmentOf Council. NIWA ClientReportNo.HAM2013-052 de Winton, M.2013a.LakeSPIsurvey ofLakeKohangatera:2013.PreparedforGreaterWellington Regional NIWA ClientReportNo.HAM2011-038 with referencetomanagementofecologicalvalues. PreparedforGreaterWellington RegionalCouncil. de Winton, M.;Champion,P.;Wells, R.2011.LakeSPIassessmentoftheParangahau LakesandLakePounui: Journal ofScienceandTechnology, vol3,nos5&6,pp.229-231. Cotton, C.A.(1921)Forhowlongwill Wellington escapedestruction byearthquake?TheNewZealand (‘dendroglyphs’), EastHarbourRegionalPark. UnpublishedreporttoGWRC. Barber, I.(2013) Archaeological assessmentofreportedcarvingsonkaraka(Corynocarpuslaevigatus)trees Other Reading: ersity Amendment to the GWRC Parks Network Plan

Draft Greater Wellington Regional Council Parks Network Plan Parangarahu Lakes Area - East Harbour Regional Park Amendment

6.4 East Harbour Regional Park The Northern Forest block includes the steep hill country between Eastbourne and East Harbour Regional Park is located on Wainuiomata. Clothed in beech/rata forest, the eastern side of Te Whanganui-a-Tara (the these hills provide the forested backdrop to Wellington Harbour). The park covers just the eastern aspect of Wellington Harbour. The over 2,000 hectares and is made up of three valley fl oors contain lush lowland podocarp/ separate blocks: the Northern Forest, the broadleaf forest. The area can be accessed from Parangarahu Lakes Area and Baring Head/ various points in Eastbourne or Wainuiomata Ōrua-pouanui. It is one of two Greater and off ers excellent passive recreation Wellington parks that adjoin the coastline. opportunities. The local community is actively Refer Map [1A]. involved in projects within the park, including East Harbour Regional Park is an important the mainland island restoration project. recreation resource for the people of The Parangarahu Lakes Area lies east of the Eastbourne, Wainuiomata, the Hutt Valley main harbour entrance and contains the and the greater Wellington region. Both the nationally signifi cant Lakes Kohangapiripiri bush clad hills of the Northern Forest and and Kohangatera. These lakes and their the rugged and exposed nature of the coast associated wetlands are home to a wealth of provide a sense of isolation in close proximity native plants and wildlife. There are also a to busy urban centres. While parts of the number of important cultural and historic park have been long protected, the park was sites within the block. The area provides fi rst proposed as Pencarrow Regional Park opportunity for walking and cycling and is in 1975. This proposal was much larger than popular with bird watchers. Public access the current park and in 1979 the concept to the area is by bike or foot from Burden’s was subsequently reworked to only include gate, along Pencarrow Coast Road which is publicly held land. The park has since managed by HCC. expanded as bids to acquire private land at Parangarahu Lakes and Baring Head for Baring Head/Ōrua-pouanui is a prominent inclusion in the park were successful. headland located at the south-eastern edge of the Wellington Harbour. The area is The park includes several sites of cultural recognised for its uplifted marine terraces, signifi cance, including pa and sites of harvest. punctuated by the Baring Head lighthouse. Taranaki Whānui ki Te Upoko o Te Ika The 295 hectares of reserve is home to (Taranaki Whānui) retain mana whenua over rare coastal plants, a number of lizard the lands and are represented by the Port species, various coastal birds and native Nicholson Block Sett lement Trust (PNBST); fi sh that frequent the lower reaches of the the iwi authority for this area. Wainuiomata River. The area is popular for The Northern Forest and Baring Head are fi shing, rock-climbing, and hang gliding. managed by Greater Wellington Regional Baring Head/Ōrua-pouanui has been used Council (GWRC) and include land owned by a number of iwi over time as a place by the Crown, Hutt City Council (HCC) for habitation, fi shing and cultivation. and GWRC. Parangarahu Lakes Area is Later strategic land uses included military managed by GWRC and PNBST under a co- observation posts, maritime navigation management arrangement and includes land equipment and a meteorological station. It owned by GWRC, PNBST and the Crown. currently serves an internationally signifi cant The wider catchments of the lakes’ include role in atmospheric sampling for greenhouse land managed by HCC, New Zealand Historic gas emissions. Places Trust (NZHPT), DOC and private landowners. Each of the three blocks of East Harbour Regional Park has a sub-chapter.

PARKS NETWORK PLAN 1

MAP [1A] EAST HARBOUR REGIONAL PARK.

2 PARKS NETWORK PLAN Taranaki Whänui post Treaty In recognising the need to manage this area Settlement; a new era of holistically, GWRC and PNBST agreed on partnership a Memorandum of Understanding which sets out the matt ers on which GWRC and Taranaki Whānui ki Te Upoko o Te Ika PNBST will work together on, including the (Taranaki Whānui), are people descended preparation of a co-management plan for from one or more of the recognised tüpuna the area. This is known as the Parangarahu of Te Ati Awa, Taranaki, Ngāti Ruanui, Ngāti Lakes Area Co-Management Plan (2014). Tama and Ngāti Mutunga. Their ancestors The Parangarahu Lakes Area chapter of this migrated to Wellington in the early 1800’s plan includes the relevant policies of the and signed the Port Nicholson Block Deed of Co-Management Plan as they apply to the Purchase in 1839. The Port Nicholson Block land that GWRC has delegated management runs from the Rimutaka Summit to the south responsibility under the Reserves Act 1977. coast at Pipinui Point (Boomrock) around the coastline to Turakirae in the east and up the Rimutaka ridgeline to the summit.

Treaty of Waitangi redress recognises the traditional, historical, cultural and spiritual association of Taranaki Whānui with places and sites managed by the Crown. The deed of recognition signed in December 2008 allows Taranaki Whānui and the Crown to protect and enhance the conservation values associated with these sites, and includes:

1. The lakebeds of Lake Kohangatera and Lake Kohangapiripiri (the Parangarahu Lakes, formerly referred to as the Pencarrow Lakes) and two former esplanade reserves surrounding both lakes

2. Dendroglyph sites near the Parangarahu Lakes (vested as Māori Reservations).

As part of cultural redress to sett le the historical Treaty claims of Taranaki Whānui, in 2009 ownership of the lakebeds, the former esplanade reserve and the dendroglyph sites was vested in the Trustees of the Port Nicholson Block Sett lement Trust (PNBST). The Crown retains ownership of the space occupied by water and air above Lakes Kohangapiripiri and Kohangatera and a conservation covenant is also included over the Lakebeds and the esplanade land.

PARKS NETWORK PLAN 3 6.4 (B) East Harbour Regional Park – Parangarahu Lakes Reserve

6.4.8 Legal status

REGIONAL PARK/FOREST TITLE HELD BY LEGISLATIVE STATUS

East Harbour Regional Park – Wellington Regional Council Recreation Reserve Parangarahu Lakes Reserve 14.32 hectares

Crown – Department of Recreation Reserve Conservation (land vested in 362.48 hectares Wellington Regional Council)

Possible reserves to be vested Crown Stratum - DOC – no title Scientifi c Reserve. in the future. issued. The space occupied by water and air above the lakebeds. Lake Kohangatera Outlet. Crown Government Purpose Wildlife – Department of Conservation (to Management Reserve. Proposed be vested in Wellington Regional to be Scientifi c Reserve vested in Council) GWRC.

Territorial Authority: Hutt City Council wetlands, home for a high number of native plants and wildlife. The Parangarahu Lakes Area is predominantly recreation reserve, with Public access to the area is by foot or bike smaller parcels of land held by other from Burden’s Gate, along the gravel bodies: The Crown, NZHPT (the Pencarrow Pencarrow Coast Road which is managed Lighthouse footprint) and PNBST (the lake by Hutt City Council. The area is popular beds, area around the lakes and dendroglyph for walking, biking and bird watching. The sites). Hutt City Council also owns land at the Ornithological Society has recorded over fi fty entrance to the park. diff erent species of birds in this area including the banded dott erel and an inland breeding Refer to Appendix 2 [of the Parks Network colony of black shag1. Plan] and the Co-Management Plan for a legal description of the land parcels. In 1991 Greater Wellington purchased the former the Pencarrow Lakes Block in 6.4.9 Background recognition of the importance of the lakes The Parangarahu Lakes Area, located east of and wetlands. This purchase expanded East the entrance to Te Whanganui-a-Tara is visible Harbour Regional Park, allowing public from Wellington, marked by the historic access to this area and bringing into public Pencarrow lighthouse. Tucked in behind protection the outstanding cultural, natural the coastal escarpment are the nationally and landscape values. Recreation reserve signifi cant freshwater Lakes Kohangapirirpiri status was sought for the 360 Ha Pencarrow and Kohangatera and their associated Lakes Block.

1 As at 2014

4 PARKS NETWORK PLAN Parangarahu Lakes Area has been used by 6.4.11 Management focus a number of iwi over time as a place for The focus for East Harbour Regional Park - gathering kai and for shelter. As part of Parangarahu Lakes Area is to: cultural redress in 2009, PNBST received ownership of the lakebeds, the former 1. Work with the PNBST and develop esplanade reserves and the dendroglyph strategic partnerships between agencies, sites. A co-management arrangement landowners and community groups to between GWRC and PNBST is in place for achieve the Moemoea-vision of the Co- the Parangarahu Lakes Area and in 2014 the Management Plan. Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management 2. Restore the Mouri2 and maintain the Plan was prepared. The Moemoea-vision of ecological integrity of the Parangarahu the Co-Management Plan is: Kohangapiripiri Lakes Area – Kohangatera - Kohanga Ora – nests nurturing life and wellbeing. 3. Protect and manage the historic and cultural heritage, sites of signifi cance and This section of this plan includes the relevant other waahi taonga of the Parangarahu policies of the Co-Management Plan as they Lakes Area. apply to the land that GWRC has delegated management responsibility under the 4. Provide for compatible passive recreation Reserves Act 1977. activities

6.4.10 Key park characteristics 5. Protect landscape values

Land 6. Complete vesting of the Scientifi c Reserves. • Signifi cant landscape formed by the coastal escarpment which is a highly 6.4.12 Specifi c policies visible backdrop to the Wellington Harbour. Biodiversity and ecosystems

• Nationally signifi cant Kohangapiripiri a. To have particular regard for the and Kohangatera Lakes and wetlands. high priority indigenous areas when determining ecosystem protection and • Geological features and associated enhancement priorities as listed in Table habitats; coastal lakes, raised beaches and 5A. marine terraces. b. To implement the Parangarahu Lakes Key People Native Ecosystem Plan.

• Long history of Māori occupation and c. To restore native fi sh habitat and use. migration paths within the catchments. • Co-management relationship with Taranaki Whānui and collaboration with 2 Mouri (or Mauri): an energy or life force that tangata other landowners and agencies. whenua consider exists in all things in the natural works, including people. Mouri binds and animates all things in • Prominent historic Pencarrow Lighthouse the physical world. Without mouri, mana cannot fl ow into a and associated history person or object. Spelling of Mouri is Taranaki Dialect.

• Coastal tracks suitable for walking and biking.

PARKS NETWORK PLAN 5 d. To control pest plants/animals where k. To support the protection of signifi cant these interfere with the oranga of the modifi ed landscape features of the Parangarahu Lakes Area, including the historic Pencarrow Lighthouse from control of aquatic weed incursions and inappropriate use or development.3 continued investigation of options for Explanation: Working with PNBST is essential eradication. to ensure that sites are not aff ected when e. To establish an approval process for undertaking restorative planting, pest control the use or removal of natural materials or installing park infrastructure (fences, tracks including access for Mahinga Kai - etc.). Where new sites are discovered, Greater cultural harvesting. Wellington’s Accidental Discovery Protocol must be followed. Where damage is from natural Landscape and geological features changes or vandalism, PNBST will be notifi ed and f. To protect the park’s key landscape agreement reached on any actions needed. features and values from inappropriate Land management use and development, specifi cally: l. To manage public access to the area in a • Coastal hills and escarpment at way that takes into account the threats to the eastern entrance of Wellington the ecological integrity of the lakes and Harbour the habitats of threatened fl ora and fauna, • The Parangarahu Lakes including: Kohangapiripiri and Kohangatera • to work with HCC to restrict and their associated wetlands vehicle access to that required for g. To advocate for the protection of the management purposes, existing geological features, the raised beaches easements, volunteer activities, and interglacial marine terraces along the approved events and concessions. southern coast, from inappropriate use Note that this does not restrict and development. pedestrian or cycle access. h. No new buildings or structures will • to advocate to DOC to restrict access be located at the reserve, unless such to the lakes (the water) and wetlands structures are essential for achieving to that required for management the management objectives of the Co- purposes and approved mahinga kai. Management Plan and cannot reasonably Visitor Services be located elsewhere. m. To complete the Cameron Ridge to Lake Cultural heritage Kohangatera wetland walk. i. To understand the signifi cance of the n. To develop visitor amenities including cultural and natural features of the picnic tables and a toilet at suitable landscape and preserve their histories locations within the park. (oral and writt en). o. To develop interpretation based on the j. To work with PNBST to manage key sites main themes of Māori history, geology of cultural heritage signifi cance including and ecology. the dendroglyph sites.

3 The Historic Pencarrow Lighthouse is owned by the Historic Places Trust as well as the small footprint of land on which it sits.

6 PARKS NETWORK PLAN p. To establish opportunities for the sharing of cultural knowledge and education, possibly through guided tours and wananga.

Partnership in Parks q. To foster kaitiakitanga and greater participation in activities at the lakes and management by Taranaki Whānui iwi and the community. r. To use Maori and western science perspectives to inform decision-making, monitoring and reporting. s. To liaise with HCC, DOC, NZHPT and private landowners in regards to decision making on the management and use of the land to provide an integrated approach to environmental management programmes and recreational activities. t. To support the partnership with Forest and Bird, Fish and Game, MIRO and other voluntary groups in meeting the management objectives of the Co-Management Plan, including the restoration of native species to the area.

Table 5A Signifi cant indigenous environmental areas and features East Harbour Regional Park Parangarahu Lakes Area

PARKS NETWORK PLAN 7 AREA DESCRIPTION REASONS FOR SIGNIFICANCE

Pencarrow Kohangapiripiri – freshwater Ecosystem types: the lakes have been described at the Lakes and lake fed by Cameron Creek. best condition coastal lakes in the country, the associated wetlands Lake is about 13 hectares, swamp wetlands as some of the best condition of and 1-2 metres deep with 43 their type in the country, and the shingle beaches at hectares of wetland. Kohangapiripiri as the best condition nationally4. Kohangatera – slightly more Wetlands support highly indigenous plant communities brackish than Kohangapiripiri. in a relatively unmodifi ed state. There are a number of Fed by Gollans Stream. 17 regionally threatened species, including two aquatic hectares with 150 hectares of plants – Lepilaena bilocularis and Ruppia polycarpa wetland. and three semi-aquatics – Crassula kirkii, Glossostigma diandrum and Ranunculus macropus. Also regarded as locally signifi cant are – Eryngium vesiculosum (sea holly), Glossostigma elatinoides, Gratiola sexdentata, Limosella lineate (mudwort) and Scheonoplectus validus (clubrush). 50 bird species have been recorded for the two lakes. Native fi sh, including long fi nned eels, giant kokupu and bullies. The lakes are separated from The shingle beaches are outside the park but are sea by raised shingle beaches. important because they preserve a unique record of historical uplifts, support a rare biotic community (including Muehlenbeckia ephedrodes) and are a natural waterlevelling mechanism for the lake and gateway for fi sh populations. The shingle beaches provide habitat for the variable oystercatcher (at risk), banded dotterel (nationally vulnerable) Active sand dunes Cushion plants and rare ecosystems of native sand binding plants are present including Muehlenbeckia complexa.

4 DRAFT GWRC Key Native Ecosystems Plan for Parangarahu Lakes Area, 2014. Pg 3

8 PARKS NETWORK PLAN 6.4.13 Projected future changes 6.4.14 Park Maps AREA DESCRIPTION REASONS FOR SIGNIFICANCE Where appropriate, these are represented on The following pages contain: Pencarrow Kohangapiripiri – freshwater Ecosystem types: the lakes have been described at the the Map of Projected Future Changes (Page • Map 11: East Harbour Regional Park – Lakes and lake fed by Cameron Creek. best condition coastal lakes in the country, the associated ##) wetlands Lake is about 13 hectares, swamp wetlands as some of the best condition of Parangarahu Lakes Area in 2013. and 1-2 metres deep with 43 their type in the country, and the shingle beaches at 1. Implement the Key Native Ecosystem • Map 11A: East Harbour Regional Park – hectares of wetland. Kohangapiripiri as the best condition nationally4. Plan. Parangarahu Lakes Area projected future Kohangatera – slightly more Wetlands support highly indigenous plant communities brackish than Kohangapiripiri. in a relatively unmodifi ed state. There are a number of 2. Complete the repair of boundary fences to changes. Fed by Gollans Stream. 17 regionally threatened species, including two aquatic be stock proof For more information hectares with 150 hectares of plants – Lepilaena bilocularis and Ruppia polycarpa 3. Complete the Cameron Ridge to Lake wetland. and three semi-aquatics – Crassula kirkii, Glossostigma Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-Management Plan diandrum and Ranunculus macropus. Also regarded as Kohangatera wetland walk (walking and (Greater Wellington and PNBST, 2014) locally signifi cant are – Eryngium vesiculosum (sea holly), cycling). Glossostigma elatinoides, Gratiola sexdentata, Limosella East Harbour Regional Park Resource Statement lineate (mudwort) and Scheonoplectus validus (clubrush). 4. Work with HCC to keep vehicles off the (Greater Wellington, 2007) 50 bird species have been recorded for the two lakes. dunes-shingle beaches. Native fi sh, including long fi nned eels, giant kokupu and Wetlands Action Plan (Greater Wellington, 2003) 5. Work with PNBST, HCC and NZHPT for bullies. appropriate recognition of key cultural The lakes are separated from The shingle beaches are outside the park but are A landscape restoration plan for Kohanga Lakes sites. sea by raised shingle beaches. important because they preserve a unique record of Block (Park, 2007) historical uplifts, support a rare biotic community 6. Develop interpretation material and (including Muehlenbeckia ephedrodes) and are a natural waterlevelling mechanism for the lake and gateway for resources. fi sh populations. 7. Develop recreational links to the national The shingle beaches provide habitat for the variable cycle track network. oystercatcher (at risk), banded dotterel (nationally vulnerable) 8. Complete vesting of the Scientifi c Active sand dunes Cushion plants and rare ecosystems of native sand binding Reserves. plants are present including Muehlenbeckia complexa.

4 DRAFT GWRC Key Native Ecosystems Plan for Parangarahu Lakes Area, 2014. Pg 3

8 PARKS NETWORK PLAN PARKS NETWORK PLAN 9 Limited access gravel road Public Reserves (external to park) feature Heritage Lighthouse No horses except Camerons Ridge (refer to Rules) Track Natural vegetation Pasture / grass Rivers and streams High point Shared track (refer to Rules) track Walking Marked route

Natural Features Park Facilities: Tracks Other Features

Gollans Stream Gollans

t i

u c r i C

Gollans Stream Wetland c

o l

s e k a L

* Kohangatera Lake Lake

Cameron Creek

t T

u d

r o

r i

a C C Paiaka wreck site

Cameron Ck Wetland

Kohangapiripiri

Lake Lake

and Eastbourne and L

To Burdans Gate Burdans To

k c

h t

h g i L Parangarahu Lakes Area in 2014 Parangarahu Lakes 1 kilometre grave EAST HARBOUR REGIONAL PARK - PARK HARBOUR REGIONAL EAST Fitzroy Bay Inconstant Point Inconstant Old Pencarrow Lighthouse Te Rae-akiaki Te (Pencarrow Head)

10 PARKS NETWORK PLAN Limited access gravel road Public Reserves (external to park) feature Heritage Lighthouse No horses except Camerons Ridge (refer to Rules) Track Natural vegetation Pasture / grass Rivers and streams High point Shared track (refer to Rules) track Walking Marked route Develop visitor amenities Intended recreation link Advocate to adjoining land managers/owners for improved recreation links Implement KNE Plan (area wide) Restore indigenous forest health Implement wetland restoration & riparian plantings Improve hydrology & fish passage Complete boundary fencing Advocate for total catchment management with adjacent landowners Natural Features Park Facilities: Tracks Other Features Ecology / Mouri Projects Recreation Projects 2 3 4 5 1 A

Gollans Stream Gollans Gollans Stream Gollans

i u

c r i

t i

u c r i C

Gollans Stream Wetland c

o l

Gollans Stream Wetland c

B o

e A k a L

e k a 5 L 3

Kohangatera

Lake Lake * Kohangatera Lake Lake

Cameron Creek

Cameron Creek k

k r

r e

T g

i u

g R

c d

i n

r R o

c r i

n e

r o

r m

i e a C

a C Paiaka wreck site C Paiaka wreck site

Cameron Ck Wetland k

Cameron Ck Wetland

o 3

Kohangapiripiri

2 Kohangapiripiri

e Projected future changes

Lake Lake k

Lake Lake

and Eastbourne and a

L Area - Parangarahu Lakes

and Eastbourne and L

To Burdans Gate Burdans To

k c

a r

k c T

T e

s e

h h

t g i

h L g i Parangarahu Lakes Area in 2014 Parangarahu Lakes L 1 kilometre 1 kilometre grave grave EAST HARBOUR REGIONAL PARK: HARBOUR REGIONAL EAST EAST HARBOUR REGIONAL PARK - PARK HARBOUR REGIONAL EAST Fitzroy Bay Fitzroy Bay Inconstant Point Inconstant Inconstant Point Inconstant Old Pencarrow Lighthouse Old Pencarrow Lighthouse Te Rae-akiaki Te (Pencarrow Head) Te Rae-akiaki Te (Pencarrow Head)

10 PARKS NETWORK PLAN PARKS NETWORK PLAN 11 Rules applying to activities in the d. cultural health index monitoring Parangarahu Lakes Reserve of East Harbour Regional Parks & Forests e. day/overnight wananga

Section 7.1 – 7.5 [PNP] states what f. conducting research permissions are required for various activities and the process required for obtaining Approvals required: consent. Where this process diff ers for the These activities are part of park management Parangarahu Lakes area, this is stated below. and will be planned and undertaken with the approval of the Roopu Tiaki. This diff ers from Allowed activities other Regional Parks where some of these activities The following activities are allowed to be require permits which are processed by GWRC. undertaken by individuals or groups (of less Where there are short timeframes involved, than 30 people): approval may be granted by agreement between a GWRC and PNBST representative and then a. Walking, running, hiking, tramping on all retrospectively granted by the Roopu Tiaki at their trails next meeting. b. Picnicking (including the use of gas Managed activities stoves) in designated picnic areas Permits for Managed Activities are issued by c. Filming or photography for personal, authorised offi cers and rangers and require family and non-commercial purposes approval of the Roopu Tiaki d. Mountain biking on designated shared a. Specifi ed site and park facilities trails, with consideration to other users on reservations for groups shared trails. b. Conducting research** Taranaki Whānui kaitiaki activities c. Collection of natural material e.g. seed Recognising that this area is now in joint collection** ownership it is imperative that iwi are able to exercise their kaitiaki responsibilities. To ** Not associated with Taranaki Whānui promote Taranaki Whānui taking up their role kaitiaki activities. as kaitiaki of the area, the following activities Approvals required may occur subject to tikanga being followed 5 and Roopu Tiaki oversight. These activities are handled through the permit system which is administered by GWRC. a. cultural harvest of karaka, ronga and Applications can generally be made online and plant species suitable for weaving will be dealt with by the relevant offi cer. All b. collection of natural materials for other permits will require approval (either in advance or purposes e.g. seed and mouri stones retrospective) from the Roopu Tiaki. c. planting of native vegetation and Restricted activities restocking of eel These are activities that are not specifi cally ‘allowed’ or ‘managed’ or are not ‘prohibited’ 5 The Roopu Tiaki is the advisory body tasked with developing in the Parangarahu Lakes Area. By their the management vision and advising on annual work nature, a case-by-case assessment is needed programmes for the Parangarahu Lakes Area. The Roopu as to whether the activity is approved. Each Tiaki is comprised of both members from PNBST and senior staff from GWRC. application is considered on its individual

12 PARKS NETWORK PLAN merits, compatibility and appropriateness e. Lighting fi res to the location. Some applications may need f. Fireworks to be publicly notifi ed and can be either approved, subject to conditions, or declined. g. Horse riding

They may: h. Dog walking

• Be activities that require a lease, licence or i. Wilderness camping (not associated with easement under the Reserves Act 1977 or an overnight whananga, refer to Tangata other legislation. Whenua activities)

o The Reserves Act sets out specifi c j. Motorised recreation provisions around what activities require a concession to occur on k. Hang gliding and parapenting recreation or scientifi c reserve. l. Recreational hunting • Involve the exclusive use of an area for an m. Quarrying extended period of time or be large scale events n. All mining activities

• Be of a commercial nature This table updates Table 9 from the Parks Network Plan, found in Chapter 7 Rules for Approvals required use and development. The processing of all concessions will be managed Explanation: Approval for managed activities and by GWRC using the guidelines set out in the Taranaki Whānui kaitiaki activities is given by Parks Network Plan 2011 and the GWRC Parks the Roopu Tiaki. This process is explained in the and Forests Concession Guidelines 2013. The Parangarahu Lakes Area Co-management Plan. Roopu Tiaki will be the initial decision making body for all concessions, and where necessary DOC retains control of the issuing of permits for recommending the approval or decline of a activities on the lakes (Scientifi c Reserve Crown concession to GWRC, Port Nicholson Block Stratum). Sett lement Trust or DOC where legislation requires that a particular body makes the fi nal decision.

Prohibited Activities

The following activities are prohibited: a. Spreading of ashes or body parts6 b. Erection of private dwellings and structures c. Unauthorised introduction of plants or animals. d. Depositing rubbish

6 Note that where disinterment occurs of koiwi that a suitable location would be found to re-bury within the area.w

PARKS NETWORK PLAN 13 ACTIVITY CATEGORY:  Allowed Managed Restricted  Prohibited

ACTIVITY ACTIVITY IN PARKS CATEGORY SPECIFIC RULES

Aircraft landings 

Animals, excluding dogs/horses 

Ashes – burial/spreading 

Camping (designated sites) **  Not associated with overnight wananga

Camping (wilderness based) ** 

Collecting natural materials**  Includes conducting research.

Commercial activity 

Dog walking 

Events (commercial, or larger than  30 people)

Filming (commercial) 

Firearms (refer also to Hunting) 

Fires (open) 

Fireworks 

Fishing** 

Hang gliding / parapenting 

Horse riding 

Hunting  Hunting on GWRC administered land is undertaken only for management purposes. Note: DOC retains control of the issuing of permits for Duck Shooting on the Lakes.

Informal games n/a

Lease/licence  Note: This area is subject to requirements of the Reserves Act 1977 for any applications for a lease or licence.

14 PARKS NETWORK PLAN ACTIVITY ACTIVITY IN PARKS CATEGORY SPECIFIC RULES

Motorised recreation (Cat A: club/  Pencarrow Road access is controlled by HCC via casual) a permit system. There is a maximum number of recreational vehicles permitted per day. Motorised recreation (Cat B:  special events)

Mountain biking 

Picnicking  Includes the use of gas stoves in designated places (for less than 30 people)

Swimming / Boating / Waka  Unless for management purposes. Note: DOC retains control of the issuing of permits for activities on the Lakes.

Tangata Whenua kaitiaki activities  Subject to tikanga beign followed and Roopu Tiaki approval (refer Co-Management Plan). Includes: Cultural harvest, collection of natural materials, restocking of natural fl ora and fauna, wananga, cultural monitoring and research.

Walking, tramping, running 

**Excluding that associated with Taranaki Whānui kaitiaki activities.

PARKS NETWORK PLAN 15 To update Parks Network Plan Appendix 2

LEGAL AREA LAND TITLE DESCRIPTION HECTARES OWNER LAND STATUS COMMENTS

East Harbour Regional Park - Northern Forest

486137 Sec 131, 132 and 34.7113 Vested in East Harbour Scenic Formerly Marine Drive 133 Harbour District GW Reserve for the Recreation Reserve. purposes of Sec 19(1)(a) GW water pipe runs Reserves Act 1977 between blocks NZG 2006 No.118 page 3257

WN8A/1461 Section 115 Harbour 43.6555 DOC Scenic reserve – unnamed Scenic District SO 28270 Classifi ed for purposes Reserve on schedule of Sec 19(1)(a) Reserves as potential cultural Act 1977 redress for PNBST NZ Gazette 2006 page 3527

488806 Lot 35 DP 1714 0.5167 Vested in East Harbour Scenic Formerly part of Lowry GW Reserve for the Bay Scenic reserve purposes of sec 19(1)(a) Reserves Act 1977 NZG 2006 No.118 page 3257

WN404/96 Lot 36 DP 1714 1.1609 Vested in East Harbour Scenic GW GN Reserve for the purposes of sec 19(1)(a) Reserves Act 1977 NZG 2006 No.118 page 3257

WND3/1011 Lot 1 DP 26137 4.5666 Vested in East Harbour Scenic Formerly part of Lowry GW Reserve for the Bay Scenic reserve purposes of sec 19(1)(a) Reserves Act 1977 NZG 1987 page 963 & NZG 2006 page 3257

488807 Lot 6 DP 13855 0.2737 Vested in East Harbour Scenic Formerly part of Lowry GW Reserve for the purposes Bay Scenic reserve of sec 19(1)(a) Reserves Act 1977 NZG 2006 page 3527

488808 Lot 47 DP 11205 50.7494 Vested in East Harbour Scenic Formerly part of Lowry GW GN Reserve for the purposes Bay Scenic reserve 8232884.1 of sec 19(1)(a) Reserves ( NZG 2006 Act 1977 No. 118 NZG 2006 page 3527 page 3528)

16 PARKS NETWORK PLAN 488809 Part Lot 4 DP 12030 65.9412 Vested East Harbour Scenic Formerly part of Lowry in GW Reserve for the purposes Bay Scenic reserve of sec 19(1)(a) Reserves Act 1977 NZG 2006 page 3527

488803 Lot 1 DP 42208 0.1784 Vested East Harbour Scenic Formerly Cheviot Road in GW Reserve for the purposes Scenic Reserve. of sec 19(1)(a) Reserves Act 1977 NZG 2006 page 3527

WN15C/1192 Lot 15 DP42970 0.3007 DOC Scenic reserve On schedule as potential cultural redress for PNBST

NZG 1919 No. Sections 38, 40 90.7629 DOC Recreation reserve – Formerly part 110 and part Section 35 Classifi ed as recreation Eastbourne Domain page 2775 Harbour District reserve which in total SO 10756 by NZ Gazette 2006 pg comprises 3527 343.7288 ha. Subject to fi nalisation of survey and completion of exchange involving a small part of reserve, between Crown and Hutt City Council. Once exchange has been completed, the reserve will be reclassifi ed for Scenic Reserve and vested to GW

WN469/285 Sections 92, 93, 94 & 20.9989 DOC Recreation reserve – Formerly part 95 Harbour District Classifi ed as recreation Eastbourne Domain reserve which in total by NZ Gazette 2006 pg comprises 3527 343.7288 ha. Comments as above

WN501/280 Lot 6 DP 4468 0.5557 DOC Recreation reserve – Classifi ed as recreation reserve by NZ Gazette 2006 pg 3527

WN493/283 Part Section 45 3.1600 Hutt CC Reserve for the Administering Harbour District preservation of scenery Body powers and SO 10686 responsibility for management transferred to GW from HCC by Agreement dated 22 November 2004 (Section 17 LGA)

PARKS NETWORK PLAN 17 NZG 1939 No. Section 102 and Part 0.0445 DOC Recreation reserve – 50 page 1938 Section 103 Harbour Classifi ed as recreation District reserve by NZ Gazette 2006 pg 3527

NZG 1908 Sections 42 & 43, 211.5641 DOC Recreation reserve – Formerly part No.73 page and Part Sections Classifi ed as recreation Eastbourne Domain 2504 44, 46 & 48 Harbour reserve which in total District by NZ Gazette 2006 pg comprises 343.7288 3527

NZG 1936 Part Section 47 19.3010 DOC Recreation reserve – No.9 page 140 Harbour District Classifi ed as recreation reserve by NZ Gazette 2006 pg 3527

WN483/41 Part Lot 268 DP 993 0.5018 DOC Recreation reserve – Formerly part Classifi ed as recreation Eastbourne Domain reserve which in total by NZ Gazette 2006 pg comprises 343.7288 3527

WN437/249 Lot 1 DP10555 0. 5819 Hutt CC Fee Simple Administering Body powers and responsibility for management transferred to GW from HCC by Agreement dated 22 November 2004 (Section 17 LGA)

WN7A/604 Pt Sec 31 Harbour 0.3832 Hutt CC Quarry Reserve Administering District DP7015 SO Subject to Reserves and Body powers and 10686 Domains Act 1953 responsibility for management transferred to GW from HCC by Agreement dated 22 November 2004 (Section 17 LGA)

WN354/149 Pt Sec 41 Harbour 5.6623 Hutt CC Scenic reserve Administering District SO 10756 NZG 2007 pages 1639 Body powers and and 1641 responsibility for management transferred to GW from HCC by Agreement dated 22 November 2004 (Section 17 LGA)

WN352/187 Section 43 & 44, 329.8795 Hutt CC Scenic reserve Administering Pt Sec 40 & 42 NZG 2007 pages 1639 Body powers and Wainuiomata District and 1641 responsibility for SO 10755 management transferred to GW from HCC by Agreement dated 22 November 2004 (Section 17 LGA)

18 PARKS NETWORK PLAN WN24B/514 Lot 1 DP53598 22.5604 Hutt CC Scenic reserve Administering NZG 2007 pages 1639 Body powers and and 1641 responsibility for management transferred to GW from HCC by Agreement dated 22 November 2004 (Section 17 LGA)

WN24B/515 Lot 2 DP 53598 1.1248 Hutt CC Scenic reserve Administering NZG 2007 pages 1639 Body powers and and 1641 responsibility for management transferred to GW from HCC by Agreement dated 22 November 2004 (Section 17 LGA)

WN30C/888 Lot 1 DP 59024 13.1403 Hutt CC Scenic reserve Administering NZG 2007 pages 1639 Body powers and and 1641 responsibility for management transferred to GW from HCC by Agreement dated 22 November 2004 (Section 17 LGA)

WN6A/343 Sec 77 & 78 Harbour 86.8547 Hutt CC Scenic reserve Administering District SO 23718 NZG 2007 pages 1639 Body powers and and 1641 responsibility for management transferred to GW from HCC by Agreement dated 22 November 2004 (Section 17 LGA)

Lot 8 DP 48950 0.2355 Hutt CC Reserve for recreation Administering and public enjoyment Body powers and responsibility for management transferred to GW from HCC by Agreement dated 22 November 2004 (Section 17 LGA)

WN33B/777 Lot 1 DP 53556 and 191.4687 Hutt CC Scenic reserve Administering Part Lot 1 DP 51972 NZG 2000 page 4269 Body powers and responsibility for management transferred to GW from HCC by Agreement dated 22 November 2004 (Section 17 LGA)

PARKS NETWORK PLAN 19 WN54B/641 Sections 29, 30 & 32 253.3383 Hutt CC Pt Sec 28 H.D.- Land To be declared a scenic and Pt Sections 28, acquired for plantation reserve by HCC under 31, 33, 34 and 35 reserve, NZ Gazette. the provisions of Sec 14 Harbour District SO 1918 p 1071 Reserves Act 10755 and SO 10686 Administering Body powers and responsibility for management transferred to GW from HCC by Agreement dated 22 November 2004 (Section 17 LGA)

480938 Lot 2 DP 420853 and 45.5968 Greater Purpose - Scenic reserve Subject to Reserve Act Lot 3 DP 83139 Wellington 1977

WN485/47 Pt Sections 45 and 117.4606 Greater Fee simple Land behind 46 Wainuiomata Wellington Wainuiomata District, Block I golf-club Pencarrow Survey District

WN20B/1221 Pt Sections 7 & 8 3.7159 Greater Fee simple Access arm behind Wainuiomata District Wellington Wainuiomata in Block XVI Belmont golf-club Survey District & Block I Pencarrow Survey District.

WN38D/49 Lot 2 DP 66889 0.6750 Greater Fee simple Coast Road Wellington block adjacent to Wainuiomata golf- club

WN271/19 Part Lot 1, 5 and 6 2.7415 Hutt CC Fee simple Administering DP 4468 being part Body powers and Sections 37 and 39 responsibility for Harbour District management transferred to GW from HCC by Agreement dated 22 November 2004 (Section 17 LGA)

East Harbour Regional Park - Parangarahu Lakes Area

AREA LAND TITLE LEGAL DESCRIPTION HECTARES OWNER LAND STATUS COMMENTS

488810 Sec 2 Block V 14.3157 Vested in Pencarrow Head Pencarrow Head Pencarrow Survey GW Recreation Reserve Recreation Reserve. District GN Does not comprise 8232884.1 footprint of land around lighthouse ( NZG 2006 No. 118 page 3528)

20 PARKS NETWORK PLAN WN41A/384 Section 3 SO 406982 362.4813 Greater Parangarahu Recreation Parangarahu Recreation (Formerly Lot 1 Wellington Reserve NZG 1995 Reserve DP74247) No. 50 page 1285

The following titles are administered by DOC.

Section 1 SO 409042 1.26 Crown Government Purpose Dryland Outlet of Lake (wildlife management) Kohangatera. Reserve. Proposed to be vested in GWRC as Scientifi c Reserve.

N/A Water and air above 12.30 Crown Scientifi c Reserve Water and air column Lot 9 DP 53891 & above Kohangapiripiri. Section 1 SO 406979 Proposed to be vested in GWRC.

N/A Water and air above 33.06 Crown Scientifi c Reserve Water and air column Section 2 SO 409042 above Kohangatera. Proposed to be vested in GWRC.

East Harbour Regional Park - Baring Head/Örua-pouanui

AREA LAND TITLE LEGAL DESCRIPTION HECTARES OWNER LAND STATUS COMMENTS

556278 Part Lot 1 DP 72418, 10.5892 Crown – Classifi ed as Recreation Baring Head Lighthouse Survey District Vested in Reserve by NZG 1995 compound & Greater p 324 escarpment. Wellington

WN42B/597 Lot 4 DP 59276 284.6000 Wellington Classifi ed as Scenic Main Block – Baring Regional Reserve 1(a) by NZG Head. Council 2011 p 3957 Subject to Reserve Act Corrected in New 1977 Zealand Gazette, 4/7/2013, No. 85, p. 2310

NZG 1995 Part Paranagarahu 0.4046 Crown – Recreation Reserve Observation Bunker Site Page 1364 1A3, Block VIII Vested in – Baring Head Pencarrow Survey Wellington District Regional Council

PARKS NETWORK PLAN 21 For more information contact the Greater Wellington Regional Council:

Wellington office Upper Hutt office Masterton office March 2014 PO Box 11646 PO Box 40847 PO Box 41 GW/PK-G-14/27 Manners Street Upper Hutt 5018 Masterton 5840 Wellington 6142 T 04 526 4133 T 06 378 2484 T 04 384 5708 F 04 526 4171 F 06 378 2146 [email protected] F 04 385 6960 www.gw.govt.nz