HIGH CONTEXT CULTURE ANALYSIS IN “SANAM TERI KASAAM” MOVIE

Vera Tri Romadhani Email : [email protected]

The aims of this research is to find out the kinds and the meanings of high context culture in sanam teri kasaam movie, to give understanding about culture in india and culture that include into high context culture through movie. Movie is also called a film. Movie can be done well during the shooting. And the point of view of this research is for communication, it means that we will know the other culture, we haven’t to come to that country directly but with this research we can know the culture in that country. This research observed all the characters and have found four parts of high context culture . From the characters of sanam teri kassam movie, those are (Kinesics) which include , facial expression, and dress. Second is eye contact (Oculistics), Then Touch (Haptics) and the last is Body distance (proxemics). So that, High context culture is a large part of the meanings lies in the physical context. As a result, the message itself carries less information.

Key words : High Context Culture, Movie.

Background of the Study form of , understanding of Language is a cultural asset, the distance of interaction, from which we can know the cultural understanding of the use of time, the characteristics of a nation. According use of fragrances, the use of color, to Keraf (2005:1) there are two etc. language understanding. Both kinds of communication Humans are social beings, are in Cross Culture Understanding communal beings and creatures who learning where there are two social need each other. sometimes when approaches in communication styles socializing we do not understand the namely High context culture and message that is conveyed by the Low context culture. Low context speaker, either for fear of being culture is (verbal communication) offended or do not know the sentence According to Hall (1979, p. 86) or the exact term to oralize the intent. “context carries varying proportions there is someone while socializing of the meaning.” In other words, with the other person always bluntly meaning that is not encoded into without caring their feelings words by the message sender is But human interaction is certainly supplied by context. In so-called not solely in support of verbal “low-context” communication communication through the use of systems, people translate a large part language of the country. But non- of the meaning into explicit code verbal use is more important and (Hall 1979, p.91). While the High- even support the effectiveness of context communication systems are verbal communication. That non- the extreme opposite of low-context verbal messages can appear in the communication systems. The author

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Hall (1979, p. 91) points out that in influenced with modern or high-context communication a large westernization culture. Sanam teri part of the meaning lies in the kasaam movie has nice story because physical context, which includes it tells about a daughter who have facial expressions, tone of voice and reputed died by her father because gestures. As a result, the message her father saw her in the man’s room, itself carries less information. while the father believed and very According to Umi Pujiyanti & strong with his culture in India. The Fatkhunaimah Rhina Zuliani in their country of India has many cultures book Cross Cultural Understanding: and Indians are very believe with A Handbook To Understand Others’ their culture. The story in this film Cultures (2014), they said that “Non- managed to attract the attention of verbal communication is the process india movie lovers till to the of communicating through sending and In fact, Sanam Teri Kasam is and receiving wordless messages. quite popular in Indonesia and Non-verbal communication can be successfully become bollywood divided into 6 parts namely body movie who bring us touched to that language (kinesics), eye contact movie. Indian culture can also be (oculistics), touch (haptics), body used as a learning to increase the distance (proxemics), paralangue, knowledge for students and readers. and turn taking”. The researcher only focuses According to the researcher on high context culture to focus on between low context culture and high the research, to deepen the context culture more challenger to comprehension about high context analyze about high context culture, culture and also in the movie. So because when analyzing High that, the researcher must use context culture we need to languages as a communication that understand what is meant from can invite the audience’s interest of human gesture or something in the watching this movie and help to form of non verbal. While low catch and understand the messages context culture is easy to understand and the gesture meaning that want to just by saying. be conveyed by the researcher The researcher chooses through a movie. “Sanam Teri Kasaam” movie as the Based on the reasons above, object of research and movie video as the researcher is interested in the source of the data because conducting a research to analyze high Sanam Teri Kasaam is one of context culture that construct and attractive and interesting movie and deliver the messages entitle: “HIGH belongs to box office which released CONTEXT CULTURE ANALYSIS on 05 february 2016. Then, the IN “SANAM TERI KASAAM” researcher compare this movie with MOVIE ’’ the other movie such as Dilwale Based on the Background of the movie, in sanam teri kasaam movie study above, writer could formulate we can found story that contained the problem as follow : many of indian culture espesially 1. What are high context cultures traditional culture while in Dilwale contained in the sanam teri movie there is a little of indian kasaam movie? culture because Dilwale movie have

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2. What are the meanings of High points out thatin high-context Context Culture in Sanam Teri communication a large part of the Kasaam Movie ? meaning lies in the physical Culture might also be defined as context, which includes facial ideas, customs, skills, arts, and tools expressions, tone of voice and which characterize a given group of gestures. As aresult, the message people in a period of time. Children itself carries less information. People learn ways of doing things, ways of do not explicitly saywhat they want talking, smiling, laughing, liking and to convey. Instead, they beat around disliking things. Culture determines the bush until theirinterlocutor people’s action, their social decodes the message correctly. relationship and their morality Non-verbal communication can (Gurito, 2003: p 1).`Culture' means be divided into 6 parts namely body different things to different people. language (kinesics), eye contact Communication is the transfer of (oculistics), touch (haptics), body information from one person to distance (proxemics), paralangue, another. In other words we can say and turn taking. communication as the exchange of Body language is a significant ideas, information, etc. between two aspect of modern communications or more people. Most of us spend and relationships. Body language can about 75 percent of our waking hours be defined as the conscious and communicating our knowledge, unconscious movements and postures thoughts, and ideas to others.There by which attitudes and feelings are are two areas of communication communicated. which are highly affected by a Eye contact (Oculistic) is the person’scultural background. meeting of the eyes between two Differences in communication styles, individuals. In humans, eye contact is as will be shown below, determine a form of how much of the meaning people and has a large influence on social encode into acutal words. There are behavior (Umi Pujiyanti & two types of communication style of Fatkhunaimah Rhina Zuliani in their sosial approaches in culture low- book Cross Cultural Understanding: context communication and high- A Handbook To Understand Others’ context communication. Cultures (2014)). The study of eye According to Edward Hall contact is sometimes known as (1979, p. 86) “context carries varying Oculistics. Eye contact develops in a proportions of the meaning.” In other 8 cultural context and different gazes words, meaning that is not encoded have different meanings all over the into words by the message sender is world. supplied by context. In so-called Touch (Haptics) is culturally “low-context” communication determine, but each culture has a systems, people translate a large part clear concept of what parts of the of the meaning into explicit code body one may not touch. Basic (Hall 1979, p. 91). message of touch is to affect or High-context communication control — protect, support, systems are the extreme opposite of disapprove (i.e. hug, , hit, kick). low-contextcommunication systems. Proxemics or personal space The author Edward Hall (1979, p. 91) is defined as (the study of) the

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amount of space that people find comfortable between themselves and RESEARCH METHOD others. People are usually more comfortable standing closer to family In this research design, the members than to strangers. The study researcher use qualitative. According of the way that people use physical to Donald Ary (2010:419) space to convey messages is called Qualitative research investigatesthe Proxemics. quality of relationships, activities, It is not only words that convey situations, and materials. The message, but also a range of other researcher model and the strategies factors, such as: applied is naturalistic qualitative 1. vocal characterizers -laugh, cry, research. In this kind of research, the yell, moan, whine, belch, yawn- researcher also used certain send different messages in technique to get the data that is different cultures. For example, library research. in Japan, giggling indicates Data collection is the technique that embarrassment, and in India, the researcher used to get the data of belch indicates satisfaction. the research. The data collection for 2. vocal qualifiers such as volume, this research is obtained from pitch, rhythm, tempo, and tone watching the movie and have different meaning. documentation. Loudness indicates strength in Related to Creswell in Arabic cultures and softness Fischler (2008) Documentation is a indicates weakness. In German, term used broadly in this book refers it indicates confidence and to printed and other materials authority. Meanwhile in relevant to study. In this research, the Japanese, it indicates indicates researcher used documentation as the loss of control. Generally, one tool to collect the data. It caused the learns not to ―shout‖ in Asia for researcher collect the data from the nearly any reason. movie “Sanam Teri Kasaam”. The 3. vocal segregates such as ―uh- researcher captured the gesture on huh, shh, uh, ooh, mmmh, each character and the culture in humm, eh, mah, nahh‖ indicate india. So the researcher has the formality, acceptance, assent, picture of Sanam Teri Kasaam as the uncertainty, and also controlling documentation. conversation. The data of this study is taken In normal, civilized Western- from the utterance all of the character type of conversation, speakers do not in the Sanam Teri Kasaam movie speak all the time; they wait for their while they has some interaction with ‗ turn‘. But, how do people go about the other character. After collecting allocating turns to each other or the data, the researcher uses some themselves? This is the mechanism steps to analyze the data, as follow: of turn taking. On the one hand, there 1. The first step, the researcher are natural breaks in every watch the movie of “Sanam Teri conversation; a speaker has to pause Kasaam” repeatedly in one month for breath, or runs out things to say, at least three times in a week. In or simply declares his or her this activity the researcher contribution to be finished. watching overall of the movie

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(beginning to the end) three times The most familiar categories or in a week. body language are the so called 2. The second step after the embles. Another familiar body researcher comprehended well language are using finger. about conversation on each Fingers communicate many character, behaviour or the act things. Here are the gestures in that do on each character and this movie: culture in India through that  The character pointed the index film, the researcher identifying finger it is indicating that the which one that belongs to high character give the understanding context culture. and advice. At that scene 3. The next step, captured the data (07.13) Saru’s pointed of the action or gesture on each indicate to give an instruction or character by using PrtSc SysRq advice to her daughter on laptop and by using camera  At that scene (17.07) inder, the phone. man pointed his index finger to 4. Then, analysing the data that the book indicate to request a collected. book. 5. After that determine each  At that scene (20.43) the meaning of them. character using a hand by 6. Then, the researcher rechecks touching her cheek. The the result that written. meaning is to wipe the tears, to 7. The last step is the researcher indicating sadness. gives a conclusion from the  The character at that scene analysis to answer the research (21.08) put a hand to her waist problem. and she is faced with her sister It means that she was angry.  The character pointed her hand DISCUSSION OF RESEARCH to her neck at that scene (25.40). A. Body Language (Kinesics) The Meaning Kill or dead. Body language can be defined as  The character pointed V-gesture the conscious and unconscious and became to mean “peace” at movements and postures by which that scene (48.09). attitudes and feelings are  The man (58.17) character communicated. This includes pointed Thumbs Up to the girl. body movement (gesture), body The meaning is that girl is OK or position, facial expression, as well Good or Beautiful. as dress.  The mother character pointed her 1. Body Movement (Gesture) clasping both hands. the Body language allow meaning is indicating hope or individuals to communicate a expectancy. variety of feelings and thoughts, often together with  The woman character pointed body language in addition to OK gesture its indicating of spoken word. From the sanam something look good or well or teri kasaam movie, the . 2. Facial Expression characters that using gesture approximately 24 frequencies.  Saru’s mother at that scene (02.07.18) used facial

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expression that express  The characters used eye contact happiness. for establish a sense of  At that scene (28.06) The intimacy between both of them character used facial at that scene (01.32.20) and expression that express (01.32.51) anxiety or fear.  The two men used eye contact  Saru at that scene it means to convey the (29.14)used facial message. At that scene expression that express (02.27.56) actually they were a shock. father and son.  The character used facial C. Touch (Haptics) expression to express Touch is culturally determine, annoyance, at that scene but each culture has a clear (57.14) concept of what parts of the  Crying is one of facial body one may not touch. From expression used at that scene the sanam teri kasaam movie, (01.21.44) by the female The characters used touch lead. approximately 15 frequencies.  The character used facial  At that scene (18.56) In expression to express anger indian culture, when greeting at that scene (01.45.41) used the way to greet the opposite by Inder. gender by clasping both 3. Dress hands in a position like  The character used white praying and slightly dress for dedication of last and saying “” means ritual if there is a family Salam. who died. At the scene  The character used “hug” that (01.01.30) meaning is to give protection  The character used dress of at that scene ( 22.23) indian man culture for daily  The female lead kiss her sister namely is Lungi, for woman means to show an affection is sari. and care. at that scene (24.09)  The character used dress  The lead characters at that namely sari for indian scene (02.01.46) holding woman to and hands it is indicating to signal dhoti for man. At that scene love and affection. (01.12.19) D. Body Distance / Space B. Eye Contact (Oculistics) (Proxemics) Eye contact is a form of Proxemics is the second place nonverbal communication and that the most frequency used in has a large influence on social this movie approximately 32 behavior. In the movie, Eye frequencies. Proxemics or Contact is used approximately 18 personal space is defined as (the frequencies. study of) the amount of space  The man character used eye that people find comfortable contact the meaning is to between themselves and others. involve in flirting (01.07.56’).  Usually someone more comfortable standing closer to

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family members. At that scene also answers for the second research (36.44) the relationship betwen problem about the meaning of high both of them is father and context culture of sanam teri kasaam daughter, the space and distance movie to the reader. of both was about 1,5-4 feet, it The meaning of high context means that according to theory culture of sanam teri kasaam movie someone are more comfortable described some meaning in each high standing closer to family context culture which contaied in the member. movie, such as :  The characters used proxemics First part of high context culture is to show intimate relationship body language (kinesics), in this closeness at the scene (53.58) part there are gesture (Based on the Saru and inder were very closer. details meanings on chapter IV, the  At that Scene (02.25.49) the researcher conclude there are eight space or distance between them meaning of characters’ gesture; 1) is not closer was about 4-12 feet. giving advice, 2) request something, It means that they kept out of the 3) indicating sadness or cry, 4) relation and they were very indicating anger, 5) indicating kill or ignorant each other. dead, 6) indicating peace, 7) indicating something Ok or good or CONCLUSION AND well, 8) indicating hope), facial SUGGESTION expression (Based on the details previous meanings, the researcher Conclusion conclude that there are six meanings After watching and of facial expression; 1) indicating identifying the “Sanam Teri Kasaam” happiness, 2) indicating anxiety/fear, movie, the researcher made a 3) indicating shock, 4) indicating conclusion. Here, the conclusion is annoyance, 5) indicating based on summary of the finding and crying/sadness, 6) indicating anger), analyzing of the high context culture Dress(Based on details meanings that found in “Sanam Teri Kasaam” before, the researcher choose the movie. In the movie, the researcher dress which appropriate with indian found a high context culture based culture generally, so the researcher on Umi Pujiyanti & Fatkhunaimah conclude that there are three types of Rhina Zuliani in their book Cross dress for indian culture; 1) for the Cultural Understanding: A last ritual of died, 2) for daily, 3) for Handbook To Understand Others’ marriage) Cultures (2014) theory. In the finding second part is Eye Contact the researcher answer and analyzed (Oculistics).Based on the details of the first research problem of this meanings before, the researcher study, the researcher find four parts conclude that there are three of high context culture from the meanings of eye contact in the movie characters in the sanam teri kasaam ; 1) To involved in flirting, 2) movie. There are body language indicating intimacy, 3) to convey the (kinesics) include Gesture, facial message. expression and dress. Eye contact The third parts is Touch (Haptics). (oculistic), touch (haptic), and body The researcher conclude that there distance (proxemics). The researcher are four types of touch in this movie;

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1) to say greeting 2) indicating teater/drama, poem or other data in a protection, 3) indicating affection discourse. and love, 4) indicating care. The last part that contained in the REFERENCES movie is Body distance/space (Proxemics). The researcher Ary, Donald, Jacobs; L.C. and conclude that there are three Sorenson; Chris. 2006. meanings of proxemics in the movie; Introduction To 1) indicating Closer, 2) indicating Research in Education. have an intimate relationship, 3) Canada : Wadsworth. Indicating usual relationship. Ary, Donald, Jacobs; Lucy Cheser, Suggestion and Sorenson; Chris. For readers and students who are 2010. Introduction To interested in analyzing linguistic and Research in Education, culture, not only culture about a Eighth Edition. USA : custome but our conversation, our Wadsworth. behavior also as a characteristic of Creswell, John. 2008. Educational our culture. . In this research, to Research : Planning, understanding a discourse (whole Conducting, and story in “Sanam Teri Kasaam” Evaluating Quantitative movie), the researcher suggests and Qualitative Research, readers or students must know and Fourth Edition. USA: understand about definition of high Pearson. context culture first, then we can Creswell, John.2009. Research analyzed the high context culture in Design : Qualitative, the movie. With we understand about Quantitative and Mixed high context culture, we as the reader Methods Approaches. will go easier to understand the USA: Sage Publication. meaning of the message in the Gurito, A. 2003.Culture. movie, not only can analyzed in Unpublished Paper. movie but also we can analyzed high Pujiyanti, Umi; Rina Zuliani, context culture in our daily Fatkhunaimah. 2014.Cross conversation with others. Because Cultureal Understanding: human interaction is certainly not A Handbook to solely in support of verbal Understand Others’ communication through the use of Cultures. Yogyakarta: country’s language, but high context CV.Hidayah. culture ( non verbal communication) Stam, Robert; Miller Toby. 2000. is more importan and even support Film and Theory an the effectiveness of verbal Anthology. New York communication. University: Department For the future researcher, this of Cinema Studies. research is hoped can be used as T.Hall, Edward.1979. Beyond references to conduct another culture. New York: research on analyze of high context Anchor Books. culture, especially in real life (daily Thomas, Jerry R. Research Methods conversation with people) , movie, in Physical Activity, Sixth

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