THE HISTORY OF BAROQUE STYLE Content Chapter I Chapter III The history of baroque style The profound influence of baroque style on architecture 1.1-Introduction 1.2-Etymology 3.1- 1.3-Early Baroque period-c.1590–c.1625 3.2- 1.4-High Baroque period-c.1625–c.1660 3.3- 1.5-Late Baroque period-c.1660–c.1725 3.4- 3.5- THE HISTORY OF BAROQUE STYLE Chapter II Chapter IV Different fields influenced by the baroque The contribution of baroque style on style modern atrs 2.1-Music field 4.1- 2.2-Painting field 4.2- 2.3-Architecture field 4.3- 2.4-Sculpture field 4.4- 4.5- Background The Baroque is often thought of as a period of artistic style that used exaggerated motion and clear, easily interpreted detail to produce drama, tension, exuberance, and grandeur in sculpture, painting, architecture, literature, dance, theater, and music. The style began around 1600 in Rome, Italy and spread to most of Europe. The popularity and success of the Baroque style was encouraged by the Catholic Church, which had decided at the time of the Council of Trent, in response to the Protestant Reformation, that the arts should CHAPTER I communicate religious themes in direct and emotional Baroque style pattern-1 THE HISTORY OF BAROQUE STYLE involvement. The aristocracy also saw the dramatic style of Baroque architecture and art as a means of impressing visitors and expressing triumph, power and control. Baroque palaces are built around an entrance of courts, grand staircases and reception rooms of sequentially increasing opulence. However, "baroque" has resonance and application that extend beyond a simple reduction to either style or period. Baroque style pattern-2 Etymology It is a French transliteration of the Portuguese phrase "pérola barroca", which means "irregular pearl", and natural pearls that deviate from the usual, regular forms The word baroque is derived from the Portuguese word so they do not have an axis of rotation are known as "barroco", Spanish "barroco", or French "baroque", all "baroque pearls". of which refer to a "rough or imperfect pearl", though whether it entered those languages via Latin, Arabic, or some other source is uncertain. The term "Baroque" was initially used in a derogatory sense, to underline the excesses of its emphasis. In particular, the term was used to describe its eccentric The 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition thought redundancy and noisy abundance of details, which the term was derived from the Spanish barrueco, a large, sharply contrasted the clear and sober rationality of the irregularly-shaped pearl, and that it had for a time been Renaissance. confined to the craft of the jeweller. Although it was long thought that the word as a critical Others derive it from the mnemonic term "Baroco", term was first applied to architecture, in fact it appears a supposedly laboured form of syllogism in logical earlier in reference to music, in an anonymous, satirical Scholastica.The Latin root can be found in bis-roca. review of the première in October 1733 of Jean-Philippe Rameau's Hippolyte et Aricie, printed in the Mercure de France in May 1734. In informal usage, the word baroque can simply mean that something is "elaborate", with many details, without reference to the Baroque styles of the 17th and 18th The critic implied that the novelty in this opera was "du centuries. barocque", complaining that the music lacked coherent melody, was unsparing with dissonances, constantly changed key and meter, and speedily ran through every The word "Baroque", like most periodic or stylistic compositional device. designations, was invented by later critics rather than practitioners of the arts in the 17th and early 18th centuries. Early Baroque, c.1590–c.1625 High Baroque, c.1625–c.1660 The Baroque originated around 1600, several decades Between the early 17th century to mid 17th century, it after the Council of Trent (1545–63), by which the is widely accepted that this period is considered as the Roman Catholic Church answered many questions of most glorious moment of baroque style. The application internal reform, addressed the representational arts of baroque style was in rapid development and influenced by demanding that paintings and sculptures in church considerably in different art’s field like Architecture, contexts should speak to the illiterate rather than to the literature, costume and music. well-informed. This turn toward a populist conception of the function of ecclesiastical art is seen by many art Although baroque style had inherited the illusionism historians as driving the innovations of Caravaggio and concept which established during the Renaissance brothers Agostino and Annibale Carracci, all of who were period, it abandoned the simple, harmonious, stable working in Rome around 1600. classical style, pursuing a complicated hyperbole, magnificent, mighty, rich dynamic artistic realm. The The appeal of Baroque style turned consciously from the most representative of baroque style in the painting field witty, intellectual qualities of 16th-century Mannerist art was Peter Paul Rubens (1577 ~ 1640), while Giovanni to a visceral appeal aimed at the senses. It employed Lorenzo Bernini (1598 ~1680) was regarded as the an iconography that was direct, simple, obvious, and most outstanding master in terms of architecture and theatrical. sculpture. Baroque art drew on certain broad and heroic tendencies The reason why baroque style could play a dominant in Annibale Carracci and his circle, and found inspiration role in the 17 century was that it used a different and in other artists like Correggio and Caravaggio and unique way to express the concept of artistic spirit Federico Barocci, nowadays sometimes termed 'proto- when comparing with the methods used in Renaissance Baroque'. Germinal ideas of the Baroque can also be period. If the Renaissance could be defined as classicism, found in the work of MichelangeloThere are contrasting while baroque could be regarded as romanticism. phrase lengths, harmony and counterpoint have ousted Furthermore, the baroque style bought some innovative polyphony, and orchestral color makes a stronger and dynamic concepts in that period, that was why it had appearance. Even more generalized parallels perceived a profound influence in different art fields and dominated by some experts in philosophy, prose style and poetry, continuously in 17 century/ are harder to pinpoint. The facede of Church of Gesu Late Baroque, c.1660–c.1725 While in the beginning of 18th century, which was regarded as the flourishing moment of baroque style, the whole European continent began to experience a dramatic change in terms of various aspects, like culture, politics and arts. The arts centre of European continent shifted gradually from Italy to France, which contributed the Baroque style to decline and fall rapidly. Following the artistic development discipline, naissance- prosperity – decline, with the emerge of another art school, the Rococo style, baroque declined and fell eventually. The rococo style-1 CHAPTER II DIFFERENT FIELDS INFLUENCED BY THE Though Baroque was superseded in many aspects by the Rococo style, beginning in France in the late 1720s, BAROQUE STYLE especially for interiors, paintings and the decorative arts, the Baroque style continued to be used in architecture until the advent of Neoclassicism in the later 18th century. See the Neapolitan palace of Caserta, a Baroque palace whose construction began in 1752. The rococo style-2 Music field Painting field The baroque music was defined as a elaborated and A defining statement of what Baroque signifies in painting gorgeous music style during 17 century to 18 century in is provided by the series of paintings executed by Peter Europe.The term "Baroque" is generally used by music Paul Rubens for Marie de Medici at the Luxembourg historians to describe a broad range of styles from a wide Palace in Paris, in which a Catholic painter satisfied a geographic region, mostly in Europe, composed over a Catholic patron: Baroque-era conceptions of monarchy, period of approximately 150 years. iconography, handling of paint, and compositions as well as the depiction of space and movement. Although it was long thought that the word as a critical term was first applied to architecture, in fact it Baroque style featured "exaggerated lighting, intense appears earlier in reference to music, in an anonymous, emotions, release from restraint, and even a kind of satirical review of the première in October 1733 of artistic sensationalism". Baroque art did not really Rameau'sHippolyte et Aricie, printed in the Mercure de depict the life style of the people at that time; however, France in May 1734. Johann Sebastian Bach "closely tied to the Counter-Reformation, this style Peter Paul Rubens melodramatically reaffirmed the emotional depths of the The critic implied that the novelty in this opera was "du Catholic faith and glorified both church and monarchy" of barocque," complaining that the music lacked coherent their power and influence. melody, was filled with unremitting dissonances, constantly changed key and meter, and speedily ran There were highly diverse strands of Italian baroque through every compositional device. painting, from Caravaggio to Cortona; both approaching emotive dynamism with different styles. The systematic application by historians of the term "baroque" to music of this period is a relatively recent Another frequently cited work of Baroque art is Bernini's development. In 1919, Curt Sachs became the first to Saint Theresa in Ecstasy for the Cornaro chapel in Saint apply the five characteristics of Heinrich Wölfflin's theory Maria della Vittoria, which brings together architecture, of the Baroque systematically to music. sculpture, and theatre into one grand conceit. While the later Baroque style gradually replaced by another more decorative style, the Rococo. George Frideric Handel Madonna on Floral WreathElder-1619 Architecture field Baroque architecture is the building style of the Baroque era, begun in late 16th-century Italy, that took the Roman vocabulary of Renaissance architecture and used it in a new rhetorical and theatrical fashion, often to express the triumph of the Catholic Church and the absolutist state.